CN1107494C - 洁牙剂组合物 - Google Patents

洁牙剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN1107494C
CN1107494C CN95195240A CN95195240A CN1107494C CN 1107494 C CN1107494 C CN 1107494C CN 95195240 A CN95195240 A CN 95195240A CN 95195240 A CN95195240 A CN 95195240A CN 1107494 C CN1107494 C CN 1107494C
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D·E·瑞斯
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Abstract

揭示了如口用胶和牙膏的口用组合物,它含有新颖的磨料。洁牙剂组合物包括:(a)沉淀的硅石,所述的沉淀硅石是一种弱结构的沉淀硅石,具有很窄的软颗粒粒度分布,其粒度平均值(MV)范围为8-14微米,较好为7-11微米,油吸收范围为60-120毫升/100克,压汞(HGI)空隙率为1.0-4.0毫升/克;上述的沉淀硅石在调配到洁牙剂中后,其表膜清除率(PCR)为70-140,放射性牙质磨损值(RDA)为60-130;其中PCR与RDA的比至少为1∶1;其中,随上述硅石粒度(微米)的增加,RDA值基本保持恒定;和(b)约0.1-99%的口用可接受的洁牙剂载体。

Description

洁牙剂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及如牙膏类能提供改善口腔清洁的洁牙剂组合物。
发明背景
令人满意的洁牙剂组合物应对牙齿具有装饰性效果即使牙齿保持洁白。也能很好地清洁牙齿和除去牙垢,有助于防止牙齿损坏和促进牙龈健康。磨擦剂有助于除去牢固附着的表膜。这层薄膜一般由在牙齿清洁后几分钟内能附着在釉质上的一层很薄的非细胞的、糖蛋白-粘蛋白涂层组成。留在薄膜中的各种食物色素是使牙齿变色的主要原因。理想的磨擦剂应在对口腔组织即牙质和釉质损伤(磨损)最小下完全除去(清洁)表膜。
除表膜清除方面度外,加入一种抗牙斑剂可提供额外的益处。牙斑的形成是牙龋、牙龈和牙周疾病及牙齿脱落的最主要的原因。牙斑是细菌、上皮细胞、白细胞、巨噬细胞和其他口腔渗出物的混合基质。与牙斑有关的细菌会分泌酶和内毒素,酶和内毒素会刺激牙龈并引起牙龈炎。牙龈一直受到这种刺激,会出血、失去韧性和弹性,并同牙齿分离。这种分离导致牙周囊,而牙周囊会进一步积存碎屑、分泌物和更多的细菌/毒素。这一过程最终导致口腔中硬组织和软组织的损坏。
一段时期以来,人们已经认识到可使用各种药剂清洁口腔,减少牙斑和口腔恶臭。其中包括:Weeks的美国专利3,696,191(1972,10,3);Vidra等的美国专利3,991,177(1976,11,9);Colodney的美国专利4,058,595(1977,11,15);Vidra等的美国专利4,115,546;Simonson等的美国专利4,138,476(1979,2,6);Vidra等的美国专利4,140,758(1979,2,20);Pader的美国专利4,154,815(1979,5,15);Eigen等的美国专利4,737,359(1988,4,12);Glace等的美国专利4,986,981(1991,1,22);Nesser的美国专利4,992,420(1991,2,12);Dring等美国专利5,000,939(1991,3,19);在1990,4,18公开的Kao公司的Kokai02/105,898(1990,4,18);在1991,5,31公开的Nippon Kotai Kenkyu的Kokai03/128,313;在1991,10,2公开的Lion公司的Kokai 03/223,209;Maurer的美国专利4,652,444(1987,3,24);Miyahara等的美国专利4,725,428(1988,2,16);Rabussay的美国专利4,355,22(1982,10,19)和在1986,5,22公开的Zetachron有限公司的PCT申清WO 86/02831。
在Wason的美国专利4,340,583(1982,7,20);Roberts等的美国专利3,574,823(1971,4,13);McKeown等的欧洲专利535,943A1(1993,4,7)和McKeown等的PCT专利WO 92/02454(1992,2,20)中描述了磨擦剂。
尽管已经公开了许多与表膜清除和抗牙斑活性有关的专利,但仍需要进一步改进的产品。本发明研制出能提供改善表膜清除的口用组合物。更具体说是研制出加入了一种新颖的硅石磨料和一种改进的减少牙斑体系的口用组合物。
本发明的目的是提供口腔护理产品和在表膜清除中使用的方法。本发明进一步的目的是提供有效抑制牙斑积累防止牙龈疾病的组合物和方法。还有一个目的是提供能减少随后形成的结石的组合物。
由下面的详细描述可以容易地理解本发明的所有目的。
发明概述
本发明涉及的洁牙剂组合物包括:
a.沉淀的硅石,是一种弱结构的沉淀硅石,具有很窄的软颗粒粒度分布,其粒度平均值(MV)范围为8-14微米,油吸收范围为60-120毫升/100克,压汞(HGI)空隙率为1.0-4.0毫升/克;将上述的沉淀硅石加入到洁牙剂中,其表膜清除率(PCR)为70-140,放射性牙质磨损值(RDA)为60-130;
其中PCR与RDA的比至少为1.1;
其中,随上述硅石粒度(微米)的增加,RDA值基本保持恒定;和
b.约0.1-99%的口用可接受的洁牙剂载体。
本发明还涉及使用上述组合物清洁牙齿以减少牙斑、龈炎和结石的方法。
除非特别指出,在此使用的所有百分比和比值为重量百分比和比值。PCR和RAD无单位。另外,除非特别指出,在25℃进行所有测定。
发明详述
在此使用的“安全和有效量”指在不损伤口腔组织和结构的条件下,能减少色斑和/或牙斑/龈炎的充分的量。
在此使用的“口腔可接受的载体”指一种合适的赋形剂,它能以安全和有效的方式将本发明的组合物应用到口腔。
本发明所述的组合物的pH值范围约为6.5-9.5,较好的约为6.5-9.0,最好约为7.0-9.0。
下面描述本发明组合物中基本的、优选的组分。
磨擦剂
本发明的沉淀硅石为本发明的洁牙剂组合物提供了独特的放射性牙质磨损值(RDA),其特征为由Microtrac颗粒分析仪测定的平均粒度(MV)范围为8-14微米,更好的为8-10微米。平均粒度(MV)考虑了不对称的粒度,说明了颗粒分布。因此,随粒度的增加,超出在此所述的8-14微米的范围,可预见到RDA值也会增加。然而,这些硅石的RDA值较低,保持相对恒定或以很慢的速度增加。这些硅石还具有良好的氟化物相容性。
某些这些沉淀硅石还可表征为胶凝或内聚的硅石,其中在酸化和/或固化过程中次级颗粒会内聚在一起以形成平均粒度为8-14微米的胶凝沉淀硅石。本发明的沉淀硅石颗粒中较好的应大于约2重量%,更好大于约5重量%,再好的应大于约10重量%,最好大于约15重量%是由这种胶凝物形成。胶凝并不是加入粘结剂的结果,而是次级颗粒由物理粘结特性所引起的自然胶凝作用。可推理,在老化和随后的固化期间,通过较小颗粒的内聚和大的胶凝物的分裂使硅石颗粒粒度趋于更均一。
因此,可推理,当用于洁牙剂配方时,在刷牙过程中与牙质或釉质接触时,胶凝的颗粒分裂,使沉淀硅石颗粒成为软的颗粒。当考虑到沉淀的硅石已经比以前的人工硅石具有更低的RDA值时,这种性质提供了能增加清洁但又降低了磨擦的洁牙剂组合物。所以,本发明的沉淀硅石的特征是,它是胶凝的沉淀的无定形硅石,其粒度基本均一,平均粒度为8-14微米,更好为8-10微米,RDA值低于以前工艺中硅石的RDA值。
这些沉淀硅石的一个特征是平均粒度与其显示的RDA之间的关系。本发明的沉淀硅石的平均粒度为8-14微米,而且未想到还具有相对较低的磨擦性和硬度。对弱结构的硅石,这种相对较低的磨擦性是本发明的沉淀硅石的特性。
根据J.Soc.Cosmet.Chem.29.,497-521(1978,8)和由Peter A.Lewis主编,JohnWiley & Sons,Inc.1988年版的颜料手册:第二版,第一卷,第139-159页性质和经济性中定义,本发明的沉淀硅石属于弱结构硅石。本沉淀硅石还有一个特点是其油吸收率为60-120毫升/100克,较好的为80-100毫升/克,更好的约为90毫升/克。这种硅石还可表征为具有BET表面积范围为50-250米2/克。
本发明的沉淀无定形硅石还有一个特征,是由压汞(HGI)空隙率测定仪测定为多孔性。本发明的硅石的压汞值范围为1.0-4.0毫升/克,较好为1.5-2.5毫升/克。本发明的沉淀硅石的又一特征在于,在5%的含水淤浆中测定,其pH值范围为4.0-8.5,较好为6.5-8.5。
为衡量洁牙剂清洁特性的表膜清除率(PCR),对本发明沉淀硅石,其值范围为70-140,较好的为100-130。为衡量沉淀硅石的磨损性的放射性牙质磨损(RDA),对本发明硅石,当加入到洁牙剂中时,其值范围为60-130,较好为60-100,更好为80-90。
本发明的硅石还有一个特征,其倾泄密度为12-16磅/英尺3、压实密度为25-30磅/英尺3,中值平均粒度为7.0-11.0。
当加入到洁牙剂组合物中时,这些硅石提供了改善的PCR/RDA比。PCR/RDA比用于确定洁牙剂配方的清洁和磨损特性的相对比。一般市场上销售的洁牙剂的配方中,PCR/RDA比的范围为0.5-<1.0。用于本发明组合物的沉淀硅石为洁牙剂配方提供的PCR/RDA比大于1,通常范围为1.1-1.9,但更好为1.2-1.9。
本发明的沉淀硅石最好表征为合成水合无定形硅石,也称作二氧化硅或SiO2。这一定义包括硅胶和硅石杂化物如Geltates。
虽然不受理论限制,但可以相信本发明的硅石磨擦剂比以前的工艺预测的软。
根据 牙科研究,1976,7-8期,563-573页中Hefferren提出的方法和在Wason的美国专利4,340,583,4,420,312和4,421,527描述的方法测定RDA(放射性牙质磨损)值,这些方法在此作为参考。
对G.K.Stookey,T.A.Burkhard和B.R.Schemerhorn的牙科研究(1982,61期,1236-1239页)中“用洁牙剂体外除去色斑”描述的PCR试验略加修改,用来测定PCR(表膜清除率)清除值。由修改的表膜清除率试验体外评价清洁性。这一试验与Stoockey等描述的相似,进行下面的修改:(1)涂布着色薄膜前,将一种透明人工表膜涂布到牛骨片上,(2)在涂布薄膜期间,用溶液加热而不是辐射加热,(3)将刷行次数减少到200次和(4)淤浆浓度为1份洁牙剂对3份水。
本发明中,采用ASTM揉合试验方法D281测定油吸收。采用 J.Am.Chem. Soc(1938,60期,309页)中Brunaur等的BET氮吸附方法测定表面积。为测定亮度,需将很细的粉末材料压成有光滑表面的片,采用Technidyne Brightmeter S-5/BC对其评价。这种仪器有一个双光束光学系统,样品在其中以45°角照明,在0°观察反射光。这与TAPPI试验方法T452和T646,ASTM标准D985一致。一系列的过滤器使所需波长的反射光朝向光电管,在那儿,反射光转变成输出电压。由一个用于显示和打印的内部微型电子计算机放大和处理信号。
用Leeds和Northrup公司的Microtrac II仪器测定平均粒度(平均值和中间值或50%)。具体地,将一激光束投射到其中含有在液体中悬浮的流动颗粒的透明池中。照射到颗粒上的光线以与其大小成反比的角度散射。光测仪测定在几个预定角度的光线量。用微型电子计算机系统处理与测定的光通量值成比例的电信号,以绘出颗粒分布的多级直方图。
用Autopore II 9220 Porosimeter(Micromertics Corporation)测定孔容(压汞孔容)。这种仪器可以测定各种材料的孔隙容积和孔径分布。压入空隙中的汞是压力函数,可以在每个设定的压力下计算压入每克样品中的汞量。在此表示的总孔隙容积代表了由真空到60,000psi压力下,压入汞的累积体积。将每一设定压力下,容积(毫升/克)的增加对相应的压力增加下的孔隙半径作图。在压入容积对孔隙半径曲线上的峰对应于孔径分布模型。它表示了样品最普通的孔径。
堆密度的测定:测定一定重量的磨擦剂所占的体积(升),其单位为磅/英尺3
用Einleher At-1000 Abrader按下面的方式测定硅石软度:一个长网线筛称重后,放在10%的含水硅石悬浮物中达一定时间,以每旋转100,000次后长网线筛失去的重量(毫克)来测定磨损量。Brass Einlehner(BE)的结果以毫克表示。
较好的硅石具有的BE约小于7,最好在2-5之间。
用淡水酸化方法制备这种沉淀硅石,其中由碱金属硅酸盐与无机酸在水溶液中反应可沉淀出硅石(二氧化硅或SiO2)。碱金属硅酸盐可以是任何碱金属硅酸盐,但最好是硅酸钠。在这一方法中可使用任何无机酸,最好是硫酸。
本发明的一个特征是,其制备方法是淡水方法,即在反应过程没有如矾、硫酸钠或氯化钠之类的电解质存在。
在优选的方法中,提供了硅酸钠水溶液,其中硅酸钠的浓度约为8.0-35重量%,较好的为8.0-15重量%。硅酸盐溶液中Na2O∶SiO2比应约为1-3.5∶1,较好的为2.5-3.4∶1。硫酸反应物在水中的浓度约为6-35重量%,较好的约为9.0-15重量%。
在优选的步骤中,在硫酸与其余硅酸盐反应的反应器中加入少量硅酸钠溶液。在优选的实施方案中,最初放入反应器作为对硅石的引发核的硅酸钠溶液,仅约为按总化学计量的1-5%,较好约为2%。在加入硫酸和其余硅酸钠之前,将硅酸钠水溶液在搅拌下预热到约80-90℃。可由普通的搅拌设备提供搅拌。随后,在继续搅拌下,一定时间内,分别向反应器缓慢加入硅酸钠和硫酸。在较好的实施方案中,以约7-12升/分钟,更好以8.94升/分钟速度将硅酸钠计量到反应混合物中。以约1-4升/分钟,但更好是2.95升/分钟速度将硫酸加入到反应器。
在约40-60分钟,更好是50分钟将硅酸钠溶液和硫酸计量到反应器中的硅酸钠溶液中。在加入终点即硅石沉淀点,停止加入硅酸钠溶液,搅拌下继续加入硫酸直到反应器中pH值为5.0-5.8。此时,硅石沉淀,得到沉淀的硅石和反应液的混合物。
硅石沉淀,降低混合物的pH值后,随后混合物进行老化和固化。将混合物温度升高到90-98℃,较好约为95-98℃,在继续搅拌下进行老化,停留时间约为5-60分钟,较好约为10-30分钟。
将混合物温度进一步升高到约100℃,在继续搅拌下固化产物,使反应混合物在固化时间内沸腾,固化时间约为1.5-2小时,较好约为30-80分钟,更好约为1小时。老化和固化过程是本发明的关键特征。
反应完成后,pH值重新调整到约5.0,过滤反应混合物,用水洗涤,以从滤饼中除去盐。随后干燥滤饼,最好使用普通的喷雾干燥法,使产生的沉淀硅石含有约3-10%水分。如果需要,通过调整研磨条件,将沉淀硅石研磨到所需粒度。由于这种方法的独特性,很容易调整研磨条件,生成出所需平均值的硅石颗粒。
较好的沉淀硅石材料包括J.M.Huber公司的商品名为“Zeodent”的产品,特别是牌号为“Zeodent 128”和“Zeodent CH 687-110-5”的硅石。
当洁牙剂为牙膏时,在此所述的组合物中磨料量约为6-70%,较好约为15-35%。如果组合物是牙粉,磨料的量较高,可达95%。
除了上述基本组分外,本发明的实施方案还含有各种下面描述的供选择的洁牙剂组分。供选择的组分包括,但不限于,粘结剂、泡沫剂、香味剂、甜味剂、添加的抗牙斑剂、磨擦剂和着色剂。在Maieti的美国专利5,004,597(1991,4,2),Parran,Jr.等的美国专利4,885,155(1989,12,5),Agricola等的美国专利3,959,458(1976,5,25)和Haefele的美国专利3,937,807(1976,2,10)中进一步描述了这些组分和其他组分,所有组分在此作为参考。
药物可接受的载体
用于本发明组合物的组分的载体可以是任何适用于口用洁牙剂的赋形剂。这样的载体包括牙膏、牙粉、预防牙病牙膏、糖锭、胶等。下面将对这些载体进行描述。其中牙膏是较好的。
表面活性剂:
本发明选择的药剂之一是表面活性剂,表面活性剂选自肌氨酸盐表面活性剂、羟乙磺酸盐表面活性剂和牛磺酸盐(taurate)表面活性剂。在此优选使用的是这些表面活性剂的碱金属或铵盐。最好的是下面这些的钠和钾盐:月桂酰肌氨酸盐、肉豆寇酰肌氨酸盐、棕榈酰肌氨酸盐、硬脂酰肌氨酸盐和油酰肌氨酸盐。
本发明组合物中表面活性剂的量约为总组合物重量的0.1-2.5%,较好的约为0.3-2.5%,最好的约为0.5-2.0%。
组合物中还可选择其他合适的可相容的表面活性剂与肌氨酸盐表面活性剂一起使用。在Agricola等的美国专利3,959,458(1976,5,25);Haefele的美国专利3,937,807(1976,2,10)和Gieske等的美国专利4,051,234(1988,9,27)中更详细描述合适的供选择的表面活性剂。这些专利在此作为参考。
在此使用的较好的阴离子表面活性剂包括水溶性的10-18个碳原子烷基的烷基硫酸盐和水溶性的10-18个碳原子脂肪酸的磺化单甘油盐。这类阴离子表面活性剂的例子有月桂基硫酸钠和椰子单甘油酯磺酸钠。也可以使用阴离子表面活性剂的混合物。
本发明中使用的较好的阳离子表面活性剂广义地定义为脂族季铵化合物的衍生物,这类化合物有一个含约为8-18个碳原子的烷基长链,衍生物有如氯化月桂基三甲铵、氯化鲸腊基吡啶鎓、溴化鲸腊基三甲铵、氯化二-异丁基苯氧基-二甲基苄铵、亚硝酸椰子烷基三甲铵、氟化鲸腊基吡啶鎓等。较好的化合物是Briner等的美国专利3,535,421(1970,10,20)中描述的氟化季铵,在此作为参考,所述的氟化季铵具有洗涤剂性质。一些阳离子表面活性剂还可以作为此处公开的组合物中的杀菌剂。如阳离子表面活性剂双氯苯双胍己烷(chlorhexidine)虽然适用于本发明,但由于其会污染口腔硬组织而不加以选择。本领域的技术人员都了解这种可能,并记住这个限制,加入阳离子表面活性剂。
本发明组合物中使用的较好的非离子型表面活性剂广义地定义为由烯化氧基(亲水性)与脂族或烷基芳族的有机疏水性化合物缩合产生的化合物。合适的非离子型表面活性剂例子包括Pluronics、烷基苯酚的聚环氧乙烷缩合物、环氧丙烷与亚乙基二胺的反应产物和环氧乙烷缩合的产物、脂族醇的环氧乙烷缩合物、氧化长链叔胺、氧化长链叔膦、长链二烷基亚砜和它们的混合物。
本发明中使用的两性离子合成表面活性剂广义地定义为脂族季铵、鏻和锍化合物的衍生物,其中的脂族基可以是直链或支链,一个脂族取代基含有8-18个碳原子,一个含有阴离子水溶性基团如羧基、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐或膦酸盐。
在Plefka等的美国专利5,180,577(1993,1 19)中揭示了较好的甜菜碱(betaine)表面活性剂。典型的烷基二甲基甜菜碱包括癸基甜菜碱或2-(N-癸基-N,N-二甲基氨溶)乙酸酯、椰子油甜菜碱或2-(N-coc-N,N-二甲基氨溶)乙酸酯、肉豆寇基甜菜碱、棕榈基甜菜碱。月桂基甜菜碱、鲸腊基甜菜碱、十八烷基甜菜碱等。酰氨甜菜碱的例子有椰子油酰氨乙基甜菜碱、月桂酰氨丙基甜菜碱等。其中较好的是椰子油酰氨丙基甜菜碱,更好的是月桂酰氨丙基甜菜碱。
螯合剂
选择的另一种较好的试剂是螯合剂,螯合剂选自酒石酸和药物可接受的酒石酸盐,柠檬酸和碱金属柠檬酸盐和它们的混合物。螯合剂能螯合细菌细胞壁上的钙。通过从有助于保持生物团块完整的钙键上除去钙,螯合剂还能破坏牙斑。然而,很可能使用的螯合剂对钙的亲和力过大。这将导致牙齿失去矿物质,这违背了本发明的目的。
柠檬酸钠和柠檬酸钾是优选的碱金属柠檬酸盐,最好是柠檬酸钠。柠檬酸/碱金属柠檬酸盐复合物也很好。在此也选择碱金属酒石酸盐。最好是酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钠钾,酒石酸氢钠、酒石酸氢钾。本发明中适用的螯合剂量约为0.1-2.5%,较好的为0.5-2.5%,更好的为1.0-2.5%。可以单独使用酒石酸盐螯合剂或与选择的其他螯合剂一起使用。
可以选择使用其他的螯合剂。最好这些螯合剂有约101-105的钙结合常数,可改善对牙斑和结石清除。
作为本发明适用的螯合剂的另一类试剂是可溶性焦磷酸盐。本发明组合物中使用的焦磷酸盐可以是任何碱金属焦磷酸盐。具体的例子包括四碱金属焦磷酸盐、二碱金属二酸焦磷酸盐、三碱金属单酸焦磷酸盐和它们的混合物,其中较好的碱金属是钠和钾。这些盐可以水合和未水合形式使用。本发明组合物中焦磷酸盐的有效使用量一般为至少1.0%的焦磷酸离子,较好的约为1.5-6%,更好的约为3.5-6%。当最终产物的pH值确定时,焦磷酸离子量应能供给组合物(即在这一pH值的理论量)和形成焦磷酸而不是P2O7 -4(如HP2O7 -3)。
在Kirk & Othmer,化工技术大全,第二版,15卷(1968)中描述了焦磷酸盐,在此作为参考。
还有一类用作本发明的螯合剂的是阴离子聚合物多羧酸盐。这样的物质是本领域众所周知的。其使用形式是其游离酸或部分或更好是全部中性水溶解的碱金属盐(如钾和更好是钠)或铵盐。最好是1∶4-4∶1的马来酐或酸与另一种可聚合烯化不饱和单体,较好的是甲基乙烯醚(甲氧基乙烯)的分子量(M.W.)约为30,000-1,000,000的共聚物。这些共聚物可以是从GAF Chemical Corporation得到的产品,Gantrez AN 139(M.W.500,000),AN 119(M.W.250,000)和较好是S-97Pharmaceutical Grade(M.W.70,000)。
其他聚合的多羧酸酯包括如马来酐与丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮或乙烯的1∶1的共聚物,后者是Monstanto EMA No.1103,M.W.10,000和EMA Grade 61的产品,和丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,与丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯,与异丁基乙烯醚或N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的1∶1的共聚物。
在Gaffar等的美国专利4,138,477(1979,2,6)和4,183,914(1980,1,15)中揭示了另外的聚合多羧酸酯,这两个专利在此作为参考,这些包括马来酐与苯乙烯、异丁烯或乙基乙烯醚的共聚物,聚丙烯酸、聚衣康酸和聚马来酸,和商品名为Uniroyal ND-2的M.W.为1,000的磺基丙烯酸低聚物。
还可在洁牙剂组合物中加入香味剂。合适的香味剂包括冬青油、薄荷油、留兰香油、黄樟油和丁香油。使用的甜味剂包括天冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯、乙酰舒泛、糖精、葡萄糖、果糖和环己烷氨基磺酸钠。洁牙剂中香味剂和甜味剂的量约为0.005-2重量%。
洁牙剂组合物中还含有乳化剂。合适的乳化剂是在很宽的pH值范围稳定和能发泡的乳化剂,包括非皂类阴离子、非离子、阳离子、两性离子和两性有机合成洗涤剂。由Gieske等在美国专利4,051,234(1977,9,27)中揭示了许多这类合适的表面活性剂,在此作为参考。
在洁牙剂和其他口用组合物中一般加入水溶性氟化合物,其量应能使组合物中的氟离子浓度在25℃和/或使用时,达到约0.0025-5.0重量%,较好为0.005-2.0重量%,以提供附加的抗龋效果。可以使用各种可产生氟离子的材料作为本组合物的可溶性氟化物的来源。在Briner等的美国专利3,535,421(1970,10,20)和Widder等的美国专利3,678,154(1972,7,18)中提到了合适的产生氟离子的材料,这两篇专利在此作为参考。代表性的氟离子源包括:氟化亚锡、氟化钠、氟化钾、单氟磷酸钠等。最好选择氟化亚锡和氟化钠,或其混合物。
本发明的牙膏中还含有水。制备牙膏时所使用的水最好应该是去离子和无有机杂质的水。一般水的量约为牙膏组合物重量的10-50%,较好为20-40%。水的量包括加入的游离水和与其他材料如山梨醇同时引入的水。
制备牙膏中,还需加入一些增稠剂,以提供所需的稠度。较好的增稠剂是羧乙烯聚合物、角叉菜胶(carrageenan)、羟乙基纤维素和纤维素醚的水溶性盐如羧甲基纤维素钠和羧甲基羟乙基纤维素钠。还可使用天然胶,如刺梧桐胶、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶和黄蓍胶。增稠剂的量为总组合物重量的0.5-5.0%。
还需要包括防止牙膏硬化的一些湿润剂。合适的湿润剂包括甘油、山梨糖醇和其他可食用的多元醇,其用量约为15-70%。
本发明的组合物中还需要有其他的如焦磷酸亚锡和葡萄糖酸亚锡的亚锡盐和如季铵盐的抗菌剂,如氯化鲸腊基吡啶鎓和氯化四癸基乙基吡啶鎓,二-双胍盐(bis-biquanide)、二甘氨酸铜,非离子抗细菌盐和芳香油。在Norris等的美国专利2,946,725(1960,7,26)和Gieske等的美国专利4,051,234(1977,9,27)中揭示了这些药剂,在此作为参考。其他可选择的组分包括缓冲剂、碳酸氢盐、过氧化物、硝酸盐如硝酸钠和硝酸钾。如果存在这些药剂,其量约为0.01-30%。
其他可使用的载体包括如在Lukacovic等的美国专利5,213,790(1993,5,23)、5,145,666(1992,9,8)和5,281,410(1994,1,25)和Schaeffer的美国专利4,849,213和4,528,180中揭示的二相性洁牙剂配方,在此作为参考。
在Grabenstetter的美国专利4,083,955(1978,4,11)中揭示了合适的糖锭和咀嚼胶组分。
下面的实施例将进一步描述和证明本发明范围内的较好实施方案。实施例仅用于说明本发明,但不对本发明构成限制,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下,可以进行各种修改。
实施例1
本发明的洁牙剂组合物含有下面的组分:
   组分                              重量%
   70%的山梨醇溶液                  24.200
   RO水                              24.757
   甘油                              7.000
   羧甲基纤维素1                    0.500
   PEG 6                             4.000
   氟化钠                            0.243
   糖精钠                            0.130
   磷酸单钠                          0.415
   磷酸三钠                          0.395
   酒石酸钠                          1.000
   二氧化钛                          0.500
   硅石2                            35.000
   月桂酰肌氨酸钠(95%的活性)        1.060
   香味剂                            0.800
1由Aqualon公司供应
2为J.M.Huber公司产品,商品名为Zeodent 128,具有下列性质:APS平均值=13.4微米,油吸收=95毫升/100克,HGI空隙率=1.95毫升/克,PCR=117,RDA=79。
将混合釜的夹套温度设定在约150°F(65℃)-160°F(71℃)。在混合釜中加入湿润剂和水,并开始搅拌。当温度达到约120°F(50℃)时,加入氟化物、甜味剂、缓冲剂、螯合剂、着色剂和二氧化钛。在磨料中加入增稠剂,产生的混合物加入到高速搅拌的混合釜中。再加入表面活性剂并继续搅拌。将釜冷却至120°F(50℃),加入香味剂。继续混合约5分钟。产生的组合物pH值约为7。
实施例2
本发明的洁牙剂组合物含有下面的组分:
   组分                              重量%
   70%的山梨醇溶液                  29.810
   RO水                              24.757
   甘油                              7.000
   羧甲基纤维素1                    0.500
   PEG 6                             4.000
   氟化钠                            0.243
   糖精钠                            0.130
   磷酸单钠                          0.415
   磷酸三钠                          0.395
   二氧化钛                          0.500
   硅石2                            30.000
   月桂基硫酸钠                      1.200
   香味剂                            0.800
1由Aqualon公司供应
2为J.M.Huber公司产品,商品名为Zeodent 128,具有下列性质:APS平均值=13.4微米,油吸收=95毫升/100克,HGI空隙率=1.95毫升/克,PCR=117,RDA=79。
实施例3
本发明的胶组合物含有下面组分。
   组分                                 重量%
   胶基                                  30.000
       30份酯胶
       45份苯并呋喃(coumorone)树脂
       15份干胶乳
   硅石1                                10.00
   糖                                    40.000
   玉米糖浆                              18.175
   月桂酰肌氨酸钠                        0.075
   酒石酸钠                              0.250
   香味剂                                1.500
1硅石具有下面性质;APS平均值=10.8微米,油吸收=90毫升/100克,HGI空隙率=1.7毫升/克,PCR=109,RDA=87。

Claims (14)

1.一种洁牙剂组合物,其特征在于它包括:
a.沉淀的硅石,所述的沉淀硅石是一种软结构的沉淀硅石,具有很窄的软颗粒粒度分布,其粒度平均值(MV)范围为8-14微米,油吸收范围为60-120毫升/100克,压汞(HGI)空隙率为1.0-4.0毫升/克;将上述的沉淀硅石加入到洁牙剂中,其表膜清洁率(PCR)为70-140,放射性牙质磨损值(RDA)为60-130;
其中PCR与RDA的比至少为1.1;
其中,随上述硅石粒度微米级的增加,RDA值基本保持恒定;和
b.0.1-99%的口腔可接受的洁牙剂载体。
2.如权利要求1所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于所述的磨料,当加入到洁牙剂组合物中时,其RDA的较好的范围为60-98,BET比表面积较好的范围为50-250米2/克,水淤浆的pH值的范围为4.0-8.5,其中所述的硅石颗粒为在平均粒度8-14微米的范围内分布得很窄的基本均一的粒度,其中较小颗粒通过物理粘结内聚成上述平均粒度范围内的颗粒。
3.如权利要求2所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于所述颗粒的中值平均粒度范围为7-11微米。
4.如权利要求3所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征在于组合物还包括氟离子源,其中氟离子源选自氟化钠、氟化亚锡、单氟磷酸钠、氟化钾和它们的混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征在于组合物还包括表面活性剂,较好的表面活性剂选自肌氨酸表面活性剂、羟乙磺酸盐表面活性剂和牛黄酸盐表面活性剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征在于组合物还包括0.1-2.5%的螯合剂,较好的螯合剂选自酒石酸和可接受的药物盐类,柠檬酸和碱金属柠檬酸盐和它们的混合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于组合物的pH值为7,其中的表面活性剂选自月桂酰肌氨酸钠、癸基肌氨酸钠、肉豆寇酰肌氨酸钠、十八烷基肌氨酸钠、棕榈酰肌氨酸钠、油酰肌氨酸钠和它们的混合物。
8.如权利要求7所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征在于组合物还包括15-70%湿润剂,较好的湿润剂选自甘油、山梨醇、丙二醇和它们的混合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于表面活性剂是月桂酰肌氨酸钠和椰子树氨基丙基甜菜碱的组合,螯合剂是酒石酸和酒石酸钠的组合。
10.如权利要求1所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于其形式为牙膏、牙粉、牙病预防牙膏、锭剂、胶或口香胶。
11.一种制备洁牙剂组合物的方法,其特征在于它包括下列组分:
a.沉淀硅石,所述的硅石由下面步骤制备:
i)提供浓度为8.0-35重量%的硅酸钠水溶液,Na2O∶SiO2之比为1-3.5∶1;
ii)提供浓度为6-35%的硫酸水溶液;
iii)搅拌下,在反应物中加入化学计量量的1-5%的所述硅酸钠;
iv)将所述的硅酸钠溶液加入到80-90℃;
v)在所述的反应器中缓慢加入硫酸和剩余的硅酸钠,硅酸钠以7-12升/分钟的速度计量到反应混合物中,硫酸以1-4升/分钟的速度计量到反应器中;
vi)在所述反应器中继续加入硅酸钠和硫酸,加入时间为40-60分钟;
vii)停止加入硅酸钠,搅拌下继续加入硫酸,直到最终pH值达到5.0-5.8,以提供在反应器液体中沉淀的硅石;
viii)在10-60分钟,继续搅拌下将所述反应混合物的温度升高到90-98℃;和
ix)在至少30分钟-2小时,通过沸腾所述的混合物固化反应混合物,使形成基本均一的粒度的沉淀硅石;
x)冷却反应混合物,回收沉淀的硅石;和
b.0.1-99%的一种口腔可接受的洁牙剂载体。
12.如权利要求1所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于所述的沉淀硅石中大于2%的是胶凝形成的硅石。
13.如权利要求12所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于所述的沉淀硅石中大于5%的是胶凝形成的硅石。
14.如权利要求4所述的洁牙剂组合物,其特征还在于所述的沉淀硅石中大于5%的是胶凝形成的硅石。
CN95195240A 1994-09-26 1995-09-25 洁牙剂组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1107494C (zh)

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