CN1166783A - 用于吸收产品的覆盖层 - Google Patents

用于吸收产品的覆盖层 Download PDF

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CN1166783A
CN1166783A CN95196472A CN95196472A CN1166783A CN 1166783 A CN1166783 A CN 1166783A CN 95196472 A CN95196472 A CN 95196472A CN 95196472 A CN95196472 A CN 95196472A CN 1166783 A CN1166783 A CN 1166783A
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elastomer
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贾恩弗朗科·帕卢姆博
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

提供了一种覆盖吸收性卫生制品的吸收体的覆盖层，该覆盖层至少在一个方向上呈弹性并遍及四周的孔(30)。该覆盖层包括：一个设定为朝外面对吸收体并含有无纺布纤维材料的上层(36)；一个含有弹性膜(11)的中层间；和一个设定的朝里面对吸收体并含有无纺布纤维材料的下层。该上层和下层仅基本沿着孔眼四周(38)连接到该中间层上。

Description

用于吸收产品的覆盖层
本发明涉及用于吸收产品的覆盖层，更具体地，涉及用于卫生产品如卫生巾、尿布和成人用卫生垫的覆盖层。这些用来吸收和保留体液(如月经、尿液和血液)的产品通常用作一次性产品，即，使用后就扔掉的产品。
这些产品一般地含有可吸收和保留大量液体的多孔材料吸收芯。可认为该芯具有设计为朝向使用者身体的顶表面和设计为朝向外部环境的底表面。该吸收芯几乎总是具有覆盖顶表面的层(通常称作且本文也称作顶层)，一般地，但也不是总是，具有另外一个覆盖底表面的覆盖层(通常称作且本文也称作底层)。该顶层必须是液体可渗透的，让体液从此处进入吸收芯。为此目的，例如在该顶层上提供孔眼已是大家熟知的。本发明涉及新式的顶层。
直到近年来，所有或至少是差不多所有的用于卫生的吸收产品基本上或全部是非弹性的。然而，近年来一直希望至少一些种类的卫生吸收产品是弹性，这样会更有利。我们题为DR51、与本发明同一天提交的待审查申请介绍了一种这样的吸收产品，该吸收产品的优选实施方式呈波形瓦形式(panti-liner)。
在制备这种吸收产品中可能出现的问题之一出在准备适当的顶层中。至少在一些形式的弹性吸收产品中该顶层本身可能需要是弹性的，并认为目前没有适合的弹性顶层。改善顶层正就是本发明的目的。
在EP-A-207904中，介绍了一个覆盖吸收性卫生制品的吸收体的覆盖层，所说的结构具有遍及四周的小孔，并包括设计为向外朝向吸收体以及含有无纺布纤维材料的上层；含有膜的中间层；以及向内朝向吸收体并包括无纺布纤维材料的下层。已发现可按照EP-A-207904教导中的改良形式用弹性膜代替那里使用的中间层来制得弹性顶层。由于把弹性膜两侧连到纤维层上，原以为把这三层粘接起来的方法使弹性膜不再可能具有弹性，实事并非如此，这一点是让人吃惊的。然而，已发现可改变在EP-A-207904中所述的方法，使得其实际上情况不是这样的。这种改善具有这样的效果：上层和下层基本上仅沿着孔的四周连到中间层上，这使得该弹性膜至少在一个方向上继续保持其弹性。
因此，本发明提供一个覆盖吸收性卫生制品吸收芯的覆盖结构，所说的结构具有遍及该结构的孔、且至少在一个方向上是弹性的，该结构包括：
(a)向外面向吸收体的并包括无纺布纤维材料的上层；
(b)含有弹性膜的中间层；
(c)向内面向吸收体并含有无纺布纤维材料的下层，该上层和下层仅基本上沿着孔眼的四周连到中间层上。
该上层和下层可用无纺布网制成，其中单独纤维彼此之间很大程度上排成一条直线。在这样制得的上下层中，在纤维线性方向的横切方向上该顶层是弹性的，在平行于线性方向的方向上基本上无弹性。从而得出：不可能得到线性方向互相垂直的上层和下层，因为这样生成的顶层将基本上是非弹性的。相反，通常可使上层和下层线性方向相同。如果上层或下层的一层中的纤维或上、下两层中的纤维无规取向的话，那么在所有方向上都有一些弹性，但要比纤维取向得到的弹性小得多。应当明白的是在完全取向和完全无规两个极端间有一些中间的可能性，从而得到中间量的弹性，且在不同方向上的弹性量之间或多或少有些区别。
用于上层和下层的材料可与EP-A-207904所述的材料相同，虽然不需要相同。因此，例如，两层可由已梳理的纤维制成，这些纤维可以是：例如，日本公司Chisso以CHISSO ES名销售的聚丙烯纤维或两组份纤维。该上层和下层可以是疏水的、亲水的或至少有一个疏水区域和至少一个亲水的区域。
用于弹性膜的材料优选是基于热塑性弹性体的，适当的材料包括苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(如苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯和苯乙烯-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物)、弹性体聚氨酯、聚酯和聚醚弹性体及其共聚物、聚酯-酰胺、聚醚-酯酰胺和离子键聚合物(其链通过离子间相互作用联接的聚合物材料)。其他适当的材料包括聚烯烃材料(如聚丙烯、聚乙烯及其共聚物，具体是聚乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯)或该聚烯烃材料与橡胶(如EPR或SBR橡胶)的共混物。
该膜的厚度优选为8-100μm、优选为不超过70μm，更优选为30μm-50μm。然而，可优选还要薄，即厚度为15-30μm的膜。一种可使用的特殊膜为Exxon Chemical Corporation销售的EXX 500膜。其厚度为50μm。这些值指的是膜的真实厚度。如果使用压纹膜，可具有更大的表现厚度，即包括压纹为500μm。
现介绍附图：
图1用图示出了制备本发明顶层的方法；
图2是本发明一个顶层实施方案的应力-应变曲线；
图3是与图2有关的顶层实施方案的滞后图；
图4是在这个实施方案中所用弹性膜的滞后图；
图5是从下面得到的本发明材料的显微照相；
图6是显示通过图5材料横截面的显微照相；
图7是大体上用图显示出图6外观的透视图。
现详细参照图1，该图用示意图示出通常表示为20的装置，该装置包括两个梳理机21、22，每一个梳理机连续提供聚丙烯或其他适当纤维的网。由梳理机21提供的网形成上层10，由梳理机22提供的网形成下层12。
把设计为构成中间层11的弹性膜连续从通常称为23的卷轴上放卷。
以膜11置于网10和12之间的方式，把网10和12及膜11送入两个牵引辊24中。然后把得到的组件5′导向通常称为25的打孔和粘合段，该打孔和粘合段25由两个具有平行轴的反向旋转的叠置辊26、27组成。起着旋转支承组装件5′的下辊27一般具有光滑的表面。而上辊26具有齿和突缘，其排列对应于希望最终产品5的孔眼。至少将辊26加热到一个温度，该温度足以引起网10那些纤维部分熔化进入网10接触的地方。
辊26的齿或突缘穿透带5。这一步骤同时在该带中形成上述的孔眼，并将膜11热粘合到网10和12上。这是由于网10的纤维被压入孔眼，在这里纤维被粘到膜11上，有时候被粘到网12上。膜11的材料也被压入网12并热粘合到上面。该粘合部分是由于齿上的热量，部分是由于其施加的压力。膜11和网10及12的粘合只在孔眼的四周进行。这种有限粘合的效果在于：该弹性膜能在网10纤维取向的横截方向上继续保持其弹性。这意味着，如已经提到的：当网10中的纤维都彼此排成一条直线，网12中所有的纤维都彼此排成一条直线，且网10中的纤维与网12中的纤维排成一条直线时，其成品具有最大的弹性。
从图5、6和7中可看到本发明更详细的结构。图5示出了孔眼30和下纤维层的纤维32的正方形排列。从图5中也可看出，围绕每一个孔眼30的四周是中间弹性膜11部分，该弹性膜11部分在制备该结构的过程中已压入孔眼。图6的横截面，是沿着通过孔眼30之一的方向剖开的图，示出了纤维32、膜11和上层纤维层的纤维36。图7也大体显出了图6的形状，但是简图。参考号数38表示围绕每一个孔眼30四周的区域，在这里纤维层和弹性层粘到一起。
可根据成品所设定的用途来选择上述孔眼的尺寸和间隔。然而，已发现：孔呈正方形排列，每个方向上每一线性厘米上约有7个孔(即每平方厘米有49个孔)、每一个孔呈正方形且每一个边长为约0.7mm，是合适的。然而，必须强调可使用其他排列的孔和其他尺寸的孔。详细介绍请见EP-A-207904(参考上文)。
现通过实施例更详细说明本发明顶层的一个实施方案。该顶层分别含有上层网10和下层网12，这两层网都是由1.7分特(dtex)已梳理的聚丙烯纤维制成。上层网的定量高于下层的定量，它们的比例为1.2∶1，两层网的总定量30g/m2。膜11是热塑性、弹性体的、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物基的薄膜，40μm厚并有约35g/cm2的定量，可从Exxon Chemical Corporation以商品名EXX500购得。因此该材料的总定量为约65g/m2。这里孔以正方形形式排列，每个孔眼的边长为约0.7mm。相邻两个孔中心之间的距离约为1.4mm。
应知道可对刚在所述的实施方案进行各种修改。例如，网10和12可由具有一些其他直径(如2.2分特的纤维也可以加以使用，并发现也可以接受，虽然由1.7分特纤维得到的结果好一些)的纤维制得。另外，上层网定量与下层网定量之比可以是除了1.2∶1的其他值，尽管优选在1.1∶1-2∶1的范围内。
图2-4所示的图表涉及刚才所述的实施方案。图2示出了向该材料的矩形样品上施以给定力时所达到的伸长百分数。该力表示为力N除以样品宽度，英寸(即横切于作用力方向的距离)。这表明：通过仅施加一个不大的力，在不折断该材料的情况下，该材料可以伸长至少其自身长度的一个量。
图3示出对该实施方案的一个样品进行滞后测试的结果。样品每次拉伸3次伸长40％，每次伸长之间力松弛到0.05N/英寸。该图表明达到40％伸长所需要的力在一次伸长和下次之间变化很小，且由三次伸长所产生的形变(永久伸长)小于10％。
图4表示进行类似于图3的测试的结果，但是对弹性膜自身。图3和4的比较表明：由1N/英寸的力产生的伸长率从由该膜本身产生的伸长率(约40％)降至由加入该膜的弹性产品的伸长率(约25％)之间。考虑到在该弹性产品中弹性膜连接到两个基本上是非弹性的网上，这样是一个相当小的降低。
图2-4所示的试验都在长度为50mm、宽度为25.4mm的样品上进行的，伸长是在100mm/分的速率下进行的。
进行试验来比较两种形式的本发明覆盖层(一种具有亲水上层和下层网，另一种具有疏水上层和下层)和EP-A-207904的两种相应覆盖层的再润湿性能。
在所有的情况中，上层和下层网的纤维都是由聚丙烯制成的。EP-A-207904的覆盖层具有聚烯烃材料的非弹性材料。其测试结果列在下表中，该表中也给出20g/m2压力下样品的厚度。再润湿                          厚度
                     (在20g/m2压力下)亲水覆盖材料                  0.41mm          1.39g亲水增弹的覆盖材料            0.37mm          1.02g疏水的覆盖材料                0.41mm          0.03g疏水增弹的覆盖材料            0.35mm          0.04g
这些试验表明：与非弹性膜不同，使用弹性膜对覆盖层再润湿性能没有明显的影响。
下面给出进行再润湿试验和试验中所用的合成尿的详细内容。
再润湿
把该产品置于一个不透水的表面上，并把2ml合成尿引入该产品中，然后把该产品放置5分钟。把五层吸收纸(每一层具有220g/m2的重量)置于该产品上，把一个重物置于其上，该重物向该重物下面产品部分施加5.9kPa的压力。放置该重物15秒钟。把吸收纸吸收的液体量作为再润湿值。
合成尿
所用的合成尿是下列盐(重量％)在蒸馏水中的溶液：尿素2％、氯化钠0.9％、硫酸镁(七水化合物)0.11％、氯化钙(无水)0.06％。

Claims (21)

1.一种覆盖吸收性卫生制品吸收芯的覆盖结构，所说的结构具有遍及该结构的孔，并至少在一个方向上是弹性的，该结构包括：
(a)一个设计为向外面向吸收体的并包括无纺布纤维材料的上层；
(b)一个包括弹性膜的中间层；和
(c)一个向内面向吸收体的并包括无纺布纤维材料的下层；该上层和下层基本上仅绕孔的四周连接到该中间层上。
2.权利要求1所述的结构，其中该上层和该下层的至少一层是由梳理纤维制成的。
3.权利要求1或2所述的结构，其中该上层和该下层中至少一层含有聚丙烯纤维。
4.权利要求1或2所述的结构，其中该上层和该下层的至少一层含有二组份纤维。
5.前述任一项权利要求所述的结构，其中该上层和该下层的至少一层是至少部分疏水的。
6.前述任一项权利要求所述的结构，其中该上层和该下层的至少一层是至少部分亲水的。
7.前述任一项权利要求所述的结构，其中该弹性膜是基于热塑性弹性体的。
8.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所说的弹性体是苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。
9.权利要求8所述的结构，其中所说的共聚物选自苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯丁烯-苯乙烯和苯乙烯-乙烯丙烯-苯乙烯共聚物。
10.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所说的弹性体是聚氨酯。
11.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所说的弹性体选自聚酯、聚醚及其共聚物。
12.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所说的弹性体选自聚酯-酰胺和聚-醚-酯酰胺。
13.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所述的弹性体是离子键聚合物。
14.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所述的弹性体是乙烯/醋酸乙烯和橡胶的共混物。
15.权利要求7所述的结构，其中所说的弹性体是聚烯烃和橡胶的共混物。
16.权利要求15所述的结构，其中该聚烯烃选自聚丙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯和聚乙烯/聚丙烯共聚物。
17.前述任一项权利要求所述的结构，其中该弹性膜的厚度不超过约100μm。
18.权利要求17所述的结构，其中该弹性膜的厚度不超过约70μm。
19.权利要求18所述的结构，其中该弹性膜的厚度为30-50μm。
20.权利要求18所述的结构，其中该弹性膜的厚度为15-30μm。
21.一种吸收性卫生制品，在其至少一面上配有前述任一项权利要求所述的覆盖结构。
CN95196472A 1994-10-07 1995-10-05 用于吸收产品的覆盖层 Pending CN1166783A (zh)

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