CN1159645C - 增强访问因特网服务器的计算机功能的代理服务器系统 - Google Patents

增强访问因特网服务器的计算机功能的代理服务器系统 Download PDF

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CN1159645C
CN1159645C CNB971945519A CN97194551A CN1159645C CN 1159645 C CN1159645 C CN 1159645C CN B971945519 A CNB971945519 A CN B971945519A CN 97194551 A CN97194551 A CN 97194551A CN 1159645 C CN1159645 C CN 1159645C
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丹·吉金尼斯
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Abstract

系统用于使相对低端的计算机，例如具备因特网浏览功能的便携式电池供电的计算机，进行因特网浏览。通过一种独特的设计提供增强的计算能力，其中代理服务器具备万维网浏览和下载功能，还能将下载的文件变成可选的、低信息密度的形式，使之适合于被连接在一起的便携式和其他低端计算机快速处理和显示。在多个实施例中，连接的低端部件中的数据链路是一个TCP/IP管道，支持TCP/IP协议，但并不支持许多通常与TCP/IP有关复杂扩展。在使用电池供电部件并与服务器连接的实施例中，展示出的电池寿命远远超过由具有直接访问因特网计算能力的电池供电计算机可望达到的时间。

Description

增强访问因特网服务器的计算机功 能的代理服务器系统
本发明所属技术领域
本发明涉及包括软件在内的设备和方法，用于访问因特网上的信息和为终端用户提供可访问信息。在多个实施例中，本发明特别使用电池供电的便携式计算机作为因特网访问的户外设备。
本发明的背景技术
计算机发展的多种动力主要取决于目标顾客群体。例如，一位持证的公共会计师需要运行处理清账、税收、财政计划等事务的软件，而一位小说家可能只想将计算机作为字处理工具使用。这些人中的某一位可能会选择拥有的系统可能与另一位愿意购买的大相径庭。制造商规划他们的研究和开发，以生产吸引目标顾客群体的产品。
虽然不同的顾客群体间存在巨大的需求差异，在计算机开发中还是有许多希望达到的共同特点。例如，无论某种计算机的最终功能如何，制造费用较低都是一个希望达到的特征。另一个希望达到的特征是便携性。能方便地将计算机工具从一处移动到另一处有很多优点，而拥有小到足以放入口袋或钱包的便携式计算机则有着更多优势。
尽管一般要求的是便携性和体积小，能力和功能也常常是期望的目标。拥有这些特性就具有了竞争力。根据一般情况和以往经验，人们会因追求小体积和便携性而付出代价。
付出的典型代价之一是与电池使用时间相关的功能。即如果便携式计算机中使用了强大和快速的CPU，电池的体积必须相当大，而且每次充电后使用的时间会较短。例如，一般来说，完全充电的100克电池的电量只能供执行5亿条指令。需要理解的是，这只是一个大略的数字，可能随CPU、电池及其他因素的变化而变化。
根据上述用于说明用途的指令数和对应电池重量的数值，如果便携式计算机拥有执行开销较高应用程序的能力，例如因特网应用程序中的HTML文件，该计算机的CPU将会以1到2MIPS(每秒百万指令数)的速度运行。如果以1MIPS的速度运行，100克的电池在8分钟内就可耗尽，500克(比1磅略重)的电池可以支持41分钟。
那么，可以看出，随着个人计算机的应用程序和要求达到的功能越来越复杂，要为小尺寸、电池供电的个人计算机提供这些应用程序和功能也变得越来越困难。
有许多方法可以延长或优化电池寿命。例如，电力管理技术可以延长电池寿命1.5倍，使用低耗电量集成电路的技术还可延长1.5倍，太阳能充电可延长1.2倍。利用所有帮助方法的网络倍加器可延长电池寿命5倍，使得一块500克电池可以为这样的计算机供电达约3小时之久。由于5小时的电池寿命还是相对较短，所以小型便携式计算机的复杂运作，例如因特网上的万维网浏览，在本发明出现前并不实用。
此外，随着被称为万维网的全球互联数据库网络持续发展，社会和政治方面的问题也在增长。许多人担心，适用于WEB浏览的终端用计算机的费用和复杂性会成为居于不利地位的大众进行日益增长的信息访问的可怕壁垒，而WEB访问可能被看作人类能力增长和社会及政治发展的工具。
显然需要这样一些设备和方法，使得WEB浏览之类的复杂操作可以由手持式计算机之类的小尺寸、电池供电的便携式计算机完成，同时不必使用特别加重的电池就能使两次充电的间隔达到1周以上。
本发明的技术方案
在本发明的优选实施例中，提供的计算系统包括一台带有特定尺寸和分辨率显示器的户外计算机，一台通过数据链路与户外计算机相联并带有因特网端口的代理服务器。在本优选实施例中，该代理服务器用于根据从户外计算机接收到的命令和数据，通过因特网端口访问因特网服务器，以便从访问的因特网服务器上下载数据和以TCP/IP(传输控制协议/因特网协议)的格式通过数据链路向户外计算机传输变换后的数据。
当使用由电池之类的电存储单元系统供电的便携式计算机时，本发明实施例中的一个优势会更明显。在这些实施例中，电池寿命一定时其功能大大得到扩展。计算能力低于每秒10万个指令的手持式计算机明显可以成为全功能的因特网浏览工具，同时两次充电的间隔时间达到2周以上。在本发明的多个实施例中，代理服务器下载包括WEB页面的数据并转换数据使其与户外计算机显示器的特定尺寸和分辨率吻合。在处理来自因特网的数据并传输到与代理服务器配对的户外计算机上的过程中，该代理服务器还可完成高速缓存的功能。
同样，在本发明的许多优选实施例中，当户外计算机依据发明的优选实施例与采用的代理服务器建立数据链路时，户外计算机向代理服务器传输与户外计算机的特定特征相关的信息，例如户外计算机显示器的尺寸和分辨率。代理服务器使用这些信息，变换数据后向户外计算机传输。
本技术中已知的多个数据链路可用于根据本发明的实施例，将电池供电的便携式装置等户外计算机与代理服务器耦合。这些链路包括数字和模拟的电话调制解调器，以及各种无线连接。
本发明中各方面的元素可以单独提供，而且在运行中相互兼容。例如，可以在不提供户外计算机的情况下，只提供代理服务器，以实现本发明实施例中浏览和数据转换的功能及向相连的户外计算机传输转换后数据。更进一步，无论是否提供代理服务器，都可以向终端用户提供户外计算机。许多现存的计算机，包括那些大众熟知的作为个人组织工具，数字助手等类型，可以参照本发明和代理服务器一起使用。
再进一步说，软件的许多部分也可以不和硬件设备及系统一起提供，只要它们依据硬件设备和系统并与之兼容即可。
在实现本发明时，使用的个人计算机通过电话调制解调器等数据链路与代理服务器配对，而且还可以依据本发明的一个方面，向代理服务器传输特定信息，如个人计算机的显示器的类型，尺寸和分辨率。依据来自个人计算机的指令，代理服务器可以浏览万维网，将从WEB上下载的文件变换成个人计算机能快速方便使用的形式，并将变换后的数据传输到个人计算机上显示。转换过程能使大文件变成较小的和较少的文件。
实现本发明的多个实施例可望得到诸多好处。例如，低端手持式计算机，包括大众熟知的个人组织器和个人数字助手，现在都成了功能完全的WEB浏览器。仅仅这种效果就戏剧性地将WEB的使用扩展到某些人们和机构，否则他们会被排除在呈集合指数增长的人类知识之外。益处还从课堂扩展到潜在用户的家中。在那些不久以后或任何时候都不可能获得这些技术的文化和国家中，易用性也是特别先进的。还有许多社会和文化益处。另外，明显的节电效果是由于有效地使用本发明的代理服务器的，而不是户外计算机的计算功能带来的。
此外，在本专利应用中提供的电视和计算机联合式设计，可以将本发明的各种特性组合在一起获益。其中大部分计算负担由代理服务器承担，从而允许在电视设备上使用简单和低端的CPU。在可选实施例中，节省下来的计算能力可用于其他任务，例如提供软调制解调器等。这些应用程序文件变小也可加载速度变快，这对于未来会非常重要，因为在不久的将来，模拟线路还会继续是信息的主要载体。
附图的简要说明
图1是根据本发明的实施例的代理服务器系统的整体图表说明。
图2是图1中的便携式计算机和代理服务器的附加细节图表。
图3是根据本发明实施例的手持式计算机、代理服务器和服务器之间的示例会话脚本第一部分的图表。
图4是图3所示示例会话脚本第二部分的图表。
图5是根据本发明的实施例的廉价服务器不可中断矩阵的方框图。
图6是根据本发明的实施例的增强E-mail和群件功能的展示流程图。
优选实施例的详细描述
图1是根据本发明的实施例的计算系统11的主要图表说明。在本实施例中，手持式计算机13通过电话线路15，利用调制解调器17连接到第一个拨号点18上，该点可能是一个万维网服务提供商。因此，拨号点18被标记为ISP1。在此布局中，根据本发明的实施例，代理服务器19被建立为因特网上的一个服务器，从装置13到ISP1的命令会建立通过TCP/IP管道16到代理服务器19的连接。代理服务器19也被标记为ISP2，代表因特网服务提供商2。代理服务器19有与本技术中所知的因特网上的其他WEB服务器的链接，而且可能对任何一个这种WEB服务器开放TCP/IP通道21。
在可选设计中，连接可能是通过装置13直接到代理服务器19的调制解调器进行的。可选的是，代理服务器19可以是公司系统中某一个局域网上的节点。在本发明的实施例中的所有个案中，从装置13到因特网上的WEB服务器之间的通信是通过代理服务器19进行的。
在实施例中，手持式计算机13是高端个人组织器，例如SharpWizard个人组织器。然而，手持式计算机也可能是能力强劲的大量商用计算设备中的某一个，其中包括被称为个人数字助手(PDA)的设备。在本发明的其他实施例和方面中，为实现本发明而被用于访问和与代理服务器交互的计算机，从本技术中所使用术语的意义上说，并不一定要是手持式的，甚至不一定要是便携式的。在许多方面，根据本发明的户外装置的功能被置于TV系统的置顶盒中，或直接置入电视机中。
大部分能利用调制解调器进行通信的计算机都能用于实现本发明，而且，在以下的讨论中，术语户外计算机和户外装置都指在任何地方均能够进行基本因特网访问的计算机，无论它是通过或是与根据本发明的实施例中的代理服务器合作。
尽管本发明并不限于手持式电池供电的计算机，还可用于各种类型的个人计算机，但本发明的技术用于便携式电池供电的设备如户外装置时效果特别明显，因为它提供了一种利用低端低耗电量的CPU完成相对复杂运算的途径。这种技术在节省与功能有关的电能时特别有效，从而极大地延长了电池的寿命。
回到图1，在该设置中，计算机13配有调制解调器17，而且如上所述经电话线15通过第一个拨号点连接到代理服务器19上。该连接很方便，但并不需要。还有多种其他方式不通过电话线就将计算机13连接到因特网或类似的代理服务器上，例如通过卫星链接或线缆调制解调器，或通过数据链路的组合。同样，所示的调制解调器可以是内置或外置的，可以是模拟的或例如综合业务数字网(ISDN)的数据链路的。
配置中的代理服务器19是独特的。在传统的系统中，即使使用代理服务器，它也只用于高速缓存和安全性。在本发明的实施例中，代理服务器替计算机13执行大部分计算工作。代理服务器19和它与计算机13的功能在下文中详细描述。
图2是图1中的手持式计算机13，代理服务器19以及WEB服务器23的附加细节图表。
图2中显示的计算机13直接连接到代理服务器19上，但也可以通过上文示出的多种方法进行连接。
计算机13由通过总线31通信的CPU25，内存27，显卡电路29和调制解调器17组成。视频电路29驱动显示器33。内存27可能是多种类型之一，如闪速，随机存取(RAM)，只读或相似类型，或多种类型的组合。可能还有别的部件，但图中不予显示以更方便地示出本发明实施例中的独特方面。硬件配置有意显示为通用型，以代表多种依靠所使用的特定计算设备的架构。
代理服务器19是较复杂和功能强大，用作WEB服务器的典型计算机，尽管在实施例中使用代理服务器19并非利用技术中所知的WEB浏览器功能。代理服务器19有CPU39，内存41和与网络连接的设备。在实施例中联网设备是总线47上实现通信的调制解调器35。在其他实施例中，联网设备可能是网络适配器或其他。
实施例中所示的调制解调器35与计算机13中的调制解调器17兼容。在其他实施例中，链路15可以有多种类型，连接也可能是通过图1所示的拨号点实现。通信端口37连接到通信链路21上(如图1)，提供与传统WEB服务器23的通信，后者代表任何在WEB上可访问的WEB服务器。
端口37和链路21可以是多种类型之一。在多个实施例中，服务器23和服务器19可能成为局域网上的节点，两台服务器之间的链路可以是串行网络链路，端口37是支持多种著名协议之一的局域网网卡。在其他实施例中，链路21可能是另一条电话线，端口37可能是一个电话调制解调器。在另一些实施例中，这条链路可能是一条并行通信链路。
服务器19出现在本发明的实施例中，使得手持式计算机13能作为一台功能特别强劲的WEB浏览器使用，即使单独使用计算机13时不足以支持这些功能。在该技术中众所周知的是，要使一台计算机成为功能完全的WEB浏览系统，需要高性能的CPU和能够执行较复杂WEB浏览和显示应用程序。如上所述，这样一台典型的计算机必须每秒执行一百万条以上的指令。
在图1和图2所示的本发明的实施例中，代理服务器19执行发明者命名为InterBrowser的程序45。InterBrowser将传统WEB浏览器的功能和特殊的功能结合在一起，用于识别和与手持式计算机13进行通信。来自计算机13的命令，例如，访问万维网上WEB页面的命令被运行InterBrowser程序的代理服务器19接收并执行，似乎这些命令是从键盘等传统的输入设备上接收的。
考察以下例子，计算机13通过链路15发出访问WEB页面(典型的是统一资源定位器(URL))的命令，代理服务器19通过链路21访问相应的服务器(本例中为服务器23)，并通过链路21下载相应的数据。于是代理服务器19拥有了HTML和TCP/IP的功能，典型地可以访问并有能力执行一组例程，这些例程在技术上用于支持通过万维网进行WEB浏览和数据存取。这些例程和这种功能是精于该技能的人士众所周知的。
代理服务器19并不显示下载的数据(或根据下载的数据如例中所示进行视频和/或音频输出)，而是将数据翻译成较简单的通信协议并在链路15上利用TCP/IP协议将数据发送到计算机13上输出。链路15成为特定的进出代理服务器19的TCP/IP管道。因而代理服务器19作为计算机13的代理，执行计算机13不能执行的WEB浏览功能。
计算机13执行被发明者称为NanoBrowser43的程序，将通过链路15输入计算机13的命令发送到代理服务器19上，并接收来自代理服务器19的数据显示在显示器33上。数据传输采用发明者称为HT-lite的协议。NanoBrowser还提供链路的交互式选择和显示出的区域的入口，这是计算机屏幕显示的WEB页面上的典型操作。NanoBrowser还提供接收这些入口，将数据包以TCP/IP形式打包，并将这些数据转发给代理服务器19，后者提供能进行有效处理的强大计算机能力。
在传统的WEB浏览中，所有的最终处理工作都在浏览器的计算机上进行。那些作为WEB服务器的计算机假定运行浏览器的设备和程序足够强大，足以完成所有必要的处理过程。在WEB服务器上并不进行这些处理工作。
传统的浏览器计算机进行的处理任务之一是将接收到的数据处理转换成某种格式以显示在用户拥有的任何显示器上。众所周知，在该技术中涉及到多种显示器和显示模式，从相对粗糙的LCD显示器到高分辨率的多彩显示器。此外，用户的计算机传统上必须执行多种功能，才能与万维网有效地交互。例如，音频、视频以及其他的一些功能典型地要求安装或下载附加的或帮助性的应用程序到户外装置上，以便处理音频和视频等数据。
多数通过WEB服务器传输的数据假定用户拥有高端显示器，例如技术中众所周知的彩显SVGA显示器。在本发明中希望使用的那些个人数字助手和数字组织器中，显示器拥有较低的分辨率，典型的是实际使用的LCD。在图1和图2中示出的系统中，代理服务器上的InterBrowser程序45和手持式装置上的HT-Lite NanoBrowser程序以另一种方式配合。当一个人将手持式装置连接到代理服务器上时，他通过HT-lite NanoBrowser程序，向代理服务器提供一个签名，与已记录的签名比较核对。
手持式装置与代理服务器连接时的标识号(ID)匹配为代理服务器提供了关于手持式装置的信息，例如CPU型号和能力，屏幕尺寸，类型和分辨率，指点式装置是否存在以及音效能力。然后，代理服务器利用这些特定的信息将因特网上的HTML和其他文件翻译成手持式装置无需进一步处理就立即可用的格式。例如，对于小的单显LCD显示器，一个60k或70k大小的JPEG文件会变成一张2k或4k的位图。同时，多文件页面被重新组合成单文件页面。这种翻译还减小了链路15需要的带宽和提高了数据传输速度。
正是代理服务器进行大量运算的能力，其中对HTML文件的翻译就是一个典型的例子，使得实现本发明的实施例时手持式装置有独特的工作能力，能完成没有代理服务器时它们绝不可能完成的功能，而且还不用无节制地消耗储存的能量。
在本发明的多个实施例中，带有运行能力在每秒1000条到50000条指令的CPU的手持式装置可以作为WEB浏览器，显示WEB页面并允许用户初始化同屏链接和输出数据到输入区。WEB浏览的MIPs要求如上所示，其中目前使用的解决方案提供5倍的优势，将本发明付诸实施会提供多达2000倍的优势，使得电池寿命持续2周(电池重量为100克时)，而实现同样功能的强大CPU大约8分钟就能耗尽同样的电池。
除了简单的WEB浏览，人们还希望在根据本发明实施例的系统中可望使用的手持式装置拥有许多其他的功能。数字式组织器和个人数字助手的典型功能，例如约会日程安排，列出电话号码和地址等清单，作笔记，发传真和电子邮件等，还有货币换算等，也可以由执行HT-Lite的手持式装置提供。然而目前这些功能都比以前更具有交互性，这些功能需要的数据能通过与代理服务器之间的TCP/IP链路进行交换，后者可以访问多种来源的数据，从而为这些功能进行数据更新。
在本发明的优选实施例中，还支持大量的群件功能。从不同的地点可以访问包含雇员约会日程安排等可变数据的数据库，比如家里的计算机，办公室上网的计算机，或是通过代理服务器连接的户外手持式计算机。在这些交互性环境中，使用日期和时间监测，可以在拥有文件不同版本的装置间建立连接时使异地的文件得到更新。同样，访问权限也是可选的，如果可以设定访问权限，则只有某些人可以访问某些文件。例如，一名用户可以将允许其他人访问自己的约会日程安排，这样某人就可以根据其他人的约会日程安排为自己预约。
为实现本发明，如已将一台可访问的WEB服务器设置成根据本发明实施例的代理服务器，则只需将HT-Lite NanoBrowser软件装入计算机中并通过电话调制解调器等使其能进行因特网访问。在许多实例中，要使用的计算机都有内置调制解调器。否则，必须提供外置调制解调器并连接上网。在例如PDA和组织器等手持式装置的实例中，许多计算机有通过串行端口，PC卡槽，现存或已提供的调制解调器，或其他传统方法装载软件的能力。在许多实例中，所有操作代码都是嵌入，即录制在只读存储器中。在某些实例中，可能需要更换硬件才能加入HT-Lite例程。然而，事实上在所有手持式装置的实例中，都已提供了必要的例程。
HT-Lite NanoBrowser软件的组件之一是发明者称为NanoBrowser的极小浏览器例程。NanoBrowser能通过调制解调器连接访问代理服务器执行URL。从理论上说，可以执行WEB站点的而不是代理服务器的URL，但结果会导致连接不可使用。因为小型的手持式装置不能处理用于下载的复杂数据。
与代理服务器的连接为代理服务器提供了关于用户和用户设备的信息。这些操作在技术上以众所周知的方式进行，用于登录和安全业务。一旦用户可以进行访问，就以与通用的WEB界面相类似的方式为用户提供界面供其浏览。也就是用户的显示器提供URL的入口区域，用回车键或其他方式即可进入。还可能提供包括经常访问站点的地址簿，这是功能更强大的计算机一般都提供的。
开发者迅速地引进WEB浏览的最新实用的特征，比如使用单机的用户通过访问他们WEB页面从而访问电子文档的能力。所有这些特征在实施本发明时都可用，因为在本发明中没有任何因素会限制使用更强大功能的计算机所能具备的功能。
同样，在本发明的实施例中也没有对于代理服务器和可访问WEB服务器地点的严格限制。对于地点的要求不会比对通常服务器要求的更严。在一个实施例中，分布多处甚至跨越国界的公司可能有带有一个或多个代理服务器的局域网，而雇员，特别是工作性质要求旅行的雇员，会配备根据本发明实施例的手持式数字助手。通过因特网连接按照因特网协议提供的多种功能，远较用小型的廉价装置提供的强，而且电池的寿命也比通常情况下长得多。
图3和图4共同组成了手持式计算机13，代理服务器19和任意WEB服务器23之间会话脚本的一个例子。这些数字用于描述集成在计算机装置13中的NanoBrowser，代理服务器19中的InterBrowser的重要功能，以及图解说明实施本发明的方法。
首先参照图3，数字划分为三栏(如图4)，第一栏表示计算机户外装置13上执行的功能，中间一栏表示代理服务器19上执行的功能，第三栏表示WEB服务器23上执行的功能。
在步骤47处，用户启动手持式计算机。此处假定手持式计算机和代理服务器19间建立了数据链路，在图3和图4中由左栏和中间栏的边界表示。如前所述，接口可以是任意一种方便的类型，例如模拟电话调制解调器。一旦手持式计算机执行完启动操作，一个菜单会出现在用户面前。其中一个选项(由NanoBrowser软件提供)是浏览/邮件。
在步骤49处，用户选择浏览/邮件。手持式计算机无需与代理服务器连接即可完全支持的其他功能，如约会日程安排和电话号码清单，在此不予示出，但在通用步骤51中标记为“其他行为”的例外。浏览/邮件选项只是一个范例，还可能有其他的菜单选项。与代理服务器通信的初始化可以采用其他方式完成。
NanoBrowser中的例程通过提供必要的接口对浏览/邮件作出反应，使用户能够访问他/她定购的因特网提供商。在步骤53提供该接口，用户进行必要的输入建立与服务商的连接。
本例假定通过因特网提供商的连接和操作存在。定购者的状态就是代理服务器的状态，尽管这并非本发明范围内的配置。例如，公司的雇员可以登录到公司网络的服务器上。
在步骤55处与因特网服务商连接。在步骤57处建立根据因特网协议连接与本发明的代理服务器相连。连接的手持式计算机发出的初始通信使代理服务器在步骤59处开放端口和建立连接。
在步骤61处，用户通过输入用户名和密码登录，户外装置利用ID号识别自己。在步骤63处，代理服务器将输入的密码和ID号与存储的记录相比较，为该装置推算出签名。在步骤65处，代理服务器决定信息是否正确。如果登录有效，控制转到步骤67，代理服务器在步骤69处确认手持式装置登录成功。如果登录无效，代理服务器上的控制从步骤65跳至步骤71，代理服务器中断与手持式装置的连接。代理服务器等待新的ID请求(步骤73)。
对于手持式装置，假定登录不成功，控制从步骤74跳至步骤53，从而为用户提供再次登录的机会。76行表示手持式装置的后续控制步骤在图4中继续示出。78行表示对于代理服务器的控制在图4中继续示出。
现在参照图4，该图是图3的延续。在图形顶端是延续行76和78。考察手持式计算机的行动，在步骤79处手持式计算机(由用户输入命令后)发出访问万维网上页面的请求。该请求表示为URLWWW.Any.Com，可以是因特网上的任何合法URL。
在步骤81代理服务器接收该请求。代理服务器处理来自手持式计算机的请求，并在步骤83处在自己的完全服务浏览器中，利用与因特网的连接，发出新的对WWW.Any.Com的访问请求。在步骤85处，WWW.Any.Com处的万维网服务器接收来自代理服务器的请求，在步骤87处向代理服务器发送自己的HTML文件主页，表示为Home.HTML。
在步骤89处代理服务器接收到Home.HTML。典型的主页包括至少一个图象文件，通常是JPG格式的文件。因此，显示一个主页至少要下载两个文件。在步骤91处，代理服务器发出对JPG格式文件的请求。代理服务器在步骤93处接收到此请求并在步骤95处将图象文件发送到代理服务器上。代理服务器在步骤97处接收到图象文件。可能事实上传输的文件远不止这些，但此处进行最小表示以便进行清晰简单的描述。
在步骤101处，代理服务器根据手持式计算机登录时获得的与用户ID相关的信息，将所有的JPG格式文件转换成抖动位图格式。例如，ID确定手持式计算机显示器的大小和分辨率，从而使由JPG格式转换而来的位图适合手持式计算机的显示器。
一旦主页脚本中所有的文件都从WWW.Any.Com处的WEB服务器上下载完毕，代理服务器将所有这些文件组合成一个大的HT-Lite(HTL)文件以传输到手持式计算机。该过程由步骤103表示。在步骤105处，新的HTL文件被传输到手持式装置。手持式计算机在步骤107处接收到代理服务器将多个HTML文件组合成的单个HTL文件。最后，在步骤109处，手持式装置等待新的用户输入，例如跳转到相关页面的请求。
如上所述，多种户外计算机都可用于通过根据本发明实施例的代理服务器连接到因特网上，尽管使用小型、廉价、电池供电的手持式户外装置尤其有优势。同时也如上所述，每一位定购者使用的户外装置的相关信息，被记录在代理服务器上(或为代理服务器可用)，而且当连接存在时，代理服务器可访问这些信息，并在为特定装置转换文件时利用这些信息。
在多个实例中，户外计算机使用的显示器大得足够显示万维网上的整个页面。其他实例中，最好是只显示整个页面的一部分，因为户外装置的显示器太小，不能以足够的分辨率显示整个页面。在这种情况下，必须进行放大和移动镜头才能看到整个页面。在本发明的一个实施例中，户外装置还配备了附属的小显示器，以显示主显示屏上页面相对位置的信息，作为移动到页面其他部分的辅助手段。
众所周知，图象信息并非因特网上唯一可访问的信息。在许多实例中，还可以下载音频数据。在存在音频的实例中，被称为“媒体播放器”的软件可以从同一来源下载，供联网的计算机处理音频数据时使用。因特网上万维网的现存结构假定了用户的某种设备拥有足够的计算能力进行WEB浏览和运行媒体播放器。例如，媒体播放器通常随IBM兼容PC，Macintosh或SUN系统一起提供。
在本发明的多个实施例中，由于可能使用处理能力比本假设低得多的户外装置，这些假设就不再有效。许多借助根据本发明实施例中代理服务器的独特能力来浏览万维网的户外装置，本身并不能运行典型的媒体播放器。
如上所述，根据本发明的代理服务器系统的定购者要向代理服务器提供自己特定的户外装置的特性，后者在转换文件时使用这些信息。对音频来说也是这样，所以代理服务器会“知道”某一个户外装置是否有扬声器系统以及户外装置的计算能力如何。在本发明的可选实施例中，提供的户外装置有接收线性预测编码(LPC)音频数据和驱动一个或多个扬声器设备的能力。在这些实例中，代理服务器下载必要的媒体播放器，或预先装载了媒体播放器，而且将因特网上下载的音频数据转换成户外装置可用的格式，作为整个转换过程的一部分。
在本发明的某些方面，提供专业的户外装置用于特殊的用途。例如，提供的手持式计算机配备有CPU，内嵌NanoBrowser软件的ROM，主显示器和为方便页面移动而指示页面位置的辅助显示器等。在许多变化情况下，还提供麦克风和扬声器，主板附带的软件包括进出代理服务器的双向处理音频的例程。在另外一些变化中，随手持式装置还提供数码相机设备，用户可拍下数字照片并将数据发送给代理服务器或通过电子邮件发送到因特网上的任意一台机器上。这些变化的组合为保险公司等机构的野外工作人员提供了非常有用的系统进行野外作业。
在可选实施例中，为校园环境提供户外装置作为课桌装置，它带有上述手持式装置的所有特性，但采取由常规电源而非电池供电的桌面计算机形式。与传统上能与因特网交互的计算机相比，这些计算机的复杂性和费用都低得多，能极大地扩展校园系统等的因特网访问能力。这些装置都包括根据本发明实施例的NanoBrowser程序。
根据本发明的户外装置的另一种形式，是带有低端CPU和根据本发明实施例的嵌入式NanoBrowser软件的电视类型装置。那么就可以通过代理服务器连接以较现有系统低得多的费用提供家庭电视计算机技术。对于饭店这些装置也非常有吸引力，因为它们利用饭店房间中的电视机扩展了现存的信息系统。
在被称为内部网系统的现有集成系统中，日程安排，定购，指令和旅行安排等都拥有了广泛的交互性。例如，一个秘书可以使用与因特网相连的普通计算机访问约会日程安排文件，此时该文件对雇员临时不可访问(例如，在莫斯科的午夜，当雇员们都在休息时)，以及对雇员的约会进行调整。当雇员下一次与代理服务器建立连接时，雇员设备中的约会日历通过日期和时间戳进行比较，并遵循预设的冲突解决规则自动按需要更新。
本发明不同实施例中固有的优势在于，HTML，特定的WEB浏览应用程序和帮助程序将来的更新都不必再安装到实现本发明时使用的户外设备上。这些更新只需在代理服务器上进行。代理服务器还可以根据这些更新升级以提供最好的转换效果。
在本发明的一个重要方面中，本发明的实施例中使用的代理服务器也可以由商业因特网服务提供商提供，从而为顾客的小型廉价计算机装置提供扩展功能，降低通常访问因特网的计算机所要求的费用和复杂性。在这个方面，这些服务提供商的顾客可以利用现存的廉价便携式计算机，个人电子助手和电子组织器浏览因特网并下载和显示复杂的文件。这种特性可望提高因特网的易访问性，并为那些非此不能负担上网费用的人减少进入因特网世界的壁垒。
在本发明的实施例中，正如集成在代理服务器上的那样，提供了高速缓存。在户外拥有与代理服务器相连装置的用户输入命令，访问因特网服务器并下载数据。这些数据可以在为户外装置转换前后短时间存储，从而极大提高户外装置的视图速度。
一台代理服务器可望为大量手持式计算机提供服务，为每一台被服务的计算机提供远超其运算能力和费用的强大功能。目前的估计表明，一台代理服务器可以为100台甚至更多的户外计算机同时提供服务。由于从统计学上讲，所有定购服务者不可能同时使用计算机，那么这样一台服务器可以为约2000位服务定购者提供服务。
即使单独一台代理服务器就可望同时为大量的服务定购者提供服务，这样一个系统潜在的用户量会比单个计算机能够提供服务的数量大得多。鉴于这个原因，在发明的优选实施例中，提供廉价服务器的不可中断矩阵(UMIS)作为代理服务器执行的手段。图5是UMIS111的方框图，其中每个较小和较廉价的服务器113带有自己的硬盘，并通过网络协议与路由器115和镜像交通警服务器117相连。这样一个系统能以较低的开销处理大量的请求而且系统可扩缩并可以到达较高等级的安全性。
进入的请求直接指向作为镜像系统的交通警服务器，使得一旦某个装置不能工作时，另一个能不中断地接管。交通警服务器通过与请求负载号建立连接(超时表示该信息服务器不可用)，确定基于常规基础上的所有信息服务器是否可用或可装载，这样它能直接将请求传给最低的可装载信息服务器。如果一个信息服务器不可用，交通警服务器在下一轮就可以得知并通知系统管理员。该负载将由其他装置分担。同样，镜像装置不可用也会触发对管理员的通知。在采取适当的行动前，可以通过电子邮件和传呼机增加升级。
理想状态下，信息服务器装置就象正好放入架子的抽屉，不需要进行数据恢复。为防止连接中断，客户机的TCP/IP协议会在超时后重试，并会被交通警服务器定向到新的信息服务器，从而透明地完全恢复数据。这样每位定购者的费用会非常低廉。在交通警服务器装置上，由于使用的是镜像，在与缺陷装置进行数据交换后，重新配置新装置使之同步的软件例程开始启动。
如上所述，在根据本发明实施例的系统中，许多数据库功能可以通过因特网连接的条目，编辑和更新被共享。处理数据库功能，根据本发明实施例的系统还能完成增强的电子邮件功能。图6是展示这些功能特性的流程图。
图6的流程图展示的功能，可以通过在代理服务器上或可以被根据本发明实施例的代理服务器服务的单个邮件服务器运行软件完成。此处描述的例程是技术上通用的SendMail例程的修正版本。
在图6用于展示的事件从步骤119开始。修正版的SendMail在运行。在步骤121处，接收进入的邮件。在修正的系统中，有三种文件系统123，125和127用于以三种版本储存邮件。在步骤129处根据技术上的POP3(邮局协议3)将文本拷贝存储在文件系统123中。在步骤131处接收到邮件实体的拷贝作为WEB邮件以HTML的格式存储。在步骤133处实体的拷贝以HTL的格式存储，与本发明实施例中户外装置和代理服务器之间HT-Lite使用的通信协议兼容。
在步骤135处更新HTML索引。在步骤137处更新HTL索引。在步骤139处辨别接收到的数据是否设定了标志要更新群件数据库。如果没有设定，处理过程在步骤141处终止。如果设定了标志，在步骤143处以文件系统145更新相应的数据库。这些数据库的例子可能是约会日程安排，待完成任务清单，项目文件，联系文件或简历。还有许多数据库需要更新。在步骤147处，改变数据库的通知被送往相应的离站地址。该处理过程在步骤149处终止，直到接收到另一封电子邮件信息。
在所示方式中，可用传统的POP3方式共享电子邮件，随WEB页面作为HTML发送电子邮件或通过TCP/IP管道将电子邮件作为HT-Lite文件直接发送到带有根据本发明的NanoBrowser的户外装置上。进一步，因特网链接可用于处理日程调度和上述的其他群件功能。同时，此处出现的与电子邮件和群件功能相关的技术可用于其他大型服务器的功能，而并不仅限于本发明的代理服务器。
虽然已结合优选实施例对本发明进行了说明，精通本行业的人士可在无需脱离本发明的精神实质和范畴内实现形式和细节的多种变化。例如，不同的程序员可以以多种方法设计代码，以完成本发明描述的目的。这些具体代码差异并不会导致明显的变化，因为众所周知，功能以及应用方法相同的结果，可以由多种代码和/或系统设计完成。户外装置提供的功能在本发明的不同实施例中变化范围较大，如上所述，有多种计算机装置有能力作为户外装置与根据本发明实施例的代理服务器协作。
本发明范围内的其他变化还包括硬件方面的。除了在保持与一个或多个户外装置和其他WEB服务器通信的同时，还能执行InterBrowser程序或与WEB浏览相关的程序外，对代理服务器没有别的严格要求。同样，精通本行业的人士可在无需脱离本发明的精神实质和范畴内实现形式和细节的多种变化。

Claims (5)

1.使户外计算机使用因特网文件的方法包括：
(a)从因特网上下载文件到代理服务器上，所述文件包括数据；
(b)通过执行降低所述文件中的所述数据的密度的翻译来转换所述文件；以及
(c)通过连接户外计算机和代理服务器的数据链路将转换后的文件传输到户外计算机上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，步骤(b)中，通过连接户外计算机和代理服务器的数据链路，将户外计算机的特定信息从户外计算机传输到代理服务器上，供转换文件时使用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，户外计算机的特定信息包括显示器的类型，尺寸和分辨率。
4.利用第一台计算机浏览万维网(WWW)的方法包括：
(a)通过连接第一和第二计算机的数据链路，将来自第一计算机的浏览命令和数据发送到第二功能强大的计算机上；
(b)通过连接第二计算机和万维网的数据链路，使用来自第一计算机的浏览命令和数据访问和浏览万维网；
(c)通过连接第二计算机的数据端口从万维网上下载文件，所述文件包括数据；
(d)通过执行降低所述文件中的所述数据的密度的翻译来转换第二计算机中下载的文件；
(e)通过连接第一计算机的数据链路，传输转换后的文件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，第一计算机的特定信息用于转换下载的文件。
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US5727159A (en) 1998-03-10
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