CN1189949A - 使用加密服务器加密消息 - Google Patents

使用加密服务器加密消息 Download PDF

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CN1189949A
CN1189949A CN97190451.0A CN97190451A CN1189949A CN 1189949 A CN1189949 A CN 1189949A CN 97190451 A CN97190451 A CN 97190451A CN 1189949 A CN1189949 A CN 1189949A
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encrypting messages
encryption
recipient
key
user
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CN1098581C (zh
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戴维·多伦伯斯
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H04L63/0442—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply asymmetric encryption, i.e. different keys for encryption and decryption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H04L63/0464—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload using hop-by-hop encryption, i.e. wherein an intermediate entity decrypts the information and re-encrypts it before forwarding it
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
    • H04L9/0822—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) using key encryption key
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
    • H04L9/0825—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) using asymmetric-key encryption or public key infrastructure [PKI], e.g. key signature or public key certificates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80—Wireless
    • H04L2209/805—Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2463/00—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
    • H04L2463/102—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying security measure for e-commerce

Abstract

一种加密服务器接收第一加密消息(105),并用第一密钥解密(403)该加密消息,生成包含第二加密消息(105A),第一加密消息发送者标识,以及第一接收者标识的解密消息。由该解密消息确定(405)第二加密消息,发送者标识,以及第一接收者标识。用第二密钥加密(409)第二加密消息和发送者标识,生成第三加密消息(109)。发送第三加密消息(109)给第一接收者。

Description

使用加密服务器加密消息
本发明涉及通信系统，包括但不限于加密通信系统。
加密话音和数据通信系统是众所周知的。许多这样的系统通过在两个和多个用户间共享一项或多项信息，在这些用户间提供安全通信，该系统仅允许知道该信息的那些用户正确解密消息。这种信息被称为加密密钥，或简称为密钥。加密密钥可以是隐秘密钥或者公钥，前者使用单个密钥进行加密和解密，后者使用多个密钥进行加密和解密。
在本领域中，使用公钥加密的加密方法是众所周知的。公钥加密一般是这样一种加密方法，在该方法中使用发送者的隐秘密钥加密单个消息，然后再使用接收者的公钥加密该消息。接收者则先使用接收者的隐秘密钥进行解密，然后再使用发送者的公钥解密该消息。公钥一般有512比特长，尽管某些公钥仅有256比特。一些加密专家建议使用1024比特密钥。因为破译密钥所需的计算能力随着密钥长度指数增长，较长的密钥提供了更多的安全性。此外，因为解密消息需要两个密钥，如果这两个密钥都不知道，则两个较长的密钥更难于解密。
当前使用安全通信系统以加密方式传送数据。如果用户希望发送同一个消息给5个不同的用户，则该用户必需加密该消息5次，每一次使用不同接收者的公钥加密该消息。然后，该用户发送这5个消息给5个接收者。但是，如果用户希望发送给，例如100个或更多的接收者，则这样的过程是令人厌烦的。在这种情况下，该用户必须单独对每一个消息加密100次或更多次，为每一个用户加密一次。如果用户拥有便携式通信设备，比如膝上型计算机，那么该用户的电池可能在完成对每个消息的加密和传输之前就没电了。此外，加密和传输过程会消耗便携式设备的许多时间和处理性能，使该便携式设备在加密和传输时间周期内无法被该用户用于其它行为。因此，对便携式用户而言，这种传输是不能实施的。
相应地需要这样一种方法，利用该方法可以发送加密数据消息给多个用户，而不会导致用户通信设备的时间或性能阻塞。
图1是具有根据本发明的加密服务器的通信系统的框图；
图2是根据本发明的加密服务器的框图；
图3的流程图示出了一种向根据本发明的加密服务器传送数字数据消息的方法；
图4的流程图示出了根据本发明的加密服务器传送加密消息的一种方法。
以下描述使用加密服务器加密消息的一种设备和一种方法。在向加密服务器发送消息之前，消息被加密两次，一次用发送者的隐秘密钥加密，然后用加密服务器的公钥加密。加密服务器用加密服务器的隐秘密钥解密所接收的消息，生成加密消息，用户标识(ID)，和一个或多个接收者ID。加密服务器用每一个接收者的公钥单独加密已加密的消息和用户ID，并把处理后的消息发送给适当的用户。每一个接收者用接收者隐秘密钥和发送者的公钥解密消息。从而提供了一种安全通信系统，其中便携式通信设备不会因为该设备的用户希望发送单个加密消息给多个接收者而暂停工作或耗尽电源。
一种使用加密服务器加密消息的方法，包括下述步骤：在用户操作的通信单元上生成数字数据消息。用第一密钥加密该数字数据消息，生成第一加密消息。在第一加密消息之后增补该用户标识和第一接收者的标识，生成一个增补的第一加密消息。用第二密钥加密该增补的第一加密消息，生成第二加密消息。将第二加密消息发送给加密服务器。加密服务器接收第二加密消息。用第三密钥解密第二加密消息，生成增补的第一加密消息。由该增补的第一加密消息确定第一加密消息，该用户标识和第一接收者标识。用第四密钥加密第一加密消息和用户标识，生成第三加密消息。将第三加密消息发送给第一接收者。在优选实施例中，第一密钥是与该用户相关联的隐秘密钥，第二密钥是与加密服务器相关联的公钥，第三密钥是与加密服务器相关联的隐秘密钥，第四密钥是与第一接收者相关联的公钥。可选地，第二密钥和第三密钥可以是相同的。发送步骤可以在无线通信资源，比如射频通信资源，或有线通信资源，比如标准电话线或光缆上进行。
此外，增补步骤还可以包括下述步骤：在第一加密消息之后增补第二接收者的标识，从而生成增补的第一加密消息。在这种情况下，该方法还包括下述步骤：加密服务器用第五密钥加密第一加密消息和用户标识，生成第四加密消息，并将第四加密消息发送给第二接收者。在优选实施例中，第五密钥是与第二接收者相关联的公钥。可选地，增补步骤可以包括下述步骤：在第一加密消息之后增补三个或更多个接收者的标识，从而生成增补的第一加密消息。
图1示出了具有加密服务器的通信系统的框图。在图1中间示出了一个加密服务器101。在下面描述的图2中示出了加密服务器101的进一步细节。第一通信单元103的用户使用第一通信单元103以生成数字数据消息，在优选实施例中对该消息进行两阶段加密。在第一阶段，用第一密钥加密数字数据消息，在优选实施例中第一密钥是该用户的隐秘密钥。该加密的结果是第一阶段加密消息。(在一种可选实施例中，不用第一密钥加密该数字数据消息。)在第一阶段加密消息之后增补该用户的标识(ID)和一个或多个接收者ID，生成一个增补消息。用第二密钥加密该增补消息，生成第二阶段加密消息105。在优选实施例中，第二密钥是与加密服务器101相关联的公钥。该通信单元将第二阶段加密消息105发送给加密服务器，并通过无线通信链路发送到无线通信设备107，比如射频(RF)基站，中继器，或无线或红外通信设备。无线通信设备107将第二阶段加密消息105传送到加密服务器101。
加密服务器101用适当的密钥解密第二阶段加密消息105。在优选实施例中，该适当的密钥是加密服务器的隐秘密钥。加密服务器101然后由解密的消息确定该用户的ID，还确定该用户指定的作为第一阶段加密消息发送对象的所有接收者的ID。然后，加密服务器101用第一接收者的公钥加密该用户ID和第一阶段加密消息。将结果消息109发送给第一接收者，后者使用通信单元111。然后，加密服务器用第二接收者的公钥加密第一阶段加密消息和该用户ID，并将结果加密消息113发送给第二接收者，后者使用通信单元115。继续这个过程，直到加密服务器进行到了用户名单上的最后一位接收者ID，用最后一位接收者的公钥加密第一阶段加密消息和该用户ID，并将结果加密消息117发送给最后一位接收者，后者使用通信单元119。
加密服务器101也可以从有线通信设备121通过有线信道接收用户的加密请求。至于无线传输，加密服务器使用加密服务器的隐秘密钥解密所接收的消息123，然后为每一个不同的接收者使用该接收者的单个公钥单独加密该结果消息。这些接收者可以是有线设备127和131，它们通过有线通信信道接收消息125和129。
上述例子描述了加密消息的RF到RF传输和有线到有线传输。然而，如果有线设备121请求传输导无线通信单元111，115和119，本发明的方法同样可行。类似地，无线通信单元103可以请求从加密服务器101传送到有线通信设备127和131。此外，接收者可以是无线和有线通信单元111，115，119，127，和131的组合，而与发送者是使用无线通信单元103还是使用有线通信设备121无关。
在从加密服务器接收到加密消息时，每一个接收者用该接收者自己的隐秘密钥解密该消息，并在确定该用户ID之后，用该用户的公钥解密结果消息，从而生成原始数字数据消息。该用户也被称为该(第二阶段)加密消息105的发送者。
图2示出了加密服务器101，包括其输入信号105和输出信号109，113，125和117的框图。在优选实施例中，加密服务器101是SunMicrosystems出品的一台多处理器配置的Sun SparcServer2000。加密服务器101包括一个或多个处理器201，比如本领域中众所周知的微处理器或数字信号处理器。处理器201能够存取加密和解密算法203，公钥数据库205和存储器211。加/解密算法203包括公钥算法，隐秘密钥算法，和本领域中可能使用的其它算法。公钥数据库205包括一张发送者(用户)和接收者所使用的ID名单，以及与这些ID中每一个相关联的公钥。存储器211包括加密服务器101提供本文中所描述的功能所必需的程序和其它数据。用于有线和无线通信的接收部件207和用于有线和无线通信的发送部件209也连接到处理器201。用于有线和无线通信的接收部件207对接收的消息105和123实施适当的解调技术。用于有线和无线通信的发送部件209对待发送的消息109，113，124和117实施适当的调制技术。此外，加密服务器101可以配备硬件和/或软件以向该加密服务器101提供无线方式重组密钥的功能。
如图2所示，除了该用户ID和多个接收者ID之外，用户消息105还包括一个第二阶段加密(用加密服务器公钥加密)消息，后者包括用该用户(发送者)的隐秘密钥进行第一阶段加密的数字数据消息105A。可选地，用户消息105可以包括一个未加密的数字数据消息105A，该用户ID，和一个或多个接收者ID。用户消息105是有线/无线接收部件207的输入，其输出是处理器201的输入。处理器201利用加/解密算法203和公钥数据库205，使用加密服务器的隐秘密钥解密消息105。然后，处理器201由解密消息确定第一阶段加密消息105A，该用户ID，以及第一接收者ID。处理器201然后由公钥数据库205确定第一接收者的公钥，并使用加/解密算法203和第一接收者公钥加密第一阶段加密消息105A和该用户ID。然后，处理器201增补第一接收者ID，从而生成消息109，并将其传送到有线/无线发送部件209，以发送给图1所示的第一接收者通信单元111。对列在该用户消息105中的每一位接收者的第一阶段加密消息(或未加密的数字数据消息)105A进行类似地处理。
在一种可选实施例中，加密服务器101可以在物理上分布成一个或多个加密服务器。在这种实施例中，加密服务器101用与第二服务器相关联的第二组隐秘密钥和公钥加密消息。将如此加密的消息发送到第二加密服务器。第二服务器解密该消息并用接收者的公钥加密该消息。如果业务量较多，加密服务器101可以通过确定直接发送给每一接收者所需的计算量，或发送该请求给一个或多个分布式服务器所需的计算量来优化其效率。这种处理对用户而言是透明的。
图3的流程图示出了通信单元用于发送数字数据消息给加密服务器101的一种方法。在步骤301生成一个数字数据消息。如果步骤303中不对该数字数据消息加密，则处理继续进行到步骤307。如果步骤303中对该数字数据消息加密，则处理继续进行到步骤305，用希望发送该消息的用户的隐秘密钥加密该数字数据消息。在步骤307，确定是否加密该用户和/或接收者的ID。如果需要加密这些ID，处理继续进行到步骤309，将该用户ID和接收者ID增补到来自步骤305的加密消息，如果没有进行加密，则增补到来自步骤301的未加密消息。在步骤311，用加密服务器101的公钥加密来自步骤309的消息，包括增补的ID。处理继续进行到步骤317，将加密消息发送给加密服务器101。如果在步骤307不对这些ID加密，处理继续进行到步骤313，用加密服务器101的公钥加密步骤305的加密消息(如果没有进行加密，则加密来自步骤301的未加密消息)。在步骤315，将该用户ID和接收者ID增补在步骤313的加密消息之后，处理继续进行到步骤317。
在一种可选实施例中，即如果在图3的步骤303中没有对数字数据消息加密，则发送者或用户可以仅用一次加密服务器的公钥解密该数字数据消息，并且如果需要，还可以解密接收者ID。然后，加密服务器用加密服务器的隐秘密钥解密该消息，并用接收者的公钥为每一位接收者单独加密该消息。这种方法仅需要用户在本地存储一个公钥，即加密服务器的公钥。通过这种方法，可以使用单个对称密钥加密和解密该用户和加密服务器101之间的消息，而使用一个或多个密钥加密该加密服务器和接收者之间的消息。然而，因为在加密服务器101中呈现了未加密信息，所以为了得到更好的安全性，这种实施例中的加密服务器101应当是物理上安全的，例如锁定其有限的接入。这种系统的优点包括，它使执法官员能够读取加密服务器101中可见的解密消息。
图4的流程图示出了根据本发明的加密服务器101所执行的一种方法。在步骤401中，加密服务器接收通信单元103所发送的加密消息。在步骤403中，加密服务器用加密服务器101的隐秘密钥解密步骤401中接收的消息。在步骤405中，加密服务器确定该用户ID，接收者ID，以及加密(在图3的步骤305中生成)或未加密(在图3的步骤301生成)数据消息。在一种可选实施例中，加密服务器101可以配备适当的密钥以解密该数字数据消息105A(如果消息105A被加密)，因而执法机构可以完全获取系统中传输的所有信息。
在步骤407中，确定在传输前是否加密这些ID(即该用户ID和/或接收者ID)。如果要加密这些ID，处理继续进行到步骤409，加密服务器用接收者的公钥加密该加密数据消息和该用户ID，以及如果需要，加密接收者ID。在步骤411，加密服务器将该加密消息发送给其公钥已在步骤409中使用的接收者。如果在步骤413，该用户所标识的接收者中，还有加密服务器没有加密和发送消息的，则处理继续进行到步骤407。如果步骤413中不再有接收者，则处理结束。如果在步骤407，没有加密这些ID，则处理继续进行到步骤415，用接收者的公钥加密该加密数据消息，并将该用户ID和接收者ID增补到该加密消息，而不再进一步加密，处理继续进行到步骤411。
可选地，可以一次加密所有消息，然后一次性顺序发送，而不是用一个公钥加密第一消息，然后立即发送加密的第一消息，然后使用另一个公钥加密第二消息，并立即发送加密的第二消息，等等。
前文和相关的图描述了使用公钥加密的一种方法。也可以使用隐秘密钥加密，它使用同一个密钥加密和解密消息。例如，用于加密发送给加密服务器的消息的密钥可以与加密服务器中用于解密该加密消息的密钥相同。此外，用户所使用的加密原始数字数据消息105A的加密方法也可以是隐秘密钥加密，而不是公钥加密。此外，用户在第一阶段加密所用的加密算法可以与用户的第二阶段加密中不同，将第二阶段加密的结果发送给加密服务器。
以上述方式，加密服务器使用特定接收者的公钥为每一位不同的接收者单独加密用户的数据消息。加密服务器比单个通信单元拥有更多的可用计算资源，可以多次加密并发送消息给许多不同用户，其方式比单个通信单元所能达到的效率更高。单个通信单元不需要存储所有可能的接收者公钥，而仅需要存储加密服务器的公钥。接收者ID的加密有助于使接收者的标识更安全，并消除了业务量信息的不良读取者/截收者对这类信息进行分析的信息源。

Claims (10)

1.一种方法，包括下述步骤：
在用户操作的通信单元上：
生成数字数据消息；
用第一密钥加密该数字数据消息，生成第一加密消息；
在第一加密消息之后增补该用户标识和第一接收者的标识，生成一个增补的第一加密消息；
用第二密钥加密该增补的第一加密消息，生成第二加密消息；
将第二加密消息发送给加密服务器，其中加密服务器不是第一接收者。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中第一密钥匙与该用户相关联的隐秘密钥，第二密钥是与加密服务器相关联的公钥。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其中增补步骤还可以包括下述步骤：在第一加密消息之后增补第二接收者的标识，从而生成增补的第一加密消息。
4.一种方法，包括下述步骤：
在加密服务器上：
接收第一加密消息；
用第一密钥解密该加密消息，生成包含第二加密消息，第一加密消息发送者标识，以及第一接收者标识的解密消息；
由该解密消息确定第二加密消息，发送者标识，以及第一接收者标识；
用第二密钥加密第二加密消息和发送者标识，生成第三加密消息；
发送第三加密消息给第一接收者。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中第一密钥是与加密服务器相关联的隐秘密钥，第二密钥是与第一接收者相关联的公钥。
6.根据权利要求4的方法，如果第二接收者的第二标识是解密消息的一部分，则还包括下述步骤：加密服务器用第三密钥加密第二加密消息和发送者的标识，生成第四加密消息，将第四加密消息发送给第二接收者。
7.一种方法，包括下述步骤：
在用户操作的通信单元上：
生成数字数据消息；
用第一密钥加密该数字数据消息，生成第一加密消息；
用第二密钥加密该第一加密消息，生成第二加密消息；
在第二加密消息之后附加上该用户标识和第一接收者的标识，生成一个增补的第二加密消息；
将增补的第二加密消息发送给加密服务器；
在加密服务器上：
接收增补的第二加密消息；
由增补的第二加密消息确定第二加密消息，该用户标识，以及第一接收者标识；
用第三密钥解密第二加密消息，生成第一加密消息；
用第四密钥加密第一加密消息，生成第三加密消息；
发送第三加密消息给第一接收者。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中增补步骤还包括下述步骤：在第二加密消息后增补第二接收者的标识，从而生成增补的第二加密消息。
9.根据权利要求7的方法，其中第一密钥匙是与该用户相关联的隐秘密钥，第二密钥是与加密服务器相关联的公钥，第三密钥是与加密服务器相关联的隐秘密钥，第四密钥是与第一接收者相关联的公钥。
10.根据权利要求7的方法，其中在增补步骤之前用第二密钥加密该用户标识。
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