CN1125626C - 有纤维素传输层的吸收性制品 - Google Patents

有纤维素传输层的吸收性制品 Download PDF

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CN1125626C
CN1125626C CN96199601A CN96199601A CN1125626C CN 1125626 C CN1125626 C CN 1125626C CN 96199601 A CN96199601 A CN 96199601A CN 96199601 A CN96199601 A CN 96199601A CN 1125626 C CN1125626 C CN 1125626C
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CN1207661A (zh
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陈芳洲
R·L·迪尼克
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Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/5376—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the performance of the layer, e.g. acquisition rate, distribution time, transfer time
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53743—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers
    • A61F13/53747—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers the layer is facing the topsheet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
    • A61F2013/15487—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking
    • A61F2013/15495—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking pore dimension

Abstract

公开了一种带有传输层的吸收性制品。该传输层位于面层与吸收性材料之间，其平均自由程在约50μ-约200μ范围内。在一个优选的实施方案中该传输层主要由纤维素材料组成。本发明优于现有技术是该传输层能同时有效地将体液诸如月经中的流态组分和粘性组分分散开来，使吸收性制品的吸收能力得到更大程度的利用。

Description

有纤维素传输层的吸收性制品
技术领域
本发明涉及一次性的吸收性制品，该制品包含位于邻接主吸收性材料的纤维素传输层。更具体而言，本发明涉及具有特殊性能的纤维素传输层，该层紧邻并覆盖在主吸收性材料的朝向身体的表面的一部分上。
背景技术
一般说来，一次性的吸收性制品就其结构而论，包括位于透液性面层与不透液阻隔层之间的吸收芯。面层材料通常旨在让身体的流出液透过，便于吸收芯吸收这些体液。阻隔层材料通常不能使体液透过，安置于适当位置以使体液与身体隔开。此处所用的术语“吸收性制品”指的就是诸如尿布、卫生巾、训练裤、成人失禁用服，夜间用垫、短裤衬里、护腋罩、以及医疗用的其它吸收性物件诸如外科吸收用品。上述各制品是用于吸收体液的，诸如尿液、月经、血液、汗液以及身体排出的其它排泄物。只是为了明确或举例的目的，此处所述的实施方案将是以卫生巾的形态，也叫做例假衬垫，妇女用垫、夜间用垫、短裤衬里以及短裤护罩；所有这些都是供妇女穿用以在月经之前、期间及之后吸收月经及其它排出的体液。这类产品都是外用物件，通常用一种服用胶粘带或借助机械连接把产品固定在邻接的内衣上。
一次性的吸收性制品的一个尚待解决的问题是，身体的排泄物通常只流向一部分吸收性材料，而材料的吸收能力却是大面积分布的。这种集中于局部的体液危害会导致传统的由多层纤维素材料制成的卫生巾塌陷。这种塌陷阻止了流体下渗并使纤维素材料的回弹性大幅度地降低，这又会导致卫生巾破裂而弄脏穿用者和/或她的衣服。
为了提高吸收性材料的使用性能，在结构上已经增添了一层或几层传输层。通常用于此层的材料是非织造聚合物纤网。这种结构的缺点在于其固有的疏水性。为提高其亲水性，可用表面活性剂涂布纤网并把纤网做得具有较为封闭的孔隙结构。这种材料的一个实例是由Kimberly·Clark公司供应的一种熔喷材料。
由于月经流出物是不均匀的组合物，它含有诸如血浆和血球之类的流体，以及诸如粘液和组织之类的高粘稠物质，这类高分子传输层所遇到的问题是，闭孔结构滤出了流体状的组分；而较粘稠物质，例如粘液和组织则粘附在传输层朝向身体的表面上。这也会促使吸收性制品的破裂而弄脏穿用者和/或她的衣服。可供选择的方法，当传输层的孔隙结构粗大时，排出的流体没有充分分散，听任体液集中于局部吸收，产生了上述有关吸收性材料集中于局部利用的问题。因此，有必要使传输层不但能分散流体状物质而且能分散较粘稠的物质。
发明内容
简短地说，本发明提供一种一次性的吸收性制品，该制品具有带有朝向身体的表面的的吸收性材料和纤维素传输层。该传输层放在至少一部分该朝向身体的表面上并与吸收性材料处于液体联通状态。该传输层的平均自由程(MFP)在50μ-约200μ范围内。在一个优选的实施方案中该传输层除平均自由程以外还可以有下列一项或多项参数：平均孔径(MPS)在约18μ-约60μ范围内，牛血吸收速率低于约20秒。意想不到的是，已经发现，平均自由程在约50μ-约200μ范围内的传输层能够把诸如月经之类的体液中的流体状组分和粘性组分两者都有效地传送到吸收性材料中。
本发明的总目的是提供一种带有纤维素传输层的吸收性制品。本发明的更具体的目的是提供一种纤维素传输层，该层能更有效地芯吸诸如月经之类的体液中的较粘稠的组分。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种卫生巾，其纤维素传输层使卫生巾的吸收能力得到更大的利用。
附图说明
当参照下列本发明详述和下列本发明卫生巾的局部剖视透视图(即：附图1)时，对本发明将会有更充分的理解，本发明另外的优点将会变得显而易见。
具体实施方式
下列详述涉及一种一次性的卫生巾制品。但是不言而喻，本发明的吸收性材料的结构理应同样适用于其它吸收性制品，诸如尿布、成人用失禁用服，伤口敷料等。
参照附图，表示一种卫生巾10。卫生巾10的形态和结构是一般通用的，故只作概括描述。卫生巾10包括朝向身体的面层12，朝向衣服的阻隔层14、位于面层12与阻隔层14之间的吸收性材料16、以及位于吸收性材料16与面层12之间的传输层18。为了把卫生巾10固定在穿用者的内衣上，卫生巾10可以包括位于朝向衣服的阻隔层14的表面上的衣服胶粘带20。衣服胶粘带20也可以用剥离带22覆盖，适用的剥离带材料是硅油涂布的牛皮纸或薄膜。
更详细地着眼于各部件，面层12是透流体性的，位于朝向身体的一侧，即卫生巾10与穿用者身体接触的一侧。提供面层12的目的在于舒适与贴体，其作用是使体液离开身体而流向吸收性材料16。优选的是，面层12的材料应在沿着平行于面层12的水平面允许流体穿过而不明显地芯吸它们。面层12结构中应当很少或毫不保留有流体以便为穿用者提供一个比较干爽的贴身表面。面层12可由任何织造或非织造材料组成，能让与此面层接触的体液不费力地透过。适用的材料包括聚酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、或其它热粘合纤维，诸如丙烯和乙烯共聚物之类的聚烯烃、线型低密度聚乙烯的粘合梳理纤网，细孔膜纤网和网状材料也很见效。其它适用材料是一种聚合物和一种非织造布材料组成的复合材料。复合片材的成型方法通常是把聚合物挤塑到纺粘材料纤网上成型为整体片材。透液性面层12也可包含许多小孔(未示出)以提高体液透入吸收性材料16的速率。
可用表面活性剂处理面层12的至少部分朝向身体的表面以使面层12变得更加亲水。这使排出的流体更易穿透面层12。表面活性剂也减少下列发生的可能，即排出的流体，诸如月经液，会流出面层12而不是被吸收芯18所吸收。优选的是，表面活性剂基本上均匀完整地分布在覆盖卫生巾10的吸收性材料16的面层12至少部分贴身表面上。
吸收性材料16通常由一种或多种亲水、可压缩、贴体并对穿用者皮肤无刺激性的材料组成。本领域已知的可接受的材料包括，例如各种天然或合成纤维、木浆纤维、再生纤维素或棉纤维，或者纸浆与其它纤维的混合物。吸收性材料也可由用于吸收性制品的其它已知材料，诸如纤维素泡沫、亲水合成泡沫诸如聚氨酯等组成。吸收性材料16的总吸收能力应与卫生巾10预定应用的设计流出物质负荷相一致。
吸收性材料16可含有对保留体液有效的超吸收性材料。超吸收性材料相对于其自身重量来说，具有吸收大量流体的能力。用于吸收性制品诸如卫生巾的典型超吸收性材料能吸收大约5到60倍其自身重量的体液。可把超吸收性材料加到吸收性材料16里作为单独层或与纤维素绒掺合。超吸收性材料可呈碎片状、颗粒状、薄膜状、粉粒状、纤维状等。
阻隔层14位于吸收性材料16朝向内衣的表面上，可由可得到的任何不透液性的材料构成。优选的是，阻隔层14将会允许空气和湿气离开卫生巾10然而却能阻止体液通过。一种有效的材料是微压花聚合薄膜，诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯，其厚度为约0.025-0.13mm。也可以用双组分薄膜以及业已经过处理使之具有不透液性的织造及非织造布。另一种适用的材料是闭孔聚烯烃泡沫。厚度从约0.5mm到约10mm的闭孔聚乙烯泡沫很见效。
在卫生巾10的一个优选的实施方案中，面层12和阻隔层14延伸至超出吸收性材料16且粘合在一起形成周缘密封24。周缘密封24包裹着卫生巾10的吸收性组分以防流体从吸收性材料16一侧渗出并为穿用者形成松软舒适的侧边。可用本领域通常已知的任何方法把面层12和阻隔层14粘合在一起，诸如胶合、锁缝、压合和/或热合以及超声焊合。
传输层18至少部分覆盖吸收性材料16并与吸收性材料16处于液体联通。本领域的技术人员认为“传输层”也可叫做吸入分散层。在本文中这两个词可以互换使用。合乎需要的是，传输层18位于面层12和吸收性材料16之间。传输层18的加工尺寸可从长宽几mm到与吸收性材料16尺寸相同。合乎需要的是，传输层18的宽度为约10mm-约75mm，其长度比吸收性材料16短。为实现月经中的流体状组分和粘稠组分二者都被吸收这一双重功能，对本发明的一项严格要求是：传输层18要基本由平均自由程50μ-约200μ范围的材料组成。优选的是，传输层18由纤维素材料组成。合乎需要的是，传输层18的平均自由程是约50μ-约150μ，优选的是约50μ-约100μ。“平均自由程”的定义为基质中的要素即纤维的全部可能配对之间的平均边到边不间断距离。有关此参数的测定方法下面将作较详细的说明。
除平均自由程以外，传输层18优选还具有1个或多个下列参数：有效平均孔径为约18μ-约60μ以及吸收速率低于约20秒。
合乎需要的是，传输层18的平均孔径是约20μ-约60μ，更优选的是约30μ-约60μ。使用Coulter微孔测径仪测定传输层18的平均孔径，该仪器由下列公司提供：Coulter Electronics Ltd.，Northwell Drive，Luton Beds LU33RH，England。使用方法在操作人员手册中有说明，其公开的内容收作本文的参考文献。
合乎需要的是，传输层18的吸收速率低于15秒，优选低于约10秒。传输层18的吸收速率用下列的方法测定。把一片聚合物(约30.5cm×15.3cm)放置在实验桌上以防止血液透过吸收性材料。基材则放置在此片聚合物上。基材可以是15.3cm长×6.4cm宽×1.3cm厚的短纤浆粕垫，其单位重量为768g/m2(gsm)，或是19.1cm长×6.4cm宽×0.6cm厚的75％短纤浆/25％熔喷纤网，其单位重量为540gsm(180gsm 3层)，与14.3gsm苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物底片的复合成形材料。136mm长×36mm宽的传输材料带被放置在基材上面正中央。重273g的10.2cm宽×10.2cm长×2.5cm厚的、在中心开成5.1cm长×1.3cm宽的椭圆孔的聚丙烯酸块料放置在传送材料上面正中央。在传输材料带展平状态下，把10毫升(10cc)牛血草酸盐(Cocalico Biologicals Inc，P.O.Box 265Reamstown，PA 17576提供)吸入到一支20毫升(20cc)注射器(Pharmaseal 20cc Lock Tip)中。把注射器上多余牛血擦掉。然后将牛血在3秒时段内注入椭圆孔中心。牛血完全进孔后立即启动计时器，当看到全部牛血从块料孔穴中被吸收干净时停止计时器。吸收10毫升(10cc)牛血所需的时间就是吸收速率。两次试验之间要把聚丙烯酸块料洗净。
适合于用作传输层的纤维素材料的材料的例子是一种单位重量为约30gsm-约120gsm的无皱纹穿透空气干燥片材(UCTAD)。UCTAD片材的制备方法公开在US 5,048,589，Crook等人，91年9月17日，和US5,399,412，Sudall等人95年3月21日，其专利权皆转让给Kimberly-Clark公司，其全部公开内容均收入本文并作为其一部分。广义地说，此法包括下列步骤：纤维素纤维、水、和化学湿强度树脂制成配料；把配料沉积在多孔运输带上面从而在运输带上形成纤维网，对纤维网进行非压榨干燥以除去其中水分，然后从多孔运输带取下干纤维网。
                         实施例
为了与本发明的传输层进行比较，制备了若干高分子传输层的试样。测定了各种传输层试样的平均自由程、平均孔径和吸收速率，结果列于下表中。孔径和吸收速率是按上述方法测定的，平均自由程的测定方法是，借助纤网的塑料切片的电脑辅助图象分析进行测定，偏光显微镜成象。薄光学切片为分析提供一个合适的二维视场。视场是由空隙空间和纤维截断部分组成的，由这些导出平均自由程。
用低粘度环氧树脂(Ladd Research Industries，Ltd.，Burlington，Vermont提供)浸透聚硅氧烷模内的每一传输层材料。该树脂在65℃下聚合36小时。用切片钢刀从每一块料切下10微米厚的切片，盖在显微镜玻璃载片上，然后用偏光显微镜观察。用一架Dage MTIVE1000CCD黑白照像机对每种材料切片的6个随机选择的图象视场由显微镜中进行数字化处理，然后用Sun Sparc 20工作站，运行FGTIMIX Feature Analysis软件进行分析，该软件是由Princeton GammaTech，Inc.，1200 State Rd.，Princeton New Jersey提供的)。成象放大倍数对高疏松材料切片为10X，该高疏松材料诸如UCTAD、双组分纤维材料(Kimberly Clark公司提供的商品名为“PRISM”和“TABBI”)，以及由聚酯、人造丝及聚合物纤维诸如C.Itoh公司销售的商品名为“CHISSO”等构成的纤维状共混物。成象放大倍数对较紧密的熔喷材料和纸浆薄纸材料为25X。用一个检定合格的台式测微计(Graticules Ltd.，Part# S8 McCrone Associates)，分成10微米增量，对上两个放大倍数的图象进行标定。把偏光图象转换为二进制数据(binarized)并进行处理以填上纤维中夹杂的孔和空隙。平均自由程的计算方法是，首先测量空隙空间所占总视场的分数。这一分数除以视场中与光栅试验线相交的纤维的截断部分数被全部试验线的总单位长度除的商。材料        单位重量            MFP         MPS            吸收速率
         (gsm)             (μm)       (μm)       纸浆     复合成形材UCTAD         60                75.9        29.6        12          5薄纸          30                37.7        21.1        30          22熔喷          60                69.7        15.0        15          101PRISM        40                275.0       117.5       4           32TABBI        50                1584.3      ＞300*     1           2CHISSO        90                714.1       81.82       3           3
1聚乙烯和聚丙烯的双组分纺粘纤维，US 5,382,400，Pike等人95年1月17日公布，其公开的内容收作本文的参考。
2聚乙烯和聚酯的皮芯短纤维的穿透空气粘合梳理双组分纤维网，大致如US 3,589,956，Kramz等人67年9月22日公布所述，其公开的内容收作本文的参考。
*此平均孔径值大于该仪器的测量能力。
由上表所列数据，很明显，平均自由孔径从约50μ-约200μ的纤维素传输层，与通常用于吸收性制品的聚合材料相比，具有优越的芯吸能力和吸收速率。
本发明已参照一个优选的实施方案并就许多任选的特征作了描述和举例说明。可是本领域的技术人员将会意识到，在不偏离本文件精神的情况下可以做出各种各样的替换、省略、变动和修改，因此意图是，前面的描述只被认为是本发明优选范围的例子，而不被认为是对它的限制。

Claims (20)

1.一种吸收性制品，该制品包含不透液性阻隔层、具有朝向身体的表面的吸收性材料，和一种放在该朝向身体表面至少一部分上的传输层，所述吸收性材料被放置在所述阻隔层和所述传输层之间，所述传输层与该吸收性材料处于液体联通，其特征在于该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-200μ范围内。
2.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-150μ范围内。
3.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-100μ范围内。
4.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均孔径在18μ-60μ范围内。
5.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均孔径在20μ-60μ范围内。
6.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均孔径在30μ-60μ范围内。
7.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的牛血吸收速率低于20秒。
8.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的牛血吸收速率低于10秒。
9.权利要求1的吸收性制品，其中该传输层主要包含一种纤维素材料。
10.权利要求4的吸收性制品还含有一种透液性面层，所述传输层含有一种位于该面层与该吸收性材料之间的纤维素传输层。
11.权利要求4的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-150μ范围内。
12.权利要求10的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均孔径在20μ-60μ范围内。
13.权利要求4的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的牛血吸收速率低于20秒。
14.权利要求4的吸收性制品，其中该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-100μ范围内。
15.权利要求4的吸收性制品，所述吸收性制品包括一种卫生巾，所述卫生巾还包含一种透液性面层、被放置在所述面层与所述阻隔层之间的吸收性材料和一种被放置在该面层与该吸收性材料之间的纤维素传输层。
16.权利要求15的卫生巾，其中该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-150μ范围内，以及平均孔径在20μ-60μ范围内。
17.权利要求15的卫生巾，其中该传输层的平均自由程在50μ-100μ范围内，以及平均孔径在30μ-60μ范围内。
18.权利要求15的卫生巾，其中该传输层的牛血吸收速率低于20秒。
19.权利要求15的卫生巾，其中该传输层的牛血吸收速率低于10秒。
20.权利要求4的吸收性制品，所述吸收性制品包括一种卫生巾，所述卫生巾还包含一种透液性面层、被放置在所述面层与所述阻隔层之间的吸收性材料和一种被放置在该面层与该吸收性材料之间的纤维素传输层，所述传输层的特征，还在于其平均自由程在50μ-100μ范围内，平均孔径在30μ-60μ，以及牛血吸收速率低于20秒。
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PL184117B1 (pl) 2002-09-30
ES2176504T3 (es) 2002-12-01
WO1997017925A1 (en) 1997-05-22
BR9611318A (pt) 1999-05-11
DE69621639D1 (de) 2002-07-11
IL124338A (en) 2003-01-12
SK63298A3 (en) 1998-11-04
IL124338A0 (en) 1998-12-06
KR19990067504A (ko) 1999-08-25
CN1207661A (zh) 1999-02-10
JP2000500993A (ja) 2000-02-02
EP0863734B1 (en) 2002-06-05
CZ147198A3 (cs) 1998-09-16
KR100432842B1 (ko) 2005-01-15
AU7473896A (en) 1997-06-05
AR004577A1 (es) 1998-12-16
PL326637A1 (en) 1998-10-12
CA2235383A1 (en) 1997-05-22
MX9803593A (es) 1998-09-30
DE69621639T2 (de) 2002-09-19
AU720099B2 (en) 2000-05-25
EP0863734A1 (en) 1998-09-16
US6206865B1 (en) 2001-03-27

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