CN1135012C - 在码分多址无线链路上传输无线协议的动态带宽分配 - Google Patents

在码分多址无线链路上传输无线协议的动态带宽分配 Download PDF

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CN1135012C
CN1135012C CNB988074222A CN98807422A CN1135012C CN 1135012 C CN1135012 C CN 1135012C CN B988074222 A CNB988074222 A CN B988074222A CN 98807422 A CN98807422 A CN 98807422A CN 1135012 C CN1135012 C CN 1135012C
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托马斯·E·戈萨基
卡罗·阿马尔菲坦诺
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Abstract

一种在CDMA无线链路上传输无线信号的技术。在会话期间基于数据速率测定结果将带宽动态地分配给指定的CDMA用户单元。具体地说，动态带宽分配算法自始至终作为依据每个用户可利用的端口、用户预计的带宽和并行用户带宽计算的极限的函数进行运算。还提供优先服务、不平衡地利用正向和反向频谱、话音优先和频带转换。

Description

在码分多址无线链路上传输无线协议 的动态带宽分配
本发明的现有技术
无线电话和个人电脑的普及应用已导致相应的对先进的远程通信的需求，这种远程通信曾一度被认为仅仅意味着在专门应用中使用。
例如，在八十年代后期，可用蜂窝电话实现的无线话音通信由于预期的用户费用高已变成实业家独占的领域。访问远程分布的计算机网络也同样是实业家的“特权”，直到最近也还是只有业务人员和大的科研机构才可能买得起必要的计算机和无线通信设备。
但是，现在普通民众不仅日渐强烈地希望增强访问诸如因特网和专用企业网，而且希望采用无线方式访问这些网络。这是那些拥有便携式计算机、膝上型计算机、掌上型数字式私人助理的用户特别关心的，他们优选不通过电话线访问这些网络。
利用现有的无线网络还没有令人满意的可广泛用于提供低廉价位的高速访问因特网和其它网络的解决办法。这种状况很可能是若干种不利的周边环境的产物。例如，通常在商务环境中提供高速数据服务的方式不容易适应在大多数家庭和办公室中可用的话音服务。此外，这种标准的高速数据服务不适合在标准的蜂窝式无线手机上有效的传输。
再者，现有的蜂窝网络原本只是为提供话音服务而设计的。目前，正在使用的无线调制方案继续集中在提供音频信息上，易于利用的最大数据速率仅仅在9.6kbps范围内。这是因为在大多数国家(包括美国)中蜂窝交换网络仍使用模拟音频信道，其带宽从大约300Hz至3600Hz。这种低频信道不适合直接以28.8kbps(千比特/秒)或56.6kbps的速率传输数据，其中所述速率是目前利用廉价的电话线调制解调器可获得的通用速率并且被看作是可接受的访问因特网的最低数据速率。
现在，带高速标准部件(higher speed building blocks)的交换网络在美国刚刚开始使用。虽然多年来人们就知道某些被称为综合业务数字网(ISDN)的有线网络能够以较高的速度存取数据，但是其费用直到最近才被降低到对适合有线服务的家庭消费者有吸引力的程度。虽然在最初部署蜂窝系统时就知道这种网络，但是在蜂窝网络拓扑上没有提供ISDN级数据服务的配置。
ISDN本质上是一个线路交换协议，所以它的设计适合为了维持同步将比特从末端节点连续发送到保持连接的末端节点。遗憾的是，在无线环境中，访问信道费用高并且要占用信道；媒体的特征是希望共享这些信道。这不同于通常的有线ISDN环境，根据定义在该环境中信道不倾向于被共享。
欧洲专利申请第EP0,719,062A2中，描述了一种用于能提供动态分配带宽/信道的系统和网络构造。在该系统中，带宽的交付按照所选定的服务层受到动态的调节。例如，普通电话服务、无线ISDN服务、无线数据服务、无线多媒体服务、以及其他的服务(诸如，影视广播)等，这些服务中的每一种，在该系统内都能借助分配适当的信道编码得到支持。
本发明的概述
本发明借助可用码分多址(CDMA)型调制系统实现的协议与现有的蜂窝信号的独特结合提供高速的数据和话音服务。本发明通过更有效地分配对CDMA无线信道的访问实现高数据速率。具体地说，在标准的CDMA信道带宽内定义许多子信道，例如将不同的代码分配给每个子信道。每个在线用户单元的瞬时带宽需要是按照每段会话的需要通过动态分配射频载波的多重子信道得以满足的。例如，在用户带宽要求比较高时(如下载网页时)允许使用多重子信道，而在线路负载比较轻时(如用户正在阅读以前下载的网页或正在完成其它任务时)释放这些子信道。
为了对特定用户提供不同级别的优先服务，可以配置多种子信道分配算法。可以基于每个用户可用的端口、预计的用户带宽、服务费支付能力(service premium payment)等指定算法。
按照本发明的另一方面，为了建立通信会话最初分配一部分可利用的带宽。一旦建立会话，如果用户没有提交待传输的数据，即如果在某段时间周期内数据路径保持沉寂，原先指定的带宽被重新分配。此外，优选的是并非全部原先指定的带宽全被重新分配，而是至少保留一部分可供会话中的用户使用。如果在下一个时间周期内仍然未被激活，那么可以将该会话所用带宽的其余部分重新分配。即使没有指定子信道也仍然在网络层协议下保留逻辑会话连接。
在优选的实施方案中，为每个网络层连接保留一个子信道并持续预定的最小空闲时间。这有助于更有效地管理信道的建立和拆除。
附图简要说明
通过参照附图阅读下面关于本发明的优选实施方案的详细说明，本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点将变得显而易见，在这些附图中相同的参考符号指的是同一部分。
图1是采用依据本发明的带宽管理方案的无线通信系统的方框图。
图2是开放系统互连(OSI)型分层协议图，说明根据通信协议在何处实施带宽管理方案。
图3说明在给定的射频(RF)信道内如何分配子信道。
图4是用户单元零部件的更详细的方框图。
图5是通过用户单元动态地请求和释放子信道完成的操作状态图。
图6是为每个用户单元服务必不可少的基站单元部分的方框图。
图7是为了按照本发明动态管理带宽由基站完成的处理过程的高级结构化英语陈述。
本发明的详细叙述
现在将注意力转向附图，图1是系统100的方框图，该系统通过将诸如综合业务数字网(ISDN)之类的数字数据协议与诸如码分多址(CDMA)之类的数字化调制的无线服务天衣无缝地结合在无线链路上提供高速的数据和话音服务。
系统100由两种不同类型的部件组成，包括用户单元101、102和基站170。这两种类型的部件101和170协作提供必要的功能部件以实现本发明所需配置。用户单元101将无线数据服务提供给便携式计算设备110(如膝上型计算机、便携式计算机、数字式私人助理(PDA)等)。基站170与便携式计算设备110协作以允许在便携式计算设备110与其它设备(如连接在公共交换电话网(PSTN)180上的那些设备)之间传输数据。
更具体地说，数据和/或话音服务也可以通过用户单元101提供给便携式计算设备110以及一种或多种其它设备(如电话112-1和112-2(在本文中统称为电话112))。电话112本身可以依次连接到图1中未示出的其它调制解调器和计算机上。按照ISDN的一般说法，便携式计算机110和电话112被称为终端设备(TE)。用户单元101提供一些被称为网络终端型1(NT-1)的功能部件。具体地说，图示的用户单元101欲与所谓的基本速率接口(BRI)型ISDN连接一起操作，其中所述ISDN连接提供通常被表示成2B+D的两个荷载信道(即“B”信道)和一个数据信道(即“D”信道)。
用户单元101自身由ISDN调制解调器120、在本文中称之为协议转换器的设备130、CDMA收发机140和用户单元天线150组成，其中设备130按照本发明完成各种功能部件，包括欺骗132和带宽管理134。用户单元101的各个部分可以用分立器件来实现，也可以作成一个集成单元。例如，现有的常规ISDN调制解调器120可以与现有的CDMA收发机140一起使用。在这种情况下，通过可作为分立器件销售的协议转换器130将提供全部独特的功能部件。另外，ISDN调制解调器120、协议转换器130和CDMA收发机140可以被集成为完整的单元并作为一个用户单元设备101出售。
ISDN调制解调器120将终端设备110和112之间的数据和话音信号变换成标准的ISDN“U”接口所要求的格式。U接口是ISDN系统中的基准点，它指定网络终端(NT)与电话公司之间的连接点。
协议转换器130完成欺骗132和基本带宽管理134功能部件，下面将详细介绍这些功能部件。一般地说，欺骗功能部件132包括保证在终端设备110、112看来，用户单元101似乎在任何时候都在基站170的另一侧与公共交换电话网180相连。
带宽管理功能部件134可以在需要时对CDMA无线电信道160的分配和重新分配作出响应。带宽管理还包括动态管理已分配给给定会话的带宽，其方法是以某种方式动态分配CDMA信道160的附属部分，下面将更全面地介绍。
CDMA收发机140接收来自协议转换器130的数据并按照适合通过用户单元的天线150在CDMA无线电链路160-1上传输的形式将这些数据重新格式化。CDMA收发机140可以仅仅在单一的1.25MHz射频信道上操作，或在优选实施方案中，在多重可分配的射频信道上它也可以是可调的。
然后，在基站接收被传输的CDMA信号并且由基站设备170处理该传输信号。基站设备170通常由多信道天线171、多CDMA收发机172和带宽管理器功能模块174组成。带宽管理控制CDMA无线电信道160和子信道的分配。然后，基站170以技术上已知的方式将解调的无线电信号耦合到公共交换电话网(PSTN)180上。例如，基站170可以经由任何数量的不同的有效通信协议(如基本速率ISDN或基于诸如IS-634或V5.2之类协议的其它LAPD(在D信道上的通信链路规程))与公共交换电话网PSTN180通信。
还应当理解数据信号在CDMA无线电信道160上是双向传输的，即来源于便携式计算机110的数据信号被耦合到PSTN180上而从PSTN180接收的数据信号则耦合给便携式计算机110。
其它类型的用户单元(如单元102)可以用于提供更高速度的数据服务。这种用户单元102通常提供nB+D型服务，它可以使用所谓的基本速率接口(PRI)型协议与终端设备110、112通信。这些单元在U接口上提供速度更高的服务(如512kbps)。适合nB+D型用户单元的协议转换器130和CDMA收发机140与前面介绍的适合用户单元101者相类似，但应当理解支持用户单元102的无线电链路160的数量更大或者每条链路具有更大的带宽。
现在将注意力转向图2，本发明可以按开放系统互连多层协议图的上下文予以介绍。三个协议栈220、230和240分别用于ISDN调制解调器120、协议转换器130和基站170。
ISDN调制解调器120使用的协议栈220就ISDN通信而言是常规的，并且在终端设备一侧包括在层1处的模/数转换(和数/模转换)221和数字数据格式化222，以及在层2处的应用层223。在U接口一侧，协议的功能部件包括在层1处的基本速率接口(BRI)(例如按照标准1.430)、在层2处的LAPD协议栈(例如标准Q.921所规定的)和在模式之间建立网络级会话所需要的较高级网络层协议227(如Q.931或X.)和高级的端到端信号228。
协议栈220的较低层次集结两个荷载信道(B信道)，以便以技术上已知的方式实现单一的128kbps数据速率。类似的功能部件可以在基本速率接口(例如用户单元102使用者)中提供，以便集结多个B信道在U接口上实现高达512kbps的数据速率。
与协议转换器130缔合的协议栈230在U接口一侧由层1的基本速率接口231和层2的LAPD接口232组成，以便与ISDN调制解调器栈220对应的层次相匹配。
在下一个较高层次(通常称之为网络层)，带宽管理功能部件235覆盖协议转换器栈230的两侧，U接口侧和CDMA无线电链路侧。在CDMA无线电链路侧160，协议取决于所使用的CDMA无线电通信的类型。有效的无线协议(在此用EW[x]234表示)以终端设备110可以与一条或多条CDMA无线电信道断开但不中断较高的网络层会话的方式封装层1(231)和层2(232)的协议栈。
基站170包含相匹配的CDMA协议241和EW[x]协议242以及带宽管理243。在PSTN一侧，协议可以转变成基本速率接口244和LAPD245，或者还可以包括较高级别的网络层协议246(如Q.931或V5.2)。
象技术上已知的那样，呼叫处理功能部件247允许网络层在节点之间建立和切断信道以及提供支持端至端会话连接所需要的其它处理。
通过EW[x]协议234完成的欺骗功能132包括保持U接口必不可少的各种功能，以便在即使没有CDMA无线电链路160可利用的情况下仍然能适当地维持ISDN连接。这是必要的，因为ISDN原本是为有线连接研制的协议，它希望发送连续的同步数据位流不管两端的终端设备实际上是否有需要传输的数据。倘若没有欺骗功能132，在网络层端至端会话持续期间无论是否真有数据都将始终需要带宽足以支持至少192kbps数据速率的无线电链路160。
所以，EW[x]234涉及有CDMA收发机140回顾在ISDN通信路径上的这些同步数据位以欺骗终端设备110、112使之相信有带宽充足的无线通信链路160可以继续使用。但是，仅仅在终端设备实际将数据提交给无线收发机140时才给该无线收发机140分配无线带宽。所以，不同于现有技术，网络层在整个通信会话期间不需要分配指定的无线带宽。这就是说，当数据没有从终端设备提交给网络设备时带宽管理功能235重新分配最初分配给无线电信道160的带宽并且使它可以供另一个收发机和另一个用户单元101使用。
为了更好地理解带宽管理235和243是怎样完成动态分配无线电带宽的，请将注意力转向图3。这张图说明一种依据本发明可能用于无线链路160的频率计划。具体地说，典型的收发机170可以按命令在宽得多的带宽(例如高达30MHz)内被调到任何一个1.25MHz的信道。在按现有的蜂窝无线电频带配置的情况下，这些带宽通常在800至900MHz范围内变成可用的。就个人通信系统(PCS)型的无线系统而言，带宽通常在大约1.8至2.0千兆赫(GHz)范围内分配。此外，通常有被防扰频带(如80MHz)隔开的两个同时起作用的匹配频带；这两个匹配频带形成正向和反向全双工链路。
每个CDMA收发机(如用户单元101的收发机140和基站170中的收发机172)都能够在任何给定的时刻被调到给定的带宽为1.25MHz的射频信道。通常的理解是这种1.25MHz的射频载波在可接受的误码率范围内充其量只能提供相当于大约500kbps至600kbps的最大数据传输速度。
采用现有技术，通常的理解是为了支持ISDN，同样类型的连接(它可以包含速率为128kbps的信息)充其量只能支持只有大约(500kbps/128kbps)，即只有3个ISDN用户单元。
与此相反，本发明将可利用的大约500至600kbps带宽细分成相当多的子信道。在说明性实例中，带宽被分成64个子信道300，每个子信道提供8kbps数据速率。给定的子信道300在物理上是通过用许多不同的可指定的伪随机码之一给传输编码来配置的。例如，可以在单一的CDMA射频载波内利用不同的正交Walsh码来定义64个子信道300中的每个子信道300。
本发明的基本概念是仅仅在需要时才分配这些子信道300。例如，在特定的ISDN用户单元101请求转移大量的数据时才授予其多个子信道300。在该用户单元101负载比较轻时这些子信道300被释放。
在讨论怎样优先分配和重新分配子信道之前，更详细地了解典型的用户单元101将是有益的。现在将注意力转向图4，可以看到示范协议转换器130由微控制器410、反向链路处理器420和正向链路处理器430组成。反向链路处理器420进一步包括ISDN反向欺骗器422、话音数据检测器423、话音解码器424、数据处理器426和信道多路复用器428。正向链路处理器430包含按反方向操作的多种模拟功能，包括信道多路复用器438、话音数据检测器433、话音解码器434、数据处理器436和ISDN正向欺骗器432。
在操作时，反向链路420首先在U接口上接收来自ISDN调制解调器120的信道数据，并将它发送给ISDN反向欺骗器432。任何重复的冗余“回送”位都从收到的数据中除去，并且一经提取就发送给正向欺骗器432。因此，剩余的层3和较高级别的位是需要在无线链路上传送的信息。
这个经过提取的数据被传送到话音解码器424或数据处理器426，这取决于被处理的类型。
来自ISDN调制解调器120的任何D信道数据都直接传送给话音数据检测器423，该检测器插在通向信道多路复用器428的D信道输入端上。话音数据检测电路423通过分析在D信道上收到的命令确定D信道的内容。
D信道命令还可以经过翻译，以便控制所提供的服务类别。例如，控制器410可以储存客户参数表，该参数表包含有关客户所需服务类别的信息并且可以包括诸如最大数据速率之类的参数。因此，可以将适当的命令传送给信道多路复用器428，以便在无线电通信链路160上请求所需的一个或多个子信道。然后，依据该信息究竟是话音还是数据分别由话音解码器424或数据处理器426开始将馈送数据输入信道多路复用器428。
信道多路复用器428可以进一步使用由话音数据检测电路423提供的控制信号，取决于该信息究竟是话音还是数据。
此外，与信道多路复用器428结合操作的CPU控制器410有助于在用户单元101与基站170之间提供必要的EW[x]协议配置234。例如，借助放在无线控制信道440上的命令发送子信道请求命令、信道建立命令和信道拆除命令。这些命令被基站170中的等效功能部件截取，以便将子信道300适当地分配给特定的网络层会话。
数据处理器426将所需的数据速率估计值提供给CPU控制器410，以致可以在控制信道440上传送适当的命令，分配适当数量的子信道。数据处理器426也可以完成层3数据的分组装配和缓冲使之变成适合传输的格式。
正向链路430按模拟方式操作。具体地说，信道多路复用器438首先接收来自信道160的信号。应在控制信道440上接收信息的请求，控制信息选定通往话音数据检测电路433的路由。在确定了收到的信息包含数据时，收到的位被发送到数据处理器436。另外，若该信息是话音信息，则选择通往话音解码器434的路由。
然后，话音和数据信息被传送到ISDN正向欺骗器432以构成适当的ISDN协议格式。用从ISDN反向欺骗器422接收的回送位调整这次信息装配，以便在带ISDN调制解调器120的U接口上维持预计的适当同步。
现在可以看到网络层通信会话是怎样维持的，即使在没有要传送的信息时，最初为传输分配的带宽被重新分配给其它用户。具体地说，反向欺骗器422和正向欺骗器432合作回送荷载的非信息型信号(诸如标志图、同步位和其它必要的信息)，以诱骗与ISDN调制解调器120相连的数据终端设备继续运行，仿佛分配给CDMA收发机150的无线路径可以继续使用。
所以，除非确实有需要传送的信息正在由终端设备提交给信道多路复用器428，或者确实有正在由信道多路复用器438接收的信息，否则本发明可以重新分配原先已分配的子信道，使它们可以供该无线系统100的另一个用户单元101使用。
CPU控制器410还可以完成附加功能以便实施EW[x]协议，包括纠错、分组缓冲和误码率测量。
在用户单元101中实施带宽管理235所必要的功能通常是由CPU控制器410通过与信道多路复用器428、438和数据处理器420、436合作结合EW[x]协议完成的。一般地说，带宽分配是基于实测的短期数据速率需要针对每个网络层会话进行的。然后，基于这些实测结果或其它参数(如队列的数据量或由服务供应商指定的服务优先级)指定一个或多个子信道300。此外，当给定的会话空闲时，优选仍然以被指定的最小数量的子信道(比如一个子信道)保持端至端连接。例如，这个子信道在预定的最小空闲时间被观测到之后可以最后被撤销。
图5是处理过程详图，通过该处理过程用户单元101可以按照本发明请求从基站170分配子信道300。在第一状态502，该处理过程处于空闲状态。在某个时刻，待传输的数据准备就绪，于是进入状态504，在这种场合待传输数据准备就绪这一事实可以通过数据处理器426的输入数据缓冲器得到检验，以表明有准备好的数据。
在状态504，发出请求，例如经由控制信道440请求将将子信道分配给用户单元101。如果没有可立即使用的子信道，则可以进入调步状态(pacing state)，在该状态，用户单元简单地排队等待接受它关于分配子信道的请求。
最终，通过基站授予一条子信道300，于是该处理过程进入状态508。在这个状态，可以利用这条指定的单一子信道开始传输数据。只要该单一子信道足以维持所需的数据传输和/或被利用，该处理过程将继续处于这个状态。但是，如果象数据处理器426注意到的那样：输入缓冲器变成空的，那么该处理过程将进入状态510。在状态510下，该子信道将保留原分配以备万一数据通信量再次被恢复。在这种情况下，例如在输入缓冲器开始再一次变满并且数据再次准备就绪等待传输时，该处理过程返回状态508。但是，如果状态510的低通信量计时器期满，那么该处理过程进入状态512，在该状态该单一子信道300被释放。于是，该处理过程返回到空闲状态502。在状态512，如果有一队列请求正处在状态506或516中，该子信道被用于满足这个请求，而不是释放它。
返回到状态508，如果不是这样，而是输入缓冲器的内容开始以超过预定门限值的数据速率填充，这表明单一子信道300不足以保持必要的数据流，那么进入状态514，在该状态中请求更多的子信道300。该子信道请求信息再次在控制信道440上传送或通过已经分配地址的子信道300传送。如果没有附加的子信道可供立即使用，那么进入调步状态516，而该请求在需要时可以通过返回状态514和516再次尝试。最终，附加的子信道将得到满足而且该处理返回状态508。
现在附加的子信道是可以利用的，该处理过程进行到状态518，在这个状态，数据转移可以在多条(N条)子信道上进行。这可以通过信道连接功能(a channel bonding function)或其它适合在N条子信道中分配输入数据的技巧同时进行。当输入缓冲器内容减少到空门限以下时，可以进入等待状态520。
但是，如果缓冲器填充率被突破，可以进入状态514，在该状态中再次请求更多的子信道。
在状态520，如果高通信量计时器已经期满，则在状态522中释放一条或多条附加的子信道，并且该处理过程返回到状态508。
图6是系统100的基站设备170的零部件方框图。这些零部件所完成的功能类似于用图4针对用户单元101详细介绍过的那些功能。应当理解，正向链路620和反向链路630是需要得到基站170支持的每个用户单元101和102所需要的。
基站的正向链路620的功能类似于在用户单元101中反向链路420的功能，包括子信道逆向多路复用器622、话音数据检测623、话音解码器624、数据处理器626和ISDN欺骗器622，并且应当理解在基站170中数据是按相反方向传输的。类似地，基站的反向链路630包括的零部件类似于在用户单元的正向链路430中包括的零部件，包括ISDN欺骗器632、话音数据检测633、话音解码器634、数据处理器636和子信道多路复用器638。基站170还需要CPU控制器610。
在基站170与用户单元101的操作之间的差别之一是在带宽管理功能部件243的配置中。这可以用CPU控制器610来完成或在基站170中以另一种方法来完成。
图7中包含通过带宽管理243的动态分配部分650完成的软件处理的高级描述。这种处理包括连续执行的主程序710，并且包括处理端口请求、处理带宽释放、处理带宽请求以及未用子信道的定位和拆除。
在编码模块720中更具体地详细介绍端口请求的处理。这些处理包括在接受端口请求时，和在为新连接预约子信道时优先从射频带宽中最少利用的部分中选定。一旦进行预约，就将射频信道频率和代码分配结果返回给用户单元101并且更新子信道分配表。否则，如果没有子信道可利用，该端口请求则加入端口请求队列。预计的等待时间可以依据被挂起的端口请求数量和优先级得以确定，并且可以将一适当的等待信息返回给提出请求的用户单元101。
在带宽释放模块730中，通知在正向链路的多路复用器622中执行的信道连接功能需要释放的子信道。然后，将该频率和代码返回到可利用的子信道储备库并且更新无线电纪录。
下面的带宽请求模块740可以包括选择优先级最高且带宽利用最低的请求。接下来，分析可用子信道表，以确定最大的可用量。最后，基于需要、优先级和可用性分配子信道。在子信道多路复用器622内通知信道带宽边界功能，并且更新无线电记录，这些无线电记录中记载了哪些子信道分配给哪些连接的内容。
在提出要求时就分配带宽的算法中，概率论通常可以被用于管理连接、或可用端口的数量、以及保持预计的通过量和子信道赋值的频率所需的频谱。还可以为已为服务支付额外费用的用户提供优先服务。
应当理解，比如在ISDN用户单元101支持128kbps的情况下，在给定时刻可以分配的8kbps子信道甚至多于16个(16×8kbps)。具体地说，它可以允许分配更大数量的子信道(比如20个)以补偿在分配子信道时的延迟和反应。这还允许以更有效的风格(即象通常在下载网页期间所经历的那样)处理数据脉冲串。
此外，话音通信相对数据通信可以是优先的。例如，如果检测到话音呼叫，至少有一个子信道300可以随时被激活并且排他地分配给该话音转移。在这种方式下，话音呼叫的阻断概率将是最小的。
尽管这项发明已参照其优选的实施方案做了具体的展示和介绍，但是熟悉这项技术的人应当理解不脱离本发明的权利要求书所定义的精神和范围内，可以在形式和细节上作出各种各样的变化。
例如，不同于ISDN的其它有线数字协议(如xDSL、Ethernet，以及X.25)也可以用EW[x]协议封装，并因此可以顺理成章地使用在此介绍的动态无线子信道分配方案。
本领域的技术人员将知道或利用不多的例行试验就能够验证有许多实施方案与本文中具体介绍的实施方案是等价的。这些等价方案都打算被包括在本发明的权项要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种提供数字信号无线通信的方法，其中所述数字信号是借助码分多址法(CDMA)调制的无线电信号利用至少一条射频信道在众多无线用户单元和基站之间进行通信的，该数字信号还具有给定的标称数据速率，其特征在于所述方法进一步包括如下步骤：
(a)使每条CDMA无线电信道内的众多子信道(300)变成可利用的，其中每条子信道的数据速率比所述数字信号的标称数据速率小得多；
(b)在通过基站与用户单元连接的终端设备(110)和其它与该基站相连的终端设备之间建立网络层会话；以及
(c)在网络层会话期间，仅仅基于需要分配可利用的子信道(300)地址，借此在给定会话持续期间改变被分配地址的子信道数量。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中通过将正交代码赋予每条子信道使所述众多子信道变成可在单一射频载波上利用的子信道。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其中步骤(b)另外包括：
(i)在建立网络层会话时，最初为单一子信道分配地址；以及
(ii)在会话需要附加带宽以维持数字信号传输时，再为附加的子信道分配地址。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述数字信号包括数字化的声频信号表达，另外包括如下步骤：
保持足够的子信道分配地址，使它足以在会话连接持续期内为声频信号的带宽需求提供服务。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述数字信号包括数字化的声频信号表达，包括如下步骤：
选择足以连续传输声频信号带宽的子信道带宽。
6.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述步骤(c)另外包括：
当会话连接期间没有数字信号存在时，重新分配子信道，同时在网络层保持会话连接并且欺骗较低的物理层该用户单元已进入这样的状态，即仿佛有充足的带宽可用于连续地传输数字信号。
7.根据权利要求1的方法，其中子信道是根据服务的优先级在众多用户单元当中分配地址的。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，其中数字信号是具有不同标称带宽的。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中的步骤(a)：使每条CDMA无线电信道内的众多子信道变成可利用的，该步骤进一步包括：将多重正交代码赋予每条CDMA信道，借此提供多重子信道，其中每条子信道只支持比CDMA信道自身所支持的数据速率小得多的数据速率。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，另外包括如下步骤：
(d)从终端设备会话接收的数据在最小数量需要传输的数据元素抵达之前进行缓冲；
(e)在无线物理媒体上为终端设备会话请求(504)至少一个子信道分配地址；
(f)利用被分配地址的子信道传输数据(508)；
(g)在被缓冲的数据元素数量超过预定的最大门限值时，请求(514)将附加的子信道地址分配给来自终端设备会话的通信；以及
(h)在被缓冲的数据元素数量低于预定的最小门限值时，释放(522)分配给终端设备会话的各子信道。
CNB988074222A 1997-06-20 1998-06-18 在码分多址无线链路上传输无线协议的动态带宽分配 Expired - Lifetime CN1135012C (zh)

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