CN1098559C - 自动调节音频响应以改善清晰度的方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G9/00—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control
- H03G9/02—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers
- H03G9/12—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having semiconductor devices
- H03G9/14—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having semiconductor devices for gain control and tone control
Abstract
根据环境噪音电平自动地调节音频响应来改善无线电接收机中接收的话音的清晰度。当出现高的环境噪音时,以牺牲低频响应为代价增大较高音频的相对增益。在此情况下,通过增大高频增益所造成的较高的清晰度是以一定的“逼真度”为交换的。环境噪音电平基于或者是根据音量大小或者是根据由话筒直接采样的环境噪音来确定。一个音频响应信息被根据环境噪音电平组成,并且一个数字信号处理器按照音频响应信息调节无线电接收机的音频响应。
Description
背景
本发明概括地讲涉及无线电接收机、具体讲,涉及动态地变化无线电接收机的音频响应以改善所接收的话音清晰度的装置和方法。
汽车和便携式收音机常常在高环境噪音的区域中被使用,这些噪音降低了所传播的和所接收的信息的清晰度。使用消噪音话筒使得讲出的是削弱了的传输的结果,但是很少有一个用户能够做到在接收收音机信号的同时克服环境的噪音除非增大所接收的音量或戴上耳机。
这两种方法的可用性受到限制。即收音机能够产生的无严重失真的总音量的限制,特别是对于便携式接收机。此外,增大音量会增加原先存在着的高环境噪音电平,这又可能造成其它的噪音源增大它们的音量,因而进一步使问题恶化。耳机会造成舒适方面的问题,并且环境噪音的衰减可能引起戴者的安全问题。
一些消费性收音机装置的制造厂在它们的音频接收机中包括了一种“响度”控制,当其在预置的音频响应曲线之间进行选择时,将人工的操作留给了用户。
发明概要
本发明的目的是提供一种方法和装置其中音频响应是自动调节的以改善在高环境噪音区域中的清晰度,因而克服现有技术的问题。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于动态地改变无线电收音机音频响应以求在所接收话音的“逼真度”和清晰度之间取得最佳折衷的方法和装置。
从概念上讲“逼真度”指的是所产生的声音的自然的频率。在这个意义上,“自然的”音频响应不包括任何频率的增强因此输出信号响应更接近地与输入信号一致。
一般讲,本发明的基本概念是在存在着高环境噪音的时候以低的频率响应为代价增大较高的音频频率的相对增益以改善清晰度。关于何时提高高频增益的决定能够根据采样的环境噪音或根据用户选取的接收音量设置来作出。(在后一种情况中,高的设置将被作为环境噪音也是高的标志。)在高环境噪声电平的情况下,由增大的高频增益所提供的较高的清晰度是以一定的“逼真度”作交换的。
通过提供一种动态地改变无线电接收机的音频响应的方法来实现本发明的这些和其它的目的。该方法包括(a)测定环境噪音电平;(b)按照环境噪音电平确定音频响应功能;和(c)按照音频响应功能调节无线电接收机的音频响应。步骤(b)可以通过建立关于数字信号处理器(DSP)的音频响应信息或通过改变专用滤波电路的频率响应来实现。
在优选的形式中,步骤(a)可通过决定音量调节器位置或者通过刮用话筒输入采样环境噪音电平来实施。在每个例子中,步骤(b)最好通过分别地访问一个音频参数数组和选取与音量调节旋钮位置或采样的环境噪音电平相对应的参数来实现。
该方法可以进一步地包括将接收音频通带至少分成为低频和高频子带以确定与每个音量调节旋钮位置或环境噪音电平量程相对应的音频参数数组。在这一点上,步骤(b)最好通过访问音频参数数组和选取对应于音量调节旋钮位置或采样的环境噪音电平的参数来实施。
步骤(c)可以通过(d)相对于低音频频率调节高音频率增益来进行。并且当环境噪音电平增大时,步骤(d)最好通过相对于低音频率增大高音频率增益来实行。
步骤(c)之前,该方法可以进一步包括将音频响应信息发送给DSP,在这里步骤(c)由DSP来执行,进一步,该方法可以包括:还是在步骤(c)之前,从音频响应信息中提取音频响应参数并且将此音频响应参数代入DSP滤波程序。
按照本发明的另一种表达,另一种动态地改变无线电接收机音频响应的方法被提供。这种方法包括(a)测定环境噪音电平;以及(b)按照环境噪音电平相对于低音频率调节高音频率的增益。在这方面,当环境噪音电平增大时,通过相对于低音频率增大高音频率的增益来实施步骤(b)。
仍然根据本发明的另一种表达,动态地改变无线电接收机的音频响应的装置被提供,该装置执行按照本发明的方法。装置包括测定环境噪声电平的设备;一个控制器,该控制器根据环境噪声电平建立音频响应信息;以及一个根据音频响应信息调节无线电接收机的音频响应的数字信号处理器(DSP)。
还是按照本发明的另一种表达,另一种动态地改变无线电接收机频率响应的装置被提供。该装置包括测定环境噪声电平的设备,以及按照环境噪音电平相对于低音频率调节高音频率增益的设备。当环境噪音电平增高时,该调节设备最好是相对于低音频率增大高音频率的增益。
依靠本发明,没有需要由操作者进行的调节,特别是在由采样的环境噪音直接控制的时候。此外,当着必需提高清晰度时,接收话音的逼真度只有被牺牲,因此在正常的环境噪音条件期间,接收的音频不会被改变。更进一步讲,通过限制低频的能量,高频的音量能够被升高到实质上超过失真通常会限制可用音量的点。
附图的简要说明
鉴于结合附图阅读随后的优选实施例的详细说明,本发明的各种表达及其优点将变得更为清楚。在这些附图中
图1是显示便携式收音机的硬件配置的方块图。
图2是按照本发明的控制微处理器执行程序的流程图。
图3是按照本发明说明电子通信原理的曲线。
图4是按照本发明的数字信号处理器(DSP)执行程序的流程图。
优选实施例的详细说明
图1显示一个便携式收音机例如由弗吉尼亚Lynchburg的Ericsson公司生产和销售的Ericsson Prism(EP)便携式收音机的硬件配置的方块图。本专业的普通程度的人士会思考出其它的执行按照本发明的方法的结构配置,并且本发明不意味着被局限于图示的便携式收音机。图1所示的结构仅仅是与本发明的特点相兼容的硬件配置的一个例子。
参见图1,便携式收音机10包括一个微处理器12,其用作收音机的主控制器。微处理器12监测由用户控制的输入14所提供的输入信号。用户控制的输入包括用户控制机构比如话筒按钮(PTT),音量控制以及信道选择器。一个电可擦除的只读存储器16(EEPROM)保存那些体现用户需求产生的信息。此信息可包括工作频率,群ID’s(标识符),操作者参考以及类似的东西。刷新存储器18也与微处理器12通讯且存储用于微处理器的编程信息和类似于保存在EEPROM中的个人信息。刷新存储器还包含要下载给数字信号处理器(DSP)20(下面说明)的操作软件。显示器22是典型的液晶显示LCD指示器,用于显示当前选择和收音机的状态。
数字信息处理器(DSP)20负责所有音频处理和承担部分调制解调器的作用。解调器的功能是由DSP 20提供的,并且全部音频滤波器是由DSP20完成的。数字化的话筒音频输入22与DSP20通讯,其中话筒音频信号已经被一编解码器或等效设备数字化。数字化的接收机中频输入24也和DSP通信,其中接收机中频信号被馈送给相位数字化装置,然后直接由DSP20采样。输出给综合器的数字化的发射机(TX)调制信号是发送音频信号,它以数字化的形式被发送给送话器的综合器。在这种特定的配置中,向模拟音频信号的转换是不必要的,最后,数字化的接收机(RX)音频输出28(关于讲话者的音频信号)也被提供,这是为讲话者指定的数字音频信号。该信号在被送给音频功率放大器(没有画出)之前被一个外部的编解码器转换为模拟音频信号。
便携式收音机的详细结构为本专业的普通技术人员所熟知,图示在图1中的结构的细节因此不做进一步的说明。
图2和图4表示由便携式收音机10的微处理器12所完成的过程。图2说明作为由微处理器12周期性地完成的背景任务的一部分而执行的过程。在此背景任务期间,微处理器检验控制输入以探测用户的行动,比如按键被压和旋钮被转动,并测定环境噪音的电平以便确定音频响应功能。藉助于DSP20,通过组成一个相应的音频响应信息来确定此音频响应功能作为对DSP20的一种替换,一种专用的模拟滤波电路(没画出)可被提供。这样一来,音频响应功能将会通过调整此专用的滤波电路的响应来确定。
按照本发明,环境噪声电平在步骤S101中首先被检测。如果环境噪声电平被发现一点没变成或者不足以构成改变(在步骤S102中为否),则微处理器12向前跳至步骤S105,且不采取行动。但是,如果新和环境噪声电平被探测到(步骤S102中为是),则微处理器从专用的存储器(或者EEPROM或者刷新存储器)中提取与新的噪音电平有关的音频参数(步骤S103)。在步骤S104中,这些参数被组合成信息,然后被送往DSP20。
在步骤S101中所检测的环境噪声电平或者是根据音量设置(由音量调节旋钮的位置决定)或者是根据使用数字化话筒的音频输入22环境噪声的直接取样而确定的。关于确定音量设置,假定了高的音量设置是高环境噪音电平的表示。微处理器根据音量设置或采样的环境噪音电平访问一个音频参数表,该表包含存储在EEPROM16和/或刷新存储器18中的音频参数。
音频参数表的确定来源于基础的电子通信原理。图3表示按照本发明的重要的概念,曲线b显示了通过在不同点上设置低截止频率所引起的对清晰度系数的影响。一般的汽车收音机系统使用一个较低的300Hz的截止频率,它产生接近100%的清晰度系数。曲线b显示,将此较低的截止频率提高到1000Hz,只造成清晰度系数的一个小的下降,降至90%。曲线d显示总的声能是低截止频率的函数。能够看出,向上移动低截止频率至1000Hz造成总声能的较大的减小。如上面所指出的,曲线b提供这能够达到对清晰度系数具有小的影响。
因此提高截止频率会降低由较低频率的话音分量产生的对总能量的贡献,同时对清晰度系数有一个小的影响。优点在于能量的降低允许较大的放大被加到较高的频率上,这些频率传递了人类语音的较大部分信息。作为交换损失的是话音的“逼真度”。由于加到音频频率不同频带上的是不均匀的放大,因此对讲话者的声音的保真度有损失。
音频参数的可能的数据结构在下面给出,在这种结构中,有一个数组,该数组对每种可能的音量设置包含一行。如果利用直接采样环境噪音的方法来确定环境噪音电平。类似的数组将被访问,该数组对每个环境噪音电平的选择范围包含一行。(在此例中,为讨论方便,假定音量可分八步调节,收音机一般会有32个或更多的可选电平)。每一行包含一个用于每个接收音频的子带的加强/消减(boost/back)(正/负增益)设置。在此例中,接收音频通带被分成低频,中频和高频子带。加强/消减值表示相对于缺省的音频响应曲线的增益。利用这组数据,在音量设置为5或更大时,中和高频将接收相对放大的信号,而低频增益将被减小。
音量设置 | 低频 | 中频 | 高频 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | -1 | 0 | +1 |
6 | -2 | 0 | +2 |
7 | -3 | -1 | +3 |
8 | -4 | -2 | +4 |
注意,此图表说明本发明的一个特殊的装置。在这种情况下,音频曲线根据音量设置成形,音量设置被假定是传送信号被接收处的环境噪音条件的代表。正如上面所指出的,采样的环境噪音能被代替地用于访问专用存储器。
图4详细说明DSP算法,此算法处理来自微处理器的信息,并且,具体讲即应答音频响应信息的DSP软件。用和微处理器相同的方式,DSP有一系列的背景任务,这些任务以常规的方式被完成。一个此类任务是检验和处理来自微处理器的信息,如果无信息出现(在步骤S201中为否),处理器向前跳到步骤S205并且任务被结束。但是,如果一个信息出现(在步骤S201中为是),信息类型字段在步骤S202中被检验。信息但不是音频响应信息在此处未详细说明的软件段中被处理(在步骤S202中为否)。当一个音频响应信息被接收时(在步骤S202中为是),一个新的音频响应参数在步骤S203中从此信息中被提取。在步骤S204中,这些新的参数被代入到DSP音频滤波程序。这些程序可能已经在应用中,例如在收音机正在接收一个呼叫的情况。换言之,如果滤波程序当前不在使用中,新的参数将在滤波程序下一次开始时被应用。然后过程处理至步骤S205并且结束任务。
正如在上面所说明的流程图中所表示的,当环境噪音电平增大时,这或者通过音量电平别的增加或者通过话筒采样环境噪音的增大被探测到,以牺牲低频响应为代价增大较高音频的相对增益来改善清晰度。当然,在必须提高清晰度时只有损失接收话音的逼真度,并且因此,在正常的环境噪音条件期间接收的音频将不作变化。此外,由于限制低频的能量,高频的音量可能被提高,实质上超过失真通常会限制可用音量的点。
在本发明已经被结合目前被认为是最实际和最优选的实施例加以说明的同时,应该理解到,本发明不局限于所揭示的实施例,而是正相反,想要复盖在附加的权利要求的精神和领域内所包含的各种各样的修正的和等价的装置。
Claims (29)
1.动态地改变无线电接收机音频响应的方法,该方法包括:
(a)确定环境噪音电平;
(b)按照环境噪音电平确定一个音频响应参数;以及
(c)通过根据环境噪音电平相对于低音频率调节高音频率的增益而按照音频响应参数调节无线电接收机的音频响应。
2.按照权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(a)通过探测音量调节旋钮的位置来进行。
3.按照权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(b)通过访问一个音频参数数组并选择与音频旋钮位置对应参数来进行。
4.按照权利要求2的方法,进一步包括将接收音频通带分成至少是低频和音频子带的步骤以便确定对应于每个音量旋量位置的音频参数数组。
5.按照权利要求4的方法,其中步骤(b)通过访问一个音频参数数组和选择与音量调节旋钮位置相对应的参数来进行。
6.按照权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(a)通过利用话筒输入采样环境噪音电平来进行。
7.按照权利要求6的方法,其中步骤(b)通过访问音频参数数组并选择此采样的环境噪音电平相对应的参数来进行。
8.按照权利要求6的方法,包括进一步的将接收音频通带至少分成低频和高频子带的步骤以确定对应于环境噪音电平的范围的音频参数的数组。
9.按照权利要求8的方法,其中步骤(b)通过访问音频参数数组并选择与采样的环境噪音电平相对应的参数来进行。
10.按照权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(c)通过(d)相对于低音频率调节高音频率的增益来实施。
11.按照权利要求10的方法,其中当环境噪音电平增大时,步骤(d)通过增大相对于低音频率的高音频率的增益来进行。
12.按照权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(b)通过按照环境噪音电平组成一个音频响应信息来实施。
13.按照权利要求12的方法,包括进一步的,关于步骤(c)的,将音频响应信息送至数字信号处理器(DSP)的步骤,其中步骤(c)由DSP执行。
14.按照权利要求12的方法,包括进一步的,先于步骤(c)的,从音频响应信息中提取音频响应参数并且将此音频响应参数代入到数字信号处理器滤波程序中的步骤。
15.按照权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(b)通过调整专用的滤波电路的响应来实施。
16.按照权利要求1的方法,其中当环境噪音电平增大时,步骤(c)通过增大相对于低音频率的高音频率的增益来进行。
17.动态地改变无线电接收机的音频响应的装置,该装置包括:
测量环境噪音电平的设备;
一个控制器其根据环境噪音电平组成音频响应信息;以及
数字信号处理器(DSP)其根据音频响应信息调节无线电接收机的音频响应,该数字信号处理器包括根据环境噪音电平相对于低音频率用于调节高音频率的增益的设备。
18.按照权利要求17的装置,其中所说的测量设备包括一个用于探测音量调节旋钮位置改变的探测器。
19.按照权利要求17的装置,其中所说的控制器通过访问音频参数数组且通过选择与音量旋钮位置相对应的音频参数来组成所说的音频响应信息。
20.按照权利要求18的装置,其中所说的控制器将接收的音频通带至少分成低频和高频子带以确定对应于每个音量旋钮位置的一个音频参数数组。
21.按照权利要求20的装置,其中所说的控制器通过访问音频参数数组并且选择对应于音量旋钮位置的参量组成所说的音频响应信息。
22.按照权利要求17的装置,其中所说的测量设备包括一个采样环境噪声电平的话筒输入。
23.按照权利要求22的装置,其中所说的控制器通过访问音频参数数组并且选择对应于采样的环境噪音电平的参数来组成所说的音频响应信息。
24.按照权利要求22的装置,其中所说的控制器将接收音频通带至少分成为低频和高频子带以确定对应于环境噪音电平范围的音频参数数组。
25.按照权利要求24的装置,其中所说的控制器通过访问音频参数数组并且选择对应于采样的环境噪音电平的参数来组成所说的音频响应信息。
26.按照权利要求17的装置,其中所说的DSP通过相对于低音频率调节高音频率的增益来调节无线电接收机的音频响应。
27.按照权利要求26的装置,其中所说的DSP在环境噪音电平增大时通过增大相对于低音频率的高音频率的增益来调节音频响应。
28.按照权利要求17的装置,其中所说的DSP从音频响应信息中提取音频响应参数并且将音频响应参数代入DSP滤波程序。
29.按照权利要求17的装置,其中所说的调节设备在环境噪音电平增大时相对于低音频率增大高音频率的增益。
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CN (1) | CN1098559C (zh) |
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BR (1) | BR9708516A (zh) |
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KR100443703B1 (ko) | 2004-11-10 |
EP0891652B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
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