CN1080106C - 具有竖立的横向间隔的吸收性物品 - Google Patents

具有竖立的横向间隔的吸收性物品 Download PDF

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CN1080106C
CN1080106C CN93119863A CN93119863A CN1080106C CN 1080106 C CN1080106 C CN 1080106C CN 93119863 A CN93119863 A CN 93119863A CN 93119863 A CN93119863 A CN 93119863A CN 1080106 C CN1080106 C CN 1080106C
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absorbent commodity
lateral separation
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diaper
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M·E·弗里兰
J·L·德拉古
P·J·艾伦
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

一可弃吸收性物品、具有一横向间隔，其从顶层竖起并存在一个在可弃吸收性物品的平面之外的突发的间断，其阻止保留在可弃吸收性物品后部的排泄物流到可弃吸收性物品的前部。这种阻止作用减少了沾污使用者的阴部。可弃吸收性物品可具有竖起的阻挡层腿部翻边。横向间隔可连接到阻挡层腿部翻边形成H型。

Description

具有竖立的横向间隔的吸收性物品
本发明涉及可弃的吸收性物品，特别涉及可减少其上所保留的排泄物的流动的可弃的吸收性物品。
可弃的吸收性物品诸如尿布，是公知的技术。可弃的吸收性物品保留和吸收在其上的人体排泄物，诸如尿和粪便。
有关吸收和保留尿液沉积物的技术已取得显著的进步。例如，可弃的吸收性物品由于结合吸收性胶凝材料，使其很少泄漏并可做得很薄。
然而在本领域中，很少有人尝试处理保留在可弃的吸收性物品中的排泄物，排泄物有污染使用者皮肤的不良倾向，引起刺激皮肤，并且当污染的尿布或其它可弃的吸收性物品去除时，使清洁使有者的任务变得很困难。
为克服这种倾向，在本领域中已作了一些尝试，以使排泄物与使用者的皮肤隔离。这种尝试一般提供一空隙或孔，排泄物存放和保留(希望的)在其中，以使排泄物放在空隙或孔限定的位置中。这种尝试的例子描述在：美国专利41662,877,1987年5月5日授予WUiams；美国专利4,892,536,1990年1月9日授予DesMarais等人；美国专利4,968,312,1990年11月6日授予Khan；美国专利4,990,147,1991年2月5日授予Freeland；美国专利5,062,840,1991年11月5日授予HoLT等人。
本领域中的已作出的其它尝试是提供套，该套试图约束肛门、生殖器，或试图隔离使用者身体的这些部位。这些努力对使用者是不适的并且需要精确确定套的位置。
在另一些尝试中，横向或纵向延伸的弹性阻挡层已放在尿布的顶层下面。但是这种结构的缺点是放在项层上的排泄物是在阻挡层之上，仍能流动并仍产生上述问题。这种结构不能简便地提供阻止尿布的顶层上的排泄物的流动所必要的突然的间断。
另外，这种结构用于阻止排泄物的过分横向流动方面甚至是无效的。设置在顶层之下的阻挡层不易于连接到纵向延伸的阻挡层腿部翻边上，这在用于减少从尿布中的泄漏的技术领域是公知的。这样，由阻挡层引导的排泄物可横向流动到尿布的周边并且突破该周边导致泄漏。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种具有横向阻挡层的可弃的吸收性物品，横向阻挡层可与连接可弃的吸收性物品的其它元件诸如阻挡层腿部翻边相连地使用以减少泄漏。本发明的另一目的是提供一种可弃的吸收性物品，其限制排泄物的流动，因此减少皮肤与排泄物的接触，并减轻了看护人的清洁劳动。最后，本发明的一个目的是提供一突发的在可弃的吸收物品上的表面间断，以阻止排泄物的纵向流动。
所完成的说明书和权利要求特别指明了本发明的保护范围，应当相信从下面结合附图的描述中将非常易于理解本发明，其中相同的数字表示同一元件：
图1，是根据本发明的可弃吸收性物品的顶视平面图，局部剖面的示出吸收性物品并为清楚地目的省略了海绵帽，并且没有弹性减少收缩区；
图2是沿图1中2-2线偏置的垂直剖面图；
图3是沿图1中3-3线的局部垂直剖面图；
图4是根据本发明的尿布的一个替换实施例的立体图，其具有将阻挡层腿部翻边连结在一起形成的横向间隔。
本发明包括一种可弃的吸收性物品诸如尿布。可弃的吸收性物品有一可透液体的顶层，顶层有一向外朝向身体的表面，该表面在使用中朝向使用者，并且顶层还有一相对于面对体部表面的面对芯部的表面。可弃的吸收性物品还包括一不透液体的底层，底层至少在部分周边地连接到顶层上，以及一个在顶层和底层中间的吸收芯。
可弃的吸收性物品还包括一设置在顶层的面向体部的横向间隔，其由该处向外延伸，从可弃吸收性物品的平面上竖起和伸出。横向间隔将可弃吸收性物品分成一前部和一后部，并且在前部与后部之间具有一突然的间断。存放在可弃吸收性物品后部的排泄物被横向间隔阻止其纵向流向可弃吸收性物品的前部。
这里使用的术语“吸收性物品”涉及吸收和保留人体排泄物的部件，特别是涉及贴着或靠近使用者身体的部件，以吸收和保留人体的各种排泄物。术语“可弃的”这里用来描述吸收性物品不打算洗净或回收或再作吸收性物品使用(即，打算将其在一次使用之后丢掉，最好能以协调环境保护的方式再循环、合成或进行其它处理)。一件“单一的”吸收性物品涉及由单个另件组装形成一整体的吸收性物品，以致其不需单个于控部件如单个的托和衬垫。本发明的吸收性物品的所选实施例是单一的吸收性物品，如图1所示的尿布20。这里使用的术语“尿布”涉及一种吸收性物品，一般由婴幼儿或不能自制的人穿在下身。然而应该理解，本发明也能应用于其它吸收性物品诸如不能自制的人用的三角裤和内衣，尿布托和衬垫，一些女性卫生衣等。
图1是本发明的尿布20的平面图，尿布20呈平展开的未收缩的状态(即弹性引起的收缩被拉平)，其部分结构被去掉以更清楚地示出尿布20的结构，并且尿布20的接触人体的面(内表面)朝向观察者。如图1所示尿布20最好包括一个能透过液体的顶层24；一不能透过液体的底层26连结到顶层24上；一吸收性芯28设置在顶层24与底层26之间；大腿部弹性阻挡层翻边32；一固定装置一般用36表示；和一竖立的横向间隔38。
尿布20的顶层24在尿布使用时有一面对着(并总是接触)使用者的向身体侧的表面，和一相对于向身体侧的表面的向芯部表面。尿布20的顶层24的向身体侧的表面包括尿布20的一部分，该部分在使用中设置在相邻于使用者的身体(即，内表面一般由顶层24的至少一部分和连结到顶层24的其它元件组成)。尿布20还有：一第一腰部31，当使用尿布时，该部分朝向使用者的前面；一纵向相对第一腰部31的第二腰部33；一设置在第一腰部31与第二腰部33之间的裆部35；和一由尿布2-0的外边缘限定的边缘部。
尿布20具有一纵向轴L-L，其将尿布20分成左、右两个半部，并且该轴线将站立的使用者分成左和右各半的体部。尿布20还包括垂直于纵向轴L-L的横向轴线T-T，其将尿布20分成一前部和一后部。垂直于互相垂直的纵向轴L-L和横向轴T-T的是Z轴，其从尿布20的平面向外延伸。
尿布20的元件如果形成与横向中线T-T±45°或更小的夹角，则被认为是横向的，类似的，如果元件形成与纵向轴L-L±45°或更小的夹角则被认为是纵向的。
图1示出尿布20的所选实施例，其中顶层24和底层26的长和宽的尺寸一般大于吸收芯28的尺寸。顶层24和底层26超出吸收芯28的边缘延伸，由此形成了尿布20的边缘。而顶层24、底层26和吸收芯28可组成各种已知形状，所选的尿布形状一般描述在美国专利3,860,003名称为“可弃性尿布的收缩边部”1975年1月14日授予Kenneth B.Buell的专利中，以及KennethB.Bell等人1991年6月13日提交的美国专利申请号071715,152,名称为“具有预置的柔弹性铰链的动态弹性腰部特性的吸收性物品”之中；这里结合每份文件作为参考。
吸收芯28可以是任何的吸收装置，其一般是可压缩的、舒适的不刺激使用者皮肤的并且能吸收和保留液体诸如尿和其它人体排泄物。如图1所示，吸收芯28是有一向内衣的表面，一向身体的表面、侧边和腰部边缘。吸收芯28可制成各种各样的尺寸和形状(例如矩形，砂漏形；不对称形等等)，并且可用各种吸收液体材料制造，该种材料通常用在可弃性尿布和其它吸收性物品，诸如由一般涉及气垫毛毡(airfelt)的粉末木浆制造。其它适当的吸收材料例如包括绉纹纤维素填料；包括(coform)的熔法非织造聚合物；化学硬化的、改性的或交联纤维素纤维；包括经纱薄绢和层压薄绢的薄绢；吸收性泡沫塑料；吸收性海绵；超吸收性聚合物；吸收性胶凝材料；或任何相应材料或材料的组合物。吸收性芯的形状和结构也是可变化的(例如吸收性芯可有厚度改变区、亲水梯度、超吸收性梯度、或低的平均密度和低的平均单位重量获得区；或者可包括一或多层结构)。然而，吸收芯28的总吸收性能与设计能力和打算使用的尿布20相容。另外，吸收芯28的尺寸和吸收性能可以改变以适应使用者从婴儿到成人的范围。用作吸收芯28的吸收性结构例如描述在：1986年9月9日授予Weisman等人的名称为“高密度吸收结构”的美国专利4,610,678；1987年7月16日授予Weisman等人的美国专利4,673,402，其名称为“具有双层芯的吸收性物品”；1989年12月19日授予Angstadt的名称为“有一除尘层的吸收芯”的美国专利4,888,231；以及1989年5月3 0日授予ALemony等人的名称为“具有低密度和低单位重量获得区的高密度吸收件”的美国专利4,834,735。这些专利中的每一个都作为参考。
顶层26设置在相邻于吸收芯28的向内衣表面的位置，并且最好用已有技术中已知的固定装置(未示出)联结在该处。例如，用粘接剂的均匀连续涂层、粘合剂的花纹层、或分离长纤维的排列、螺旋花线、或粘合剂斑点。业已发现令人满意的粘合剂是ST.Paul，MinnesoTa的H、B、Fuller公司制造的商标为HL—1258。固定装置最好包括粘合剂的长纤维的开式花纹网眼织物，如描述在美国专利4,573,986名称为“可弃的回丝一密封内衣”，1986年3月4日授予Minetola等人；更好的是粘合剂由细丝的几条长丝盘结成一螺旋花纹，诸如在下列专利描述的设置和方法中：1975年10月7日授予Sprague，Jr.的美国专利3,911,173；1978年11月22日授予Zieche等人的美国专利4,785,996；以及1989年6月27日授予Werenicz的美国专利4,842,666。这里参考这些专利中的每一个。另外，紧固装置可包括热粘合，动态机械粘合、或者足已有技术中任何其它适当的紧固装置或这些紧固装置的组合。
底层26是不透液体的(如尿)并最好用薄的塑料膜制成，其它柔性的不透液体的材料也可以使用。这里使用术语“柔性的”涉及顺从的并易于适应人体总的形状和轮廓的材料。底层26阻止吸收和保持在吸收芯28中的排泄物弄湿接触尿布20的物品诸如床单和内衣。底层26可包括纺织的或非纺织材料、聚合膜诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜，或者复合材料诸如非纺织材料涂复的膜。较好的是，底层是热塑性膜，其厚度从约为0.012毫米(0.5mil)至约为0.051毫米(2.0mils)。用作底层的特选材料包括RR8220吹塑薄膜和RR5475挤塑薄膜，是由Terre Haute，IN的Tredegar工业有限公司生产的。底层26最好被压纹和/或暗淡色调处理，以提供更为衣服化的形状。另外，底层26可允许气化以离开吸收芯28(即透气)，仍能防止排泄物透过底层26。
顶层24设置在相邻于吸收芯28的向身体侧的表面处，并最好是至少在周边的一部分上由连接装置(未示出)连接到该处并连接到底层26上，连接装置诸如已有技术已知的那些装置。根据底层26连接到吸收芯28描述了适当的连接装置。这里使用术语“连接”包含由一元件直接附着在其它元件上因此该元件直接固定在其它元件上的形状，以及借助该元件附着在中间部件上，中间部件依次附着在其它元件上，因此该元件不直接固定到其它元件上的形状。在一个本发明所选实施例中，顶层24和底层26互相之间直接连接到尿布周边上，以及它们不直接连接在一起，其结果是它们被适当连接装置(未示出)连接到吸收芯28上。
顶层24是顺从的，感觉柔软的并且不刺激使用者的皮肤。另外，顶层24透过液体，使液体(如尿)易于透过其厚度。一适当的顶层可由大范围内的材料生产，诸如：多孔泡沫塑料、网状泡沫塑料、带小孔的塑料膜、天然纤维(如木或棉纤维)的纺织的或无纺织的织物。合成纤维(如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)，或者是天然和合成纤维组合物。最好顶层24由疏水材料制成，以使保留在吸收芯28中的液体与使用者的皮肤隔离。已有一些生产技术用来生产顶层24。例如，顶层24可以是：纺粘的、碳化的、湿法成网的、熔喷的、水缠结的(hydroentangled)、上述的组合物的，或类似物的纤维的无纺织物。一个所选顶层是被纤维领域的技术人员公知的碳化和热粘合的。一种所选的顶层包括短纤维长度聚丙烯纤维的织物，如Walpole，Massachusetts的Veratec有限公司(国际造纸公司的一个分部)按照规定第8页生产的。
尿布20最好还包括弹性阻挡层腿部翻边32，以提供改善的液体和其它人体排泄物的保留性能。每个弹性阻挡层腿部翻边32可包括几个不同实施例，用于减少人体排泄物从尿布20的腿部区的泄漏。美国专利4,909,803名称为“具有弹性折翼的可弃的吸收物品”1990年3月20日授予A乙Aziz等人，描述了一可弃物尿布20，其具有“坚立的”弹性折翼(阻挡层腿部翻边32)以改善尿布20的腿部区的保留性能。美国专利4,695,278名称为“具有双翻边的吸收性物品”1987年9月22日授予Lawson，描述了可弃的尿布20具有双翻边，包括衬垫翻边和阻挡层翻边32，这里结合这些专利作为参考，以示出阻挡层腿部翻边32的结构的实例。
在阻挡层腿部翻边32之间横向距离跨接的是竖立的横向间隔38。横向间隔38设置在顶层24的向身体表面上并以从该处向外伸出，以在顶层24的向身体的表面上产生一突变的间断。横向间隔38阻止在尿布20后部的保留的粪便纵向流到尿布20的前部。最好，竖立的间隔38连接阻挡层腿部翻边32，形成一H形状。如图所示出的，最好横向间隔38大体上是直的、直线性的、横向的和最好平行于尿布20的横向轴T-T。如果需要，横向间隔38甚至可以与尿布20的横向轴T-T重合。
参考图2，横向间隔38有一邻近边缘，其最好连接到顶层24上，并且特别是连接到向身体侧的表面上，这是由已公知的技术用粘合剂或其它连接方式实现的。横向间隔38从顶层24的平面按Z方向的一矢量向外伸出到一远边缘。
重要的是横向间隔38在顶层24的平面上竖立和立起，以形成一足够有效高度H，以便呈现一突变的间断，当尿布被使用时，间隔38阻止粪便的纵向流动。当确定横向间隔38的有效高度H时，应当认识到，如果顶层24具有折皱、多皱性、卷曲、或其它平面的偏差，这些因素应考虑到设置横向间隔38的位置的因素之中。否则，在顶层24上的这种平面偏差可能减小在顶层24上的间隔38的远边缘的有效高度H，并且不能完全地阻止排泄物的流动。
这里使用“有效高度”是指从横向间隔38的近边到远边的Z向距离。横向间隔38较好的是在顶层24的向体侧表面上具有至少1.5厘米的有效高度H，H为2.5厘米更好，最好是H至少约为3.5厘米。
如图3所示，横向间隔38最好不垂直于顶层24的平面，而代之以成角度关系的设置间隔38，使竖起的横向间隔38的远端朝向尿布20的后部和后腰边缘33。这种结构的优点是粪便的压力帮助横向间隔38密封住使用者的身体，减少了排泄物越过横向间隔38的泄漏。这种结构还减少了保持横向间隔38接触使用者身体的垂直力。
横向间隔38可以用透水材料制造，但最好是用不透水材料制造，不透水材料阻止(或减少其数量)流动的排泄物到达使用者的生殖器，无纺材料(诸如用来形成阻挡层翻边32的)已被发现特别适用于横向间隔38。用于横向间隔38的其它适用的材料包括泡沫塑料形成的薄膜，等等。如果需要，小的分散的(stryofoam)粗节纱可以放在不透水材料的罩壳内，以形成横向间隔38。这种结构提供一间隔，其与使用者特别是女性腿部之间的沟相一致，并使横向间隔塞入该沟中。这种横向间隔38塞入使用者的沟中(其典型的是腹股沟的延续)减少了越过横向间隔38的流动通道，通过该通道粪便可流到尿布20的前部。
如果需要，一横向线性弹性绳可放到横向间隔38的远边，以提供横向收缩。另外，一个泡沫塑料的帽39可放在横向间隔38的远端。以增加使用者的舒适性。如图所示，泡沫塑料帽39可横向弹性的延伸。
比较图1-2的实施例，其具有一弹性延伸的横向间隔38，并由此在阻挡层腿部翻边32上施加很小的横向变形，横向间隔38可以逐渐地成为非弹性的并且横向缩小尿布20的裆部35，如图4所示。这种横向间隔38可由连接尿布20的边，特别是阻挡层腿部翻边32一起形成，以使尿布20的裆部35从顶层24的平面上竖起，以防止突发的间断。这种结构的优点是，具有相对窄的裆部35并且不需单独元件形成横向间隔38，增强了使用者的舒适性，
另外，由于缩小芯部28形成的多皱性，一些粪便可泄漏进入尿布20的前部，即，这种多皱性起到安全阀的作用，以阻止粪便漏出后腰部边缘。如果需要减少这些多皱性，顶层24将不连接到芯28上，以使顶层24插在阻挡层腿部翻边32之间实现连接。
很明显，对本专业的技术人员来讲其它的变化和布置是可行的并且在本发明的权利要求范围之内。例如，横向不需要必须是直线的，但可是曲线的。一般地，如果选择曲线的横向间隔38，其应凹向尿布20的后部33，弹性绳可以垂直方向或者从横向间隔38的近边的中心径向向外布置的扇形放到横向间隔38上。横向间隔38可小间隙并列于阻挡层腿部翻边32，以便在更换尿布20的负荷很大的情况下，允许粪便从尿布20的后部流到尿布20的前部。这种间隙提供了安全阀，以使粪便免于冲破尿布20的周边。所有这种变化都在权利要求的范围之内。
尿布20最好通过固定到腰部31或33之一以下述方式带到使用者身上；最好是第二腰部33(典型的其有紧固装置36)固定到使用者的背面，并且将尿布20的其余部分在使用者两腿之间拉过，以使另一腰部31，最好是第一腰部31越过使用者的前面而固定。然后紧固装置的带的垂片从松开部松开。然后尿布使用者绕身体围上弹性侧翼片，而仍将抓住垂片部分。在这一操作中，弹性侧翼片将典型地被延伸和拉长以适应使用者的尺寸和形状。紧固装置36固定到尿布20的外表面，以达到侧面的密封。

Claims (9)

1.一种可弃的吸收性物品(20)，具有一纵向轴线(L)和一垂直于纵向轴线的横向轴线(T)，所述可弃的吸收性物品(20)包括：
一可透过液体的顶层(24)，其具有一向外的向身体侧的表面和一与之相对的向芯部的表面；
一不透液体的底层(26)，其至少局部地在周边上连接到所述顶层(24)上；
一吸收芯(28)位于所述顶层(24)与所述底层(26)之间；
其特征是：可弃的吸收性物品包括一顺从的非回弹的横向间隔(38)，设置在所述顶层(24)的向身体侧的表面上并且向外延伸，其有一至少为1.5厘米的有效高度，横向间隔(38)将可弃的吸收性物品(20)分成一个前部和一个后部，从而保留在可弃吸收性物品(20)后部的粪便被阻止流到可弃吸收性物品(20)的前部。
2.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是，两个纵向的阻挡层腿部翻边(32)从顶层(24)的平面竖起，直接连结所述阻挡层腿部翻边形成横向间隔(38)。
3.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是所述横向间隔(38)在横向弹性延伸。
4.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是，所述横向间隔(38)基本上是不透液体的。
5.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是，所述横向间隔(38)有一近边缘连接到顶层(24)上，并且从此向外延伸到一远边缘，远边缘相对于近边缘成角度的朝向可弃吸收性物品(20)的后部。
6.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是具有一前腰带、一后腰带和一个在前腰带与后腰带中间的裆部，所述横向间隔(38)横向缩小所述可弃的吸收性物品(20)的所述裆部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是所述横向间隔(38)基本上是非弹性的。
8.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品，其特征是，所述横向间隔(38)有一近边缘连接到顶层(24)上并且以此向外延伸到一远边缘，所述可弃吸收性物品(20)还包括在横向间隔的远边缘上的一个泡沫塑料帽。
9.根据权利要求1的可弃吸收性物品(20)，其特征是，横向间隔(38)有一至少为3.5厘米的有效高度。
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