CN1130006A - 自动交互式行为引导系统的方法和装置 - Google Patents

自动交互式行为引导系统的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1130006A
CN1130006A CN94193231A CN94193231A CN1130006A CN 1130006 A CN1130006 A CN 1130006A CN 94193231 A CN94193231 A CN 94193231A CN 94193231 A CN94193231 A CN 94193231A CN 1130006 A CN1130006 A CN 1130006A
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威廉·L·布罗
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    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B7/00—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers
    • G09B7/02—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by a student
    • G09B7/04—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by a student characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying a further explanation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for electronic clinical trials or questionnaires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H70/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references
    • G16H70/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to practices or guidelines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H70/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references
    • G16H70/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to pathologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/46—Arrangements for calling a number of substations in a predetermined sequence until an answer is obtained
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/46—Arrangements for calling a number of substations in a predetermined sequence until an answer is obtained
    • H04M3/465—Arrangements for simultaneously calling a number of substations until an answer is obtained
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/487—Arrangements for providing information services, e.g. recorded voice services or time announcements
    • H04M3/493—Interactive information services, e.g. directory enquiries ; Arrangements therefor, e.g. interactive voice response [IVR] systems or voice portals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
    • H04M3/51—Centralised call answering arrangements requiring operator intervention, e.g. call or contact centers for telemarketing
    • H04M3/5158—Centralised call answering arrangements requiring operator intervention, e.g. call or contact centers for telemarketing in combination with automated outdialling systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2201/00—Electronic components, circuits, software, systems or apparatus used in telephone systems
    • H04M2201/40—Electronic components, circuits, software, systems or apparatus used in telephone systems using speech recognition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42221—Conversation recording systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/904—Telephone telemetry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S128/905—Feedback to patient of biological signal other than brain electric signal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/92—Computer assisted medical diagnostics
    • Y10S128/925—Neural network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S379/00—Telephonic communications
    • Y10S379/903—Password
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S379/00—Telephonic communications
    • Y10S379/904—Auto-calling

Abstract

系统(10)允许使用者发送一连串促动通话，和/或提问问题给客户(50)，来促动特定的行为问题。系统(2)由客户数据库(12)(其包括每个客户的姓名，呼叫时间表和个人识别号码)和客户程序(14)(其包括对每个客户独特的促动通话和/或要求客户应答的问题，这可单独使用或与诸如电子体重秤(38)，嗅觉装置(40)，和语音重音分析器(42)这样的装置一起使用)组成。这数据库和程序由计算机(16)运行，其在预定的时间间隔下，经转换器(18)和网络(24)给客户的电话机(26)发送通话和/或问题。

Description

自动交互式行为引导系 统的方法和装置
本发明属于信息交换服务，教育和个人健康护理的一般领域，尤其有关于计算机化电话系统，其传递健康意识通话和保持对客尸监视，通过周期性地发送行为促动增强通话和/或要求客户回应的一些问题。
现代社会的主要进展之一是在计算机化电信领域内。今天，在不断发展的行为医学领域内，正式的口头交换对于提供行为改进和增强是必需的。由利用计算机化电信与语音识别技术相结合，客尸的行为在行为出现的场所及客户所在之处可予以改进和增强。曾发现随着增强的反馈频率增加，客户对一特定目标显示出了更快的进展。由利用连续计算机化增强系统，相比于通过人来处理，可向客户提供治疗接触或反馈的机会更多，频率更高。此外，利用交互式系统大大地提高这行为改进和增强方法的治疗效果。
学习通过交互反馈来增长，且反馈以某种形式加强学习经验。在学校里，老师要求任一孩子回答的次数是相当有限的。大多数情况下，孩子们举手回答，得到“对”或“错”的答复。如果他们是错的，就失去了他们的机会，其它某个孩子被要求回答。在传统的成人教育和行为改进中，连续反馈量只限于实际上与顾问或在讨论会中花费的时间。这里反馈也受限于顾问或教员与任一客户交互对话所花费的实际时间。相反，附加计算机和电信或广播发射允许“窄播”(narrowcast)交互对话和反馈，在连续24小时内不管客户在什么地方，使对话的频率大得多。最重要的，在成人行为改进的情况下，在该行为出现的场所，这个反馈首次变为可行的。
对于所有哺乳动物，通过游玩和做事的学习是基本的。音频广播或电信是基于听觉的媒介，视频广播是基于视觉的媒介，利用这些体系结构的交互反馈是基于做事或对反馈刺激反应的媒介。最近研究揭示，增加哺乳动物智力的唯一最佳途径是通过交互刺激。我们接受的反馈频率一般是影响学习和改进行为的唯一最重要因素。此外，由接受即刻反馈的学习优于接受延迟的反应。相比于仅看电视节目，孩子们更喜欢交互式电视游戏。他们对长串剧目变得不耐烦，他们注意的焦点被提供快速反馈的器件所转移。成人们在其一生中显示了相同的行为。例如，当购买一器具时，在试用它之前，他们很少阅读其说明书。在生命的所有阶段，需要接受连续反馈是一个人类特性，从而提供基本生存机理，它促进学习和不断成长。
研究表明，学习被交互式反馈增强。那里交互式反馈数量增加，焦点就被持续或增强，从而刺激强烈的反应性，与玩电视游戏的情况一样。由回答刺激性问题所要求的积极介入，刺激自觉认知并集中在现有的问题上。学习和行为改进系统结合快速反馈促进解决问题的能力，模式识别，资源的管理和布置，逻辑思维样式，记忆，快速思考，和合理判断。最重要地，当这些技能被实践在所希望的行为要出现的场所时，学习是更生动的和很快被结合到实际生活中。
在反馈条件下才觉察控制的意义。由吸引客户至他的注意力焦点和提出刺激性的问题，就增加了其介入且导致刺激。当个别的学习者获得成功和立即收到正反馈时，自尊心被迅速建立。当获得成功时，信心和韧性被增强且形成知识。
在历史上，一些个人曾试图通过自学书藉，研究讨论班和不定期或短期计划来自我提高。在最诚心的情况下，故态复萌通常出现在读一本书或参加一个讨论会之后的几天内，或行为改进计划结束之后的几个月内。
相反地，利用计算机的自我调节促动，其交互式地对客户定时询问和对他的动作提出意见，这在当他整年忙于日常生活时会有更持续的效果。它很不同于讨论会和拜访顾问之处，在于它修改行为在该行为出现的场所，在个人的或定制的干预情况下。在顾问控制的计算机与客户之间，更经常的相互对话，以大致相同的方式，如在其它交互式通讯结构中所曾经历的，诸如教育和娱乐，增强了反馈和治疗模拟。例如，消费者对于交互式娱乐软件比被动软件给以较高价值，是由于其提供更大的刺激。在娱乐软件中，一个例子会是某些新的视频游戏，在人们决定对答之前，其运行象一动画片。作为动画片，在几分钟内图象通常就会令人厌烦。但作为交互式视频游戏，该软件激励用户进行数小时娱乐。
总之，计算机化交互式系统增强客户在行为出现的场所解决问题的能力，和在预置目标范围内进行调整。在个人通话的内容中，通过挑战性地加入问题形式，可附加娱乐和刺激过程，这是由于反馈的增加或新电信技术的交互特性。
在先有技术中，曾用很多种系统，试图利用通讯线路提供一有效手段来监视需行为改进的客户。然而，这些早先技术系统没有揭示一合理费用和合适的通讯网络，其采用计算机与电话相结合来提供积极的促动通话和/或由客户用双音多频电话机来回答的问题。
此外，先有技术系统没有揭示利用一些硬件，诸如语音重音分析器，嗅觉装置，CD-ROM平台，与无线通讯相结合的交互式电视，作为客户采用的进一步行为改进手段。
对先有技术的检索揭示了下列显示各种不同反馈机理的专利：专利号         发明者            发布日期3,742,938    T.J.Stern           1973.7.33,808,694    W.Y.Hutchinson等    1974.5.74,112,425    G.J.Zobrist等       1978.9.54,237,344    Moore               1980.12.24,328,494    R.Goodall           1982.5.44,377,214    G.G.Hansen等        1983.3.224,396,976    G.P.Hyatt           1983.8.24,602,127    J.F.Neely等         1986.7.224,773,492    E.Ruzumna           1988.9.274,831,242    W.H.Englehardt等    1989.5.164,835,372    Gombrich等          1989.5.304,916,435    Fuller              1990.4.104,922,514    Bergeron等          1990.5.14,912,552    Allison III等       1990.3.274,933,873    Kaufman等           1990.6.124,952,928    G.T.Carroll等       1990.8.285,008,835    Jackmann等          1991.4.165,014,298    Katz            1991.5.75,018,736    Person等        1991.5.285,023,901    Sloan等         1991.6.115,036,462    Kaufman等       1991.7.305,068,080    Impink Jr.等    1991.11.265,085,527    P.A.Gilbert     1992.2.4
Sloan等人的专利揭示一监视系统，其结合语音识别和无源监视机理。该系统包括一个位于监视管理局的中心站和大量远程语音检验装置。每个装置位于指定的地方，对一个体进行监视，并通过电话线与中心站相连。中心站由控制计算机系统和扰乱计算机系统(violation computer system)组成。中心站保留和分析每一个体的所有相关的数据，并对来自每个语音检验装置的信息进行预置和检索。按照中心站定出的测试程序，每个语音检验装置进行相应个体的语音检验。在一定监视周期内获得的试验和监视结果，按定期或紧急情况，被送到中央站。每个远程站有调制解调器输入，接到话筒的测试装置输入，和接收无源监视信号的第三个输入。按照算法和从中央站收到的命令信号，分析有源和无源信号。该测试装置也有一输出，促使个体讲一些预选的词。在每个远程点中的测试进程，针对每个周期和个体被随机建立。
Fuller专利揭示了一远程限制(confinement)监控站和系统，其具有提供自动选定限制手段的中央站。中央站选择定时或半随机监视呼唤，以避免限制有高的可预知性，自动拨号装置用以传输预先录下或合成的音频指令通话到该限制，和记录根据所选限制行为收到的信息，该限制根据该传递的通话而构成。中心站有带电话线调制解调器，语音合成器和其它辅助显示设备的计算机，来自动记录所接受的数据，包括光学照相机图象和气息分析器结果，和可包括自动图象比较和扰乱信号报警。
Moore专利揭示了一快速反应医院健康护理通讯系统。该系统有自动拨号器电话系统，允许病人在医院外面由通讯接受建议和健康护理，如病人医疗分布图所示。通讯系统包括健康护理控制台，其有信息储存计算机，通过各种通信途径接到医院内病人，和由电话接到医院外病人的地方。每个医院外的位置包括与电话联系的通讯接口，控制台，和由很多传感器，指示器和零件组成的手动遥控器。接口装置包括自动拨号器和自动识别器，其拨健康护理控制台的电话和由计算机可识别的电码来确认病人。
Kaufman等人的专利揭示了一交互式病人援助装置，其兼有药物预定剂量和体格测试装置，可用电话系统与远距离医疗中心联系。该系统包括对许多活动编排程序的时钟/日历单元，药品计量器，语音合成器和识别器，计算机，显示器，和血压、氧气和体温的监视器。为与远处联络，装有自动电话拨号器，调制解调器和电话。
Bergeron等人的专利揭示根据报警信号发送资源到远处的方法和系统。例如，信息处理机访问现场服务工程师的数据库，这工程师被安排对由特定远处的警报信号来提供服务。然后该处理机设法与现场服务工程师进行电话联系，和用合成的语音通话向该工程师提供信息。该系统可执行远距离诊断程序和确定结果，和与已选定的资源相联系。该系统有带数据库的常规处理机，语音合成器，语音系统和自动拨号器。当该系统拨号和电话应答时，其要求在通讯之前由触音(touchtone)按钮得到的识别码。
Hutchinson专利揭示了一称重和高度测量装置。它特别适合于远距离数字读出系统的使用。该装置包括用电缆与远距离数字读出装置相连的重量敏感活动平台。该发明的目标之一是提供适合结合远距离读出和/或计算机输入装置运用的重量测量装置。
Stern专利揭示了远距离诊断用的心脏调搏器和心跳监视器，那里来自一对传感器的信息，由电话手机和发射器在商用电话系统上送到远处接收器。然后在该接收器上收到的信息可用合适的计算机和程序系统予以处理。
Carroll专利揭示了一通用电子监视系统。该系统通过选择合适的组件设计为适合特定监视或识别应用的需要。它提供在中央位置上进行监视，和由普通电话通讯系统在发送信息的位置与处理位置之间进行联络。
其它所列的一些专利是为了给出背景并指示了本发明相关的技术。
应该指出，上述机理和系统不能允许利用各种熟知的方法用于具有客户数据库和对特定人预定通话和/或的问题的客户程序的独特随机呼叫方式。具体地，本发明设备和方法提供独特增强途径，使其可使用预定的通话和/或确定客户的问题。可能在的地方中随机地方使用随机呼叫。更具体地，本发明设备和方法提供独特的增强途径以可使用在一用户可能在的地方的表单中的随机位置处的随机呼叫。此外，不象在上述一些参考专利中所述的很多装置，本系统利用现有的电话技术。
本自动交互式积极促动系统是设计供医生，心理学家，顾问或其它一些教员使用，对具有行为、体重、意志或促动问题的客户，提供促动通话和/或提问。其基本组成为：
(a)记录和选取客户数据库的装置，包括有每个客户的姓名，在每个24小时期间客户可能到的地方的电话号码表，个人识别号码，和以前通话记录和客户的应答；
(b)用于测量和记录客户体重的装置，而无需对客户透露其体重，并用电话传送上述体重信息，以用于体重减轻程序中；
(c)记录和访问客户程序表的第一装置，包括对每个客户特定的促动通话，个人和独特隐喻标记，和/或要客户通过电话号遥控器，个人通讯器，或交互式电视应答的一些问题；
(d)有访问客户数据库和所述客户程序装置的计算机。如果在客户数据库与客户程序之间发现相匹配，计算机会产生一个序列数字电话信号和相应于客户的电话号码或遥控器或个人通话装置号码的信息，数字化客户确认有效请求信号和数字化促动通话和/或所提问题。只有当客户确认请求信号被客户在电话中以有效的个人识别号码(PIN)，或者不用PIN，由遥控器或个人通话装置的广播发射方式来应答时，通话和/或问题才被发送；
(e)把由计算机产生的数字信号转换成电话音频信号的装置。这些信号经电话网络送到客户的双音多频电话机。该电话机被用于回答客户确认请求，听取促动通话和/或回答问题；
(f)把客户电话机发出的电话音频信号转换成数字信号的装置，为用于计算机且被其处理；
(g)持久地记录所有进出的客户通讯的第二装置。
本发明的一个重要目的是该系统处理所储存的讲话信息，不是以普通音带储存系统的模拟形式，而是以储存在只读CD，计算机硬盘驱动器或类似设备中的数字形式。CD盘的利用可使系统迅速和准确地访问文件。所以，计算机同时访问一个以上讲话文件是可能的。系统正在运行的每个电话线实际上是计算机时间的一小“片”，在这段时间，讲话文件正在播放或记录。在运行的电话线越多，必须予以处理的时间片就越多。该系统提供同时与一个以上电话线一起运行的功能，所以允许一个顾问，在24小时内所有时间下，可较其它方法处理和督导更多客户。此外，该系统允许客户在任何时间间隔，较任何其它方法接收更多干预信息量。
本发明的另一目的是基于自呼叫者双音多频电话的键盘输入，进行接收，识别和作出判断，来完成话音应答运行方面大多数任务。键盘一般发送双音多频(DTMF)音频信号，但有时某些电话交换装置采用多频(MF)音。虽然这二种发信号方法不是兼容的，该系统可同样良好地运行在任一种方法。
本发明还有另一个目标为采用数字化语音信号传输通话到客户。数字化语音信号一般由对语音波每秒采样6000到8000次来形成，为准确地再现良好讲话质量。每个采样取8到12个二进制位，这导致每秒必须储存48000到96000个二进制位信息。在电话应用中一般对压缩的数字化语音仅储存采样之间的差值。所以，本系统所支持的语音卡采用称为自适应差分式脉冲编码调制(ADPCM)的压缩技术，其能识别在语言采样之间仅有的小差别，和储存语言采样之间差值的对数函数。结果是在每秒仅3000字节的通量下，有良好的语言质量。
还有，本发明的另一目的为客户程序可指向任一主题，诸如促动训练，教学，心理行为改善，宗教培训，灌输和增强，这些由销售经理、心理学家、牧师、顾问执行，无论在那里促动被每天或定期的干预所促进。下列是客户程序表可指向的某些组成领域的部分清单：1、营养学2、创造力3、锻炼4、减肥(饮食/体重管理)5、乐观(和期望)6、终生学习7、时间管理8、压力处理9、快乐(和意图)10、最佳健康11、相互关系12、节俭/财务灵活性(降低费用)13、冒险/勇气14、新的，平衡的形象，增强的自我尊重(美观)15、免疫系统增强16、中年变化/意外事故17、男女老化和更年(心脏病、绝经等)18、控制或自我约束19、直觉知识提高20、高活力21、精神上的洞察力。
因此，本发明的一个目的是记录每个客户的日常活动表，使能按计划或随机地与客户接触，通过使用电话或其它装置，诸如字母数字寻呼机或调制解调器，日夜与客户接触，无论他在什么地方。如果客户漏掉一次呼叫，他们可调用计算机和由一特定口令来得到其信息。
本系统的基本原理是人们处于不断成长和发展状态。系统通过对每个客户的连续日常监督，在他向着最佳健康，个人成功，长寿和快乐的基本目标工作时来提供促动。由此利用激励反馈的日常增强和引导，该系统能在客户与其目标之间保持组织和干预。
这些和其它目标以及本发明的一些优点从后面优选实施例的详细描述和附加的申请专利范围以及附图将会更明了。
图1是表明在系统与客户之间交互式活动的方框图；
图2A是计算机软件程序的应用流程图；
图2B是图2A应用流程图的继续；
图3是在图1和2中描述的本发明的说明。
依据优选实施例来介绍实现本发明的最佳方式，这些实施例设计得使医生、心理学家、顾问和其它培训者由利用通讯线来进行自动信息交换。对于他们的客户保持监视，自动交互式积极促动系统10的优选实施例如图1所示，包括记录和访问客户数据库12和客户程序14的装置，通过使用计算机16，具有数字信号/电话音频转换器18和打印机22，在那里访问装置包括电话网络24和客户双音多频电话机26。客户50利用系统10，这系统也可结合由电话网络26运行的下列部件来加强：运行传真机32的计算机打印机的调制解调器30，字母数字寻呼机34，双向交互式通话显示36，电子秤38，嗅觉装置40，语音重音分析器42，交互式电视系统44，EEG图测量和记录仪46，个人专论，III级交互式图象，光盘，即CD-ROM，和蜂窝电话。
在优选实施例中客户数据库12包括在CD播放机上播放的CD盘，其与计算机16的接口如图1所示。然而，其它数据库记录和播放装置也可利用。这些装置包括(但不限于)卡式带，其由卡式带播放机或光盘和光盘播放装置播放到计算机。客户数据库包括对每个客户50，客户的姓名，他们的周、天和小时的呼叫表，每个客户的个人识别码(PIN)，和以前通话记录。
在优选的实施例中客户程序表也由CD播放机或其它记录和播放装置来记录和播放，如上面对客户数据库12的描述，且被连接到计算机和电话网络24，如图1所示。客户程序表14被特别设计服务于许多特定客户，程序14可包括许多对帮助特定行为问题必需的促动和增强通话。促动和增强通话被设计于以特定或随机次数提供治疗干预，特别是在要修正的行为出现的地方提供治疗干预。在行为增强的领域中曾发现即使在最佳意图下，通常在读一本书或参加一讨论会后几个月内，或在行为改进程序结束之后几个月内，会故态复萌。因此，由定期或随机地传送行为促动和增强通话，行为改进程序可继续引向可医治的结果。
除了通话之外或结合通话，系统10也设计于可发送客户行为改进提问。这些问题由客户，在双音多频电话机26键盘上按下特定键回答。这对问题的回答由客户的医生或培训者来分析，找出本质问题和确定下一串通话和/或提问，它们在下一个发送周期要被送到客户50。所有通话，提问和客户对问题的回答以及时间，日期，每次通话用时和客户50记入的特征音调，被保留在永久的值班记录或由打印机22记录，这打印机直接与计算机16相连，如图1所示。
电话本来就是双向对话的，且因为其广泛应用，它几乎被所有客户放在舒适区域。电话也是费用合理、对客户和呼叫者均为方便的。此外，社会学习理论认为教育实行在行为发生的环境中将有最大效果。因此，在家里或在工作地点以电话商讨，相比于直接门诊有更大的行为效果。对因为他们的身体状态，距离或有精神异常，使得不允许面对面接触，而不能去诊所的客户，电话就是商讨的唯一装置。由在客户的移动或蜂窝电话58上与其通话，对忙碌的客户也能提供行为增强，和增加在行为出现的地方促动可予提供的场合。
客户数据库12和客户程序14与计算机16相接，在优选的实施例中由IBM-AT兼容计算机16组成，它至少有80386处理器。客户数据库12和客户程序14如上所述，被储存在外部，如图1所示。然而，这些单元也可储存在计算机16内的硬盘中或其它大容量介质储存器件中，诸如CD-ROM或可更换存储器件。计算机16包括对话D414线语言卡16A，具有实时时钟16B和逻辑网络16C，由系统软件16D操作运行。
对话卡16A允许采用语言压缩技术，它抽取语言采样之间的小差值和储存语言采样之间差值的对数函数。该技术在每秒仅3000字节下，导致良好语言质量。实时时钟16B对要从客户数据库12和客户程序14访问的特定客户，设置和选择合适的时间。逻辑网络16C提供确定在数据库12中储存的客户与在客户程序14中的是否匹配所必需的逻辑。系统软件16D提供使系统10与逻辑网络16C结合的算法。软件2的运行步骤和源码格式列在美国申请No.08/112,955的附录1中，其提交在1993年8月30日，标题为一种自动交互式行为指导系统的方法及其装置(Method and Apparatus for an Automated andInteractive Behavioral Guidance System)，现已被批准。
如图2所示，计算机程序设置客户数据库和将其定到计算机时钟时间。在一典型运行序列中，计算机16在预定的周和时间下，选取客户数据库12和客户程序14。如在客户数据库12和程序14之间发现是匹配的，那么计算机16经逻辑网络16C，顺序产生数字电话号码和数字客户确认请求信号。
这二个信号均被加到数字信号/电话音频信号转换器18。它包括接收和把计算机16来的数字信号转换成电话音频信号的电路装置，该信号相应于客户的电话号码和个人确认号码，转换器18也可设计为包括电话号码重拨电路和随机电话号码拨号器电路。重拨电路使客户的繁忙电话号码可以可选择的时间间隔自动地重拨。随机号码拨号器能使客户数据库12中所存的客户电话号码随机地选出和呼叫。
从数字信号/电话音频信号转换器18，电话音频信号被加到电话网络24，如图1所示。网络24转发该音频信号到客户的双音多频电话机26，从那里客户50可应答电话26，并对上述请求作出响应，提供个人识别号码。客户50，通过在电话机26的键盘上按下特殊的键应答。如果客户50以有效的号码应答，它经电话网络24，通过转换器18送到计算机16中的逻辑网络16C。在收到该有效号码之后，逻辑网络16C能使客户程序14把要发送的通话和/或提问的音频信号经电话网络24送到客户的电话26，在那里客户50可接到通话和回答问题。
用在优选实施例中的电话网络24由当地电话公司运行。然而，如果希望闭路运行，诸如在一封闭区域或建筑物的范围内，可使用私人电话网络。在上述任一情况下，客户双音多频电话机26可硬件连接到电话网络24，或可用射频或卫星通信线路上的移动式蜂窝电话58。通过在客户的移动电话58上与客户50通话，在很多情况下，促动通话可送到该行为正在发生的地方，那时该通话得到最大效果。也如图1中点线所示，代替用电话机26与初始客户接触，可用调制解调器30，字母数字传呼机34，双向交互式计算机触发的通话显示36或其它类似设备。如果利用调制解调器30，它可直接连到计算机打印机或传真机(FAX)32。在该客户报警介质中，在客户50接收促动通话或提问之后，他可在双音多频电话26上用特定的计算机访问电话号码呼叫计算机16。同样，如果利用字母数字传呼机34，客户可如上述进行反应。利用双向对话通话显示36更可以包括图形的通话和提问提供增强的客户联系。经电话网络24和数码/电话音频信号转换器18，显示器36直接与计算机16相连。同样，可利用交互式电视系统44，在那里定制的广播可由单个的客户或整体用户所应答，提供对单个的定制指令的低花费的替代装置。除了或代替交互式电视44之外，可使用包含视盘播放机和与微机相连的监视器的交互式视盘系统54。
利用光盘或CD-ROM56时，设想一种基于计算机的信息记录系统，其中客户50通过利用加密码记录设备仅对客户50希望接受的治疗量予以填报记录。
促动行为通话和对客户提问也可结合辅助设备来应用，以增强对客户的通话和提问。例如，在减轻体重的领域中，电子秤38可用来及时提供客户的重量，以确定在报告周期内体重是否已减轻或增加。如图1所示，电子秤被接到普通电话线，结合运行系统自动拨电话号码和发送数字化的站在秤38上客户50的体重到客户程序14和数据库12，以后按照体重减轻程序进行分析。
秤38防止客户50发觉他们的每天体重起伏。这符合于人类促动行为理论新观点，该理论允许观察者或指导者通过放在远程的计算机16周期性地观察客户的体重，并能根据他们的体重趋势或平均值，和其它设备诸如葡萄糖监视，血压，心率和胆固醇监视经常地引导客户50。
Mori和Morey在1991年发表的研究表明，抑郁或自尊心较差的个体更可能有脆弱的或消极的误解的体形(The vulnerable bodyimage of females with feelings of depression，Journal ofResearch in Personality，vol.25，343-354)。此外，Nelson和Craighead的1977年研究(Selective recall of positive andnegative feedback，self-control behaviors，and depressionJournal of Abnormal Psychology，vol.86，379-388)，认为抑郁误解环境以这样的方式输入，即他们一贯地得出否定的结论，因为抑郁的人“滤掉”一定量积极反馈和特别敏感于消极反馈，所以控制或限制消极反馈(即重量读数)的频率是重要的。
秤38在外形上没有任何可见的测量显示，和可制成平的地席形状，由利用应变片技术或类似物放置在客户住房的各个房间内。虽然在附图中没有显示，可想象秤38放在电冰箱门的前面，在那里客户取食物之前就以一定时间间隔测量客户的体重。
另一个优选的实施例，如图1所示，是利用嗅觉装置40，其对客户50提供许多不同的气味，以结合每天电话对话用于记忆。研究人员已成功地训练动物认识若干不同气味，且当其闻到时表现出特殊方式，例如当它们舐或嘴嚼来盼望食物或水，如由W.J.Freeman报导的(The physiology of perception，Scientific American，78-85，February，1991)。A.Cann和D.A.Ross的较新研究(Olfac-tory stimuli as context cues in human memory，AmericanJournal of Psychology，91-102，1989)表明，嗅觉作为事物来龙去脉的提示，当配合学习经验时，以后可用于产生这所学行为的更有效实施。事实上，客户50可携带适当的嗅觉激励源40以在实施结束的关键时刻释放，由此由提供访问提示(这在某种意义上在先有技术中未被教授)，来增强促动训练。
1990年耶鲁大学Frank R.Schab的研究(“Odors and the re-membrance of things past”发表在Journal of ExperimentalPsychology：Learning，Memory and Cognition，Vol.16，648-655)，更证明气味可有效地利用作为记忆恢复提示，来增强学习和实施。这是符合Tulving和Thompson的“编码特性假设”(“Encod-ing specifity and retrieval processes in episodic memory”Psychologica Review，Vol.80，352-372，1973)，其指出刺激(即嗅觉提示)与学习目标信息一起被编码和作为对目标信息恢复的记忆提示。
还有另一个如图1所示的优选具体装置，结合使用语音重音分析器42，其提供讲话者语音重点由平的数字值评价，来监视在行为促动增强提问期间客户的应答。D.O′Hair和M.J.Cody的研究“Gender and vocal stress differences during truthful anddeception information sequences，”Human Relations，Vol.40，1-14，(1987)表明，语音重音分析器可客观地和不引人注目地用于检测发音重音的伪装迹象。如果客户50知道他的真实性正被检验和他的应答在作去伪分析，他将受到更大的促动来坚持程序14，和因此更迅速地向一特殊目标进展。此外，利用该方式可减少通常碰到的自我伪装。
另一个优选具体装置结合利EEG测量和记录装置46，其可在客户50的面前，或在某远处，靠利用调制解调器发射表示各种脑波状态的信号，评定催眠灵敏度。行为研究表明，当容易受到诸如催眠、松弛和沉思的行为干预方法影响时，脑电图中α活性就增加。此外，治疗精神病的药品研究表明，增大的和同步的α活性是所有主要镇静剂的特性。1972年G.A.Ulett，S.Akpinar和T.M.Itil的研究(“Quantative EEG analysis during hypnosis，“Electroencephaloqraphy and Clinical Neurophysiology，Vol.33，361-368)报导在安眠与醒着的状态之间脑电图的明显差别，所有被催眠者在安眠状态下经受增大的α活性。在该模式中，计算机16接收和分析信号，然后能相应于客户50脑波状态来调整干预。
另一个列在图1中的优选的实施例是促动增强和引导的计算机系统，其可适用于交互式电视44的各种方式。其提供定制指令，学习和促动催促的特点和提示，常常在行为出现的场合，提供定向交互式学习和行为促动的独特途径。利用交互式电视44，计算机驱动的系统把传统的广播形式转换成定制的“窄播”，那里学习者的班组或个别的用户，按照他们的不用特殊类别的个别号被编址，每个顺序地回答对问题或终端设备定时询问的个别特殊应答，然后其被记录在客户数据库12中。这应用成为可能，因为用纤维光导电缆有较大数目的通道，便于双向对话。
预计可利用三种独立的从计算机传输的方式：
(1)纤维光导电缆双向通讯-计算机传输可出现在用户的屏幕上且他会通过遥控装置或利用纤维光导电缆用电话依次回答。计算机会接收他的返回传输和相应地记录在存储元件中。基于客户在特定时间间隔上的反应，借助于电话可实现周期的和较细调节的跟随增强。
(2)同轴电缆-因为现有的同轴电缆系统可传递比普通电话线多几百倍的数据，附属的计算机驱动系统可传递学习，促动和增强在现有的同轴电缆系统上给用户班组和用户可利用包含计算机硬件的摇控装置在电缆上回答。另一方面，遥控装置可包括调制解调器在电话线上回答。
(3)无线电缆-没有电缆的用户接收信号，在定域发射情况中借助于天线，或在卫星传送情况下借助于抛物面天线。该传送可包含计算机驱动的学习，促动和增强。用户可由电话回答。
在每个传送方式中，用户可想起一种借助于电话26或这里所述的无线电遥控装置34，即将到来的传送。另外，在任一种上述对话情况下，可利用说明性的小册子，作为进一步增强客户50引向特定目标的方法。在当今技术和管理基础结构情况下，对回答式电视的程序设计仍会保持其目前的模拟形式和一特殊装置，通常是在电视机顶上加上远程定位的控制器盒，可使看电视者浏览数据流和操作在电视屏幕上出现的内容。藉助于数码和压缩技术(压缩六个或以上数码通道在相同带宽成一个模拟通道)，机顶上盒子可用于实时视频和音频信号解码和解压缩。
另一个优选的实施例是利用基于计算机的信息计量系统，其利用光盘56作为传输和储存介质，译成密码来保护数据和计量使客户在按每个图象或每二进制位信息支付基础上来使用。编码-计量装置可利用数字技术和通过蜂窝电话，无线电缆传输，交互式电视和CD-ROM来实现。信息将以编成密码形式分配给用户。在用户免费浏览菜单或目录之后，选出所需的项目，编码-计量装置将译出所要求的信息，记录那些数据被利用，被谁和对什么问题或主题，和将允许用户仅对所用的数据付帐。在解码之前，这信息将是不可读或不可听的，且用户会被基于所选的信息位数来收费。计量集成电路块或计算机板将用于计量数据，正如电表跟踪功率所要求的。信息可以全文字声音的或图象形式来检索。译码程序留有多少个数据被译码，和可从预付的信用卡中扣除它的费用的踪迹，这信用卡储存在集成电路块上，作为支付的一种形式。编码-计量技术可利用基于Microsoft Windows的应用，以熟悉的图形界面和用户习惯的菜单系统，且可应用于各种计算机平台。
另一个优选实施例是利用CD-ROM56(具有只读存储器的CD盘)类似于数字音频CD盘的高密度储存和递送介质，其以数字形式储存大量数据。每个CD-ROM56将保存约600兆字节数据，等效于约100英尺长的书架，其带有全文索引.CD-ROM56提供最快和最方便途径来从大数据库里访问材料。然而，最新的CD-ROM系统要求用户购买CD-ROM上整个数据库。相反，利用编码技术和计量允许申请人以很少费用或免费分发每个CD-ROM，然后用户仅需对实际所用的信息付费。CD-ROM56可利用标准的以及移动式CDROM播放机，允许用户在任何地方即时访问材料。
还有另一个列在图1上的优选的实施例是利用专论或“书籍治疗法”52作为声音、图象和亲自反馈的助手。在研究妇女体重减轻计划中，发现可以利用书面广告传单改进自尊心、肯定性，对身材的看法，和关于体重控制的自我功效。(A.J.Blair，V.J.Lewis，and D.A.Booth，“Response to leaflets about eating and shapeby women concerned about their weight，”Behavioural Psycho-therapy，Vol.20，279-296，1992)。
另一个优选实施例是利用交互式视频系统54来加速学习过程。交互式视盘54系统指的是视盘播放机和监视器结合微机，从而允许控制程序14的进展。先有技术系统能力较低，主要上是由于计算机记忆能力差。这些早先的技能系统按比例地减少用户控制和对话性。研究表明，在交互式视频系统54情况下，有效的学习会在以较传统装置进行同样内容所要求时间的1/3到1/2内实现。(G.Kearsleyand J.Frost，March，1985，“Design factors for successfulvideodisc-based instruction，”Educational Technology，7-13)。对利用交互式视频技术(IVT)的积极性的学生反映报导在文献：(L.Jones and S.G.Smith，March，1989，“Lights，camera，reac-tion！The interactive videodisc：A tool for teaching Chem-istry，”T.H.E.Journal，16(7)，78-85)，IVT特别适合于学习和行为改进：学习实现在没有监视和鉴定的环境中，用户有自由犯错误，且有自由观察他们的决定的后果，并有自由利用解决问题策略进行正确的行动。加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的Marion Diamond博士曾报导，基于对鼠的广泛实验，大脑皮层的结构和能力通过丰富知觉的环境，在一生中可予改变，她得出结论，如果对我们的大脑提供正确的鼓励和环境，随着年龄增大我们可实际上变得更聪明。实际上，更新的学习理论和最近的脑研究强调在他或她的自己学习创造中，主动的、准许学习者完全参与和对话的重要性。
虽然没有列出，但可予想象的另一个优选的实施例是在多面行为改进程序中应用变化的螺旋形或分级模式。研究者James Proch-aska，Carlo DiClemente和John Norcross曾建立变化的螺旋形模型，其把在非线性结构中的变化过程概念化。他们的研究显示，在具有嗜好行为的个体中故态复萌是规律而不是例外。所以，由把故态复萌认为是上述过程中一正常阶段，他们的模型认为故态复萌不过是一暂时挫折和大多数故态复萌者没有全部倒退回他们开始的地方。而是他们利用故态复萌作为学习经验，在螺旋形过程变化中，达到更新高度和向前运动。变化的螺旋形模型描述变化的循环由5个或更多的不同阶段组成，Prochaska等人曾发现，每个这些阶段由一组特定行为典型来表征。成功变化的可能似乎直接与在螺旋形上个体的位置有关(即在这模型中特定的阶段)。诚然，由于专业性干预，病人所作的进展往往与他们处在治疗的开始阶段有关。
如由Prochaska等人概述的，结合变化的过程和阶段建立多面和多维治疗系统，这系统结合本发明的论据及其实施例对客户定制特定的行为干预，其符合于他们在上述螺旋形过程中所处的每个循环和阶段的位置。例如，在规划阶段，个体最与培养知觉技术相通和较可能利用书藉疗法和其它反馈和增强教育伯方法。在“行动阶段”，客户需要行为过程的帮助，诸如反向调节和激励控制，以防止故态复萌。在“维持阶段”，存在对应付技能的持续强调以及改进自我效能水平的焦点。在某些情况下，在几个不同的变化阶段中可利用同样的干预或方法，但以不同的强度和/或频率。有很多研究支持这样的观点，即治疗程序和过程与客户的变化阶段相匹配将更好地为大多数客户服务。
在线的和/或CD-ROM多媒体或图象游戏，带有向上螺旋形的对话或剧本原稿会被用作为程序14的一部分。客户50在每次玩这游戏时会自觉或不自觉地把螺旋形图象印在头脑中，实施或观察规划、行动、保持和故态复萌的过程，然后再开始这同一循环，由此对他们自己提供惊人胜利的强烈感受，没有自身或物质危险。所学到的经验，诸如问题解决、图象识别、快速思维、对策运用和推理判断，于是可逐渐被客户的生活所接受。对在线的用户，可想象装置顶上的盒子会被用来再现交互式实时三维图形。
此外，分开或结合使用多种装置，诸如声频的，动画，静止图象，图表，动画片和课本可用于增强用户吸收和学习新信息的能力和使相应的行为改进。
也可想象上述设备可结合个性化专论52利用，由一对一的探询来发展客户数据库以改进和增强上述声频、视频的和亲自的行为改进方法。
虽然本发明很详细描述和用图说明，但并不限于这样的细节，因为很多变化和修改在本发明中可予进行而没有违反其精神和范围。例如一些新出现的通讯技术提供不同的平台来传输行为促动和增强。某些这种装置包括：含有为列出数据和图表的LCD显示屏幕的增强型电话；利用低功率数字无线电话的个人通讯网络；容纳卫星传输为全国性网络部分的掌上计算器；在国家基础上交换数据的无线电传送网络；数字蜂窝电话，其连续通告它们的行踪，为使其主人通过与卫星网络联络可位于世界的任何地方；和个人数码助理(PDA)，其可接收数据，对它进行编制，监视客户的行动，给出提示和然后经内部调制解调器，按照客户的应允，与中央主计算机通讯。还有，应用变化的螺旋形或阶段模型可适用于所有以前讨论过的行为改进程序。因此，所述的发明覆盖可包括在附后的申请专利范围内的任何修改。

Claims (39)

1、自动交互式积极促动装置，包括：
(a)记录和访问客户数据库的装置，其包括与每个客户结合的客户程序，呼叫时间表和个人识别号码，
(b)增强预定的客户行为的装置，其基于所述对记录和访问上述客户数据库的装置，包括对每个客户特定的促动通话，激励或要由客户应答的问题，
(c)具有访问所述客户数据库和上述客户程序装置的计算机，该计算机顺序产生相应于客户的电话号码的数字电话信号，数字化的客户确认请求信号和所述促动通话内容之一，用来增强客户的预定行为的所述装置的激励或提问，它们仅在上述客户确认请求信号被客户以有效的个人确认号码应答时被发送，
(d)把由所述计算机产生的数字信号转换成电话音频信号的装置，该信号经电话网络发送到客户的双音多频电话机，所述电话机排队应答客户确认请求，听取所述促动通话和应答所述提问，
(e)在所述客户电话机上产生的电话音调信号转换成数字信号的装置，以适于上述计算机应用和被其处理，
(f)用以持久地记录所有进出的客户通讯的装置。
2、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中记录和访问客户数据库的所述装置包含有CD盘和与所述计算机相连的CD盘播放机。
3、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中记录和访问客户程序的所述装置包含有CD盘和与所述计算机相连的CD盘播放机。
4、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述计算机包含有IBM-AT兼容计算机，所述计算机具有80386处理器，包括对话D41四线语言卡或等价物。
5、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中用于转换从所述计算机数字信号到电话音频信号的所述装置包含有由数字/电话音频信号转换器，其具有在任一方向完成该转换的电路装置。
6、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置包含有不让客户看到其体重的电子体重秤。
7、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置包含有嗅觉装置，来提供与所述客户数据库相联系的气味。
8、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置包含有语音重音分析器。
9、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置包含使用交互式电视系统。
10、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置包含有脑电图(EEG)测量和记录设备。
11、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置包含有交互式视频系统。
12、按照权利要求1所述的装置，其中为增强客户程序的所述装置对光盘所存储的信息编址。
13、积极的增强和反馈装置，包括：
(a)客户数据库，其包括对每个客户的姓名，寻呼时间表，和个人识别号码，
(b)增强客户行为的增强装置，其通过从所述客户数据库选择信息，包括客户程序，其对每个客户有特定的促动通话，激励或要由客户应答的一些问题，
(c)数字/电话音频信号转换器，其具有从所述装置把数字信号转换成相应的电话音频信号，和把电话音频信号转换成相应的数字信号的电路装置。
(d)电话网络，其具有从所述转换器接收所述电话音频信号和发送所述音频信号到客户双音多频电话机的电路装置，从电话机上客户可接收和应答上述特定促动通话，激励或上述增强装置的回答。
(e)计算机，其包含软件程序，实时时钟和逻辑网络，并集成所述增强装置和所述数字/电话音调信号转换器，其中在预选的日期和时间，该计算机程序结合所述逻辑网络访问所述客户数据库和所述客户程序，如果在该客户数据库结合所述数字/电话音调信号转换器和程序发现是匹配的，所述计算机顺序产生相应于客户电话号码的数字电话信号和数字客户确认请求数字电话信号和所述数字客户确认信号被加到所述转换器，在那里所述数字电话信号和所述数字客户确认信号，相应于客户的电话号码和个人识别号码被转换成电话音频信号，该信号随后经所述电话网络被送到所述客户的电话机上，那里客户可应答个人识别请求，于是如果客户通过在上述双音多频电话机的键盘上按下特殊的键，以有效的个人识别号码，经上述电话网络和上述转换器应答回到所述计算机，所述计算机结合所述软件程序和所述逻辑网络使所述客户程序发出所述通话，激励和问题或要发送的所述增强装置经上述电话网络到该客户的电话机，在那里客户可接收上述通话，激励或问题，并且对所述增强装置的通话，激励或问题作出反应。
14、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述计算机包含有IBM-AT兼容计算机，含有80386处理器，包括对话D41四线语言卡或等价物。
15、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户的数据库被记录在CD盘上，由CD播放机播放到所述计算机。
16、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户的数据库被记录在卡式带上，由卡式带播放机播放到所述计算机。
17、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户的程序被记录在CD盘上，由CD播放机播放到所述计算机。
18、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户的程序被记录在卡式带上，由卡式带播放机播放到上述计算机。
19、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述电话网络由私人电话网络组成，其运行在闭合区域内。
20、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户双音多频电话机为一标准电话机且硬线接到所述电话网络。
21、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户的双音多频电话机包含有移动式/蜂窝电话。
22、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有脑电图(EEG)测量和记录设备。
23、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有交互式视频系统。
24、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有对光盘所存储信息编址。
25、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有电子体重秤，其有外壳以使客户看不到其体重。
26、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有嗅觉装置，以提供标号的气味到上述客户数据库。
27、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有语音重音分析器。
28、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述对增强客户程序的装置包含有交互式电视系统。
29、按照权利要求13所述的装置，还包括：
(a)调制解调器，其由所述数字/电话音调转换器经所述电话网络产生的电话信号所驱动，
(b)接收和记录所述调制解调器输出的装置，其中所接收的数据接着被客户接收，借助于上述客户的双音多频电话机，以进行他或她的查看或应答。
30、按照权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述调制解调器接收和记录装置包括个人计算机。
31、按照权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述调制解调器接收和记录装置包括打印机。
32、按照权利要求29所述的装置，其中所述调制解调器接收和记录装置包括传真机。
33、按照权利要求29所述的装置，还包括由所述电话网络产生的电话信号所驱动的客户设定的字母数字传呼机，其中所收到的通话包括要求经客户双音多频电话机应答的通话。
34、按照权利要求13所述的装置，还包括双向交互式计算机驱动的通话显示单元，它经所述电话网络和所述数字/电话音频信号转换器直接连到所述计算机。
35、按照权利要求13所述的装置，还包括电子秤，其有测量顾客的体重和经上述电话网络和经上述数字/电话音频信号转换器报告这体重给上述计算机的装置。
36、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述客户数据库和客户程序被储存在所述计算机里的硬盘中。
37、按照权利要求13所述的装置，其中所述增强装置还包括：
(a)电话号码重拨电路，其使客户的繁忙电话号码可经选定的时间间隔自动地重拨。
(b)随机电话号码拨号器电路，其使储存在所述客户数据库中的客户电话号码能被随机地选择和呼叫。
38、按照权利要求13所述的装置，还包括接到所述计算机的打印机，该打印机记录所有进出的客户通讯。
39、自动交互式积极促动的方法，由下列步骤组成：
(a)记录客户呼叫日程表和客户个人识别号码；
(b)储存所述客户呼叫日程表和个人识别号码在客户数据库中；
(c)通过从上述客户数据库选择信息来增强客户行为，包括客户程序，其对每个客户有特定的促动通话，激励或要由客户应答的提问；
(d)按照在所述客户数据库中所述客户呼叫日程表，与所述记录和储存的所述个人识别号码相对应产生数字电话信号；
(e)按照在该客户数据库中客户呼叫日程表，相应于记录和储存的个人识别号码，把所述产生的数字电话信号转换成电话音频信号；
(f)按照该客户数据库中记录和储存的所述客户呼叫日程表将由所述数字信号转换来的所述电话音调信号发送到客户的双音多频电话机；
(g)比较在客户数据库中所述按个人识别号码由所述数字电话信号转换成的电话音频信号与客户的电话音频信号输入，如果发现是匹配的，程序装置发出促动通话，激励或问题这三种方式中一个给该客户；
(h)处理所述客户通过所述程序装置对所述促动通话，激励或问题的回应，并持久地记录该客户的反应在该客户数据库中，由此在该客户数据库中其呼叫日程表被上述程序装置所更新，按照该客户呼叫日程表产生和转换上述数字电话信号，发出另一组上述促动通话，激励或问题给该客户。
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