CN1109256C - 具有全息和逆向反射特征的制品 - Google Patents

具有全息和逆向反射特征的制品 Download PDF

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CN1109256C
CN1109256C CN97192331A CN97192331A CN1109256C CN 1109256 C CN1109256 C CN 1109256C CN 97192331 A CN97192331 A CN 97192331A CN 97192331 A CN97192331 A CN 97192331A CN 1109256 C CN1109256 C CN 1109256C
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CN1211325A (zh
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L·E·洛里默
卢诗磊
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3M Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
    • G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

本发明披露的制品具有全息特征和逆向反射特征。该制品包含在正常照明条件下可见而在逆向反射照明条件下对肉眼来说基本上不可见的全息层，在逆向反射照明条件下可见的逆向反射层以及将这两层粘合在一起的装置。

Description

具有全息和逆向反射特征的制品
本发明的领域
本发明涉及的制品具有在正常照明条件下是可见的用以提供装饰或真实性标志的全息特征和在逆向反射照明条件下是可见的逆向反射特征。
本发明的背景
各种保密制品(security article)在已有技术中是已知的。例如，美国专利5,169,707(Faykish等人)披露了具有两步验证特点的逆向反射保密制品。它包括在通常漫射照明条件下和在逆向反射照明条件下都是可见的基本图符和仅在逆向反射观察条件下是可见的“逆向图符”。这样，基本图符在通常漫射照明条件下提供第一步检查或验证，而不需要专门的设备。逆向图符在逆向反射光条件下提供第二步验证，这样就为整个制品提供很高程度的保密。尽管’707专利中披露的保密制品有其自身的用途，但它们也有一定的局限性。具体地说，基本图符在逆向反射照明条件下也保持可见，这会使逆向图符显得模糊。再者，在’707专利中披露的制品必需是透明的，使它们能在诸如驾驶员执照，资格证书(title documents)和护照等文件上使用。
另一种常规的保密制品披露于美国专利4,368,979(Ruell)中，该专利披露了一种汽车鉴别系统，它包括具有易于被肉眼看到的字母数字符号的汽车牌照和提供不能被肉眼译码的编码鉴别情报的全息图。尽管这种制品对某些用途也是很适用的产品，但既然不能用肉眼对全息情报进行译码，则体系就不得不做得较为昂贵，结果对有一些用途就不太适用。
鉴于在如美国专利3,993,401(Strehlow)，4,036,552(Lee等人)和4,095,875(Lee等人)中所披露的这些已知制品和其它已知制品所具有的缺点，迫切需要提供一种兼具全息和逆向反射特征的制品，其中全息图不会在视觉上影响其逆向反射特征。
本发明的概述
本发明的制品提供了提高的视觉鉴别特征和改进的视觉吸引力，这是由于其中存在着全息元件和逆向反射元件。本发明的制品可在各种领域中应用，例如用于车窗、挡板或汽车牌照的安全标签，消费产品，身份证，文件，受到干扰后容易察觉的密封膜，或用于标记自行车、头盔、布匹、交通标志、汽车牌照和人们用的片材，用以改进在逆向反射条件下的鉴别。
在一个实施方案中，该制品包含在正常照明条件下可见而在逆向反射照明条件下对肉眼来说基本上不可见的全息层、在逆向反射照明条件下可见的逆向反射层、以及将逆向反射层和全息层粘合在一起的装置。也可以包含一些其它的层，例如覆盖膜、连接层、粘合剂层、热收缩层、具有差别粘合性的有图案的涂层和标记图案层。
附图的简要说明
本文中将参考附图对本发明作描述，其中
图1是本发明制品一个实施方案的横截面图，它含有一层封闭微球型逆向反射层；
图2是本发明制品第二实施方案的横截面图，它同样含有一层封闭微球型逆向反射层；
图3是本发明制品第三实施方案的横截面图，它含有一层包封微球型逆向反射层；
图4是本发明制品第四实施方案的横截面图，它含有一层立方角型逆向反射层，
图5是本发明制品第五实施方案的横截面图，它含有一层封闭微球型逆向反射层。
本发明的详细描述
本发明的制品包含在正常照明条件下可见但在逆向反射照明条件下对肉眼来说基本上不可见的全息层和在逆向反射照明条件下可见的逆向反射层。本文中所用的术语“正常照明条件”是指存在着基本上被漫射的环境光线，正如一般照亮房间所用的光线照明。术语“逆向反射照明条件”是指存在着基本上准直的环境光线，正如用汽车头灯或闪光信号灯所投射出的光线照明。术语“肉眼”是指正常(或调准到正常)人的视觉，未经放大等手段提高的视觉。
为了便于完全理解本发明制品的各种方面，将先描述该制品的大体结构，随后描述各个特定层，制造该制品的合适方法以及几个具体的实施例。
I.大体结构
本发明的制品包含全息层和逆向反射层，所述全息层较好为微结构全息层，所述逆向反射层较好是包含许多微球或立方角元件。该制品还可以包含其它一些层，例如保护制品的覆盖膜、将制品的各层粘合在一起的连接层、将制品粘合到物体表面上的粘合剂层、能察觉有人施加热量干扰制品的热收缩层、能显示曾被剥离的具有差别粘合性的有图案的涂层，在各种照明条件下可见的附加标记层。
II.全息层
如图1所示，全息层10包含两个部分：结构层20和可能采用的反射层30。结构层可以用如在美国专利4,856,857(Takeuchi等人)中披露的已有技术中众所周知的几种方法制得，所述专利的内容在此参考引用。它可由诸如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，硝基纤维素和聚苯乙烯等材料制成。该结构层上具有对光进行反射的显标识或图案形式的凸纹微结构，这些凸纹形成全息即衍射光栅图象。在一个实施方案中，压花的微结构层是这样形成的，是将制造结构层用的材料与带有凸纹图案微结构的不变形压花板相贴合在一起加热和加压。或者，结构层可由任何其它合适的方法如辐射固化来制造，它是将与光引发剂配制在一起的诸如聚氨酯、环氧、聚酯和丙烯酸酯单体和低聚物等材料浇铸到具有凸纹图案微结构的不变形工具上，然后进行辐射固化。
或可采用的反射层30是在压花之前或之后涂覆在结构层20上的。反射层的折射率宜比结构层高。在一个较好的实施方案中，反射层基本上是透明和无色的。合适的反射层材料的例子包括(但不局限于)三氧化铋、硫化锌、二氧化钛和氧化锆，它们在美国专利4,856,857(Takeuchi等人)中有描述。不太透明的材料如薄的铝或银或图案形式的反射器也可以使用。由于结构层和反射层之间折射率的差异，反射层提高了光线通过结构层的反射。这样，反射层涂覆到结构层上后，全息图案就比较容易地为肉眼所看见。可以直接将粘合剂施涂到结构层上，而不会减弱全息图案的可见度。
III.逆向反射层
逆向反射层50可以包含一种或多种类型的逆向反射材料，包括微球型逆向反射材料和立方角型逆向反射材料。如图1所示，在美国专利2,407,680(Palmquist等人)中披露的逆向反射层50可以包含一单层封闭的玻璃微球60，所述玻璃微球被涂封在如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛或聚酯的间隔树脂70中。间隔树脂与微球贴合。反射器层80位于间隔树脂70的下面，它可以是不透明材料如银、铝、铬、镍或美，也可以是透明高折射率的反射器材料，如上述用于全息结构层的材料如硫化锌，或如在美国专利3,700,305(Bingham)中所述的多层反射器材料。这样，进入逆向反射层的光被玻璃微球聚焦通过间隔树脂，再被反射器层所反射，通过间隔树脂和玻璃微球进入观察者的眼中。
如图2所示，也可以有一层珠状粘合剂层(beadbond layer)90。在该实施方案中，是将玻璃微球60涂覆到珠状粘合剂层90上，然后将间隔树脂70再涂覆到玻璃微球上。珠状粘合剂层中可以含有着色颜料(包括黑色颜料)，该颜料使逆向反射材料在正常光线下具有有色的外观，而在逆向反射光线下具有不同颜色(如银色)的外观。这一点在美国专利2,407,680(Palmquist等人)中有进一步的描述。
图3图示了在美国专利3,801,183(Sevelin等人)中披露的另一种逆向反射层50，它包含一单层露出的玻璃微球60、印刷在微球背面的标记图案40、位于印刷标记和玻璃微球背面的反射器层80以及珠状粘合剂层90。可将不含反射器的全息结构层20覆盖在此逆向反射层上方密封到粘合剂膜155上，从而在结构层和微球之间形成一个空隙，以便于提高全息可见度和逆向反射性。
如图4所示，逆向反射层50’可以包含许多立方角逆向反射元件100来代替玻璃微球和树脂，所述立方角逆向反射元件若是压花的，其材料可为乙烯基、聚碳酸酯、或丙烯酸等，若是辐射固化的，其材料可为聚氨酯、环氧、聚酯以及丙烯酸酯低聚物和单体等。立方角元件一般具有三个互相垂直的面，各面的表面积约为1.9×10-3mm2至0.1mm2。立方角逆向反射元件可以在合适的温度和压力下用一主模压花制成。所述元件也可以这样制造，即将可辐射固化的树脂涂覆在主模上，以足够的压力将一覆盖膜层压上去，然后经辐射固化使树脂固化成立方角逆向反射元件。
如图4所示，立方角逆向反射元件100上可以有一层反射涂层105。该反射涂层可以用上述微球逆向反射材料所用的相同的材料，一般是施涂在立方角元件的背面，以便可以直接将粘合剂或膜155施加到立方角元件上而仍能提供逆向反射性。也可以使用不含反射涂层的立方角逆向反射元件，它可以通过缝合或边缘密封连接到衣服制品上，在其间形成一个空隙层。
IV.附加层
全息层和逆向反射层一般是通过连接层120粘合在一起的，如图2所示。这种连接层的合适材料包括以涂层或膜形式的底漆或粘合剂，如聚氨酯类、烯烃类、乙烯基类和丙烯酸类材料。连接层可为任何适当的厚度，可以将连接层材料施加到全息层上或逆向反射层上或这两层上，然后粘合在一起制成本发明制品。
图2所示的连接层120可由一种热收缩材料制成。在该实施方案中，热收缩层可以对受到加热所致的干扰提供保护，这是因为受到足够的热量后热收缩层会变形。热收缩层变形也使制品变形，就显示了制品受到干扰。聚烯烃膜是热收缩层的一个较好材料，它同样可用作制品中的覆盖层、连接层和粘合剂层。
如图2所示，制品中也可以有一层耐用覆盖膜140，以保护制品免受环境作用产生的降解。该覆盖膜可为一层膜，包括但不局限于聚酯、聚氯乙烯、聚烯烃、聚碳酸酯或乙酸纤维素，也可为一层涂层如耐磨或耐用的涂层。视抗干扰和室内和户外使用时耐用性的要求，所述覆盖膜可为任何合适的厚度。
对于本发明制品粘合到表面上的用途，如图1所示，在制品光线射人的表面上可以有一层粘合剂面层150，或者如图2所示，在制品的底部有一层附着粘合剂层155。该粘合剂可以包括压敏粘合剂如丙烯酸类，或热活化粘合剂如聚烯烃类、聚酯类、聚氨酯类和乙烯基类。这些粘合剂可用于将制品施加到塑料、纸张、照片、金属、玻璃、织物和其它用途表面上，粘合剂的数量和种类可按现有技术为提供所需的粘合特征而进行选择。粘合剂层150和155可如图1所示用一层可除去的衬里层160所覆盖，其目的是在将制品施加到表面上之前保护粘合剂免受污染。
如图1所示，也可以有一层增强或降低粘合性(即有差别粘合性的)有图案的涂层170，用以方便检测干扰。该有图案的涂层可以位于或靠近覆盖膜和全息层的界面，或者可以位于或靠近全息层和逆向反射层的界面。这种有图案的涂层的一个特别有用的用途是在含有印刷标记或一种或多种全息标志排列的层的邻近使用。当制品在此有图案的涂层处发生脱层时，印刷标记或标志的一部分就会保持粘合在各脱层部分上。这样，观察者就可以较容易地看出是否有人并在何处干扰了制品。
如图2所示，可以将一种或可采用的标记图案180施加到与上述有图案的涂层相同的部位上，或施加到该结构中的其它部位上。该标记图案或标识宜用有色油墨，珠光油墨或在紫外光下可见的油墨进行印刷，或使用调色剂或染料形成某一图案的图象。如图2所示，当这些有色标记是印刷在含有有色珠状粘合剂的逆向反射层的正面上方的某个部位时，就是特别有用的。在正常光线下，有色(较好为黑色)珠状粘合剂掩蔽了有色标记，而只有全息图一般是可见的，这是因为全息图降低了有色标记的可见度。然而，在逆向反射照明条件下，有色标记相对于较好为银色的背景明显可见，而全息图则看不见。按美国专利4,688,894(Hockert)和4,200,875(Galanos)中所述的激光成象的方法，也可以在微球逆向反射层上形成如图1和3所示的有角度标记190的图象。通常，当该方法用于使含有不透明反射器的封闭微球逆向反射材料或含有透明反射器的露出微球形成图象时，所述标记在正常光和逆向反射光下都是可见的。在本发明中，使用含有透明反射器的封闭微球逆向反射材料，标记在正常光下是不可见的，而仅在逆向反射下是可见的，这样标记就被掩蔽起来，直到在逆向反射光条件下才被看见。同样地，在逆向反射片上使用分散的全息图象，在正常光下通常是可见的有角度的标记就能在正常光条件下被有效地掩蔽起来。
在图5中，在逆向反射层50上可以有一层不用反射器但具有结构层20的全息层10。若微结构全息图象层是暴露在空气中并且并不层压到另一个层上的话，则所述微结构全息图象层就不需要反射器。
V.制造方法
制造本发明制品的一个较好的方法是先分别制备全息部分和逆向反射部分，然后将这两个部分粘合在一起。全息层可用压花法来制造，或用已有技术中已知的任何其它合适的方法来制造。逆向反射层可按前述方法制造，它可以包括同样在已有技术中人们已知的立方角元件或玻璃微球。
为了将全息层和逆向反射层粘合在一起，可以使用常规的层压法。使用一种热活化连接层加热和加压可将各层层压在一起。若全息层和逆向反射层的材料是相容的，则可以不使用连接层同样可以将各层粘合在一起。可以采用连续的接触，如使用实心的钢质热辊将各层层压在一起，或者沿着边缘进行密封从而在全息层和逆向反射层之间获得一个空隙层。或者，若连接层是压敏粘合剂，则可以采用加压层压。
VI.实施例
本发明将用下述的一些实施例作进一步说明。
实施例1
按下述方法制造含有可见全息标识和仅在逆向反射光条件下是可见的被掩蔽的有角度标识的透明制品。取在美国专利5,169,707(Faykish等人)中所述类型的封闭微球透明逆向反射制品，它包含以聚乙烯为基的连接层，玻璃微球与在微球后面的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛间隔树脂的淤浆，位于树脂上的透明硫化锌反射器和聚烯烃粘合剂层。
使用与美国专利4,688,894(Hockert)中所述相类似的方法，用钕∶钇铝石榴石(Nd∶YAG)激光在制品上加工成有角度的图象。具体做法是将激光的功率调整到约80mJ/cm2，脉冲重复频率为每秒钟约10次脉冲，通过形状为1.0cm直径标识的掩模在与制品垂直的角度上在制品的正面上加工成图象。使用购自3M Company，St.Paul，MN商品名为压敏粘合剂966的丙烯酸压敏粘合剂，将一层透明全息图膜施加到逆向反射制品的正面，所述全息图膜以商品名XPT购自Crown Roll LeafCompany，Paterson，New Jersey，它由聚酯覆盖膜，以聚苯乙烯为基的结构层和高折射率的硫化锌反射器层组成。
只有全息标识在正常照明条件下是可见的，而有角度的标识对肉眼来说基本上是看不见的。在逆向反射照明条件下，全息图则看不见，但有角度的标识在与制品垂直的角度上是明亮的金色并与蓝色的背景形成对比。当在逆向反射光条件下在非垂直的角度上观察制品时，标识就看不见，仅可以看到连续的蓝色背景。本实施例的一个简化结构由结构全息层、高折射率的反射层、连接层，珠/树脂淤浆层，反射器层，和粘合剂层组成，可以采用通过制品正面的激光制成图象。
这种透明的逆向反射材料可用作覆在印刷文件上的保密制品，或作为标鉴用来保护制品。可将压敏粘合剂层施加到这种材料的正面上，在窗内用作透明标签，它能使透过窗子可见度的影响降至最小。
实施例2
按下述方法制造一种含有可见全息标识和有色标识以及仅在逆向反射光条件下是可见的被掩蔽的有角度标识的不透明制品。取一层封闭微球不透明逆向反射片，它的组成部分是微球与在微球后面的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛间隔树脂的淤浆、置于树脂上的不透明铝反射器和丙烯酸压敏粘合剂层。购自3M Company，St.Paul，Minnesota的3750片即是这种结构。片的正面印刷有红色，蓝色和黑色标识。使用与美国专利4,200,875(Galanos)中所述相类似的方法，用激光同样使该片在非垂直的角度上形成图象。再使用压敏粘合剂将实施例1所述的透明全息图膜施加到逆向反射片的正面。
全息标识在正常照明条件下是可见的，并且它不会影响有色标识的可见度，但有角度的标识被全息标识部分地掩蔽了，原因是全息图降低了其可见度。在逆向反射照明条件下，全息图则看不见，但有色标识相对于银色的逆向反射背景明显可见。当在逆向反射照明条件下在非垂直的角度上观察片时，有角度的标识在银色逆向反射背景上是可见的，呈黑色。
这种制品可用作标鉴来保护制品，或用一种表面粘合剂粘在窗上使用。该制品也可以用作汽车牌照片，原因是在全息图膜下面的整个表面上发生逆向反射。实施例1所述较小的透明全息图标签可用作覆在逆向反射牌照部分上的合法化标签。
实施例3
按下述方法制造含有可见全息标识和仅在逆向反射照明条件下是可见的掩蔽有色标识的不透明制品。取一片美国专利2,407,680(Palmquist等人)中所述的在正常光下呈黑色而在逆向反射照明条件下呈银色的封闭微球逆向反射片。它由透明乙烯基顶膜、分散在黑色树脂珠状粘合剂中的玻璃微球、在微球后面的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛间隔树脂、位于树脂上的铝反射器和丙烯酸压敏粘合剂层组成。使用红色，蓝色和黑色永久标记笔在该片的正面手工印刷上有色的标识。再使用压敏粘合剂将实施例1所述的透明全息图膜施加到该逆向反射片的正面。
只有全息标识在正常照明条件下是可见的，而有色标识对肉眼来说基本上是看不见的。在逆向反射照明条件下，全息图则看不见，而有色标识在银色逆向反射背景上明显可见。实施例1和2的有角度形成图象的方法可用于制造仅在逆向反射照明条件下是可见的掩蔽有角度标识。
实施例4
使用美国专利5,153,042(Indrelie)所述类型的由聚酯覆盖层，有图案的脱离层(release coating)和聚酯树脂底漆层组成的干扰显示膜来制造制品，以改进制品结构的抗干扰性。用热层压法将具有结构层和高折射率硫化锌反射器层的全息图膜施加到其底漆层上。用丙烯酸压敏粘合剂将全息图膜连接到逆向反射片的正面。结果制成的制品依序含有下述各层：聚酯覆盖层，有图案的脱离层，底漆层，结构全息图层，高折射率反射器层，压敏粘合剂连接层和实施例2所述类型的逆向反射层。将该制品施加到塑料录象磁带盒上作为标签。当有人在室温下剥离这种制品时，就将聚酯覆盖层和逆向反射层之间的脱离图案中的全息图层分裂，这样有图案的脱离层就可以显示产生了干扰。
实施例5
制造一种制品以获得抗脆性和抗干扰的结构，该制品包含用一有图案的脱离层热层压到一逆向反射片正面的薄的转移全息图膜。该薄的透明全息图转移膜例如为购自Crown Roll Leaf，Inc.，Paterson，New Jersey的VT55，它由聚酯衬里、以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为基的结构层、高折射率的硫化锌反射器层和薄的粘合剂层组成。封闭微球不透明逆向反射片包含涂在来自实施例2的逆向反射层正表面上的以聚乙烯-丙烯酸为基的连接层，所述逆向反射层正面上印有聚氨酯树脂的脱离图案，然后与薄的全息图膜层压。从全息图膜上剥下聚酯衬里，将商品名为压敏粘合剂9457的购自3M Company的涂在硅氧烷衬里上的压敏粘合剂施涂到全息图膜的一面上作为表面粘合剂。这样获得的成品结构由硅氧烷衬里，压敏粘合剂层，结构全息图层，高折射率反射器层，薄粘合剂层，以聚氨酯为基的脱离图案层，以聚乙烯为基的连接层，珠/树脂淤浆层，铝反射器层和聚烯烃背衬层组成。将硅氧烷衬里从压敏粘合剂上剥离下来后，将此结构粘合到汽车的内窗上。从窗的外部可以看到全息图和逆向反射层。薄的转移全息图若从窗上剥下时，它就会在脱离图案上分裂而破坏，所以这种标签是不能取下在另一辆汽车上再使用的。在另一个实施方案中，在全息图膜上的薄的粘合剂层可以略去以简化结构。
实施例6
按下述方法制造另一种抗干扰的制品。将实施例5所用的薄的转移全息图膜层压到印刷在来自实施例2的以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为基的逆向反射基片上的粘合促进剂的以乙烯丙烯酸为基的图案上。该制品的结构依序包含下列各层：硅氧烷衬里，压敏粘合剂层，结构全息图层，高折射率反射器层，薄的粘合剂层，粘合促进剂图案层，珠/树脂淤浆层，反射器层和背衬。施加到窗上之后，若被剥离，全息图就会在粘合促进剂图案上分裂而破坏。
实施例7
制品的制造是将全息图膜密封到含有露出玻璃微球的逆向反射层上。使用如美国专利3,801,183(Sevelin等人)所述的逆向反射层。将来自实施例1的透明全息图膜覆盖在微球层上方，密封在微球区域周围的压敏粘合剂上，从而获得粘合的接触表面，该表面靠近提供逆向反射的微球上面的空隙区域。该全息图膜不需要高折射率的反射器层。所述制品结构依序包含下列各层：覆盖层、结构层、高折射率反射器层、位于全息层和逆向反射层的密封区域之间的空隙层、微球层、标记层、微球上的高折射率反射器层、珠状粘合剂树脂层和粘合剂层。一种简化的结构只包含结构层、空隙、微球、反射器和珠状粘合剂。
实施例8
将透明全息图膜，即来自实施例1的以聚酯为基的膜或来自实施例5的薄的转移膜层压到立方角逆向反射片上。与上述那些实施例一样，全息图在正常照明条件下是可见的，而结构仍是逆向反射的，原因是全息图不会显著降低逆向反射的亮度。
对本文所述的这些实施方案进行各种改进和组合，这对本领域的技术熟练者来说是显而易见的，并且这些改进也在所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围以内。

Claims (15)

1.一种制品，它包含
(a)在正常照明条件下可见而在逆向反射照明条件下对肉眼来说基本上不可见的透明全息层，所述全息层具有结构层；
(b)在逆向反射照明条件下可见的逆向反射层。
2.如权利要求1所述的制品，它还包含(c)标记层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的制品，其中全息层覆在逆向反射层的上面。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的制品，其中制品还包含选自覆盖膜、连接层、粘合剂层、热收缩层和具有差别粘合性的有图案的涂层中的至少一层。
5.如权利要求4所述的制品，其中制品包含选自覆盖膜、连接层、粘合剂层、热收缩层和具有差别粘合性的有图案的涂层中的一层以上的层。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的制品，其中所述全息层还具有基本上透明的反射器层，所述逆向反射层具有包在间隔树脂中的玻璃微球，在间隔树脂上有反射器层。
7.如权利要求6所述的制品，其中位于间隔树脂上的反射器层基本上是透明的。
8.如权利要求6所述的制品，其中具有差别粘合性的有图案的涂层位于全息层和逆向反射层之间。
9.如权利要求6所述的制品，其中在逆向反射层中形成有角度的标记图案，该图案在正常照明条件下对肉眼来说基本上是不可见的，而在逆向反射照明条件下则是可见的。
10.如权利要求6所述的制品，其中逆向反射层包含着分散在有色珠状粘合剂树脂中的许多玻璃微球。
11.如权利要求10所述的制品，其中有色标记图案位于全息层和逆向反射层之间，使得有色标记在正常照明条件下对肉眼来说基本上是不可见的，而在逆向反射照明条件下则是可见的。
12.如权利要求6所述的制品，其中该制品还包含位于全息层正面的覆盖膜和位于覆盖膜和全息层之间的具有差别粘合性的有图案的涂层。
13.如权利要求2所述的制品，其中标记层位于全息层和逆向反射层之间。
14.如权利要求2所述的制品，其中标记层是由呈一定图案的材料构成，该材料在逆向反射照明条件下在亮度上与其背景形成对比。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的制品，它还包含：
(d)有图案的具有差别粘合性的层；
(e)粘合剂层，它位于有图案的具有差别粘合性的层下面，用于将制品粘合到用途表面上。
CN97192331A 1996-02-16 1997-01-13 具有全息和逆向反射特征的制品 Expired - Fee Related CN1109256C (zh)

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US5656360A (en) 1997-08-12
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DE69731522D1 (de) 2004-12-16
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RO119660B1 (ro) 2005-01-28
CA2246562A1 (en) 1997-08-21
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NO983739D0 (no) 1998-08-14
JP4045355B2 (ja) 2008-02-13
CN1211325A (zh) 1999-03-17
EP0880716A1 (en) 1998-12-02
ATE282216T1 (de) 2004-11-15
CA2246562C (en) 2005-06-07
HUP9900663A2 (hu) 1999-07-28
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IL125457A0 (en) 1999-03-12
BG102677A (en) 1999-04-30
AU1699197A (en) 1997-09-02
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US6120882A (en) 2000-09-19
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