CN1188407A - 具有麻醉作用的新型药物组合物 - Google Patents

具有麻醉作用的新型药物组合物 Download PDF

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CN1188407A
CN1188407A CN97190342A CN97190342A CN1188407A CN 1188407 A CN1188407 A CN 1188407A CN 97190342 A CN97190342 A CN 97190342A CN 97190342 A CN97190342 A CN 97190342A CN 1188407 A CN1188407 A CN 1188407A
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CN1149072C (zh
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A·布罗丁
R·法因斯
L·黑尔
A·奈奎斯特-迈尔
M·斯彻尔龙
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型药物组合物,它含有一种或多种油状局部麻醉剂、一种或多种表面活性剂、水和任选的一种遮味剂。该组合物特别适合用作口腔内减轻疼痛的局部麻醉剂。

Description

具有麻醉作用的新型药物组合物
发明领域
本发明涉及一种新型药物组合物及其在治疗中的用途,特别是作为用在粘膜上且尤其是口腔中粘膜上的麻醉剂。
背景技术
据估计大约10-13%的人患有病态牙周袋的牙周病。为了消除或控制这种疾病并进一步阻止牙周组织的损坏,牙周袋需要反复龈下机械性的清创术/清洁术。当能够测定牙周带的深度时患者中牙周带的数目会改变。在所有操作的大约40%的牙周刮牙术步骤包括一些麻醉剂。
菌斑在牙齿和牙龈沟上的积累能够在边缘性牙龈处引起炎性反应,这种炎性反应会扩散到顶部方位并造成形成牙周性袋的牙齿支持物损失。牙周袋机械清创术的目的是通过清除牙周袋中菌斑和结石来控制和进一步阻止对牙齿支持物的损坏。
卫生学者进行多数清创术步骤。在结合牙周清创术中主要应用的麻醉技术或者是神经阻断或者是浸润。浸润麻醉或者单独进行或者与局部麻醉剂、主要果冻、油膏或喷雾一起进行。但是,由于局部产品渗透的深度不够或太短的过程,含有局部产物的问题是缺乏功效,并且由于扩散、味道等使得给药困难。
EP244118公开了一种放置在牙周袋中的控制释放药物运送体系,它具有多数离散的微颗粒,这些微颗粒是由其中含有扩散药物的控制速率的聚合物基质组成,所述的微颗粒的大小为10-500μm。EP241178也公开了一种放置在牙周袋中的控制释放药物运送体系,它的组分含有平均大小为1-500μm的固体颗粒。但是,在现有的这两篇专利中所公开的药物运送体系都是为长期给药而设计的。所以EP244118和EP241178的药物运送体系都不适合用于与较小的外科操作结合的疼痛处理,这种处理需要功效快速发作和相对短的时期。
这样,本发明根本的问题就是提供一种药物组合物,该组合物能够在牙周刮牙术和牙根植入中局部给药后产生有效的疼痛减轻。总而言之,本发明的目的是提供一种能够在口腔更精确地说是在牙周袋中以简易的方式涂用的局部麻醉剂。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种对所需步骤具有短期发作和足够时间的药物组合物,该组合物不含不方便的麻醉剂。
发明概述
通过提供一种新型药物组合物现己解决了上述问题,该药物组合物优选是乳剂形式,更优选细微乳剂形式,它含有下列组分:
(i)在油状的最终组合物中一种或多种局部麻醉剂;
(ii)一种或多种表面活性剂,以有效产生均匀制剂的量;和
(iii)水直到100%(按重量计,以组合物的总重量为基准).
在最终组合物中的局部麻醉剂是一种或多种油状局部麻醉剂或两种或多种局部麻醉剂所形成的低共熔混合物。油相中局部麻醉剂的量取决于该制剂的pH值。
在本发明特别优选的实施方案中,该局部麻醉剂是利多卡因碱和丙胺卡因碱的低共熔混合物。
在本发明的另一种实施方案中,低共熔的混合物也是由两种或多种物质形成的,其中这些物质中至少一种是局部麻醉剂。
以组合物的总重量为基准,该局部麻醉剂或局部麻醉剂的混合物的量优选在按重量计0.5-20%的范围,更优选按重量计在2-7%的范围
该局部麻醉剂是以非固体形式存在于最终组合物中。
措词“表面活性剂”是指作为增溶剂和/或乳化剂和/或增稠剂的具有温度可逆性胶凝特性的任何试剂。我们也把措词的表面活性剂确定为包括没有温度可逆性特性的增稠剂。如果在组合物中只使用一种表面活性剂,必须仔细选择并以适当量存在从而它既可以作为增溶剂和/或乳化剂也可以作为具有温度可逆性胶凝特性的增稠剂。如果组合物中存在一种以上的表面活性剂,那么至少一种表面活性剂应当具有温度可逆性胶凝特性该表面活性剂的总量应是以有效产生均匀制剂的量。
该表面活性剂优选自非离子表面活性剂,更优选自现有技术中已知的任何非离子泊洛沙姆。
泊洛沙姆是亲水的环氧乙烷链和疏水的环氧丙烷链合成的嵌段共聚物,具有通式HO-[C2H4O]a-[C3H6O]b-[C2H4O]a-H,a和b分别代表亲水和疏水链的数目。
通过选择适量的亲水和疏水范围的表面活性剂与适当量的局部麻醉剂或局部麻醉剂混合物结合,可能得到具有适当温度可逆性胶凝特性的组合物,即在室温下该系统保持了较少的粘性,并且一旦用于牙周袋上,组合物的粘性就会增长。换句话说,本发明的药物组合物在室温下粘性较小,在这个温度之上,该组合物的粘性更大,对激发局部麻醉剂的必要时间来说提供了保留在牙周袋的优点。粘度的变化是随温度可逆的。
在本发明特别优选的实施方案中,该表面活性剂是一种或多种LutrolF68(它也有名称为泊洛沙姆188并且其中a=80和b=27)以及LutrolF127(它也有名称为泊洛沙姆407并且其中a=101和b=56),这些都是按照USP(1995)NF18,p.2279中所定义的。Lutrol F68和Lutrol F127在商业上可从BASF得到。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,使用了表面活性剂Arlatone 289(它也有名称为聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油)以及Adinol CT95(它是N-甲基N-椰基牛磺酸钠(sodium N-methyl N-cocoyl taurate))。
,表面活性剂的总量优选以高达50%(按重量计,以组合物的总重量为基准)的量存在。
用适当的酸或碱以这样一种方式调节该药物组合物的pH值,这种方式是组合物的最终pH值是:
(A)如果组合物只含一种局部麻醉剂,pH≥[pKa(局部麻醉剂)-10];或
(B)如果组合物含有两种或多种局部麻醉剂,pH≥[pKa(具有最小pKa值的局部麻醉剂)-1.0]。
优选pH值在7.5以上。
由于来自天然的局部麻醉剂有一种令人不愉快的苦味,所以任选向该药物组合物中加入一种或多种遮味剂。遮味剂的选择对本领域普通技术人员来说是可以想到的,但是作为一个实施例,可以提到的是任何水果香味剂。
通过在牙周袋内的局部使用,在非常局限区域可得到局部麻醉,没有引发到很广的软组织如舌、颊和嘴唇得到麻醉,这在渗透麻醉情况时是经常性的。优选把该组合物用钝针涂到牙周袋中,由此,使该麻醉剂的给药变得容易并使患者得到更好的适应。
本发明的药物能够从秒直到大约5-15分钟内快速发作作用。发作时间最优选从秒直到大约5分钟。
对乳剂的定义来说,我们参考ME aulton的《制药学-剂型设计科学》( Pharmaceutics,The Science of Dosage Form Design),1988,p.109-110。
本发明的药物组合物优选是一种微滴乳状液。对微滴乳状液来说,我们是指由水、油和两亲物组成的制剂,其中两亲物包括一种单一的旋光各向同性的和热力学稳定的液体溶液(I.Danielsson和BLindman,《胶体表观》(Colloids Surf.)3:391,(198I))。
它在油相中提供了适量的局部麻醉剂,依次使其快速起效。由于同样地该活性成分已经含有该油,所以不需将分离的油加到该组合物中。另一个优点是在5-40℃的温度范围能够得到热力学稳定的组合物。
本发明的药物组合物也可以有益地用作口腔外的其它表面和/或腔的局部麻醉剂。所以该组合物可以在阴道、生殖器和直肠中使用。
用于制备本发明药物组合物的局部麻醉剂可以选自任何局部麻醉剂。用于制备本发明药物组合物的局部麻醉剂可以选自任何局部麻醉剂。作为起始物质的局部麻醉剂优选是一种非离子型形式。
在最终的组合物中,小部分局部麻醉剂或局部麻醉剂的混合物是以油状形式存在的。这小部分油状局部麻醉剂的多少取决于该组合物的pH值。
目前已知操作本发明的最佳模式是使用实施例1的组合物。
制备方法
用下列步骤制备本发明的药物组合物:
(i)把局部麻醉剂和最小分子量的表面活性剂(如果使用一种以上的表面活性剂)熔合在一起;
(ii)在匀化过程中把一部分水缓慢地加入到该熔合物(i)中.形成一种乳状液的浓缩物;
(iii)如果使用一种以上的表面活性剂,把较高分子量的表面活性剂分散到水中;
(iv)完全混合步骤(ii)的乳状液浓缩物和步骤(iii)中部分表面活性剂的溶液;
(v)用加入适当的酸或碱调节pH值;
(vi)用水将重量调节到组合物的最终重量。
优选将该组合物保持在5℃直到得到均匀的组合物为止。
本发明的详细说明
现在通过下列实施例更详细地描述本发明,但这些实施例不是用来限定本发明的。实施例1        [重量百分比%]利多卡因       2.50丙胺卡因       2.50Lutrol F68  5.50Lutrol F127 15.50加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值。实施例2        [重量百分比%]利多卡因       2.50丙胺卡因       2.50Lutrol F68  5.00Lutrol F127 16.25加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值。实施例3        [重量百分比%]利多卡因       2.25丙胺卡因       2.25Lutrol F68  3.5Lutrol F127 14.0加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值。实施例 4       [重量百分比%]利多卡因       2.25丙胺卡因       2.25Arlatone298 1.90Adinol CT95 0.07Lutrol F127    14.00加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值。实施例5        [重量百分比%]利多卡因       2.25丙胺卡因       2.25Arlatone298 1.90Adinol CT95 0.16Lutrol F127    14.00加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值实施例6        [重量百分比%]利多卡因       2.25丙胺卡因       2.25Arlatone298 1.90Adinol CT95 0.28Lutrol F127    14.00加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值。实施例7和8在实施例7和8中,使用通式(I)的局部麻醉剂作活性成分。
Figure A9719034200101
该组合物在国际专利申请SE96/0136l中公开。制备下列药物组合物。实施例7        [重量百分比%]化合物(I)      2.5Lutrol F127 17.0Lutrol F68  5.5加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值实施例8        [重量百分比%]化合物(I)      2.5Lutrol F127 20.0Lutrol F68  5.5加纯化水直到总重量的100%。按照上述步骤制备该组合物,并加入2M盐酸调节pH值。生物学的研究
用钝端的针把实施例1的药物组合物涂到人的牙周袋上。在30-45秒的起效时间后,为了能够操作牙周刮牙术已经得到满意的麻醉效果。开始进行刮牙术,并注意刮除牙垢所需的时间。在结束刮牙术时,用可见的类似物标度(VAS)方法测定疼痛程度。麻醉作用的期间是10-20分钟。

Claims (18)

1.一种药物组合物,它含有
(i)一种或多种最终组合物中呈油状的局部麻醉剂;
(ii)一种或多种表面活性剂,以有效产生均匀制剂的量存在;和
(iii)直到100%的水(按重量计,以组合物的总重为准)
2.据权利要求1的药物组合物,它还含有一种或多种遮味剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2的药物组合物,其中以组合物的总重量为基准,局部麻醉剂或局部麻醉剂混合物的量按重量计为0.5-20%。
4.根据权利要求3的药物组合物,其中以组合物的总重为基准,局部麻醉剂或局部麻醉剂混合物的量按重量计为2-7%。
5.根据上述任一权利要求的药物组合物,其中的活性组分是一种局部麻醉剂的低共熔混合物。
6.根据权利要求5的药物组合物,其中的活性组分是利多卡因和丙胺卡因的低共熔混合物。
7.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其中的活性组分是:
Figure A9719034200021
8.根据上述任一权利要求的药物组合物,它含有一种或多种表面活性剂,其中至少一种是具有温度可逆的胶凝性能的表面活性剂。
9.根据上述任一权利要求的药物组合物,以组合物的总重量为基准,表面活性剂总量高达按重量计50%。
10.根据上述任一权利要求的药物组合物,其中表面活性剂是一种非离子型表面活性剂。
11.根据权利要求10的药物组合物,其中表面活性剂是泊洛沙姆。
12.根据上述任一权利要求的药物组合物,它含有Lutrol F68和LutrolF127两种表面活性剂。
13.根据上述任一权利要求的药物组合物,它是用于治疗。
14.根据权利要求13的药物组合物,它是用作口腔粘膜给药的局部麻醉剂。
15.根据权利要求14的药物组合物,治疗症状是在牙周刮牙术中减轻疼痛。
16.用权利要求1的药物组合物生产用于牙周刮牙术中减轻疼痛的药剂。
17.一种用于治疗与牙周刮牙术有关的疼痛的方法,它是把含有权利要求1的药物组合物用于患者在牙周刮牙术中需要减轻疼痛的部位
18.一种生产权利要求1的药物组合物的方法,它包括
(i)如果使用一种以上的表面活性剂,把最小分子量的表面活性剂与该局部麻醉剂熔合在一起;
(ii)在匀化过程中向熔合物(i)中缓慢加入一部分水形成一种乳化浓缩液;
(iii)如果使用一种以上的表面活性剂,把较大分子量的表面活性剂扩散到水中;
(iv)把步骤(ii)中的乳化浓缩液与步骤(iii)中的部分表面活性剂溶液完全混合;
(v)加入适量的酸或碱调节pH值;
(vi)用水把重量调节到最终组合物的重量。
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CN102858374A (zh) * 2010-04-01 2013-01-02 帕玛内斯特公司 热胶凝麻醉剂组合物
CN102869344A (zh) * 2010-04-01 2013-01-09 帕玛内斯特公司 局部麻醉剂的生物黏附性组合物
CN102858374B (zh) * 2010-04-01 2015-12-09 帕玛内斯特公司 热胶凝麻醉剂组合物

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