CN1128967A - 渐增拉伸的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的弹性层压片材及其制造方法 - Google Patents

渐增拉伸的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的弹性层压片材及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1128967A
CN1128967A CN94193064A CN94193064A CN1128967A CN 1128967 A CN1128967 A CN 1128967A CN 94193064 A CN94193064 A CN 94193064A CN 94193064 A CN94193064 A CN 94193064A CN 1128967 A CN1128967 A CN 1128967A
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poly
film
laminate film
ethylene
laminated
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吴百湶
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Clopay Plastic Products Co Inc
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Abstract

公开了一种渐增拉伸无纺纤维质基材和弹性体型薄膜(13)的弹性层合片及其制造方法。此弹性层压制品特别适用于尿布、外科长服、片材、衣服、卫生产品等等。

Description

渐增拉伸的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜 的弹性层压片材及其制造方法
背景技术
某一时候以来已经知道粘合无纺纤维质基料到热塑性塑料薄膜的方法。另外，挤出层合热塑性塑料到未拉伸的无防基料的方法在现有技术中也是众所周知的。
关于挤出层合未拉伸无纺基料的相关专利包括美国专利第2714571号；3058863号；4522203号；4614679号；4692368号；4753840号和5035941号。以上的3058863号和4692368号专利公开在压辊辊隙处与未拉伸无纺纤维质基料层合之前拉伸挤出的聚合物薄膜。第4522203号和5035941号专利涉及共挤出的多层聚合物薄膜与未拉伸无纺基料在压辊辊隙处的层合。第4753840号专利公开在与薄膜挤出层合之前预成型无纺聚合物纤维材料以改善无纺纤维与薄膜之间的粘合。更准确地说，第4753840号专利披露在挤出层合之前使用惯用的压花工艺而在无纺基片中形成压实与未压实区，通过压实的纤维区来改进无纺纤维质基料与薄膜之间的粘合。第5035941号专利还教导，被挤出层合到单层的聚合物薄膜的未拉伸无纺基料易于产生由通常以垂直于纤维底基平面延伸的纤维引起的针眼，并且，因此该专利公开了使用多层共挤薄膜片以避免针眼的问题。此外，将松散的无纺纤维粘合到聚合物薄膜的方法被公开在美国专利第3622422号；4379192号和4725473号上。
现还知道使用啮合辊(intermeshing roller)拉伸无纺纤维质基料以减轻织物单位重量，有关这方面的专利的例子是美国专利第4153664号和4517714号。第4153664号专利公开一种使用叉指式对辊(a pair of interdigitating roller)拉伸和软化无纺基料进行渐增的横向(CD)或纵向(MD)拉伸无纺纤维质基料的方法。第4153664号专利还公开一种可选择的实施方案，其中在啮合拉伸之前将无纺纤维质基料层合到热塑性塑料薄膜。
对具有足够的吸收性和柔性的由在塑料薄膜上的无纺纤维质基料组成的改进型层压制品存在不断的需求。非常想望能进一步改进这种层压制品的性质并扩展其在服装和其他产品方面的应用。还希望能改进在高速生产机中生产这种层压制品的方法。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的弹性层合片材。在本说明书与权利要求书中所用的术语“弹性的”意指在力作用下是可拉伸的，并且在力解除之后能恢复到其初始状态或基本上初始状态。纤维质基料具有许多从层合表面向外延伸的纤维，这些纤维是通过沿基本一致地穿过层合片材及其整个厚度渐增拉伸层合片材而形成的。被层合的弹性体型薄膜是可拉伸的和可恢复的，从而赋予层合片材以弹性。
本发明还提供一种在高速生产机上以约500fpm的线速度生产弹性层压制品的方法。于是，本发明提供无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的层压制品，该层压制品具有足够的吸收性和柔软以及可拉伸性和可恢复性那样的新性质。这种独特的层压制品及性质使层合片材能被用于特别包括其中可拉伸性和可恢复性被信为是重要性质的服装制品等的许多应用。
此弹性的层合片材包括无纺纤维质基料和被层合在至少一个基料表面上的弹性体型薄膜。弹性体型薄膜可处在无纺纤维质基料的一面也可处在无纺纤维质基料之间而形成弹性的层压制品。该层压制品沿基本一致地穿过其长度、宽度和其整个厚度被渐增地拉伸，形成可拉伸和可恢复原复合材料。于是，被拉伸区可被层压制品中的未拉伸区所隔开或邻接而对层压制品提供弹性。复合材料中的弹性主要是由弹性薄膜造成的。在伸长或形变力的作用下，层合制品是可拉伸的，并且，因此，当被用作服装织物时，例如它能与人体的各部分相贴合。同样，由于独特的弹性恢复性，层压制品基本上会回复到其初始状态。此外，它还可以重复地受到拉伸和恢复。
在最优选的形式中，本发明涉及挤出或粘合无纺纤维质基料到弹性体型薄膜来层合的方法。该方法优选在高速生产机上以约500fpm的速度进行。它涉及在线层合和渐增拉伸。更确切地说，将无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜一起引入到挤出层合对辊的辊隙中。弹性体型挤出物在温度高于其软化点时被挤到辊隙中而形成与纤维基料相层合的薄膜。控制辊隙处纤维质基料与挤出物之间的压缩力，使基料的一个表面被粘合到薄膜而形成层压制品。如以上所指出的那样，层压制品或复合材料还可通过粘合剂将纤维质基料粘合到弹性体型薄膜而被形成。然后对由此形成的层压制品沿基本一致地穿过层压制品及其整个厚度进行渐增拉伸，形成弹性的层合片材。通过向层合片材施加渐增的拉伸力，基料与薄膜二者均被拉伸。当从层合片材上除去拉伸力时，弹性体型薄膜恢复其形状并由此引起基料纤维从被粘的基料表面向外延伸而回弹到层合片材的膨松状态。
参考以下详细的说明，对本发明的其他好处、优点和目的会有更进一步的了解。
详细说明
本发明的主要目的是在高速生产机上生产无纺纤维质基料和弹性体型薄膜的弹性层合片材以获得可拉伸和可恢复的层压制品。另一个目的是生产具有令人满意的粘合强度而同时仍保持织物外观和柔软感的这种层压制品。如以上阐述的那样，在本发明的优选形式中，通过首先沿基本一致地穿过层压制品及其整个厚度渐增拉伸无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的层合片材而达到这些和其他目的的。现已发现，通过渐增拉伸层压制品，生产出由纤维质基料被粘合到弹性体型薄膜的弹性片材，而片材是可拉伸的并且基本上能恢复到其初始状态。此外，现还发现，这样的层合复合材料可以通过串联的挤出与拉伸以相当于约500fpm速度来生产。一种形式的弹性层压制品之特征是，由于弹性体型薄膜而不渗透流体，同时层压制品的纤维质基材表面上仍保留柔软感。另外，例如通过提供机械微孔可以在层压制品或复合材料中达到不同程度的水蒸汽或空气的渗透性。在一种优选形式中，本发明的弹性的层压制品具有想望的、符合用于包括尿布、裤子、外科服、片材、衣服、卫生品等许多应用的柔软感的特性。
A.层压制品用的材料
弹性体型薄膜优选为聚烯烃型，它在一种实施方案中通过熔体挤塑到纤维质基料而加工成直接层合用的薄膜。适用的弹性体型聚合物还可以是可生物降解的或可环境降解的。用于薄膜的适用的弹性体型聚合物包括聚(乙烯-丁烯)、聚(乙烯-己烯)、聚(乙烯-辛烯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)、聚(酯-醚)、聚(醚-酰胺)、聚(乙烯-醋酸乙烯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯)、聚氨酯、聚(乙烯-丙烯-二烯)、乙烯-丙烯橡胶。还可以使用一种新类型的橡胶状聚合物，它们在此处被称为由单位点催化剂(single-cite catalysts)生产的聚烯烃。最优选的催化剂是现有技术中被称为金属茂催化剂，通过此种催化剂乙烯、丙烯、苯乙烯和其他的烯烃可与丁烯、己烯、辛烯等聚合，提供适用于符合本发明原则的弹性体，诸如聚(乙烯-丁烯)、聚(乙烯-己烯)、聚(乙烯-辛烯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯)和/或它们的聚烯烃三聚物。
无纺纤维质基料可包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、人造丝、纤维素、耐纶的纤维，以及这些纤维的掺合物。对无纺纤维质基料现已提出许多规定。纤维通常是定长短纤维或连续的长丝。此处所有的“无纺纤维质基料”是以其一般意义所指的通常的平面结构物，它是比较平的、柔性的和多孔状的，并且由定长短纤维或连续的长丝组成。就无纺材料的详细规定而言，可参见”Non-woven Fabric Primer and Reference Sampler”by E.A.Vaughn，Association of the Nonwoven FabricsIndustry，3d Edition(1992)。无纺纤维质基料可以是梳理的、纺粘的、湿法成网的、气流成网的和熔喷法的，诸如本行业中熟知的产品。
在优选的形式中，弹性的层合片使用具有根据用途厚度为约0.25～10密耳的弹性型薄膜，薄膜厚度可变化，在一次性使用的应用中最优选的厚度为约0.25～2密耳。层合片的无纺纤维质基料通常具有约10～60g/平方码的重量、优选约为17～33g/m2(约20～约40g/平方码)。当使用粘合剂层合时，可以使用诸如热熔粘合剂、水基粘合剂或固定粘合剂等的粘合剂。复合材料或层压制品可在横向(CD)被渐增拉伸，形成CD可拉伸和可恢复的复合材料。另外，在CD拉伸后接着进行纵向(MD)拉伸，形成在CD和MD方向均可拉伸的和可恢复的复合材料。如以上所指出的，此复合材料或层压制品可被用于许多不同的应用领域，例如婴儿尿布、不用尿布的婴儿裤(babytraining pants)、月经垫和衣服，以要求可拉伸和恢复性、以及需要隔绝流体的物品。
B.层压制品的拉伸机
许多不同的拉伸机和方法均可被用来拉伸无纺纤维质基料和弹性体型薄膜的起始的或初始的层压制品。定长短纤维的无纺梳理的纤维质基料或无纺纺粘的纤维质基料可用下面所介绍的拉伸机和方法拉伸：
1、对角啮合拉伸机(Diagonal IntermeshingStretcher)
对角啮合拉伸机由一对在平行转轴上左、右斜齿轮似件(helical gear-like)组成。转轴被装在二块机器侧板之间，下转轴被装在固定支承上，而上转轴被装在可垂直滑动件中的支承上。通过调整母杆操作的楔形件使滑动件在垂直方向上是可调整的。拧出或拧入楔形件能移动垂直滑动件向下或向上而进一步使上啮合辊的齿轮状齿与下啮合辊啮合或脱开。安装在侧框的测微计可起到指示啮合辊齿啮合深度的作用。
空气缸被用来将滑动件保持在它们的下啮合位置，紧紧地顶住调整的楔形件，以抵住由被拉伸材料所施加的向上力。这些空气缸还可收缩而使上和下啮合辊相互脱离，以将物料穿过啮合设备，或在其运行时，与保安线路一起打开全部的机器夹持点。
通常使用驱动装置驱动定啮合辊。如果上啮合辊是可脱开以便机器穿料或为了保安目的的话，最好在上、下啮合辊之间使用无齿隙齿轮装置，以便确保在重新啮合时一个啮合辊的齿总是落入到另一啮合辊的齿间，并能避免啮合辊齿顶之间可能的损坏性接触。如果二啮合辊仍保持恒定的啮合的话，上啮合辊一般就无须被驱动。通过被动啮合辊穿过被拉伸料可以达成驱动。
啮合辊非常类似于细间距的斜齿轮。在优选的实施方案中，啮合辊具有5.935″的直径、45°螺旋角、0.100″法线母距、30径节、141/2°压力角，并且基本上为长齿顶高高速齿轮(a longaddendum topped gear)。这形成窄而深的齿形，能提供高达约0.090″的啮合配合和约0.005″的材料厚度的齿侧间隙。这些齿并不是用来传递旋转力矩的，并且在正常的啮合拉伸操作中也没有金属与金属接触的。
2、横向啮合拉伸机
CD啮合拉伸设备是与对角啮合拉伸机相同的，它们之间的不同处在于啮合辊的结构与以下提及的另外几个次要处。由于CD啮合件能够有大的啮合深度，因此，重要的是当上轴升高或降低时此设备装有引起二啮合辊轴保持平行的装置。对于确保一个啮合辊的齿总是落入到另一啮合辊的齿间并与避免可能损及啮合齿的直接接触来说，此装置是必不可少的。平行移动是由齿条与齿轮装置来保证的，其中定齿条被装在与垂直滑动件并置的每一侧框上。转轴横向移动侧框并在每一垂直滑动件中的支承处操作。在此转轴的每一端装有齿轮，它与齿条啮合操作产生了所期望的平行移动。
除了在啮合拉伸具有较高摩擦系数的材料情况外，CD啮合拉伸机必须在上、下啮合辊之间操作。然而，这种运转并不必是消隙的，由于少量的纵向未对准或驱动的滑动量将不会引起问题。如果参照有关CD啮合件的描述，此理由将会更明显。
CD啮合件是由固体材料机加工的，但是可能最好是二个不同直径圆盘的交替块。在优选的实施方案中，啮合盘的直径为6″、厚度为0.031″，并且在其边缘具有大半径。分隔啮合盘的分隔圆盘直径为51/2″、厚度为0.069″。这种形状的两个辊能被啮合到高达0.231″、在所有侧面上材料的残余间隙为0.019″。象对角啮合拉伸机一样，这种CD啮合件形状具有0.100″的齿距。
3、纵向啮合拉伸机
MD啮合拉伸设备是与对角啮合拉伸机相同的，除了啮合辊的结构不同外。MD啮合辊与小节距正齿轮非常相似。在优选的实施方案中，辊具有5.933″直径、0.100″螺距、30径节、141/2°压力角，并且基本上为长齿顶高高速齿轮。在这些辊上采取滚齿偏移为0.010″的第二次走刀以对加窄的齿提供更大的余隙。就约0.090″的啮合而言，这种形状具有对材料厚度的各面上为约0.010″的余隙。
4、渐增拉伸工艺
可以使用上述的对角、CD或MD啮合拉伸机来生产本发明的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的渐增拉伸的层合制品。拉伸作业通常被用在定长短纤维或纺粘的长丝的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的挤出层合物上。在本发明的一个独特方面，纺粘的长丝的无纺纤维质基料的弹性层压制品可被渐增拉伸而对其提供一层非常柔软的纤维质面层，它看起来象梳理的纤维品并具有卓越的粘合强度。此无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的层压制品是使用例如CD啮合拉伸机以一次通过拉伸机、辊啮合深度为约0.090～0.120英寸、速度为约500～1000fpm或更高而被渐增拉伸的。这样的CD渐增或啮合拉伸的结果产生具有卓越的可拉伸性和可恢复性以及高粘合强度与柔软的纤维结构的层压制品或复合材料。
本发明的详细实施例
以下的实施例说明本发明的弹性层压制品及其制造方法。根据这些实施例以及所作的更详细的说明，在不背离本发明范围的情况下，对本技术领域的熟练人员来说，对本发明作出各种改变是显而易见的。
参照附图对本发明将有更深刻的了解。
图1是制造本发明的层压制品的串联的挤出层合与渐增拉伸装置的示意图。
图2是沿图1的2-2线所取的剖面图，以示意形式说明啮合辊。
图3是说明拉伸前被层合到弹性体型薄膜的无纺纤维质基料的示意性放大剖面图。
图4是图3是层压制品在渐增拉伸后形成复合材料的放大的示意剖面图，其中引起基料纤维由表面向外延伸而给予层合片料以高的膨松性，根据本发明原理层合片料是可拉伸的和可恢复的。
图5是说明比较例伸长率的曲线图。
图6是说明供与比较的挤出层合的复合材料用的本发明的弹性层合片材的伸长率的曲线图。
比较例I-1和II-2
为了与根据本发明的渐增拉伸的弹性的挤出层压制品进行直接比较，进行低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)薄膜到无纺纤维质基料的挤出层合。
I-1.无纺纤维质基料与热塑性塑料薄膜的
    挤出层压制品(未进行渐增拉伸)
根据如图1的挤出层合段中所示的比较的挤出层合工艺，通过在基料层间挤出具有密度为0.914g/cc和1密耳厚的LDPE热塑性塑料薄膜将两块26g/平方码梳理的聚丙烯无纺纤维质基料层合在一起。如图1中所示，来自辊13、13的进入的基料9、9被引入到橡胶辊5和金属辊4的辊隙中。来自挤出机1的LDPE薄膜3通过模头2被挤出到辊隙，同时将两块梳理的纤维质基料9、9引入。一般说来，在此挤出层合段速度高于500fpm，在约500～625°F的熔融温度下聚乙烯薄膜3以约为0.25～10密耳的厚度被层合，形成的层压制品12在辊7处被取出。辊隙处的压力是这样加以控制的以致被粘合到此聚烯烃薄膜的基料能避免针眼，并在层压制品12的纤维表面保留纤维感。对约10～60g/平方码的纤维质基料来说，约10～80psi的压力足以达到令人满意的粘合。在这实施例中，使用英斯特朗拉伸试验仪测试层压制品的可拉伸性。将沿其横向切割的1英寸条以20″/min的速率拉伸。此复合材料在45％拉伸率与极限拉伸强度(断裂强度)为3.4磅/英寸时断裂。当拉伸和拉伸力解除时，此复合材料是可不拉伸的和可恢复的复合材料。这被表示在图5中(比较例I-1)。
I-2.渐增拉伸无纺纤维质基料与热塑性
    塑料薄膜的挤出层压制品
当参照图1的渐增拉伸段对比较例I-1的复合材料进行渐增拉伸时，那么该复合材料可被拉伸到高于50％伸长率。该拉伸操作被示意地显示，此处进来的基料12以约0.100英寸的辊啮合深度和约500fpm的速度穿过CD拉伸辊10和11。为了说明沿跨越层压制品并贯穿压制品厚度的线的均匀拉伸，将啮合辊10和11示意性地示于图2中。然后通过使用英斯特朗拉伸试验仪根据其应力(拉伸力)和应变(伸长率)测定被改进后的复合材料的弹性(参见图5，实施例I-2)。当被拉伸到50％时，此改进后的复合材料的永久变形为20％(参见图5，实施例I-2)。“永久变形”意指在被拉伸后复合材料的最终的不可恢复尺寸。此非弹性的层压制品不是令人满意的可拉伸和可恢复和复合材料。
实施例II渐增拉伸的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型
        薄膜的弹性层压制品
在此实施例中重复实施例I的步骤，除了用于挤出层合的塑料是道氏化学公司的具有密度为0.870g/cm3的形成弹性体型树脂XU51800.51外。这种新的弹性体型树脂是通过使用乙烯与辛烯共聚单体与新的金属茂催化剂制造的。
在此实施例中制成的弹性层合制品，当使用0.254cm(0.100″)的啮合量时进行CD渐增拉伸时，与实施例I-1的层压制品相比是柔软的、可拉伸的和可恢复的，除了其密度为0.870g/cc外。表1和图6显示出详细的差别。实施例I-1的永久变形，当被拉伸到50％(图6的虚曲线1)、75％(图6的虚曲线2)和100％(图6的实曲线3)时，分别为10％、26％和38％。然而，当在较少力作用下被拉伸到50％(图6的实曲线4)、75％(图6的实曲线5)和100％(图6的实曲线6)时，其永久变形分别为6％、18％和24％，根据本发明的层压制品是更柔软和更有弹性。在其最优选的形式中，在被拉伸到约50％的其初始形状后，层压制品的永久变形为不大于其初始尺寸的约10％。
拉伸根据本发明的实施例II的层压制品所需的力小于拉伸比较的层压制品所需的力(见表1)。在解除拉伸力后本发明层压制品的恢复率高于(或永久变形低于)比较的层压制品。根据本发明的产品适用于尿布应用例如代替尿布的婴儿裤(training pant)或需用可恢复的片料的弹性护腰或护腿。
被拉伸的弹性层压制品的高膨松被示于图4中，并与拉伸前的层压制品的一面(图9)相对照。在图1的挤出层合段中，弹性体型薄膜3被粘合到基料9的纤维表面20而形成层压制品12，此处仅一面被示于图3中。在渐增拉伸后，引起基料9的纤维向外延伸并对层压制品13提供高的纤维膨松性，如图4中的一面所示。在拉伸后，弹性体型薄膜恢复它的初始或基本上初始形状，而基料在拉伸后会增加厚度和柔软性。这是本发明的层压制品与制造方法的独特的特征之一。
                  表1
             比较的层压制品     本发明的层压制品总的复合材料重量(G/YD2)               68                  56粘合强度(G/IN)       全粘                全粘被拉伸到规定的伸长率(％)    50    75    100    50     75     100拉伸到规定的伸长率所需的力          1.75  2.05  2.10   0.9    1.45   1.90(LBS/IN)在拉伸到规定    10    26    38     6      18     24的伸长率后的永久变形在10％伸长率时的拉伸强度      0.90  0.85  0.75   0.15   0.15   0.15(LBS/IN)
实施例III
通过使用苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物与EVA共聚物的弹性体型掺混料将二块34g/平方码的梳理的聚丙烯无纺织物挤出层合到弹性体型薄膜。弹性体型薄膜的中间层为2.0密耳。然后通过使用0.100″的啮合量对如此生产的复合材料进行CD渐增拉伸。与以上未拉伸的相同弹性性体型组成的比较的层压制品相比，在拉伸与解除力时，根据本发明的渐增拉伸的层压制品成为更可拉伸和更可恢复的。拉伸本发明的复合材料所需的力也被降低。结果被示于表2中。
                     表2
            比较的层压制品    本发明的层压制品拉伸到规定的伸长率(％)    50    75   100    50    75    100拉伸到规定的伸长率所需的力lbs/in          1.25  2.0  2.4    0.25  0.35  0.45在解除拉伸力后的永久      15    20   26     6     10    12变形(％)
实施例IV
通过使用EPDM弹性体挤出层合(41g/平方码的梳理的聚丙烯无纺织物。然后用啮合量为0.100″的CD拉伸机对此层压制品进行CD渐增拉伸。当拉伸与解除拉伸力时此层压制品成为柔软、可拉伸与可恢复的，并且与相同的组成的未经渐增拉伸的比较层压制品相比，如表3测试结果中所示。
                     表3
             比较的层压制品     本发明的层压制品拉伸到规定的伸长率(％)     50    75   100      50    75    100拉伸到规定的伸长率所需的力lbs/in           1.2   1.5  1.6      0.5   0.7   0.9在解除拉伸力后的永久变形(％)   10    18   24       9    15     17
实施例V
将30g/平方码的Scot梳理聚丙烯无纺织物与2.0密耳厚的EPDM薄膜通过使用H.P.Fuller的EVA热熔粘合剂2835粘合层合在一起。然后通过使用以0.100″啮合量的CD拉伸机渐增拉伸此层合片而生产出柔软与弹性的片材。同时还制造具有相同组成而未经渐增拉伸的比较的层压制品。表4列出测试结果。
                  表4
            比较的层压制品    本发明的层压制品拉伸到规定的伸长率(％)    50    75   100     50    75   100拉伸到规定的伸长率所需的力Ibs/in          2.2   2.6  2.8     0.9   1.5   2.0在解除拉伸力后的永久变形(％)        8     19   25      6     14    18
实施例VI
将Dupont Sontara聚酯织物8000级挤出层合到1.0密耳的Dupont聚酯弹性体(Hytrel 8206)。然后使用啮合量为0.100″的CD渐增拉伸机对此层合片材进行CD渐增拉伸，制得柔软、弹性、可拉伸和可恢复的复合材料。同时还制造相同组成而未经渐增拉伸的比较的层压制品。测试结果被示于表5中。
                  表5
            比较的层压制品    本发明的层压制品拉伸到规定的伸长率(％)    50    75   100    50     75    100拉伸到规定的伸长率所需的力(Ibs/in)        1.6   2.2  3.0    0.7    0.8   1.1在解除拉伸力后的永久变形(％)        18    32   42     8      17    23
实施例VII
通过使用H.B.Fuller EVA热熔粘合剂2835将Dupont sontara聚酯织物8000级粘合层合到1.0密耳的Dupont hvtrel 8206。然后通过CD啮合量为0.08″进行CD渐增拉伸，接着使用同样啮合量0.08″进行MD渐增拉伸。此层压制品是CD和MD二者均可拉伸和可恢复的弹性复合材料。还制造同样组成但未经渐增拉伸的比较的层压制品。测试结果被示于表6中。
             表6
                   比较的层压制品                     本发明的层压制品拉伸到规定的伸长率(％)    50％          75％         100％         50％        75％      100方向            MD     CD    MD     CD    MD     CD      MD    CD   MD   CD   MD    CD拉伸到规定的伸长率所      NA＊   2.2   NA＊   3.5   NA＊   5.0     0.8   0.7  1.1  1.0  1.3   1.1需的力(Ibs/in)在解除拉伸力后的永久      NA＊   16    NA＊  25     NA＊   30       10    7    20   17   22    20变形(％)NA＊-材料在45％伸长率时断裂
实施例VIII
将密度为0.885g/cc的使用金属茂催化剂制造的乙烯与辛烯的Exxon的Exact polymer type 4011挤出层合到杜邦的聚酯sontara织物8000级。
然后以0.090″的啮合量进行CD渐增拉伸、接着以0.065″的啮合量进行MD渐增拉伸。此层压制品在CD和MD均是可拉伸的和可恢复的。还制造相同组成但未经渐增拉伸的比较的层压制品。表7显示测试结果。
                                             表7
                     比较的层压制品                       本发明的层压制品拉伸到规定的伸长率          50％         75％        100％         50％         75％        100(％)方向              MD    CD    MD    CD    MD    CD       MD    CD    MD    CD    MD    CD拉伸到规定的伸长率所        NA＊ 1.35   NA＊  1.75  NA＊ 2.40     0.75  0.75  1.05  0.9   1.25  1.05需的力(Ibs/in)在解除拉伸力后的永久         NA＊ 15    NA＊  34     NA＊ 47       10    10    20    20    26   30变形(％)＊NA＊-材料在4 5％伸长率时断裂
以上的数据与试验结果说明本发明的弹性层合片的独特的可拉伸性和可恢复性。

Claims (11)

1、一种无纺纤维质基材和弹性体型薄膜的弹性层合片材，它包括
弹性体型薄膜，和
被层合到薄膜表面而形成层合片材的无纺纤维质基材，所述的层合片具有通过沿基本一致地穿过层合片材及其整个厚度渐增拉伸层合片材而形成的众多从层合表面的向外延伸的纤维，所述的层合片材是可拉伸的和可恢复的。
2、如权利要求1中所要求的弹性层合片材，它是通过挤出层合或粘合层合而形成的。
3、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，其中纤维质基料包括选自由聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯、纤维素、人造丝、耐纶以及二种或多种这样纤维的掺合物组成的组中的纤维。
4、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，其中弹性体型薄膜的聚合物选自聚(乙烯-丁烯)、聚(乙烯-己烯)、聚(乙烯-辛烯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯)、聚(苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯)、聚(酯-醚)、聚(醚-酰胺)、聚(乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸)、聚(乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯)、聚氨酯、聚(乙烯-丙烯-二烯)、以及乙烯-丙烯橡胶组成的组。
5、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，其中所述的薄膜具有约0.25-约10密耳尔的厚度。
6、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，其中所述的无纺纤维质基料具有约10-约60g/平方码的重量。
7、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，其中所述的弹性体型薄膜的厚度为约0.25-约2密尔的数量级，无纺纤维质基材的重量为约20-约40g/平方码的数量级。
8、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，它是通过横向渐增拉伸而形成的、在所述的横向可拉伸的和可恢复的复合材料。
9、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，它是在其横向和纵向均被渐增拉伸而形成的、在所说的横向和纵向上均是可拉伸的或可恢复的复合材料。
10、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，它具有在被拉伸到其初始形状的50％后为不大于约10％的永久变形。
11、如权利要求1所要求的弹性层合片材，其中所述的弹性体型薄膜具有相对的表面，无纺纤维质基料被层合到两表面而形成层合片材。
CN94193064A 1993-08-11 1994-08-03 渐增拉伸的无纺纤维质基料与弹性体型薄膜的弹性层压片材及其制造方法 Pending CN1128967A (zh)

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