CN1122508C - 具有可透气的不透液体的底片的一次性吸湿用品 - Google Patents

具有可透气的不透液体的底片的一次性吸湿用品 Download PDF

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CN1122508C
CN1122508C CN97180673A CN97180673A CN1122508C CN 1122508 C CN1122508 C CN 1122508C CN 97180673 A CN97180673 A CN 97180673A CN 97180673 A CN97180673 A CN 97180673A CN 1122508 C CN1122508 C CN 1122508C
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absorbent article
egative film
diaper
disposable absorbent
transmitance
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CN1240342A (zh
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约翰·J·柯罗
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51456Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties
    • A61F13/51458Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties being air-pervious or breathable
    • A61F13/51462Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties being air-pervious or breathable being defined by a value or parameter
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51474Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure
    • A61F13/51478Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure being a laminate, e.g. multi-layered or with several layers
    • A61F13/5148Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure being a laminate, e.g. multi-layered or with several layers having an impervious inner layer and a cloth-like outer layer

Abstract

一种一次性吸湿用品,包括透气的但不透液体的底片。一次性吸湿用品最好包括可透液体的顶片,固定在顶片上的透气但不透液体的底片,和位于顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。透气但不透液体的底片在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,应表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,且表现出至少为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。

Description

具有可透气的不透液体的底片的 一次性吸湿用品
技术领域
本发明涉及诸如一次性尿布,失禁短裤,失禁内衣,失禁垫妇女卫生衣物,训练裤,套穿式衣物等的一次性吸湿用品,特别涉及具有可透气的不透液体的底片的一次性吸湿用品。
背景技术
婴儿和其他失禁者穿用诸如尿布的一次性吸湿用品以接收并容纳尿液和其它身体排出物。一次性吸湿用品不但用于容纳身体排出物,而且还用于使这些身体排出物与穿用者的身体,穿用者的衣物以及床单隔离。在本领域中已公知具有多种不同设计构型的一次性吸湿用品。还已知一次性吸湿用品的外部用柔性的,液体和空气不能透过的片层覆盖,以防止任何吸收流体穿透尿布而脏污相邻的诸如衣物,床单等的物体。尽管这类底片确实能防止流体穿透尿布,但是由于其不透空气和/或湿气的特性,会令穿用者感觉尿布很热且不舒适
可透过蒸气的底片通常为透气底片,其在本领域中已有公开。通常,这些底片会允许蒸气透过,同时至少在一定程度上能阻碍流体的透过。例如,1964年11月10授予Crowe,Jr的美国专利US.Pat.No.3,156,242公开了采用微孔薄膜作为透气底片。1975年5月6授予Hartwell的美国专利US.Pat.No.3,881,489公开了一种透气底片,包括结合在一起的两层,其中第一层是低空隙率的穿孔热塑薄膜,而第二层是高空隙率的多孔疏水薄纸。1976年11月2授予Sisson的美国专利US.Pat.No.3,989,867公开了一种透气底片,具有在允许蒸气穿透该层的同时防止流体透过的锥形中空凸起。
这些底片虽然能对本领域普遍采用的不透气底片带来改进,但是发现在一般的使用状态下,该底片不能足够地不透液体。例如,当用作尿布的底片时,由于婴儿坐下时的冲击该底片会使尿液透过。这种流体被强制透过该材料的性能造成了尿液废物穿透尿布的后果是不期望发生的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种具有好的容纳特性同时又是透气的以保证穿用者的舒适性的一次性吸湿用品。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种包括在一般使用条件下具有良好容纳特性的透气底片的一次性吸湿用品。
通过下面参照附图的描述,本发明的这些和其它目的将更为明显。
本发明提供一种一次性吸湿用品,如一次性尿布,其底片的至少一部分是透气的且不透液体的。该一次性吸湿用品最好包括一容纳组件,该容纳组件包括可透液体的顶片,接合在顶片上的底片,和位于所述顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。吸湿芯具有一对相对的纵向边,内表面和外表面。在一些实施例中,底片的至少一部分在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,应表现出大致为零的动力液体透过,且还表现出至少为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。在另外的实施例中,整个底片在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,应表现出大致为零的动力液体透过,且还表现出至少为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。底片包括至少两层结合在一起的层面。
附图说明
尽管说明书归结为具体指出并明确保护构成本发明主题的权利要求,但是通过下述接合附图的描述将使本发明得到更好的理解,在附图中相同的附图标记用来指明大致相同的元件。附图中:
图1是本发明的一次性尿布的平面图,其局部被切除以示出下层结构,尿布的内表面朝向观察者;
图1A是处于展平未收缩状态的本发明的一次性尿布的简化平面图,示出了尿布的不同的片或区域;
图2是简化地示出用于确定流体冲击值的装置的视图;
图3是本发明另一个尿布实施例的平面图;
图4是本发明又一尿布实施例的平面图;
图5是本发明又一尿布实施例的平面图。
具体实施方式
在本文中,“吸湿性用品”一词是指可吸收和容纳身体排出物的物品,具体说,是指那些放置在与穿用者身体相贴的地方或相邻的地方以吸收或容纳从身体排出的不同排出物的物品。“一次性”一词用来描述那些不打算洗涤或作为吸湿用品再次保存或再次使用的(即在一次使用后就扔掉,并且最好是以与环境相容的方式再循环、合成或进行其它处理)。“整体”吸湿用品指的是由分开的部件组合在一起形成统一整体的吸湿用品,从而不需要分开的用手操作的片,如单独的支持件和衬垫。
本发明的吸湿用品的一个优选实施例是如图1所示的整体的一次性吸湿用品,尿布。在这里,“尿布”一词指的是通常由婴儿和失禁者穿用的吸湿用品,通常穿在使用者的下躯干部。但是应该理解的是,本发明还适用于其它吸湿用品,诸如失禁短裤,失禁内衣,尿布支持件和衬里,妇女卫生衣物,训练裤,套穿式衣物等。
图1是处于展平未收缩状态的本发明的尿布20的平面图(即去除了弹性引起的收缩),其局部结构被切除以更清晰地示出尿布20的构型。如图1所示,尿布20最好包括容纳组件22,其具有顶片24,与顶片24接合的底片26以及位于顶片24和底片26之间的吸湿芯28。吸湿芯28具有一对相对的纵向边,内表面和外表面。尿布最好还包括弹性腿部件32;弹性腰部件34;和紧固系统,其最好包括一对固定件37和搭接件38。
图1所示尿布20的朝向穿戴者的的尿布部分,即内表面40与观察者相对。图1所示的尿布20具有内表面40(在图1中朝向观察者),与内表面40相对的外表面,后腰区44,与后腰区44相对的前腰区46,位于后腰区44和前腰区46之间的裆区48,以及由尿布20的外周或外边缘限定的周边,其中纵向边或侧边为50,端边为52。尿布20的内表面包括尿布20的在使用中与穿用者身体相邻的那部分(即内表面40通常由至少顶片24的一部分和其它接合在顶片24上的元件形成)。尿布20的外表面包括尿布20在使用中远离穿用者身体的那部分(即外表面42通常由至少底片26的一部分和其它接合在底片26上的元件形成。)在这里,“接合”一词包括元件通过直接附着在另一个元件上而直接固定在另一个元件上的构型,以及通过将其附着在中间元件上继而将中间元件附着在另一元件上而间接固定在另一元件上的构型。后腰区44和前腰区46从周边的端边52延伸到裆区48。
尿布20还具有两个中心线,即纵向中心线100和横向中心线110。在这里“纵向”一词指在尿布20平面中与在尿布穿用时将直立的穿用者等分成左右两半的竖直平面相对齐的(即大致平行)的线,轴或方向。在这里“横向”和“侧向”是可互换的,指处于尿布20的平面中大致与纵向方向垂直的线,轴或方向(其将穿用者分成身体前半部和后半部。)
图1A示出图1中的尿布20的简化平面图,描述了不同的片和彼此的相对位置。在这里“片”一词表明尿布的一个区域或元件。(虽然片通常为一个明确的区域或元件,但片也可以在一定程度上与相邻的片相重合(功能上一致)。)尿布20具有包括主片80和一对腿部片82的裆区48;包括中片86和侧片90的前腰区46,中片具有中间片86和腰带片88;以及包括中片和侧片90’的后腰区44,中片具有中间片86’和腰带片88’。主片80是尿布20上其它元件发源的部分。由于排出物一般就排放在主片区域上,吸湿芯通常位于主片80内,但吸湿芯也可以延伸到中间片86,86’中。腿部片82通常从主片80的每个侧边81开始并沿着每个侧边81横向向外延伸。每个腿部片82通常形成弹性腿部件的至少一部分。在前腰区46中,中片的中间片86通常从主片80的横向边85开始并沿横向边85纵向向外延伸。腰带片88通常从中间片86开始并沿着中间片86纵向向外延伸。各侧片90通常从中片开始沿着中片横向向外延伸。在后腰区44中,中片的中间片86’通常从主片80的横向边85开始并沿横向边纵向向外延伸。腰带片88’通常从中间片86’开始并沿着中间片86’纵向向外延伸。各侧片90’通常从中片开始沿着中片横向向外延伸。
再参照图1,所示出的尿布20的容纳组件22包括尿布20的主体(主体件)。容纳组件22最好包括顶片24,底片26和具有一对相对纵向边,内表面,外表面的吸湿芯28。吸湿芯的内表面通常朝向穿用者的身体,外表面通常朝向远离穿用者的身体。当吸湿用品包括独立的支持件和衬里时,容纳组件22通常包括支持件和衬里(即容纳组件22包括一层或多层形成支持件的材料,而衬里包括诸如顶片,底片和吸湿芯等的吸湿复合物。)对于整体的吸湿用品,容纳组件22最好包括顶片24,底片26和吸湿芯28以及附加有其他构件以形成复合尿布结构。
图1示出了容纳组件22的一个优选实施例,其中顶片24和底片26的长度和宽度尺寸比吸湿芯28的大。底片24和底片26延伸超过吸湿芯28的边缘由此形成尿布20的周边。顶片24,底片26和吸湿芯28可以以各种已知构型组合,示例性的容纳组件构型在下述文献中公开:1975年1月14日授予Kenneth B.B.Bell的名为“Contractible Side Portions for DisposableDiaper”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.3,860,003;1992年9月29日授予KennethB.Buell等人的名为“Absorbent Article With Dynamic Elastic Waist FeatureHaving A Predisposed Resilient Flexural Hinge”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,151,092;上述各文献在本文中被引作参考。
在图1所示的实施例中,底片26最好包括形成前腰区46,后腰区44及裆区48的连续的片或层。在这里,“层”一词并非将元件限于一个的材料层,实际上,层可包括所需类型材料的片或幅片的叠层或结合件。底片26具有内表面和相对的外表面。内表面是底片26上与吸湿芯相邻的部分。底片26的外表面与尿布20的外表面42对应。由于底片26最好形成前腰区46,后腰区44以及裆区48,所以底片26还具有先前限定的对应区域和片。(简单说,在附图中用与如图1A所示的对应的尿布区域和片相同的附图标记指明这些区域和片。)
在图1的实施例中,由于排出物通常排放在主片80中,所以吸湿芯位于主片80中,并延伸进中间片86和86’。在图1所示的实施例中,吸湿芯并未延伸入腿部片82,腰带片88和88’,或侧片90和90’。在另外的实施例中,吸湿芯可以延伸进腿部片82,腰带片88和88’,及侧片90和90’中的所有元件,或者部分元件。
本发明的底片26是尿布20上的通常远离穿用者皮肤的部分,其防止被吸收并容纳在吸湿芯28中的排出物弄湿与尿布20接触的诸如床单和内衣等的物品。因此,底片26是不透液体(如尿液)的。除了不透液体之外,底片26还是透气的。对于一次性尿布来说,特别是在热和潮湿的条件下透气性对于尿布性能是非常关键的。当吸湿用品被穿在穿用者身上时,皮肤被构成吸湿用品的材料所封闭。而这种对皮肤的封闭,特别是在热和潮湿的条件下,阻断了蒸发并阻碍了由此造成的封闭区的冷却。而分泌物会提高吸湿用品内部的空气的相对湿度,造成穿用者不舒适,以及令护理者感觉不好。
已发现,底片的水蒸汽透过率对减低热疹和与高热和潮湿条件有关的其他皮肤病的发病率是非常重要的。为了减低在吸湿用品内部形成的热和潮湿,应使底片26的至少一部分,更优选的是底片26的全部,具有的蒸汽质量透过率至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.,较优选的是至少约为2500g/m2/24hr.,最优选的是至少约为3000g/m2/24hr.。本发明的底片可以具有更高的蒸汽质量透过率,如至少约为4000g/m2/24hr.或更高的蒸汽质量透过率。
湿气蒸汽透过率是通过下述方法测量的。将已知量的CaCl2放入平底杯中。样品材料放置在杯子的顶部,并通过夹持环和衬垫保持固定。该组件被称重并记录为初始重量。将组件放置在恒温(40℃)和恒湿度(75%RH)的隔室内达5小时。然后,将组件从隔室中移出,并在平衡所处的室温下至少平衡30分钟。接着,称量组件并记录为最终重量。蒸汽质量透过率(MVTR)通过下式计算并以g/m2/24hr.表示:
传统尿布尝试采用透气材料以减低内部中的湿度。但是发现,当处于一般使用条件,如因婴儿坐下而产生的机械冲击的作用下时,这些材料不具备足够的不透液体特性。在一般使用条件下的流体被强制穿过该材料的这种特性造成了呈现不理想的尿液可透过底片的现有透气吸湿用品。因此,需要提供一种用于诸如一次性尿布的一次性吸湿用品上的底片,其不但是透气的,即表现出的MVTR至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.,而且在一般使用条件下(如婴儿坐下)的作用下还表现出大致为零动力液体穿透。在这里,“大致为零液体穿透”包括当将材料置于下文所述的液体动力冲击实验方法条件下时任何低于0.5g/m2的测量值。
下文所述的液体动力冲击实验方法设计用来模拟当婴儿突然从直立状态变为坐下状态时施加到尿布底片上的单位面积上的能量。虽然婴儿的其他的运动和活动(如在地面上滚动),也可以引起因液体穿透尿布底片造成的泄漏,但是坐下动作可以提供一个清晰的机械作用,其可以被分析以获得典型尿布使用条件下涉及的实际冲击能量的定量理解。
该液体动力冲击实验方法采用如图2所示的装置100。称出重量接近0.0001克的吸收材料102直接放置到冲击能量吸收垫103上。为此目的,吸收材料102可包括由Whatman Laboratory Disvision制造的由VWRScientific of Cleveland,OH分销的No.2过滤纸。吸收材料应能吸收并保持穿透被测试的底片材料的模拟尿液。冲击能量吸收垫103是碳黑填充的交联的橡胶泡沫。5英寸乘5英寸的方形冲击垫103密度为0.1132gm/cm3,厚度为0.3125英寸。根据ASTM2240-91冲击垫103的硬度测定值为A/30/15。
对量出直径为0.0635米(2.5英寸)的圆形吸湿芯材料104进行称量。为此,吸湿芯材料可以包括如1992年8月11日授予Herron等人的美国专利U.s.Pat.No.5,137,537所述的独立的、交联的木浆纤维素纤维。吸湿芯具有的单位重量约为228g/m2。然后,向吸湿芯材料施加约等于其10倍干重量的模拟尿液。这代表对吸湿芯已施加了足够的尿液。吸湿芯材料应该能够保持足够量的模拟尿液,如至少约为其干重的十倍。由此,目前用于商品尿布的其他吸湿芯材料也可以用作吸湿芯材料。模拟尿液可以是蒸馏水。
要测试的底片材料105的一部分以外表面朝下放置在清洁干燥的试验台上。加载的芯材料104直接放置在底片材料105的中心。然后将底片/芯结构用橡胶带109固定到冲击臂108的冲击部分107上。设置底片/芯结构使芯104与冲击部分107的底表面110相邻。冲击臂108被提高到一个理想的冲击角度,以提供理想的冲击能量。接着,冲击臂108落下,且在冲击时止动表(stop watch)被激活。然后,冲击臂停在滤纸102上达10秒。接着,提升冲击臂108,且移去滤纸102,并将其放置在数字称上。然后以三分钟时标记录湿滤纸的质量。计算动力液体透过率(DFTV)并用下列公式以g/m2表示:
Figure C9718067300101
用m2表示的冲击面积是冲击部分107底表面110的面积。冲击面积是0.00317m2。吸湿芯材料104应具有比表面110的冲击面积稍大的面积。
在表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率之外,合适的底片材料在受到约为1000J/m2的冲击能量作用下还应该具有大致为零的动力液体透过率。优选的是,本发明的底片在表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率的同时,还在约为2000J/m2,3000J/m2,4000J/m2的冲击能量作用下表现出大致为零的液体动力穿透值。本发明的底片在诸如至少约为5000J/m2的更高冲击能量作用下仍可表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
在约为1000J/m2的冲击能量作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,且表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率的合适底片包括诸如聚酯基薄膜的能透过足够的湿蒸汽的单层整体式薄膜;或包括两层或更多层诸如挤压附着在无纺网面上的聚酯基薄膜的层面。
对下列材料进行了上文所述的蒸汽质量透过率试验和液体动力冲击实验。
样品A-Exxon Chemical Company of Buffalo Grove,IL.的Exxon Exxair
      XFB-100W
样品B-Clopay Corporation,Cincinnati,OH.的DuPont Hytrel Filmblend     #P18-3097
样品C-Clopay Corporation,Cincinnati,OH.的DuPont Hytrel Filmblend     #P18-3096样品D-Minnesota Mining and Manutacturing Company of Minneapolis
 -Saint Paul,MN提供的透气试验薄膜。蒸汽质量透过率试验和液体动力冲击实验的结果如表1所示。
                    表1
              蒸汽质量透过率(MVTR)和
               动力液体透过率(DFTV)
样品               MVTR                    DFTV
                 g/m2/24hr.       g/m2(在1000J/m2条件下)
A                  5157                    3.96
B                  2400                    0.28
C                  3860                    0.40
D                  5242                    1.22
如表1所示,样品B和C在约为1000J/m2的冲击能量作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,还表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率。由此,由于样品B和C在一般使用条件下是透气且是足以不透液体的,因此样品B和C适于用作一次性尿布的底片。样品A和D是足够透气的(即其具有至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率),但是它们在约为1000J/m2的冲击能量作用下,表现出不让人接受的动力液体透过。
其它合适的底片材料是那些经过将这些关键特征在底片结构内空间分离从而在约为1000J/m2的冲击能量作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,而且还表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率的材料。例如,如果在通气部分具有至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率而且在约为1000J/m2的冲击能量作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率时,就可以使用选择性通气或开孔的底片。
底片26最好位于与吸湿芯28相邻的位置上,并可通过本领域公知的任何合适的固定方法接合在吸湿芯28上。例如,底片26可以通过下述方式固定到吸湿芯28上,如均匀连续的粘接剂层,粘接剂图案层,或者一组分离的粘接剂直线,螺旋线或点。令人满意的粘接剂是由H.B.Fuller Company ofSt.Paul,Minnesota制造的商品名为HL-1258。一个合适的固定方法的例子包括粘接剂丝的开式网状结构,是在1986年3月4日授予Minetola等人的名为“Disposable Waste-Containment Garment”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,573,986中公开的。其它的包括几条绕成螺旋形的粘接剂丝的合适的固定方法在下述文献的装置和方法中公开,即在1975年10月7日授予Sprague,Jr.的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.3,911,173;在1978年11月22日授予Ziecker等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,785,996;在1989年6月27授予Werenicz的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,842,666。上述专利被引作参考。或者,固定方法可包括:热粘接,压力粘接,超声波粘接,动力机械粘接,或其它合适的固定方法以及本领域已知的这些固定方法的组合。
本发明的实施例还可设计成其中的吸湿芯并不与底片26和/或顶片24接合,以在前腰区46和后腰区44中提供更大的延伸特性。
吸湿芯28可以是任何可压缩的,舒适的,对穿用者皮肤无刺激且能够吸收或容纳诸如尿液及其它身体排出物的流体的吸湿元件。如图1所示,吸湿芯28具有朝向衣物侧,朝向身体侧,一对侧边和一对腰部边。吸湿芯28可以制成各种形状和尺寸(如长方形、沙漏形、T形、不对称形等),并由一次性尿布和其它吸湿用品中通常采用的多种液体吸湿材料制成,例如通常称为“空气毡”的粉碎木浆。其它合适的吸湿材料包括起皱的纤维素填料,包括共成的熔喷聚合物;化学强化的改性或交联纤维素纤维;包括纸幅卷和纸幅叠层的纸幅;吸湿泡沫;吸湿海绵;超吸湿聚合物;吸湿凝胶材料;或任意等同材料及这些材料的组合。
吸湿芯28的构型和结构会是各种各样的(如吸湿芯可以具有不同的厚度区,不同亲水梯度,不同的超吸湿梯度,或较低的平均密度和较低平均重量的吸收区;或包括一个或多个层面或结构)。而且,吸湿芯的尺寸和吸湿能力各不相同从而适应从婴儿到成人的不同穿用者。但是,吸湿芯的总吸湿能力应该与设计承载能力和套穿式尿布20的设计用途匹配。
尿布20的一个实施例具有不对称的,改进的T形吸湿芯28,即其在前腰区中具有耳部而在后腰区大致呈矩形结构。已广泛获得接受和商业成功的用作本发明的吸湿芯28的吸湿结构实例在下列文献中公开:1986年9月9日授予Weisman等人的名为“High-Density Absorbent Structures”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,610,678;1987年6月16日授予Weisman等人的名为“Absorbent Articles With Dual-Layered Cores”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,673,402;1989年12月19日授予Agnstadt的名为“Absorbent CoreHaving A Dusting Layer”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,888,231;1989年5月30日授予Alemany等人的名为“High Density Absorbent Members HavingLower Density and Lower Basis Weight Acquisition Zones”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,834,735。吸湿芯还可以包括在1993年8月10日授予等人Alemany等人的名为“Absorbent Article With Elastic Waist Feature and enhancedAbsorbency”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,234,423和1992年9月15日授予Young,LaVon和Taylor的名为“High Efficiency Absorbent Articles ForIncontinence Management”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,147,345中公开的一种双芯系统,其包括位于吸湿储存芯之上的由化学强化的纤维构成的接收/分布芯。所有这些专利文献在这里被引作参考。
顶片24最好是柔顺的,感觉柔软的且对穿用者皮肤无刺激。而且,顶片24最好是可透液体的,允许液体(如尿液)容易地穿透其厚度。合适的顶片可以由下述多种材料制造,如纺织和无纺材料;如多孔成形热塑薄膜,多孔塑料薄膜和液压成形热塑薄膜的聚合材料;多孔泡沫;网状泡沫;网状热塑薄膜;和热塑洋纱。合适的纺织和无纺材料可以包括:天然纤维(如木浆或棉花纤维);合成纤维(例如,如聚酯,聚乙烯或聚丙烯纤维的聚合纤维)或者天然纤维和合成纤维的结合。顶片24最好由疏水材料制成,以便使穿用者的皮肤与透过顶片24并已被容纳在吸湿芯28中的液体分离(即防止再湿)。如果顶片24由疏水性材料制成,则至少顶片24的顶表面被处理成亲水性的,从而使液体更迅速地穿过顶片24。这减小了发生身体排出物不被拉过顶片24并由吸湿芯28吸收而是流出顶片24的情况的可能性。顶片24可以通过表面处理而获得亲水性。关于这种处理和亲水性的详细讨论在下述文献中有所公开:1991年1月29日授予Reising的名为“Absorbent Articles withMultiple Layer Absorbent Layers”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,988,344;1991年1月29日授予Reising等人的名为“Absorbent Articles with RapidAcquiring Absorbent”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,988,345,上述各专利在这里被引作参考。
在另一个优选实施例中顶片包括开孔成形薄膜。由于开孔成形薄膜可透过身体排出物,是不吸湿的,并且能减小液体回流并穿透顶片而再湿穿用者皮肤的可能,所有开孔成形薄膜优选用作顶片。由此,与穿用者身体接触的成形薄膜表面保持干燥,由此可以减少对身体的脏污以及对穿用者产生的不适感觉。合适的成形薄膜在下述文献中公开:1975年12月30日授予Thompson的名为“Absorptive Structures Having Tapered Capillaries”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.3,929,315;1982年4月13日授予Mullane等人的名为“Disposable Absorbent Article Having A Stain Resistant Topsheet”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,324,246;1982年8月3日授予Radel等人的名为“ResilientPlastic Web Exhibiting Fiber-Like Properties”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,342,314;1984年7月31日授予Ahr等人的名为“MacroscopicallyExpanded Three-Dimensional Plastic Web Exhibiting Non-Glossy VisibleSurface and Cloth-Like Tactile Impression”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,463,045;1991年4月9日授予Baird的名为“Multilayer PolymericFilm”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,006,394。上述各篇专利在这里被引作参考。
而且,希望对本发明的一次性吸湿用品提供在整个侧片90或在侧边90中的一部分中的延伸性和弹性。(在这里,“可延伸”一词是指材料能够在至少一个方向延伸到一定程度而不发生不适当的断裂。“弹性”一词和“弹性可延伸”是指弹性材料具有的在拉伸材料的力移开后能大致回复到原始尺寸的能力。在这里,除非特别提出,描述为“可延伸”的材料也可以是可弹性延伸的。)由于侧片允许尿布侧边进行膨胀和收缩,因此可延伸侧片90可通过将尿布适配到穿用者身上并在尿布被加载排出物之后在整个穿用时间内保持这种适配而提供舒适的外形配合。由于即使在穿戴尿布时尿布穿用者将一个侧片拉得超过另外一个侧片(不对称),尿布20也会在穿用过程中进行“自调整”,所以可延伸侧片90还能提供尿布20的更有效的穿戴性能。可延伸侧片90可由多种构型构成,在下述文献中公开了一些可延伸侧片的实例,即1989年8月15日授予Wood等人的名为“Disposable Diaper HavingShirred Ears”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,857,067;1983年5月3日授予Sciaraffa等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,381,781;1990年7月3日授予VanGompel等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,938,753;1992年9月29日授予Buell等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,151,092;上述各篇文献被引作参考。
尿布20的可延伸侧片,和任何其它需要可延伸性或弹性的元件,如腰带,可以包括已被“预变形”“机械预变形”材料(即受到一定程度的局部图案的机械拉伸,以将材料永久拉长),或者类似弹性结构的网面,如1996年5月21日授予Chappell等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,518,801所公开的。可以通过本领域已知的深压花技术对材料进行预变形。或者,如1994年7月19日授予Buell等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,330,458中所描述的那样,可通过将材料导入穿过增量式拉伸系统而对材料进行预变形。然后,使材料回复到其大致未张紧状态,由此形成可延伸的(至少能延伸到初始拉伸的点)零变形拉伸材料。零变形材料的实例在下述文献中公开:1937年3月30日授予Galligan的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.2,075,189;1962年3月13日授予Harwood的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.3,025,199;1978年8月15日,1980年6月24日分别授予Sisson的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,107,364,美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,209,563;1989年5月30日授予Sabee的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,834,741;1992年9月29日授予Buell等人的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,151,092,所有上述专利在这里被引作参考。
尿布20最好还包括弹性腿部件32,用于提供改进的液体和身体排出物的容纳特性。每个弹性腿部件32可包括多个不同的用于减少在腿部片82的身体排出物的泄漏的实施例(弹性腿部件可以是,且有时还指如腿带,侧护翼,阻挡箍或弹性箍)。U.S.Pat.No.3,860,003描述了一种一次性尿布,设有收缩的腿部开口,该腿部开口具有侧护翼和一个或多个弹性件以提供弹性腿箍(衬箍)。1990年3月20日授予Aziz等人的名为“Disposable AbsorbentArticle Having Elasticized Flaps”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,909,803描述了一种一次性尿布,具有“直立”弹性护翼(阻挡箍),以提高腿部区域的容纳特性。1987年9月22日授予Lawson的名为“Absorbent Article Having DualCuffs”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,695,278;1989年1月3日授予Dragoo的名为“Absorbent Article Having Leakage-Resistant Dual Cuffs”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,795,454中,描述了具有包括衬箍和阻挡箍的双腿箍的一次性尿布。1987年11月3日授予Buell的名为“Disposable Waist ContainmentGarment”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,704,115,公开了一种一次性尿布,或失禁衣物,具有侧边防泄漏槽,设计用来容纳衣物中的自由液体。这些专利在这里被引作参考。
虽然每个弹性腿部件32的构型可以与上文所述的腿带,侧护翼,阻挡箍,或者弹性箍类似,但较优选的是每个弹性腿部件至少包括一个内部阻挡箍,该内部阻挡箍包括阻挡护翼和例如在U.S.Pat.No.4,909,803所描述的间隔元件。在一个优选实施例中,弹性腿部件32还额外包括具有一个或多个弹性股线65的弹性衬箍63,其位于上文提到的U.S.Pat.No.4,695,278所描述的阻挡箍的外部。
尿布20最好还包括能够提供改进的适配特性和容纳特性的弹性腰部件34。弹性腰部件34是尿布20上能弹性地扩展和收缩以动态适配穿用者的腰部的部分或区域。弹性腿部件34最好从吸湿芯28的至少一个腰部边纵向向外延伸,通常形成尿布20端边的至少一部分。尽管尿布可以设计成具有单个弹性腰带,但一次性尿布通常设计成具有两个弹性腰带,一个位于后腰区,一个位于前腰区。而且,弹性腰部件34或者其构成元件可以包括固定到尿布20上的分离元件,同时弹性腰部件34可以作为诸如底片26或者顶片24(最好是底片26和顶片24两者)的其它尿布元件的延伸部构成。另外还尝试了这样的实施例,其中弹性腰部件34具有开孔,以便如上文所述提供在腰区的透气性。弹性腰部件34可以下列文献所述的多种不同构型构成,文献包括:1985年5月7日授予Kievit等人的名为“Disposable Diapers withElastically Contractible Waistbands”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,515,595;和上文参考的授予Buell的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,151,092,上述各文献在这里被引作参考。
尿布20还包括紧固系统36,其形成了保持后腰区44和前腰区46处于重叠构型的侧封口,从而围绕尿布的圆周方向保持横向张紧以将尿布保持在穿用者身上。紧固系统的实例在下述文献中公开:1974年11月19日授予Buell的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.3,848,594;1987年5月5日授予Hirotsu和Robertson的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,662,875;1989年9月26日授予Scripps的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,869,724;1989年7月11日授予Scripps的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,846,819;1990年1月16日授予Nestegard的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,894,060;1990年8月7日授予Battrel的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.4,946,527;1994年7月5日授予David J.K.Goulait的名为“ Nonwover Female Component For Refastenable Fastening Device AndMethod of Making the Same”的美国专利U.S.Pat.No.5,326,612;上述专利在这里被引作参考。
图3示出了本发明尿布底片的另外一个实施例的平面图,与吸湿芯相邻的底片部分朝向观察者。如图3所示,底片226包括两个层250和252。两层250和252可以通过本领域公知的任何一种合适的结合方法固定在一起。在该实施例中,层250形成了尿布的外表面,而层252则与吸湿芯相邻。由于层250是底片226上将与穿用者的皮肤发生接触的那一部分,所以层250最好是柔软的,包括无纺网面。而在柔软之外,层250最好是可透气的。层250最好表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率,更优选的是至少约为2500g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率,最优选的是至少约为3000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。层250可以具有更高的蒸汽质量透过率,例如,至少约为4000g/m2/24hr.或更大的蒸汽质量透过率。由于层250不需要防止吸收并容纳在吸湿芯中的排出物的泄漏,因此对能提供理想的柔软和透气特性的材料的选择范围相当大。合适的材料包括但不限于诸如纺粘网面,熔喷网面,梳理网面等的无纺网面。层250的无纺网面可包括合成纤维,天然纤维,诸如双成分纤维的多成分纤维,以及这些材料的混合。
层252是底片226上防止吸收并容纳在吸湿芯中的排出物弄湿与尿布接触的衣物的那一部分。为了保护穿用者而使吸收并容纳在吸湿芯中的排出物不发生泄漏,层252的宽度和长度尺寸应该大于吸湿芯的这些尺寸。如果层252不是足够大,则在一般的使用条件下,吸收并容纳在吸湿芯中的排出物将找到通路穿透层250。在图3所示的实施例中,吸湿芯最好位于主片80中,并延伸进入中间片86和86’。由此,层252位于主片80并延伸进入中间片86和86’。层252的长度和宽度尺寸至少与吸湿芯的尺寸一样大,并最好大于吸湿芯的这些尺寸。如果需要,层252可以延伸超过主片80及中间片86和86’进入腿部片82,腰带片88和88’以及侧片90和90’。此外,层252可以从主片80横向和纵向向外延伸,以形成一次性尿布的周边部分。
虽然层250为尿布提供了主要数量的透气性,层252也可以是透气的以为穿用者提供附加的舒适感。如上文所述,已发现透气性对尿布的性能非常重要。为此,层252在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下应表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,并且应表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。优选的是,层252在表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率的同时,还在约为2000J/m2,和约为3000J/m2,和约为4000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。当在更高的冲击能量(如至少约为5000J/m2或更高)作用下,最内层252可以表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
在另一实施例中,如图4所示,层250最好与吸湿芯相邻。如4示出尿布底片226的平面图,与吸湿芯相邻的底片部分朝向穿用者。在该实施例中,层250和252一起形成了尿布的外表面。层252是底片226上防止吸收并容纳在吸湿芯中的排出物弄湿与尿布接触的衣物的那一部分。为了为穿用者提供额外的舒适感,层252最好是透气的。为此,层252在约为1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下应该表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,以及至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。较优选的是,层252在表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率的同时,还在约为2000J/m2,和约为3000J/m2,和约为4000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。当在更高的冲击能量(如至少约为5000J/m2或更高)作用下,最内层252可以表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
为了保护穿用者防止发生不期望的泄漏,层252的宽度和长度尺寸应该大于吸湿芯的这些尺寸。如果层252不是足够大,则在一般的使用条件下,吸收并容纳在吸湿芯中的排出物将穿透层250。因此,层252的长度和宽度尺寸至少应该大于吸湿芯的这些尺寸,而且如果需要,其可以形成尿布的侧边和端边的一些部分。
在另一实施例中,透气的无纺/薄膜叠层底片应该适于使底片的一部分(直接位于吸湿芯后面的部分)包括不透液体且不透气部分,而同时底片的外侧或侧部(底片延伸超过吸湿芯的部分)包括透气部分。
在该实施例中,如图5所示底片226与吸湿芯相邻的一部分朝向穿用者,层250形成了尿布的外表面,且层252与吸湿芯相邻。由于层250是底片226上将与穿用者的皮肤发生接触的那一部分,所以层250最好是柔软的,并包括无纺网面。而在柔软之外,层250最好是可透气的。层250最好表现出至少约为2000g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率,更优选的是至少约为2500g/m2/24hr.蒸汽质量透过率,最优选的是至少约为3000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。层250可以具有更高的蒸汽质量透过率,例如,至少约为4000g/m2/24hr.或更高的蒸汽质量透过率。
层252是底片226上防止吸收并容纳在吸湿芯内的排出物弄湿与尿布接触的衣物的那一部分。层252不必是透气的,虽然层252可以提供该功能。为此,层252在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下应表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。优选的是,层252在约为2000J/m2,约为3000J/m2,和约为4000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。当在更高的冲击能量(如至少约为5000J/m2或更高)作用下,最内层252可以表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
虽然对本发明的具体实施例进行了说明和描述,对本领域技术人员很明显的是,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下可以对本发明进行修改和改进。包括在本发明范围内的所有这些修改和改进由所附权利要求所覆盖。

Claims (17)

1.一种一次性吸湿用品,包括:
底片,所述底片的至少一部分在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,且表现出至少为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率;
固定在所述底片上的可透液体的顶片;和
位于所述顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。
2.如权利要求1所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述整个底片在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,且表现出至少为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述一次性吸湿用品是一次性尿布。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述一次性吸湿用品是从包括妇女卫生衣物,失禁短裤,失禁内衣和训练裤的一组物品中选出的一次性吸湿用品。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片包括聚酯基薄膜。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片包括无纺网面和挤压附着在无纺网面上的聚酯基薄膜。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片在2000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片在3000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片在4000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片表现出至少为2500g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片表现出至少为3000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片包括单一层面。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的一次性吸湿用品,其特征在于,所述底片包括至少两层结合在一起的层面。
14.一种具有周边的一次性尿布,尿布的表面具有以下区域:
前腰区,具有包括腰带片和中间片的中片,和从所述中片横向向外延伸的侧片;
与所述前腰区相对的后腰区,所述后腰区具有包括腰带片和中间片的中片,和从所述中片横向向外延伸的侧片;
位于所述前腰区和所述后腰区之间的裆区,所述裆区具有主片和从所述主片横向向外延伸的腿部片;
所述尿布在垂直于所述尿布表面的方向上包括:
底片,包括接合在一起的外层和内层,所述内层至少位于所述主片中,所述内层和外层中的一个在1000J/m2的冲击能量的作用下,表现出大致为零的动力液体透过率,且表现出至少为2000g/m2/24hr.的蒸汽质量透过率;
固定在所述底片上的可透液体的顶片;和
位于所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸湿芯。
15.如权利要求14所述的一次性尿布,其特征在于,所述外层包括无纺网面。
16.如权利要求14所述的一次性尿布,其特征在于,所述内层延伸进入所述中间片中的至少一个。
17.如权利要求16所述的一次性尿布,其特征在于,所述内层和外层中的一个从所述主片横向和纵向向外延伸以形成所述周边的一部分。
CN97180673A 1996-11-06 1997-11-04 具有可透气的不透液体的底片的一次性吸湿用品 Expired - Lifetime CN1122508C (zh)

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WO1998019861A2 (en) 1998-05-14
CZ162199A3 (cs) 1999-09-15
US6198018B1 (en) 2001-03-06
TR199900977T2 (xx) 1999-08-23
CA2270606A1 (en) 1998-05-14
HUP9904692A2 (hu) 2000-05-28
WO1998019861A3 (en) 1998-10-15
ID24706A (id) 2000-08-03
PE88598A1 (es) 1998-12-30
IL129717A0 (en) 2000-02-29
CA2270606C (en) 2004-01-06
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US5865823A (en) 1999-02-02
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BR9712748A (pt) 1999-10-19
MY125596A (en) 2006-08-30
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KR20000053045A (ko) 2000-08-25
CN1240342A (zh) 2000-01-05

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Assignee: Guangzhou Procter & Gamble Company Limited

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