CN1127987C - 上层涂有洗剂的吸湿性制品 - Google Patents

上层涂有洗剂的吸湿性制品 Download PDF

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CN1127987C
CN1127987C CN95196627A CN95196627A CN1127987C CN 1127987 C CN1127987 C CN 1127987C CN 95196627 A CN95196627 A CN 95196627A CN 95196627 A CN95196627 A CN 95196627A CN 1127987 C CN1127987 C CN 1127987C
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emollient
absorbent article
upper strata
disposable absorbent
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CN1168638A (zh
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唐纳德·C·罗
弗兰克·H·贝克斯
阿尔里克·V·沃纳
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种含透湿性上层的尿布，该上层涂布有一种洗剂组合物。该洗剂组合物能减少BM对穿用者皮肤的粘附，从而使BM更易清除。该洗剂组合物中包含塑性或流体状润肤剂如矿物油或矿脂、固定剂如脂肪醇或石蜡以及选择性含有亲水性表面活性剂。该固定剂可使润肤剂固定在尿布上层的表面。该表面活性剂能促进涂布后上层的可润湿性。由于该润肤剂基本固定在上层表面上，因而仅需使用少量洗剂组合物就能使该治疗性或保护性洗剂涂层达到所预期的效果。

Description

上层涂有洗剂的吸湿性制品
技术领域
本申请涉及吸湿性制品如尿布、运动裤、成人失禁用品、卫生巾、裤垫(Panti-liners)等。本发明特别涉及上层的外表面涂覆有洗剂的吸湿性制品，该洗剂可通过正常的接触及穿用者的活动和/或体温而转移到穿用者的皮肤上。
发明背景
有许多种一次性吸湿产品(如尿布)能大量吸收尿液。这类一次性产品一般包含某种可渗透液体的上层材料、吸湿芯、和不透湿的底层。虽然这类吸湿性结构可高效吸收液体，但不能吸收粪便(在此称作“BM”)。BM一般夹在透湿性上层的外表面和穿用者的皮肤之间，很大一部分会粘附在穿用者皮肤上。
为防止BM粘附在皮肤上，护理人员通常在给穿用者使用吸湿物品前先在穿用者的臀部和肛门部位涂敷保护剂或“防水”剂，如凡士林或矿物油。该过程一般包括将这种油或洗剂例如先倒在一只手里，用两手对擦，使该物质抹开在手掌上，然后均匀地抹在婴儿皮肤上。为取消这种既浪费、又沾手、且易忘的方法，以前在制备上层涂有护肤物质或皮肤治疗物质的吸湿制品方面已进行了大量尝试。
一种作为洗剂涂在尿布类产品上形成润滑而有保护性涂层的物质是矿物油。矿物油(也称作液体石蜡)，是石油中的高沸馏分(即300°-390℃)蒸馏得到的多种液体烷烃的混合物。矿物油在室温(例如20-25℃)下为液态。因此，将矿物油涂布在尿布的上层时，它相对呈液态，是流动性的。
由于矿物油在室温下是呈液态可流动的，因此它不会固定在上层的表面，而会透过上层进入尿片内部。因此，为使该治疗性和保护性洗剂涂层达到所预期的效果，需要在上层涂布较大量的矿物油。这不仅会增加这些涂有洗剂尿布的成本，还会造成其它不良后果。
不良后果之一就是高含量的矿物油会堵住上层的通孔而降低渗透流体的性能。矿物油还会渗入尿布内部，它起着疏水性添加剂的作用，因此使用时会降低其下面吸湿芯的吸湿能力。这种吸湿力的下降会随着矿物油涂布量的增加而更明显。
即使不增加矿物油的用量，但它的渗透性本身使它涂布后有其它不良的作用。例如，所涂的矿物油会渗透或透过涂有洗剂的尿布的包装纸。这就需要使用隔膜包装或包装膜以避免矿物油从尿布上向外沾污或渗出。
为此，需要有一种涂有洗剂尿布，这类产品应当(1)使治疗性和保护性洗剂涂层能达到预期的效果(2)在室温下呈液态的该涂层(如矿物油)的含量不要过高(3)对该尿片产品的吸湿力不会有不良作用；以及(4)不需要使用特殊的包装纸或隔膜包装。
美国专利3,585,998(Hayford等人)提出了一种一次性婴儿尿布，它的内衬有一排可压破的胶囊，该胶囊中含婴儿油。该专利中提到，在使用尿布前需要使用家庭常用品如擀面杖或熨斗等将胶囊压破。在美国专利3,464,413(Gold-farb等人)中提到了用可压破胶囊的相同原理所制备的绷带，该绷带能向创伤面传递药物。但这两项专利中公开的产品都有严重缺点。即如果在使用尿布或绷带前胶囊没有压破或没有全部压破，则胶囊中的护肤物质就根本不传递到或不均匀地留在皮肤的一些区域。
美国专利3,896,807(Buchalter等人)提出一种含固体油膏状制剂的制品，该制剂吸湿后会形成膏状。该文献所公开的制品的主要缺点是有效物质从吸收基材转移到皮肤的过程比较缓慢，只有在体液排放时才会发生转移。
美国专利3,489,148(Duncan等人)提出一种含疏水和疏油上层的婴儿尿布，在尿布上层的一定部位涂覆含油物质的不连续膜。Duncan等人的专利所公开的尿布其主要缺点是该疏水和疏油上层会减慢尿液渗入下面吸湿芯的速率。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种吸湿性制品，它含有具有良好流体处理特性的上层。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种吸湿性制品的上层，该上层外表面上涂覆的洗剂涂层可转移到穿用者的皮肤上，并能有效地减少BM对皮肤的粘附，从而使BM更易于清除。
本发明的另一目的是希望提供一种含洗剂的吸湿性制品，它是：(1)能使BM的分离、清除、以及使治疗性和保护性洗剂涂层达到预期的效果；(2)不需要用较多的矿物油；(3)对吸湿性制品处理液体的性能不会产生不良影响，以及(4)不需要使用特殊包装纸或隔膜包装材料。
从以下内容的介绍可见，本发明的这些目的和其它目的显然都将达到。
发明简述
本发明涉及吸湿性制品，其上层外表面涂有洗剂涂层，该洗剂在环境温度(即20℃)下呈半固体或固体，并且它易于转移到穿用者的皮肤上。
简单地说，本发明的吸湿性制品含有：A)一个不透湿性的底层；B)一个与所述底层结合的透湿性上层，所述上层有一个朝向该吸湿性制品内部的内表面和一个朝向该吸湿性制品的穿用者皮肤的外表面，其中所述上层外表面上至少一部分含有有效量的洗剂涂层，该涂层在20℃下呈半固体或固体，它能部分转移到穿用者的皮肤上，所述洗剂涂层包含：(i)约10％至约95％的基本上无水的润肤剂，它在20℃下具有塑性或流体稠度，它选自石油基润肤剂、脂肪酸酯润肤剂、烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂、及它们的混合物；(ii)约5％至约90％的一种制剂，该制剂可将所述的润肤剂固定在上层的外表面，所述制剂的熔点至少约为35℃；和C)一个位于所述上层和所述底层之间的吸湿芯。
在所述上层的至少一部分上所涂洗剂的量优选为约0.1毫克/英寸2至约25毫克/英寸2，更优选约1毫克/英寸2至约10毫克/英寸2。在涂有洗剂的吸湿性制品的上层，其洗剂涂层具有预期的清除BM、治疗或保护作用。由于该润肤剂基本固定在上层表面，因而仅需少量洗剂组合物就能达到预期的护肤效果。另外，不需要专门使用隔膜或包装材料来包装本发明涂有洗剂的产品。
下文中将讨论的本发明洗剂组合物优选具有这样的一种熔融特性，即它们在室温下不流动并能固定在吸湿性制品上层上，而在体温条件下可转移到使用者的皮肤上，在极端的贮存条件下也不会完全呈液态。
重要的是，本发明的洗剂组合物易于通过正常的接触、穿用者的活动和/或体温而转移到皮肤上。虽然理论上并无确切解释，但可以相信该洗剂组合物能改变皮肤的表面能，和/或形成一层“屏障”来减少皮肤对BM的亲合力。因此，BM粘在皮肤上的趋势降低，而且易于清除。
附图简述图1是本发明的洗剂组合物涂布在吸湿性制品上层的一种优选方法的示意图。图2是将本发明的洗剂组合物涂布在吸湿性制品上层的另一种方法的示意图。图3是尿布形式的本发明的一种吸湿性制品。
发明详述
这里使用的术语“包含”是指实施本发明时可以将各种组分、成分或步骤合起来使用。因此，“包含”该词也包括了限定性更强的措词“基本上由.....组成”和“由.....组成”。
除非特别指出，这里使用的所有百分数、比值和比例均以重量计。A.吸湿性制品
这里使用的术语“吸湿性制品”是指可吸收和容纳体内排出物的物品，尤其指那些可贴附在穿用者皮肤上来吸收和容纳体内排放的各种排出物的物品。该吸湿性制品经一次使用后往往不经洗涤、复原和再用作吸湿性制品。一次性吸湿制品的实例包括妇女卫生用品如卫生巾和裤垫、尿布、失禁内裤、尿布托、运动裤等。
一次性吸湿性制品一般包含透湿性上层、与该上层结合的不透湿性底层和位于上层与底层之间的吸收芯。一次性吸湿制品及其组成包括上层、底层、吸湿芯、以及这些组件的每一层都有一个朝身体面和一个朝衣服面。这里所使用的“朝身体面”一词是指在使用该一次性吸湿制品时，该制品和组件在穿用时朝向或贴近穿用者身体的一面，而“朝衣服面”是在其反面，即朝向或位于一次性吸湿制品的穿用者体外或内衣下。
以下描述是对该一次性吸湿制品的吸湿芯、上层和底层材料进行的一般性讨论。应当理解，除在此已进行了一般性描述的其它一次性吸湿制品外，该一般性讨论也适用于图3所示的和以下所述的一些具体吸湿制品的各组件。
通常，吸湿芯能吸收或容留液体(例如月经、尿液和/或其它体内排出物)。优选的吸湿芯是可压缩的、可贴合的且对穿用者皮肤无刺激性的。可将该吸湿芯制成各种尺寸和形状(例如，长方形、椭圆形、沙漏形、“T”形、八字形、非对称形等)。除采用本发明的吸湿性复合体外，吸湿芯还可包括吸湿制品中常用的多种吸湿材料，如通常称为气毡(airifelt)的粉碎的木浆。用于吸湿芯中的其它合适的吸湿材料的实例包括起皱的纤维素填料；熔喷聚合物(包括共成形)；化学硬挺、改性或交联的纤维素纤维；合成纤维如卷曲聚酯纤维；泥炭苔(peat moss)；薄纸包括薄纸卷和层；吸收性泡沫；吸收性海绵；超吸收性聚合物；吸收性凝胶材料；或其它相当材料或这些材料的组合，或它们的混合物。
吸湿芯可有不同的构型和结构(例如，各部分的厚度可不同和/或其构型可以是中部厚的；不同的亲水梯度；本发明吸湿复合体的不同梯度、超吸湿梯度；或较低平均密度和较低平均定量的区例如收集区；或还可包含一层或多层结构)。但吸湿芯的吸湿总量应与设计负荷和吸湿制品的预期用途相适应。另外，吸湿芯的尺寸和吸湿量可以变化以适应于不同用途，如尿布、失禁垫、裤垫、普通卫生巾和夜用卫生巾，以及适用于婴儿到成人穿用者。
吸湿芯中还可包含吸湿制品常用的其它吸收组件，例如，防尘层(dustinglayer)、芯吸层(wicking layer)或收集层、或增进穿用者舒适感的第二上层。
优选的上层是柔顺的、感觉柔软的且对皮肤无刺激性的。另外，该上层应具有透湿性，可使液体(例如月经和/或尿液)易于在其厚度方向渗透。有多种材料适于制造该上层，例如纺织和无纺材料(例如，纤维无纺布)；聚合材料如多孔成型的热塑性膜，多孔塑料膜；液压成型的热塑性膜；多孔泡沫；网状泡沫、网状热塑性膜；和热塑性平纹无纺布。适用的纺织和无纺纤维网材料包含天然纤维(例如木纤维或棉纤维)，合成纤维(例如，聚合物纤维如聚酯、聚丙烯或聚乙烯纤维)或天然纤维及合成纤维的结合物。当上层包含无纺网时，该网可采用许多已知技术进行制造，例如纺粘法、粗梳法、湿法成网法(web-laid)、熔喷法(melt-blown)、水力缠结法(hydroentangled)，及各方法的结合等。
底层是不透液体(例如，月经和/或尿液)的，且优选由塑料薄膜制成，但其它柔性不透湿材料也适用。在此使用的术语“柔性”是指材料是贴身的，且易于和人体的一般形状和轮廓相贴合。底层能防止吸湿芯中所吸收和容纳的排出液沾湿与该吸收制品相接触的衣物，如床单、内裤、睡衣和内衣。因此，底层可包含纺织或无纺材料、聚合物薄膜如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜，或复合材料如涂膜的无纺材料。适用的底层是厚度约为0.012mm(0.5密耳)至0.051mm(2.0密耳)的聚乙烯薄膜。典型的聚乙烯膜是由Clopay公司(Cincinnati，Ohio)出品的牌号为P18-1401的产品和由Tredegar Film Products(Terre Haute，Indiana)出品的牌号为XP-39385的产品。优选的底层是经压纹和/或褪光加工使其外观更象织物。另外，该底层在防止排出液透过的同时，还能使蒸气从吸湿芯中透出(即，该底层是透气的)。底层大小由吸湿芯的大小和选择的吸湿制品的精确设计而定。
底层和上层分别贴近吸湿芯的衣服表面和身体表面。优选吸湿芯与上层或底层结合、或与它们两者结合，可采用本领域已知的结合方式(未在图3中示出)进行结合。但本发明所设计的具体实施方案中，整个吸湿芯的各部位与上层、底层或者该两者均结合。
可采用均匀的连续粘结剂层、构图的粘结剂层或成排的各粘结剂线、螺旋线或点使底层和/或上层与吸湿芯固定或彼此固定。现在已经使用的满意的粘结剂是由H.B.Fuller公司(St.Paul，Minnesota)出品的牌号为HL-1258或H-2031的产品。优选的粘结方法包括美国专利4,573,986(Minetola等人，1986年3月4日)中公开的开式丝状粘结剂网，在此引作参考。典型的开式丝状粘结剂网包括若干条盘绕成螺旋形状的粘结剂丝，例如在美国专利3,911,173(Sprague，Jr.，1975年10月7日)；美国专利4,785,996(Zwieker等人，1978年11月22日)；和美国专利4,842,666(Werenicz，1989年6月27日)中所列举的那些。以上各篇专利均作为参考文献而引用。另外，其它的粘合方法还包括本领域已知的热粘结、加压粘结、超声粘结、动力机械粘结，或其它适用的结合方法，或这些方法的组合。
使用本发明含洗剂上层的优选一次性吸湿制品就是尿布。这里使用的术语“尿布”是指一般用在婴儿和失禁者穿用在下身的吸湿制品。换言之，术语“尿布”包括婴儿尿布、运动裤、成人失禁用品等。
图3是本发明的尿布50的平面图，尿布处于拉平未收缩状态(即，从弹性收缩状态拉开)，有部分的结构已剖开以便更清楚地表示尿布50的构成，向着观察者的这面是尿布50在使用时背向穿用者的那一面，即外表面。如图3所示，尿布50优选包含透湿上层520；与上层520结合的不透湿底层530；位于上层520和底层530之间的吸湿芯540。吸湿芯540有朝衣服的一面542和朝身体的一面544，侧边546，腰边548和凸边(ears)549。该尿布5优选还包含有弹性的腿部收口550；560为用在腰部的松紧带；570为系紧系统。
图3所示的尿布50有外表面52和与该外表面相反的内表面54，第一腰区56、第二腰区58，和周边51，周边51由尿布50的外缘限定，其纵向边为55，端边为57。(本领域技术人员会发现通常所述的尿布都有一对腰区，以及在腰区之间的裆部，在本申请中，为了术语的简单化，将尿布50描述为仅具有腰区，包括通常成为裆区部分的那部分尿布)。尿布50的内表面54包含在使用尿布时贴近穿用者身体的那一部分(即，内表面54一般是由上层520的至少一部分和与该上层520相连的其它部分构成)。外表面52包含背向穿用者身体的那一部分(即，外表面52一般是由底层530的至少一部分和与该底层530相连的其它部件构成)。(这里所说的面向穿用者的尿布50上的该部分或其组件也称为朝向身体面。同样，背向穿用者的部分在本发明中也称为朝向衣服面)。第一腰区56和第二腰区58分别从周边51的端边57延伸至尿布50的横向中线53为止。图3中也表示出纵向中线59。
图3所示的尿布50的优选实施方案中，上层520和底层530的长度和宽度一般均大于吸湿芯540。弹性腿部收口550和底层530均伸出吸湿芯540的边缘从而形成尿布50的周边51。
用本发明吸湿芯的本发明尿片可具有多种构型。在美国专利3,860,003(Buell，1975年1月14日)；美国专利5,151,092(Buell等人，1992年9月29日)；美国专利5,221,274(Buell等人，1993年6月22日)中一般性描述了典型的构型。这些专利均引用为本申请的参考文献。在待批的美国申请08/203456(1994年2月28日申请)中描述了另一种适用于本发明的尿布构型也在此引用。从本发明的观点来说，这些专利中所述的尿布的吸湿芯可能适于包括本发明的吸收性复合材料作为其中所述的吸收性凝胶材料。
可采用纺织领域技术人员熟知的方法对特别适用于尿布50的上层520进行粗梳和热粘结处理。本发明令人满意的上层所含的聚丙烯短纤维的长度约为2.2旦尼尔。这里使用的术语“短纤维”是指长度至少约为15.9mm(0.625英寸)的纤维。优选该上层的定量约为14-25克/平方米。由Veratec，Inc.(International Paper公司的分公司，Walpole，Mass.州)出品的牌号为P-8的产品是适用的上层材料。
尿布50的上层520优选由亲水性材料制成，以促进液体(例如，尿液)迅速透过该上层。如果上层由疏水性材料制成，至少其上表面应经亲水性处理，以使液体能更迅速地透过上层。这样就减少了排出物从上层流出而不是透过上层被吸湿芯吸收的可能。可采用表面活性剂处理上层而使其具有亲水性。用表面活性剂处理上层的适用的方法包括在上层材料表面喷洒表面活性剂并使该材料浸透该表面活性剂。在美国专利4,988,344(题目为“含多层吸湿层的吸湿制品”，Reising等人，1991年1月29日)和美国专利4,988,345(题目为“含速渗吸湿芯的吸湿制品”，Reising，1991年1月29日)中有对处理方法和亲水性的更详细的讨论，以上各专利均引用在此作为参考文献。
这里所述尿布的优选实施方案中，底层530具有改进的沙漏形状，沿整个尿布周边伸出吸湿芯的最小距离为约1.3cm至约6.4cm(约0.5-2.5英寸)。
吸湿芯540可具有适应于尿布50的各种尺寸和形状。尿布50的优选实施方案之一是非对称形，经改进的T形吸湿芯540，在第一腰区两边凸出，而在第二腰区通常为矩形。获得广泛的接受性和商业成功的用作本发明的吸湿芯的典型的吸湿结构在以下专利中有所描述：美国专利4,610,678(题目为“高密度吸湿结构”，Weisman等人，1986年9月9日)；美国专利4,673,402(题目为“含双层芯的吸湿制品”，Weisman等人，1987年6月16日)；美国专利4,888,231(题目为“具有防尘层的吸湿制品”，Angstadt，1989年12月19日)；和美国专利4，834,735(题目为“接收区的密度和基料重量均较低的高密度吸湿组件”，Alemany等人，1989年5月30日)。吸湿芯还可以是双芯体系，该体系包含位于吸收贮存芯上的化学硬挺的纤维制成的收集/分配芯，在以下美国专利中进行了详细描述：美国专利5,234,423(题目为“具有弹性腰部组件和增强的吸湿性的吸湿制品”，Alemany等人，1993年8月10日)；和美国专利5,147,345(题目为“失禁者用的高效吸湿制品”，Young，LaVon和Taylor，1992年9月15日)。上述所有文献均引用在此作为参考。
在优选实施方案中，尿布50还含有弹性腿部收口550，以增加对液体和其它体内排出物的包容度；用于改进配合性和容纳性的弹性腰件560；系紧部分570在侧面形成一种扣紧带，该扣紧带将第一腰区56和第二腰区58保持在重叠构型从而在尿布周边保持横向张力以将尿布保持在穿用者身上。尿布50的腰区56和58还包含松紧侧条(未显示)，以提供弹性伸缩力，使尿布50穿用时更舒适和贴身，得到更有效的利用。
弹性腿部收口550可制成多种不同结构，包括在以下专利中所述的那些结构：美国专利3,860,003；美国专利4,909,803(Aziz等人，1990年3月20日)；美国专利4695278(Lawson，1987年9月22日)；和美国专利4,795,454(Dragoo，1989年1月3日)，均引用在本申请的参考文献。
弹性腰件优选包含弹性腰带(未显示)，该腰带可制成很多种不同的结构，包括在以下专利中所述的那些：美国专利4,515,595(Kievit等人，1985年5月7日)；美国专利5,026,364(Robertson等人，1991年6月25日)；和上述提到的美国专利5,151,092(Buell等人，1992年9月29日)，均引入本申请的参考文献中。
弹性侧条可制成各种形状。以下专利中公开了典型的尿布，其弹性侧条均位于尿布的凸出部位(凸出侧片)：美国专利4,857,067(Wood等人，1989年8月15日)；美国专利4,381,781(Sciaraffa等人，1983年5月3日)；美国专利4,938,753(Van Gompel等人，1990年7月3日)；和美国专利5,151,092(Buell等人，1992年9月29日)；均引入本申请的参考文献中。
典型的系紧部分570披露在美国专利4,846,815(Scripps，1989年7月11日)；美国专利4,894,060(Nestegaid，1990年1月16日)；美国专利4,946,527(Battrell，1990年8月7日)；美国专利3,848,594(Buell，1974年12月19日)美国专利Bl 4,662,875(Hirotsu等人，1987年5月5日)；和美国专利5,151,092(Buell等人，1992年9月29日)；均引入本申请的参考文献中。
在将尿布50施用到穿用者上时，优选将尿布中的一个腰区(优选第二腰区58)放在穿用者背后，将尿布的剩余部分拉到两腿之间，使另一个腰区(优选第一腰区56)位于穿用者身前。用系紧体系在侧面扣紧。
本发明的涂有洗剂的上层还可用于运动裤。这里使用的术语“运动裤”是指具有固定侧面和裤口的一次性衣物。穿用者穿运动裤时，把两腿伸入裤口，将该裤提至穿用者下身。在美国专利5,246,433(Hasse等人，1993年9月21日)中公开了适用的运动裤。
可应用本发明的涂有洗剂的上层的其它一次性吸湿制品还有失禁用品。术语“失禁用品”是指衬垫、内裤(用一种相同类型的悬吊体系如带子等来固定此裤垫)、吸湿用品的插件、吸湿用品用的增大吸湿量用的物品、三角裤、床垫等，无论是成人或其它失禁者均可使用。在以下专利中公开了适用的失禁用品：美国专利4,253,461(Strickland等人，1981年3月3日)；美国专利4,597,760和4,597,761(Buell)；上述的美国专利4,704,115；美国专利4,909,802(Ahr等人)；美国专利4,964,860(Gipson等人，1990年10月23日)；和美国申请07/637090，Noel等人，1991年1月3日申请(PCT公开号WO 92/11830，1992年7月23日公开)。B. 洗剂组合物
本发明的洗剂组合物在20℃(即环境温度下)呈固体或更多呈半固体。“半固体”是指该洗剂组合物具有典型的假塑性或塑性流体的流变性。不施用剪切力时，该洗剂组合物呈半固体状，随剪切速率增高，它会变得可流动。这是由于该洗剂组合物虽主要含固体组分，但也包括少量液体组分。
本发明的洗剂至少在室温下应为半固体的，以便将洗剂的迁移减至最小。另外，该洗剂组合物的最终熔点(100％液体)在受力储存条件下优选高于45℃(例如，Arizona州库存时及在Florida州运输时等)。
本发明的洗剂组合物尤其应具有以下熔融特性：
特性                    优选范围     最优选
室温(20℃)下液体百分比    2-50        3-25
体温(37℃)下液体百分比    25-95       30-90
最终熔点(℃)              ≥38        ≥45
由于该洗剂组合物在环境温度下呈固体或半固体，因此不会流入或迁移到涂有该洗剂尿布上层的内部。这意味着仅需少量洗剂组合物即可达到对涂层所预期的治疗或保护效果。
将本发明的洗剂组合物涂布在尿布上层外表面上之后，它可通过穿用者的正常接触、活动，和/或体温而转移到穿用者皮肤上。重要的是，本发明中所公开的洗剂可减少BM对穿用者皮肤的粘附，从而使BM更易清除。
本发明的尿布上层含有有效量的洗剂组合物。这里使用的术语“有效量的洗剂涂层”是指：一定量的特定洗剂组合物，当将它涂布在尿布上层时，能有效地减少BM对穿用者皮肤的粘附。当然，洗剂涂层的有效量主要还是根据所使用的特定洗剂成分而定。
本发明的洗剂组合物含有：(1)润肤剂；(2)固定润肤剂用的固定剂；(3)含或不含亲水性表面活性剂；和(4)含或不合其它组分。
含润肤剂、固定剂和选择性成分的洗剂组合物的粘度应尽可能高至足以防止该洗剂流入尿布内部。不幸的是，高粘度会使洗剂组合物难于涂敷，从而产生处理上的问题。因此，必须达到平衡，既要使粘度高至足以使该组合物保持在尿布上层表面，又不会高到产生处理问题。该洗剂组合物的适宜粘度一般在60℃下测定为约5-约200厘泊，优选为约15-约100厘泊。1. 润肤剂
这些洗剂组合物中的重要活性成份是一种或多种润肤剂。这里使用的润肤剂是能软化、柔和、柔润、覆盖、润滑、滋润或清洁皮肤的材料。润肤剂通常要达到这些目的中的几种如柔和、滋润和润滑。在本发明中，润肤剂在20℃(即环境温度)下应具有塑性或流体稠度。该特定的润肤剂稠度可使该洗剂组合物具有柔和、润滑和乳状手感。
用于本发明的润肤剂基本不含水。“基本不含水”是指不在润肤剂中有意加入水。制备或使用本发明的洗剂组合物时不需要加水，并且需经干燥步骤。但该润肤剂中可以承受由于如环境湿度而吸收的少量或痕量水，而不会产生不良作用。用于本发明的润肤剂一般含有约5％或更少的水，优选约为1％更少的水，更优选约为0.5％或更少的水。
适用于本发明的润肤剂可为石油基、脂肪酸酯类、烷基乙氧基化物类、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物、脂肪醇类、聚硅氧烷类或这些润肤剂的混合物。适用的石油基润肤剂包括链长为16-32个碳原子的烃或烃的混和物。具有该链长的石油基烃包括矿物油(也称作“液体矿脂”)和矿脂(也称作“矿物蜡”、“石油膏”和“矿冻”)。矿物油一般指具有16至20个碳原子的低粘度烃的混和物。矿脂一般指具有16至32个碳原子的高粘度烃的混和物。矿脂和矿物油是适用于本发明洗剂组合物的特别优选的润肤剂。
适用的脂肪酸酯类润肤剂包括由C12-C28脂肪酸、优选C16-C22饱和脂肪酸和短链(C1-C8，优选C1-C3)单羟基醇衍生的润肤剂。这些酯的代表性实例包括十六烷酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、月桂酸异丙酯、十四烷酸异丙酯、十六烷酸异丙酯、十六烷基乙基己酯、及其混合物。适用的脂肪酸酯润肤剂还有由长链脂肪醇(C12-C28，优选C12-C16)和短链脂肪酸(例如乳酸)形成的酯，如乳酸十二烷基酯和乳酸十六烷基酯。
适用的烷基乙氧基化物类润肤剂包括C12-C22的脂肪醇乙氧基化物，其平均乙氧基化度为约2至约30。优选该脂肪醇乙氧基化物润肤剂选自十二烷基乙氧基化物、十六烷基乙氧基化物和十八烷基乙氧基化物及它们的混合物，其平均乙氧基化度为约2至约23。该烷基乙氧基化物的代表性实例包括laureth-3(平均乙氧基化度为3的十二烷基乙氧基化物)、laureth-23(平均乙氧基化度为23的十二烷基乙氧基化物)、ceteth-10(平均乙氧基化度为10的十六烷基乙氧基化物)和steareth-10(平均乙氧基化度为10的十八烷基乙氧基化物)。这些烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂一般与石油基润肤剂(如，矿脂)一同使用，烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂和石油基润肤剂的重量比约为1∶1至1∶5，优选为约1∶2至约1∶4。
适用的脂肪醇类润肤剂包括C12-C22脂肪醇、优选C16-C18脂肪醇。代表性的实例包括十六烷醇和硬脂醇及其混合物。这些脂肪醇润肤剂一般与石油基润肤剂(如，矿脂)一同使用，脂肪醇润肤剂与石油基润肤剂的重量比为约1∶1至约1∶5，优选为约1∶1至约1∶2。
其它适用于本发明的润肤剂包括聚硅氧烷化合物。一般适用于本发明的聚硅氧烷材料包括具有以下结构的硅氧烷单体单元：
Figure C9519662700181
其中R1和R2对于每一独立的硅氧烷单体单元分别为H或任何烷基、芳基、链烯基、烷芳基、芳烷基、环烷基、卤代烃或其它基团。这些基团均可为取代的或未取代的。在任一特定单体单元中，R1和R2基团均可与邻接单体单元中的相应的官能团不同。另外，该聚硅氧烷可为直链、支链或环状结构。R1和R2基团各自还可另外为其它含硅官能团如硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷、硅烷和聚硅烷，但并非仅限于此。R1和R2基团可含有各种有机官能团，包括例如醇、羧酸、苯基和胺官能团。
典型的烷基有甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、辛基、癸基、十八烷基等。典型的链烯基有乙烯基、烯丙基等。典型的芳基有苯基、联苯基、萘基等。典型的烷芳基有甲苯基、二甲苯基、乙基苯基等。典型的芳烷基有苄基、α-苯乙基、β-苯乙基、α-苯丁基等。典型的环烷基有环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。典型的卤代烃基有氯甲基、溴乙基、四氟乙基、氟乙基、三氟乙基、三氟甲苯基、六氟二甲苯基等。
可在聚硅氧烷的可变粘度范围内选用各种粘度的聚硅氧烷，只要将该聚硅氧烷涂布在尿布上层时它是可流动的或能变为可流动的即可。该粘度可低至5厘沲(37℃下由玻璃粘度计测出)至约20,000,000厘沲，优选该聚硅氧烷的粘度在37℃下为约5-约5,000厘沲，更优选为约5至约2000厘沲，最优选为约100至约1000厘沲。可采用以下方法使本身抗流动的高粘度聚硅氧烷有效地沉积于尿布上层，例如用表面活性剂乳化该聚硅氧烷和通过溶剂如己烷(仅为举例)使聚硅氧烷成为溶液。在下文中将详细讨论在尿布上层上涂布聚硅氧烷润肤剂的特殊方法。
美国专利5,059,282(Ampulski等人，1991年10月22日授权)公开了适用于本发明的优选聚硅氧烷化合物，在此引作参考。适于在本发明洗剂组合物中用作润肤剂的特别优选的聚硅氧烷化合物包括苯基官能化的聚甲基硅氧烷化合物(例如，Dow Corning 556化妆品级流体；聚苯甲基硅氧烷)和十六烷基或十八烷基官能化的聚二甲基硅氧烷，如分别为Dow 2502和Dow2503的聚硅氧烷流体。除这些被苯基官能团或烷基取代之外，有效的取代基可以是氨基、羧基、羟基、醚、聚醚、醛、酮、酰胺、酯和巯基。这些有效取代基中更优选苯基、氨基、烷基、羧基和羟基；最优选苯基官能团。
除石油基润肤剂、脂肪酸酯润肤剂、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物、烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪醇润肤剂和聚硅氧烷以外，适用于本发明的润肤剂中还可包含少量(例如，最多约占润肤剂总量的10％)的其它常用润肤剂。这些其它的常用润肤剂包括丙二醇、甘油、三甘醇、鲸蜡或其它蜡、脂肪酸和脂肪链上含12-28个碳原子的脂肪醇醚如硬脂酸、丙氧基化的脂肪醇；C12-C28脂肪酸的甘油酯、乙酰甘油酯和乙氧基化甘油酯；其它多羟基醇的脂肪酸酯；羊毛脂及其衍生物。所包含的这些其它润肤剂应能使该洗剂组合物仍保持固体或半固体的特征。
洗剂组合物中润肤剂的含量视不同因素而定，这些因素包括其中所用的具体润肤剂、对洗剂状效果的要求、洗剂组合物中的其它组分等。洗剂组合物中可含有约10-约95％的润肤剂、优选约20-约80％、最优选约40-约75％的润肤剂。2. 固定剂
本发明洗剂组合物中特别重要的成份是使润肤剂能固定在洗剂组合物所施加的尿布上层上的成份。由于组合物中的润肤剂在20℃下具有塑性或流体稠度，因此在受到普通的剪切力时就会流动或迁移。当将其涂布在尿布上层时，特别是在熔融或全熔状态下，润肤剂就基本不会保留在上层表面。相反，该润肤剂会迁移并流入尿布内部。
由于在本发明中所使用的多数润肤剂均为疏水性的，因此润肤剂迁移到尿布内部会对尿布吸湿芯的吸收性产生不利影响。这就是说，为使洗剂达到治疗性或保护性的预期效果，在尿布上必须涂布更多的润肤剂。润肤剂用量的增加不仅会增加成本，还会加重对尿布吸湿芯的不利影响。
通过将润肤剂主要固定在施用有洗剂组合物的尿布上层的外表面上，固定剂防止润肤剂抵抗了润肤剂迁移或流动的趋势。一般认为这部分是因为固定剂将该洗剂组合物的熔点提高到润肤剂的熔点之上。由于固定剂还能与润肤剂混溶(或借助适宜的乳化剂使其溶于润肤剂中)，因此它也能将润肤剂截留在尿布上层表面上。
将固定剂“固定”在尿布上层表面上也是有利的。这可通过使用在上层表面快速结晶(即固化)的固定剂来达到。另外，经鼓风机、电扇等外冷却处理该尿布上层可以加快固定剂的结晶的目的。
除要求该固定剂能与润肤剂混溶或溶解在润肤剂中外，固定剂的熔点还应至少约为35℃。这样该固定剂本身才不会有迁移或流动的趋势。优选的固定剂的熔点应至少约为40℃。该固定剂的熔点一般在约50-150℃。
适用于本发明的固定剂可选自C14-C22脂肪醇、C12-C22脂肪酸和平均乙氧基化度为2至约30的C12-C22脂肪醇乙氧基化物、及它们的混合物。优选的固定剂包括C16-C18脂肪醇，最优选选自十六烷醇、硬脂醇及其混合物。特别优选十六烷醇和硬脂醇的混合物。其它优选的固定剂包括C16-C18脂肪酸，最优选十六烷酸、硬脂酸、及它们的混合物。特别优选十六烷酸和硬脂酸的混合物。其它优选的固定剂包括平均乙氧基化度约为5至20的C16-C18脂肪醇乙氧基化物。优选脂肪醇、脂肪酸和脂肪醇是线性的。
重要的是，这些优选的固定剂如C16-C18脂肪醇能增加洗剂的结晶速率，使洗剂能在基材表面上迅速结晶。这样，仅需使用少量洗剂即可得到良好的感觉。传统上，由于这些液体要流入尿布芯内因而需要大量洗剂才产生柔软感。
可单独使用其它类固定剂或与上述的脂肪醇、脂肪酸和脂肪酸乙氧基化物一同使用。这些其它类固定剂的实例包括多羟基脂肪酸酯、多羟基脂肪酰胺及它们的混合物。优选的酯和胺的多羟基部分应具有3个或多个游离羟基且一般为非离子性的。由于使用涂有该洗剂组合物的尿布可能会引起皮肤过敏，因此这些酯和酰胺也应当是相对温和的，对皮肤无刺激性的。
适用于本发明的多羟基脂肪酸酯的通式为：
Figure C9519662700211
其中R是C5-C31的烃基，优选为C7-C19的直链烷基或链烯基，更优选C9-C17的直链烷基或链烯基，最优选C11-C17的直链烷基或链烯基，或它们的混合物；Y是多羟基烃基部分，其烃链上至少有2个游离羟基直接与该烃链连接；n至少为1。适宜的Y基团可以从多元醇如甘油、季戊四醇衍生得到；从糖如棉子糖、右旋麦芽糖、半乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、木糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、甘露糖和赤藓糖衍生得到；从糖醇如赤藓醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、甘露醇和山梨醇衍生得到；以及从糖醇酐如脱水山梨醇衍生得到。
适用于本发明的一类多羟基脂肪酸酯包括某些脱水山梨醇酯、优选C16-C22饱和脂肪酸的脱水山梨醇酯。由于通常生产脱水山梨醇酯的方式，这些脱水山梨醇酯中一般包含单酯、二酯、三酯等的混合物。适用的脱水山梨醇酯的典型实例包括棕榈酸脱水山梨醇酯(例如，SPAN 40)，硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯(例如，SPAN 60)和二十二烷酸脱水山梨醇酯，其中包含一种或多种这些脱水山梨醇的单酯、二酯和三酯，例如棕榈酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯；硬酯酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯；二十二烷酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯；以及混合牛油脂肪酸脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和三酯。也可采用不同的脱水山梨醇酯的混合物，如棕榈酸脱水山梨醇酯和硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯的混合物。特别优选的脱水山梨醇酯是硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯，一般是单酯、二酯和三酯(还有一些四酯)的混合物如SPAN 60，以及硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯，由Lonza，Inc.以商品名GLYCOMUL-S销售。虽然这些脱水山梨醇酯一般含有单酯、二酯和三酯及一些四酯的混合物，但该混合物中主要以单酯和二酯为主。
其它适用于本发明的多羟基脂肪酸酯类包括某些甘油单酯，优选甘油C16-C22饱和脂肪酸单酯，如甘油单硬脂酸酯、甘油单棕榈酸酯、和甘油单二十二烷酸酯。与脱水山梨醇酯相同，甘油单酯混合物一般包含一些二酯和三酯。但适用于本发明的该混合物应以甘油单酯为主。
其它适用于本发明的多羟基脂肪酸酯类包括某些脂肪酸蔗糖酯，优选C12-C22饱和脂肪酸蔗糖酯。特别优选蔗糖单酯和二酯，并且包括蔗糖硬脂酸单酯和二酯及蔗糖月桂酸单酯和二酯。
适用于本发明的多羟基脂肪酰胺的式为：
Figure C9519662700221
其中R1是H、C1-C4烃基、2-羟乙基、2-羟丙基、甲氧乙基、甲氧丙基或它们的混合物，优选C1-C4的烷基、甲氧乙基或甲氧丙基、更优选C1或C2烷基或甲氧丙基、最优选C1烷基(即甲基)或甲氧丙基；和R2是C5-C31烃基，优选C7-C19直链烷基或链烯基，更优选C9-C17直链烷基或链烯基，最优选C11-C17直链烷基或链烯基，或它们的混合物；以及Z是多羟基烃基部分，其烃基链上至少有3个羟基直接与该链连接。见美国专利5,174,927(Honsa)，1992年12月29日公告(在此引用作参考)，其中公开了这些多羟基脂肪酰胺及其制备。
Z部分优选为经还原性胺化反应中的还原糖的衍生物；最优选是葡糖醇基(glycityl)。适用的还原糖包括葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和木糖。可采用高含量右旋葡糖玉米糖浆、高含量果糖玉米糖浆和高含量麦芽糖玉米糖浆，以及上述的各种单一的糖。由这些玉米糖浆可得到适用于Z部分的糖组分混合物。
Z部分优选选自-CH2-(CHOH)n-CH2OH、-CH(CH2OH)-[(CHOH)n-1]-CH2OH、-CH2OH-CH2-(CHOH)2(CHOR3)(CHOH)-CH2OH，其中n是3至5的整数，R3是H或环状或脂族单糖。最优选n是4的糖醇基，特别是-CH2-(CHOH)4-CH2OH。
上式中R1可以是例如，N-甲基、N-乙基、N-丙基、N-异丙基、N-丁基、N-2-羟乙基、N-甲氧丙基或N-2-羟丙基。可以选择R2以提供如椰油酰胺、硬脂基酰胺、油酰胺、十二烷基酰胺、十四烷基酰胺、癸基酰胺、十六烷基酰胺、牛油酰胺等。Z部分可为1-脱氧葡糖醇基、2-脱氧果糖醇基、1-脱氧麦芽糖基、1-脱氧半乳糖基、1-脱氧甘露糖基、1-脱氧麦芽三醇糖基等。
最优选的多羟基脂肪酰胺的式为：
Figure C9519662700231
其中R1是甲基或甲氧丙基；R2是C11-C17直链烷基或链烯基。这些包括N-十二烷基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、N-十二烷基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺、N-椰油酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、N-椰油酰基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺、N-十六烷基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺、N-牛油基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺，或N-牛油基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺。
如前所述，需使用乳化剂使一些固定剂溶于润肤剂中。对于某些HLB值约低于7的葡糖酰胺如N-烷基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺尤其这样。适用的乳化剂一般包括HLB值约低于7的那些。在这方面，发现前述HLB值约为4.9或更低的脱水山梨醇酯(如硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯)能使这些葡糖酰胺固定剂溶于矿脂中。其它适用的乳化剂包括Steareth-2(硬脂醇的聚乙二醇醚，相应的式为CH3(CH2)17(OCH2CH2)nOH，其中n平均值为2)、脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯、十二烷基异山梨酐、和甘油单硬脂酸酯。乳化剂含量应足以使固定剂溶于润肤剂中从而得到基本均一的混合物。例如，约1∶1的N-椰油酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺和矿脂的混合物一般不能熔成单相混合物，但加入20％1∶1的Steareth-2和脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯乳化剂后可以熔成单相混合物。
可用作固定剂的其它类型的成分可单独使用或与上述的固定剂共同使用，这些其它成份包括：蜡如巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、石蜡、地蜡、西班牙草油、小冠椰子油、rezo蜡及其它已知的蜡。优选石蜡。特别优选的石蜡的实例是由Strahl和Pitsch公司(P.O.Box 1098 West Babylon，NY11704)出品的石蜡S.P 434。
洗剂组合物中固定剂的含量视多种因素而定，这些因素包括所含的润肤剂的品种、所含的固定剂的品种、是否需要用乳化剂将固定剂溶于润肤剂、洗剂组合物中所含的其它组分等。洗剂组合物中可含有约5-90％的固定剂。洗剂组合物中固定剂含量优选约5-约50％、更优选约10-约40％。3. 选择性亲水表面活性剂
如上所述，尿布上层需要由亲水材料制成以促进液体(例如，尿液)透过该上层。同样，重要的是洗剂组合物应当是可充分润湿的，以确保液体能更快地透过上层。这可减少体内排出物流出洗剂涂层不是吸入上层并被吸收芯吸收的可能性。根据本发明的洗剂组合物中所用的具体固定剂，可加也可以不加亲水性表面活性剂(或亲水表面活性剂的混合物)来改进润湿性。例如，某些固定剂(如，N-椰油酰基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺)的HLB值至少约为7，其本身不需要使用亲水性表面活性剂就足以能润湿。当将洗剂组合物施用到尿布上层上时，其它HLB值约低于7的固定剂(如C16-C18脂肪醇)中需加入亲水表面活性剂以增进润湿性。同样，疏水性润肤剂(如矿脂)中也需要加入亲水性表面活性剂。
适用的亲水表面活性剂应能与润肤剂和固定剂混溶以形成均一混合物。由于使用涂有洗剂组合物的一次性吸收产品可能会使皮肤过敏，这些表面活性剂也就要较柔和的，且对皮肤无刺激性的。这些亲水表面活性剂一般是非离子的，不仅不会刺激皮肤，还会避免对下层薄纸层压制品结构产生不良影响，例如降低抗拉强度。
适用的非离子表面活性剂在洗剂组合物涂布到尿布上层后基本不迁移，其HLB值一般为约4至约20，优选为约7至约20。若要不迁移，这些非离子表面活性剂的熔点应高于该一次性吸收产品在贮存、运输、销售和使用时通常遇到的温度(至少约为30℃)，为此，优选这些非离子表面活性剂的熔点与上述的固定剂的熔点类似。
适用于本发明洗剂组合物中的非离子表面活性剂包括：烷基糖苷和烷基糖苷醚，见美国专利4011389(Langdon等人，1977年3月8日授权)；烷基多乙氧基化的酯如Pegosperse 1000MS(购自Lonza公司，Fair Lawn，NewJersey)、C12-C18脂肪酸乙氧基化的脱水山梨醇单酯、二酯和/或三酯，其平均乙氧基化度为约2-约20，优选为约2至约10，如TWEEN 60(平均乙氧基化度约为20的硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯)和TWEEN 61(平均乙氧基化度约为4的硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯)，以及脂肪醇和约1-54摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。脂肪醇的烷基链一般为直链(线性)结构，且含约8-约22个碳原子。特别优选含约11至22个碳原子烷基的醇与每摩尔醇约2-约30摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。这样的乙氧基化醇的实例包括十四醇与每摩尔醇7摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物；椰子醇(烷基链长度从10至14个碳原子的脂肪醇的混合物)与约6摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物。许多适用的乙氧基化醇在市场上均可买到，包括购自Union Carbide公司的TERGITOL 15-S-9(C11-C15直链醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物)；购自Procter & Gamble公司的KYRO EOB(C13-C15直链醇与9摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物)；购自Shell Chemical公司的NEODOL牌表面活性剂，特别是NEODOL 25-12(C12-C15直链醇与12摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物)和NEODOL 23-6.5T(C12-C13直链醇与6.5摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物，经蒸馏(拔顶)以除去某些杂质)，尤其是购自BASF公司的PLURAFAC牌表面活性剂，特别是PLURAFACA-38(C18直链醇与27摩尔环氧乙烷的缩合产物)。(某些亲水性表面活性剂，特别是乙氧基化醇如NEODOL 25-12，也可用作烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂)。优选乙氧基化醇表面活性剂的其它实例包括ICI出品的Brij表面活性剂及其混合物，特别优选Brij 72(即Steareth-2)和Brij 76(即Steareth-10)。平均乙氧基化度约为10-20的乙氧基化的十六烷醇和硬脂醇的混合物也可用作亲水性表面活性剂。
适用于本发明的其它表面活性剂包括American Cyanamid公司出售的Aerosol OT，磺基琥珀酸钠二辛酯。
其它适用于本发明的表面活性剂包括聚硅氧烷共聚物如GeneralElectric SF 1188(聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚氧亚烷基醚的共聚物)和GeneralElectric SF 1228(聚硅氧烷聚醚共聚物)。这些聚硅氧烷表面活性剂可与上述的其它亲水表面活性剂(如乙氧基化醇)一同使用。发现这些聚硅氧烷表面活性剂的有效浓度占洗剂组合物重量的低至0.1％，更优选为约0.25-约1.0％。
为使洗剂组合物的润湿性增至所预期的水平，亲水性组合物的用量还将视所采用的固定剂的HLB值和用量、所使用的表面活性剂的HLB值等因素而定。为增进组合物的润湿性，该洗剂组合物中可包含约1-约50％的亲水表面活性剂。需要增加润湿性时优选的洗剂组合物中含约1-约25％，最优选含约10-约20％的亲水表面活性剂。4. 其它选择性成分
洗剂组合物中还可包含其它存在于这类润肤剂、膏霜和洗剂中的选择性成分，包括水、粘度改性剂、香精、消毒剂、抗菌活性成分、药物活性成分、成膜剂、除臭剂、遮光剂、收敛剂、溶剂等。另外，还可加入稳定剂如纤维素衍生物、蛋白质和卵磷脂以延长该洗剂组合物的贮存时间。所有这些材料都是本领域中熟知的用于这类制剂的添加剂，在本发明的洗剂组合物中以适宜的用量采用。C. 用洗剂组合物处理尿布上层
在制备本发明的涂有洗剂的尿布产品时，在尿布上层的外表面(即，朝身体面)涂布该洗剂组合物。可采用各种涂布方法使熔融或具有液体稠度的润滑材料均匀分布。适用的方法包括喷涂、印制(例如橡胶版轮转印制)、涂覆(例如，凹版涂覆)、挤压、或各种涂布技术结合，例如，将该洗剂组合物喷洒在旋转表面(如压光辊)上，然后使该组合物传递到尿布上层的外表面上。
在尿布上层涂布该洗剂组合物时应使该上层不应被洗剂组合物饱和。如果该上层被洗剂组合物饱和，则该洗剂组合物很可能会堵住上层通孔，从而会降低该上层使液体透过至下层吸湿芯的能力。为达到洗剂的治疗和/或保护效果也无需使该上层被该洗剂饱和。特别适用的涂布方法是将洗剂组合物主要涂布在尿布上层的外表面上。
涂布在尿布上层上的洗剂的最低量是有效减少BM对穿用者皮肤的粘附的量。本发明的尿布上层上所涂的洗剂组合物的优选用量为约0.1毫克/英寸2至约25毫克/英寸2，更优选为约1毫克/英寸2至约10毫克/英寸2(每平方英寸所涂布的上层上洗剂的毫克数)。由于润肤剂基本固定在上层表面上，只需要少量洗剂组合物来达到所预期的护肤效果。因此为赋予上层所需的治疗和/或保护效果，仅需使用较低含量的洗剂组合物即可，不会使上层的吸收力和/或润湿性达到饱和。
洗剂组合物可涂布在上层整个表面或其某些部分上。优选的是将洗剂组合物涂成与该一次性吸收制品的纵向中线对齐并以该纵向中线为中心的条状。在下述的实施例中，洗剂组合物最优选是在上层涂成分散的形式，例如3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向)的一片，一般向第二腰区分布。
该洗剂组合物也可不均匀地涂布在尿布上层的外表面上。“不均匀”是指：在上层表面上，该洗剂组合物的分布量和分散图案可有所不同。例如，经处理的上层表面一些部位的洗剂组合物量可多可少，包括表面的某些部分可不涂有任何洗剂组合物。
可在组装期间的任何位置将洗剂组合物涂布到上层。例如，可在该一次性吸收产品包装之前将洗剂组合物涂布在一次性吸收产品成品上层。也可先在上层涂布该洗剂组合物，然后将该上层再与其它原材料形成一次性吸收产品成品。
该洗剂组合物一般以熔融状态涂布在尿布上层。由于洗剂组合物的熔点明显高于环境温度，一般作为加热的涂层而涂布在上层上。在涂布到尿布上层之前，一般将该洗剂组合物加热至约35°-约100℃，优选约40°-90℃。熔融的洗剂组合物一涂布到尿布上层层，就使其冷却，在上层表面上固化形成固化的涂层或固化膜。优选的涂布方法的设计应当有助于洗剂的冷却/固定。
优选采用喷洒、凹版涂覆和挤压涂覆将本发明的洗剂组合涂布在尿布上层。图1所示的一种优选的方法：在与其它原料一起组成产品之前，在尿布上层喷洒涂层。参照图1，无纺布上层网面1从上层原料卷筒2(沿箭头2a方向旋转)上拉出向前进入喷洒区6，在该区网面的一面喷洒热熔融(例如65℃)的洗剂组合物。离开喷洒区6后，无纺布上层网面1变为涂有洗剂的上层织物，由3表示。含洗剂的上层网面3经转轴4和8缠到涂有洗剂的上层的原料卷筒10上(沿箭头10a方向旋转)。
图2所示的是另一种优选方法：在涂布操作中尿布上层连续或间歇喷涂洗剂组合物。参照图2，传送带1沿转辊3和4箭头所示的方向前进，沿传送带2返回。传送带1将未涂洗剂的尿布5送至喷涂区6，在上层局部7喷涂热熔融(例如65℃)的洗剂组合物。离开喷涂区域后，原来未涂洗剂的尿布5成为含涂有洗剂上层的含洗剂尿布8。喷涂在该上层局部7上的洗剂组合物的用量由：(1)喷涂区6喷涂熔融洗剂组合物的速率和/或(2)喷涂区6下方的传送带1的速度来控制。
制备本发明涂有洗剂的尿布上层的具体说明
以下是用本发明洗剂组合物处理尿布上层的具体说明。实施例1A. 洗剂组合物的制备
将以下熔融(即，液体)组分混合来制备无水的洗剂组合物(洗剂A)：矿物油(Witco公司制备的Carnation白矿物油，USP)、Cetearyl醇(由Procter &Gamble公司出品的C16-C18直链伯醇的混合物，商名为TA-1618)；Steareth-2(由ICI America出品的Brij 72，是平均乙氧基化度为2的乙氧基化C18的直链醇)。组分的重量百分比见下表I：
                     表I
           组分             重量百分比
           矿物油             50
           Cetearyl醇         35
           Steareth-2         15B. 经热熔融喷涂制备涂有洗剂的尿布上层
在温度为125°F的加热槽中加入洗剂组合物A。然后将该组合物喷涂(采用Dynatec E84B1758喷嘴，在165°F下操作，雾化压力为2.40磅/平方英寸)在尿布上层的3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向)区域内，该区域从横向中线向前1英寸起至产品末端为止。涂布量＝0.006克/英寸2(9.3克/米2)。实施例2
将洗剂组合物A(由实施例1的方法制备)喷涂在尿布上层，涂成3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)的沿纵向中线居中的条状，延伸至产品的全长度。涂布量＝0.006克/英寸2(9.3克/米2)。实施例3
将洗剂组合物A(由实施例1的方法制备)喷涂在尿布上层，涂成3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)的沿纵向中线7英寸长(尿布纵向)的条状，该区域从横向中线向前1英寸起至产品末端为止。涂布量＝0.003克/英寸2(4.65克/米2)。实施例4A. 洗剂组合物的制备
由以下熔融(即，液体)组分经混合后制备无水洗剂组合物(洗剂B)：矿物油(Witco公司制备的Carnation白矿物油，USP)、Cetearyl醇(由Procter &Gamble公司出品的C16-C18直链伯醇的混合物，商名为TA-1618)。组分的重量百分比是下表II：
                      表II
              组分           重量百分比
              矿物油            65
              Cetearyl醇        35B. 经热熔喷涂制备涂有洗剂的薄纸
在温度为125°F的加热槽中加入洗剂组合物B。然后将该组合物喷涂(采用Dynatec E84B1758喷嘴，在165°F下操作，雾化压力为2.40磅/平方英寸)在尿布上层的3.75寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向)的区域内，该区域从横向中线向前1英寸起至产品末端为止。涂布量＝0.006克/英寸2(9.3克/米2)。实施例5A. 洗剂组合物的制备
由以下熔融(即，液体)组分经混合制备无水洗剂组合物(洗剂C)：WhiteProtopet1S(由Wihco Corp.出品的白矿脂)，Cetearyl醇(由Procter & Gamble公司出品的C16-C18直链伯醇的混合物，商名为TA-1618)；Steareth-2(由ICI America出品的Brij 762，是平均乙氧化基化度为2的乙氧基化C18直链醇)。组分的重量百分比见下表III：
                           表III
                组分                        重量百分比
                White Protopet1S             50
                Cetearyl醇                      35
                Steareth-2                      15B. 经热熔融喷涂制备涂有洗剂的薄纸
在温度为125°F的加热槽中加入洗剂组合物C。然后将该组合物喷涂(采用Dynatec E84B1758喷嘴，在165°F下操作，雾化压力为2.40磅/平方英寸)在尿布上层的3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向)的区域内，该区域从横向中线向前1英寸起至产品末端为止。涂布量＝0.006克/英寸2(9.3克/米2)。实施例6A. 洗剂组合物的制备
由以下熔融(即液体)组分经混合制备无水洗剂组合物(洗剂D)：WhiteProtopet0000001S(由Witco Corp出品的白矿脂)；Dow Corning 556化妆品级流体(由Dow Coming公司出品的聚苯基甲基硅氧烷)，特别优选的石蜡的实例是石蜡S.P.434(由Strahl和Pitsch Inc.出品的石蜡)；Cetearyl醇(由Procter &Gamble公司出品的C16-C18直链伯醇的混合物，商名为TA-1618)；PEG-2000(由Sigma-Aldrich公司出品的分子量为2000的聚乙二醇)。这些组分的重量百分比见下表IV：
                         表IV
         组分                    重量百分比
         White Protopet1S         52
         聚苯基甲基硅氧烷            20
         石蜡                        15
         Cetearyl醇                  10
         PEG 2000                    3B. 经热融喷涂制备涂有洗剂的薄纸
在温度为150°F的加热槽中加入洗剂组合物D。然后将该组合物喷涂(采用Dynatec E84B1758喷嘴，在170°F下操作，雾化压力为2.40磅/平方英寸)在尿布上层的3.75英寸宽(尿布横向)和7英寸长(尿布纵向)的区域内，该区域从横向中线向前1英寸起至产品末端为止。涂布量＝0.006克/英寸2(9.3克/米2)。

Claims (40)

1.一种一次性吸湿制品，它包含：
A)一个不透湿性底层；
B)一个透湿性上层；和
C)一个位于上层和底层之间的吸湿芯，
其中至少一部分上层上涂布有有效量的洗剂组合物，它能部分转移到穿用者的皮肤上，所述洗剂组合物包含：
(i)10％至95％的基本上无水、在20℃下具有塑性或流体稠度的润肤剂，其中所述润肤剂含有5％或更少的水，所述润肤剂选自石油基润肤剂、脂肪酸酯润肤剂、烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪醇润肤剂、聚硅氧烷润肤剂及它们的混合物；
(ii)5％至90％的一种能将所述润肤剂固定在所述上层上的固定剂，其中固定剂的熔点至少为35℃，所述固定剂选自多羟基脂肪酸酯、多羟基脂肪酸酰胺、C14-C22脂肪醇、C12-C22脂肪酸、C12-C22脂肪醇乙氧基化物、蜡及它们的混合物，且固定剂能与润肤剂混溶。
2.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中润肤剂包括的石油基润肤剂包括链长为16-32个碳原子的烃的混合物，选自矿物油、矿脂及其混合物。
3.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中润肤剂包括脂肪酸酯润肤剂，选自十六烷酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、十二烷酸异丙酯、十四烷酸异丙酯、十六烷酸异丙酯、十六烷酸乙基己酯、乳酸十二烷基酯和乳酸十六烷基酯及它们的混合物。
4.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中润肤剂包括烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂，选自平均乙氧基化度为2至30的C12-C18脂肪醇乙氧基化物。
5.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂组合物包含5％至50％的所述固定剂，所述固定剂的熔点至少为40℃。
6.权利要求5的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包含C14-C22脂肪醇。
7.权利要求6的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包括C16-C18脂肪醇，选自十六烷醇、硬脂醇及它们的混合物。
8.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包含多羟基脂肪酸酯，选自C16-C22饱和脂肪酸脱水山梨醇酯、C16-C22饱和脂肪酸甘油单酯和C12-C22饱和脂肪酸蔗糖酯。
9.权利要求8的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包含多羟基脂肪酸酯，选自十六烷酸脱水山梨醇酯、硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯、二十二烷酸脱水山梨醇酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、甘油单十六烷酸酯、甘油单二十二烷酸酯、硬脂酸蔗糖单酯和二酯、十二烷酸蔗糖单酯和二酯。
10.权利要求9的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包括硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯。
11.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包括下式的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺：
Figure C9519662700031
其中R1是H、C1-C4烃基，2-羟乙基、2-羟丙基、甲氧乙基、甲氧丙基或它们的混合物；R2是C5-C31烃基；和Z是多羟基烃基部分，其直链烃基上至少有3个羟基直接与该链相连接。
12.权利要求11的一次性吸湿制品，其中R1是N-甲基、N-乙基、N-丙基、N-异丙基、N-丁基、N-2-羟乙基、N-甲氧丙基或N-2-羟丙基；R2是C11-C17的直链烷基或链烯基，或它们的混合物；Z是葡糖醇基。
13.权利要求11的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包括多羟基脂肪酸酰胺，选自N-十二烷基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、N-十二烷基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺、N-椰油酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺、N-椰油酰基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺、N-十六烷基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺、N-牛油酰基-N-甲基葡糖酰胺和N-牛油酰基-N-甲氧丙基葡糖酰胺。
14.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中固定剂包括选自巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、石蜡、纯地蜡、西班牙草油、小冠椰子油、rezo蜡及其混合物。
15.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中所述的固定剂包括选自十六烷酸、硬脂酸及其混合物的脂肪酸。
16.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂组合物还包含1％至50％亲水性表面活性剂，所述表面活性剂的HLB值至少为4。
17.权利要求16的一次性吸湿制品，其中所述的亲水性表面活性剂为非离子性的，且HLB值为4至20。
18.权利要求17的一次性吸湿制品，其中所述的亲水性表面活性剂包括乙氧基化醇，其烷基链具有8至22个碳原子，其平均乙氧基化度为1至54。
19.权利要求18的一次性吸湿制品，其中所述的乙氧基化醇的烷基链具有11至22个碳原子，其平均乙氧基化度为2至30。
20.权利要求16的一次性吸湿制品，其中所述的亲水性表面活性剂包含C12-C18脂肪酸的乙氧基化脱水山梨醇酯，其平均乙氧基化度为2至20。
21.权利要求1的吸湿制品，其中所述的润肤剂还包括多达总润肤剂10％的一种润肤剂，选自聚丙二醇、甘油、三甘醇、鲸蜡或其它蜡、脂肪酸、脂肪链上具有12至28个碳原子的脂肪醇醚、多羟基醇的脂肪酸酯、羊毛脂及其衍生物，以及它们的混合物。
22.权利要求1的吸湿制品，其中所述的洗剂组合物还包括选自纤维素衍生物、蛋白质、卵磷脂以及它们的混合物的稳定剂。
23.权利要求1的吸湿制品，其中所述的洗剂组合物还包括至少一种选自水、粘度改性剂、香精、消毒剂、抗菌活性成分、药物活性成分、成膜剂、除臭剂、遮光剂、收敛剂、溶剂和它们的混合物的物质。
24.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂组合物在上层上的量为0.1毫克/平方英寸至25毫克/平方英寸。
25.权利要求24的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂组合物在上层上的量为1毫克/平方英寸至10毫克/平方英寸。
26.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂涂层不均匀地涂布在上层上。
27.权利要求26的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂以与一次性吸湿制品的纵向中线对齐并以其为中心的条状而涂布。
28.权利要求26的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂涂布在上层的某些部分上，另一些部分上没有涂布洗剂。
29.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中吸湿制品是尿布、失禁用品、尿布托或运动裤。
30.权利要求1的一次性吸湿制品，其中吸湿制品是卫生巾或裤垫。
31.一次性吸湿制品，包括：
A)一个不透湿性底层；
B)一个透湿性上层；和
C)一个位于上层和底层之间的吸湿芯，
其中至少一部分上层包含有效量的洗剂组合物，洗剂组合物包括润肤剂和固定剂；并且其中洗剂组合物以不均匀的图案涂布在上层上；其中所述洗剂组合物包含：
(i)10％至95％的基本上无水、在20℃下具有塑性或流体稠度的润肤剂，其中所述润肤剂含有5％或更少的水，所述润肤剂选自石油基润肤剂、脂肪酸酯润肤剂、烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪醇润肤剂、聚硅氧烷润肤剂及它们的混合物；和
(ii)5％至90％的一种能将所述润肤剂固定在所述上层上的固定剂，其中固定剂的熔点至少为35℃，所述固定剂选自多羟基脂肪酸酯、多羟基脂肪酸酰胺、C14-C22脂肪醇、C12-C22脂肪酸、C12-C22脂肪醇乙氧基化物、蜡及它们的混合物，且固定剂能与润肤剂混溶。
32.权利要求31的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂组合物涂布在上层的一些部分上，而另一些部分上没有洗剂。
33.权利要求31的一次性吸湿制品，其中洗剂以与一次性吸湿制品的纵向中线对齐并以其为中心的条状涂布。
34.权利要求33的一次性吸湿制品，其中在上层上的洗剂组合物的量为0.1毫克/平方英寸至25毫克/平方英寸。
35.制备在至少一部分上层上分配有洗剂组合物的吸湿制品的方法，其中该方法包括下列步骤：
(1)提供一个上层；和
(2)将洗剂组合物涂布在上层上，洗剂组合物包括：
(i)10％至95％的基本上无水、在20℃下具有塑性或流体稠度的润肤剂，其中所述润肤剂含有5％或更少的水，所述润肤剂选自石油基润肤剂、脂肪酸酯润肤剂、烷基乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物润肤剂、脂肪醇润肤剂、聚硅氧烷润肤剂及它们的混合物；
(ii)5％至90％的一种能将所述润肤剂固定在所述上层上的固定剂，其中固定剂的熔点至少为35℃，所述固定剂选自多羟基脂肪酸酯、多羟基脂肪酸酰胺、C14-C22脂肪醇、C12-C22脂肪酸、C12-C22脂肪醇乙氧基化物、蜡及它们的混合物，且固定剂能与润肤剂混溶。
36.权利要求35的方法，其中该方法选自喷涂、印制、涂覆、挤压或者其组合。
37.权利要求36的方法，其中涂布步骤是挤压。
38.权利要求35的方法，其中洗剂组合物在涂布到上层上时至少是半固体。
39.权利要求38的方法，还包括将洗剂组合物冷却到足够低以使洗剂组合物固化的温度的步骤。
40.权利要求39的方法，其中固定剂冷却时结晶。
CN95196627A 1994-11-28 1995-10-26 上层涂有洗剂的吸湿性制品 Expired - Lifetime CN1127987C (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102215882A (zh) * 2008-11-14 2011-10-12 宝洁公司 用于粪便和经液的具有粘附性的基底
CN103282060A (zh) * 2010-10-08 2013-09-04 宝洁公司 具有乳液的吸收制品
CN106456390A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2017-02-22 尤妮佳股份有限公司 吸收性物品
CN106456390B (zh) * 2014-06-06 2019-09-17 尤妮佳股份有限公司 吸收性物品

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FI972237A0 (fi) 1997-05-27
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JP4255883B2 (ja) 2009-04-15
SA96160533B1 (ar) 2005-09-19
JP2010075733A (ja) 2010-04-08
WO1996016682A1 (en) 1996-06-06
ZA9510061B (en) 1996-06-18
HK1005654A1 (en) 1999-01-22
JP2009137964A (ja) 2009-06-25
US20080249491A1 (en) 2008-10-09
AR000203A1 (es) 1997-05-21
JP2004298643A (ja) 2004-10-28
TW299226B (zh) 1997-03-01
JP3222470B2 (ja) 2001-10-29
US5968025A (en) 1999-10-19
CZ161197A3 (en) 1997-10-15
MX9703881A (es) 1997-08-30
CN1168638A (zh) 1997-12-24
US6586652B1 (en) 2003-07-01
US6627787B1 (en) 2003-09-30
US6825393B2 (en) 2004-11-30
MY114905A (en) 2003-02-28
FI972237A (fi) 1997-05-27
HUT77662A (hu) 1998-07-28
DE69524630D1 (de) 2002-01-24
US5643588A (en) 1997-07-01
DE69524630T2 (de) 2002-08-08
JPH10509896A (ja) 1998-09-29
CZ297874B6 (cs) 2007-04-18
ES2164783T3 (es) 2002-03-01
PE1897A1 (es) 1997-02-12
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TR199501494A2 (tr) 1996-07-21
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CA2205027C (en) 2003-12-23
CA2205027A1 (en) 1996-06-06
AU4135496A (en) 1996-06-19
US6118041A (en) 2000-09-12
NO972394L (no) 1997-07-28
US20030167043A1 (en) 2003-09-04
EP0794804B1 (en) 2001-12-12
NO972394D0 (no) 1997-05-26

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Assignee: Guangzhou Procter & Gamble Company Limited

Assignor: Procter & Gamble (Procter & Gan Paul company)

Contract fulfillment period: 2007.7.1 to 2014.12.31 contract change

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Denomination of invention: Diaper having a lotioned topsheet

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