CN105722537A - 用于阀的智能致动器 - Google Patents
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
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- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/04—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a motor
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
- F16K37/0075—For recording or indicating the functioning of a valve in combination with test equipment
- F16K37/0083—For recording or indicating the functioning of a valve in combination with test equipment by measuring valve parameters
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- G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
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- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/22—Valves or arrangement of valves
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
- A61M2205/128—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit with incorporated valves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/332—Force measuring means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7758—Pilot or servo controlled
- Y10T137/7761—Electrically actuated valve
Abstract
一种用于监测和控制歧管薄膜类型的阀的打开和关闭状态的系统和方法，包括使用具有反馈控制的致动器机构。位于致动器机构的接触端上的压力传感器和/或测力计监测施加到致动器机构的端部的压力和/或力。控制器基于监测的压力和/或力而指示致动器机构向前或向后移动一端合适的距离。系统中的温度和压力变化以及薄膜的材料变化立即地被感测，并且定位校正实时地应用到致动器，从而在单独监测压力的同时维持相同的阀状态。线性的致动器用作“智能”致动器，其能够精细地调整而无需额外的外部监测，并且提供了在动态环境中关闭阀的更精确和可靠的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种用于流体通路中的阀。更特别地，本发明涉及一种用于阀的致动器机构，其具有由位于致动器的接触端上的测力计和/或压力传感器(transducer)提供的反馈控制。
背景技术
用于流体通路中的阀典型地具有打开状态和关闭状态，其通过使得线性的致动器朝向膜或隔膜延伸且压靠该膜或隔膜而实现。相应地，隔膜推到流体路径中的孔口中。致动器持续地将隔膜推到孔口中，直到隔膜接触相反于致动器的阀座，从而封闭流体流动并且关闭阀。相反的过程，即将致动器远离隔膜移动、且从而将隔膜从抵靠阀座压缩的状态释放，将孔口打开，并且允许流体流动。该现象的致动器典型地通过由控制器操作的步进电机和/或直流电机而驱动。该系统优选地为轻重量的，并且消耗最少的功率，使得其理想地用于多种应用中。该系统可与任何结构中的孔口结合使用。特别地，孔口可以是任意的孔、开口、空隙或任意材料类型中的分隔区。这包括在管、歧管、一次性歧管、通道中的路径和其他的路径。
用于进行血液透析、血液透析过滤或血液滤过的血液净化系统，涉及血液通过具有半透膜的交换器的体外流通。这种系统进一步包括用于流通血液的液力系统和用于流通替换液体或透析液体的液力系统，其中替换液体或透析液体包括浓度接近于健康对象的某些血液电解质的那些电解质。流体通路中的流动通过位于流体流动路径中的阀而控制。这些流体路径的示例包括在申请于2011年2月8日、标题为“便携式透析机”(“PortableDialysisMachine”)、转让给本发明的申请人的美国专利申请号13/023,490中所公开的方案，该专利全文引用于此作为参考。
该阀通过在流动控制点处使用弹性膜而实现在歧管中，该流动控制点根据需要而选择性地被从歧管机延伸的凸起、销或其他构件而封闭。在一些透析机中，流体封闭通过使用安全、低能耗的磁阀而实现。当前的阀系统经常使用传感器，优选地光传感器，以确定阀的状态(打开或关闭)。
虽然光传感器对于确定阀的打开或关闭状态以及柱塞的位置是有用的，但是现有技术缺乏用于控制阀系统中的阀中的变化的一致的和可靠的机构。当前的系统不包括这样的装置，其用于确定在何处或何时在关闭阀过程中精确地停止推靠隔膜(或膜)、何时增大对隔膜的压力以保持阀关闭、或合适减小到隔膜的压力(其经由流体通路中的真空动作而被拉拽)。例如，随着时间，由于暴露到系统中的消毒方法、温度暴露、反复应变和压力波动中，隔膜受到结构上的变化。典型地，隔膜材料变软且变薄。当这些变化发生时，将致动器移动到相同的位置导致流体流动的不完全的关闭。致动器必须被进一步地推进到隔膜中以获得同等水平的阀关闭。
通过控制器操作的、由步进电机和/或直流电机驱动的线性驱动器可用于提供致动器位置的增量变化。然而，这些机构都不能实现通过压力或力传感的致动器位置的反馈控制。因此，所需的是一种用于歧管膜/隔膜类型的阀的致动器机构，其允许基于由位于致动器的接触端的传感器提供的反馈而控制致动器的定位。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种适合于打开和关闭阀的阀致动器系统，包括孔口关闭构件，其定位在歧管中并且邻近在透析系统中流体流动通过的流体路径，所述阀致动器机构包括：位移构件，其适合于线性地移位并且具有接触端，其中当所述阀处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端定位为靠近所述孔口关闭构件；电机，用于移动所述位移构件；至少一个压力传感器(sensor)，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测产生的压力、以及用于传递基于所感测的压力的数据；以及控制器，用于从至少一个压力传感器接收感测的压力，其中所述控制器包括存储器，该存储器在其中存储多个编程指令，当该多个编程指令被处理单元执行时，其将所感测的压力与存储在所述存储器中的预定值比较、并且激活所述电机以将所述位移构件朝向或远离所述孔口关闭构件移动以最优地将接触端抵靠所述孔口关闭构件定位。
本发明还公开了一种适合于打开和关闭阀的阀致动器系统，包括孔口关闭构件，其定位在歧管中并且邻近在透析系统中流体流动通过的流体路径，所述阀致动器机构包括：位移构件，其适合于线性地移位并且具有接触端，其中当所述阀处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端定位为靠近所述孔口关闭构件；电机，用于移动所述位移构件；至少一个力传感器，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测产生的力、以及用于传递基于所感测的力的数据；以及控制器，用于从至少一个力传感器接收感测的力，其中所述控制器包括存储器，该存储器在其中存储多个编程指令，当该多个编程指令被处理单元执行时，其将所感测的力与存储在所述存储器中的预定值比较、并且激活所述电机以将所述位移构件朝向或远离所述孔口关闭构件移动以最优地将接触端抵靠所述孔口关闭构件定位。
本发明还公开了一种适合于打开和关闭阀的阀致动器系统，包括孔口关闭构件，其定位在歧管中并且邻近在透析系统中流体流动通过的流体路径，所述阀致动器机构包括：位移构件，其适合于线性地移位并且具有接触端，其中当所述阀处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端定位为靠近所述孔口关闭构件；电机，用于移动所述位移构件；至少一个压力传感器，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测产生的压力、以及用于传递基于所感测的压力的数据；至少一个测力计，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测产生的力、以及用于传递基于所感测的力的数据；以及控制器，用于从至少一个压力传感器接收感测的压力以及从至少一个测力计接收感测的力，其中所述控制器包括存储器，该存储器在其中存储多个编程指令，当该多个编程指令被处理单元执行时，其将所感测的压力与存储在所述存储器中的预定的压力值比较、以及将所感测的力与存储在所述存储器中的预定的力值比较、并且激活所述电机以将所述位移构件朝向或远离所述孔口关闭构件移动以最优地将接触端抵靠所述孔口关闭构件定位。
在多个实施例中，上述致动器系统的任一个的电机包括步进电机。在其他多个实施例中，上述致动器系统的任一个的电机包括直流电机。
在多个实施例中，上述致动器系统的任一个还包括编码器，用于确定所述位移构件的移动的量。
在多个实施例中，上述致动器系统的任一个用于透析机中。在多个实施例中，当用于透析机中，所述阀致动器系统的控制器编程为将感测的压力维持为至少2psi。在多个实施例中，当用于透析机中，所述阀致动器系统的控制器编程为将感测的力维持为至少5磅力(lbF)。
本发明还公开了一种控制流体通路的阀状态的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：提供阀部件，该阀部件具有打开状态和关闭状态、并且包括控制器和孔口关闭构件，该孔口关闭构件邻近流体可流动通过的孔口；提供致动器机构，该致动器机构包括：位移构件，具有接触端，其中当所述阀部件处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端邻近所述孔口关闭构件；电机，在所述位移构件上施加线性力，以抵靠所述孔口关闭构件移动所述位移构件的所述接触端、并且使得所述孔口关闭构件关闭所述孔口；以及至少一个传感器，位于所述接触端上，用于感测由所述孔口关闭构件施加到所述位移构件的所述接触端的参数；激活所述控制器，以指示所述致动器机构将所述位移构件朝向且抵靠所述孔口关闭构件移动，使得所述位移构件将所述孔口关闭构件推到所述孔口中；使用所述传感器，感测由所述孔口关闭构件抵靠所述位移构件的接触端而施加的至少一个参数；将关于所感测参数的数据从所述传感器传递至所述控制器；将所述数据与存储在所述控制器中的预定值比较，其中所述控制器包括处理单元和存储器，该存储器在其中存储由多个编程指令和所述预定值；以及激活所述比较执行所述编程指令，以激活所述致动器机构，以将所述位移构件进一步朝向或远离所述开口关闭构件移动，使得所述开口基本上关闭，从而维持关闭力。
在一个实施例中，所述至少一个传感器包括压力传感器，并且所述至少一个参数包括压力。在另一个实施例中，所述至少一个传感器包括测力计，并且所述至少一个参数包括力。在又一个实施例中，所述至少一个传感器包括压力传感器和测力计，并且所述至少一个参数包括压力和力。
在一个实施例中，该方法还包括一步骤，即在所述阀处于所述打开位置中时所述位移构件的接触端靠近所述开口关闭构件时、且在激活所述控制器之前，感测所述至少一个参数，以将所述位移构件朝向且抵靠所述开口关闭构件移动。
本发明的前述和其他的实施例将在附图和下文中的详细说明书中更深程度地被描述。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其他特征和优势将被进一步地被理解，因为当结合附图考虑且参考详细的说明书时本发明的特征和优势将更好地被理解。
图1A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构和流体通路的打开的阀，该致动器机构包括压力传感器；
图1B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构和流体通路的关闭的阀，该致动器机构包括压力传感器；
图2A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构和流体通路的打开的阀，该致动器机构包括测力计；
图2B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构和流体通路的关闭的阀，该致动器机构包括测力计；
图3A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构和流体通路的打开的阀，该致动器机构包括压力传感器和测力计；
图3B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构和流体通路的关闭的阀，该致动器机构包括压力传感器和测力计；
图4A示出了使用参考图1A和1B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀关闭状态所涉及步骤的流程图；
图4B示出了使用参考图1A和1B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀打开状态所涉及步骤的流程图；
图5A示出了使用参考图2A和2B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀关闭状态所涉及步骤的流程图；
图5B示出了使用参考图2A和2B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀打开状态所涉及步骤的流程图；
图6A示出了使用参考图3A和3B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器和测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀关闭状态所涉及步骤的流程图；以及
图6B示出了使用参考图3A和3B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器和测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀打开状态所涉及步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种基于由位于致动器的接触端上的压力传感器和/或测力计提供的反馈而控制用于流体通路的隔膜型阀的致动器位置的系统和方法。在多个实施例中，当控制信号和/或电压信号被施加到线性致动器以使得该致动器移动靠近阀时，压力传感器或测力计感测来自于隔膜的表面的反馈压力或相反的作用力。感测的压力或力经由固件而传递至控制器，该控制器接着指示致动器向前或向后移动一段合适的距离以维持恒定的压力或力。这样，系统中的温度和压力变化以及薄膜的材料变化立即地被感测，并且定位校正实时地应用到致动器，从而维持相同的阀状态。此外，由于隔膜暴露在消毒方法中而导致的变化在操作期间也被考虑在内。线性的致动器用作“智能”致动器，其能够精细地调整而无需额外的外部监测，并且提供了关闭阀的更精确和可靠的方法。在多个实施例中，致动器通过持续地监测在其接触端处的压力和/或力而适应流体的流速、流动、温度、压力和力的变化。
致动器被编程为前进且接合流体通路的阀的膜或隔膜。当致动器前进时，其将隔膜推到阀的孔口中直到隔膜与阀座物理接触，从而密封孔口且关闭阀。致动器包括与隔膜物理接触到的接触端，并且在一个实施例中包括在接触端上的压力传感器。
在隔膜经由压力传感器的初始接合时，产生到控制器的电压信号输入(反馈)。该反馈(正电压类型或电压上升)告知控制器致动器已经位于隔膜上。控制器然后经由固件控制致动器反转方向直到0伏特的点(未接触)反馈至控制器。这将压力传感器置于最优的感测位置，因为致动器被延伸直到实现接触(正电压)，且随后逐渐地缩回使得没有正电压偏离被发送至控制器。因此，控制器固件无需对该偏离电压取反。
当控制器接合致动器以关闭隔膜所遮盖的阀端口时，致动器线性地推靠隔膜，直到隔膜接合端口/阀孔口，从而切断任何流体流动。在关闭阀的接合过程中，正电压从压力传感器升高到已知的关闭值(实验得到的预定值)以关闭该阀。如果，在操作的过程中，隔膜由于温度变化或其他影响而起始地为薄的或软的，压力传感器将在致动器的接触端处感测到压力的下降。该压力下降将被转化为正电压的下降，其将被传递至控制器。控制器将随后指示致动器进一步地延伸直到电压值再次匹配已知的关闭值，这表示弱化的隔膜已经被进一步推进到阀座上以确保完全的阀关闭。当控制器接合致动器以打开隔膜所遮盖的阀端口，致动器在相反方向上线性地移动(从隔膜向后移动)直到隔膜从端口/阀孔口释放，从而允许流体流动通过隔膜和阀端口之间的空间。当隔膜移动远离阀端口时，感测的压力将下降，这表示阀以及回复到打开状态。
在多个实施例中，控制器可完全地在硬件中执行或在存储在存储器中的软件中执行，存储器可以是在阀致动器机构本地或远离阀致动器机构。控制器步骤通过处理器执行存储在所述存储器中的软件而实现，其中所述存储器包括多个编程指令。处理器从压力传感器接收数据，并且基于将所述数据与预定的压力值的比较，而执行存储在存储器中的软件，以将阀维持在关闭状态。处理器能够经由用户界面而接收来自于用户的命令，以打开或关闭阀。在一个实施例中，控制器是基于软件的控制器，其通过完全位于控制器单元或透析机中的通用处理器而执行。
在另一实施例中，致动器包括在接触面上的测力计。在隔膜经由测力计的初始接合时，产生到控制器的电压信号输入(反馈)。该反馈(正电压类型或电压上升)告知控制器致动器已经位于隔膜上。控制器然后经由固件控制致动器反转方向直到0伏特的点(未接触)反馈至控制器。这将测力计置于最优的感测位置，无需将正电压偏离发送至控制器。控制器固件无需对该偏离电压取反。
当控制器接合致动器以关闭隔膜所遮盖的阀端口时，致动器线性地推靠隔膜，直到隔膜接合端口/阀孔口，从而切断任何流体流动。在关闭阀的接合过程中，正电压从测力计升高到已知的关闭值(实验得到的预定值)以关闭该阀。如果，在操作的过程中，隔膜由于温度变化或其他影响而起始地为薄的或软的，测力计将在致动器的接触端处感测到力的下降。该力的下降将被转化为正电压的下降，其将被传递至控制器。控制器将随后指示致动器进一步地延伸直到电压值再次匹配已知的关闭值，这表示弱化的隔膜已经被进一步推进到阀座上以确保完全的阀关闭。当控制器接合致动器以打开隔膜所遮盖的阀端口，致动器在相反方向上线性地移动(从隔膜向后移动)直到隔膜从端口/阀孔口释放，从而允许流体流动通过隔膜和阀端口之间的空间。当隔膜移动远离阀端口时，感测的力将下降，这表示阀以及回复到打开状态。
在多个实施例中，控制器可完全地在硬件中执行或在存储在存储器中的软件中执行，存储器可以是在阀致动器机构本地或远离阀致动器机构。控制器步骤通过处理器执行存储在所述存储器中的软件而实现，其中所述存储器包括多个编程指令。处理器从测力计接收数据，并且基于将所述数据与预定的力的值的比较，而执行存储在存储器中的软件，以将阀维持在关闭状态。处理器能够经由用户界面而接收来自于用户的命令，以打开或关闭阀。在一个实施例中，控制器是基于软件的控制器，其通过完全位于控制器单元或透析机中的通用处理器而执行。
在另一实施例中，致动器包括在接触面上的压力传感器和测力计两者。在隔膜经由压力传感器和测力计的初始接合时，所述压力传感器和测力计两者都发送电压信号输入(反馈)至控制器。该反馈(正电压类型或电压上升)告知控制器致动器已经位于隔膜上。在该点，控制器然后经由固件控制致动器反转方向直到0伏特的点(未接触)反馈至控制器。控制器固件无需对该偏离电压取反。这将压力传感器和测力计置于最优的感测位置，无需将正电压偏离发送至控制器。
当控制器接合致动器以关闭隔膜所遮盖的阀端口时，致动器线性地推靠隔膜，直到隔膜接合端口/阀孔口，从而切断任何流体流动。在关闭阀的接合过程中，正电压从压力传感器和测力计升高到已知的关闭值(实验得到的预定值)以关闭该阀。如果，在操作的过程中，隔膜由于温度变化或其他影响而起始地为薄的或软的，在致动器的接触端处，压力传感器将感测到压力的下降、且测力计将感测到力的下降。该压力和力的下降将被转化为正电压的下降，其将被传递至控制器。控制器将随后指示致动器进一步地延伸直到电压值再次匹配已知的关闭值，这表示弱化的隔膜已经被进一步推进到阀座上以确保完全的阀关闭。当控制器接合致动器以打开隔膜所遮盖的阀端口，致动器在相反方向上线性地移动(从隔膜向后移动)直到隔膜从端口/阀孔口释放，从而允许流体流动通过隔膜和阀端口之间的空间。当隔膜移动远离阀端口时，感测的压力和力将下降，这表示阀以及回复到打开状态。
在多个实施例中，控制器可完全地在硬件中执行或在存储在存储器中的软件中执行，存储器可以是在阀致动器机构本地或远离阀致动器机构。控制器步骤通过处理器执行存储在所述存储器中的软件而实现，其中所述存储器包括多个编程指令。处理器从压力传感器和测力计接收数据，并且基于将所述数据与预定的压力和力的值的比较，而执行存储在存储器中的软件，以将阀维持在关闭状态。处理器能够经由用户界面而接收来自于用户的命令，以打开或关闭阀。在一个实施例中，控制器是基于软件的控制器，其通过完全位于控制器单元或透析机中的通用处理器而执行。
在阀完全关闭时，压力传感器可监测接合压力传感器的表面的流体压力，而测力计可监测由于温度的可能变化、流体密度变化、和/或媒介密度变化而导致的保持阀关闭所需的力，从而维持如测力计所感测的恒定的压力。在该位置或操作模式中，压力传感器可单独地监测孔口的正压或负压。
在多个实施例中，该压力和/或力感测可以是连续的或以特定的时间间隔和/或增量阶段而进行。例如，压力和/或力可每1毫秒、每1秒、每30秒、每1分钟、每5分钟、每30分钟、每1小时或以任意的时间间隔而被感测。此外，在多个实施例中，压力和/或力可以特定的时间间隔而进行感测，直到感测的压力和/或力的值与预定的阈值相交，在这之后感测转换为连续的。例如，当基于间隔的压力或力感测而怀疑隔膜弱化时，系统可转换为连续感测，以监测可能失效的隔膜，以确保正确的阀的功能。
在多个实施例中，可以基于最终压力和/或力状态相对于任意先前感测的压力和/或力的值的归一化而确定确保正确的阀功能的最优压力和/或力的水平。
本发明公开了多个实施例。提供下列的公开内容以使得具有本领域常规知识的人能够实践本发明。说明书中使用的语言不应被解释为任一特定实施例的通用否认，并且不应被用于限制权利要求超过文中所使用的术语的含义。文中限定的通用原理可应用到其他实施例和应用中，而没有偏离本发明的精神和范围。并且，使用的术语和用语仅用于描述示例性实施例的目的，并且不应被认为是限制。因此，本发明是根据包含与公开的特征和原理相一致的大量替代方式、变型和等同物的最宽的范围。为了清楚的目的，涉及关于本发明的技术领域已知的技术材料的细节将不被详细地描述，从而将不会不必要地使本发明难以理解。
在多个实施例中，本发明的具有反馈控制系统的致动器机构包括线性致动器，其由通过控制器操作的步进电机和/或直流电机驱动，其中，该反馈是通过位于致动器的接触端上的压力传感器和/或测力计而提供的。该系统是轻重量的，并且消耗最少的功率，使得其理想地用于多种应用中。该系统可与任何结构中的孔口结合使用。特别地，孔口可以是任意的孔、开口、空隙或任意材料类型中的分隔区。这包括在管、歧管、一次性歧管、通道中的路径和其他的路径。
图1A和1B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构10、和流体通路的分别的打开的阀和关闭的阀，该致动器机构包括压力传感器114。同时参考图1A和1B两者，每个致动器机构110包括编码器111、步进或直流线性致动器电机112、致动器柱塞113、致动器机构本体128、压力传感器114和压力传感器保持件115。信号线117将压力传感器114连接到控制器(未示出)。功率和信号线119将电机112连接到控制器。编码器111用于通知系统致动器机构正在移动。
参考图1A，致动器(在该实施例中为压力传感器114)处于其在机器系统的前板130中的“本地”位置。压力传感器114用作包含在通路(在该实施例中，机器系统的前板130)中的线性构件，压力传感器通过其轴向地延伸。具体地，当致动器处于其“本地”位置时，致动器机构110的压力传感器114停靠嵌入在机器系统的前板130中，诸如在一个实施例中，前板130是透析系统壳体的一部分。在一个实施例中，当致动器处于“本地”位置时，压力传感器114停靠在前板130中，使得压力传感器114的接触端114’相对于致动器机构110定位为紧靠前板130的外表面130’。换句话说，当致动器处于“本地”位置时，压力传感器114的接触端114’略微地凹入到前板130中。压力传感器114通过电机112的激活和致动器柱塞113和压力传感器保持件115的线性移动而在前板130中线性可移动。压力传感器114可相对于致动器机构110向前移动，使得其接触端114’延伸超过前板130的外表面130’。流体路径150定位为靠近或邻近前板130。隔膜118定位在流体通路150的外壁150’中。在一个实施例中，流体通路150的外壁150’定位为靠近且邻近前板130的外表面130’，使得隔膜118靠近致动器机构110的压力传感器114并且与其线性对齐。由于致动器机构110处于“本地”状态，隔膜118是平的并且不与压力传感器114接触，并且阀处于打开状态。在流体通路150中，在阀161中，间隙158存在于隔膜118和阀座155之间，允许流体流动通过。
在一个实施例中，参考图1A，致动器机构110的部件以下列构造布置。如上所述，在一个实施例中，压力传感器114用作致动器。压力传感器114、压力传感器保持件115、和致动器柱塞113作为一个单元经由电机112的操作而线性地可移动，并且轴向地延伸通过致动器机构110。通过将流体通路150的外壁150’的隔膜118用作参考点，编码器111包括致动器机构110的远端点。在一个实施例中，致动器柱塞113的一部分从编码器111的远端向远处延伸。在操作中，当电机112将致动器柱塞113朝向隔膜118移动时，柱塞113从编码器111的远端延伸的部分靠近地延伸通过所述编码器111。
电机112位于编码器111附近并且在更靠近隔膜118的位置。柱塞113轴向地延伸通过电机112。致动器机构本体128定位为靠近电机112。致动机构本体128的远端定位为邻近电机112，并且致动器机构128的近端定位为靠近机械系统的前板130。致动器柱塞113的近部延伸通过致动器机构本体128的远部。压力传感器保持件115附接到致动器柱塞113的近端并且容纳在致动器机构本体128中。通过电机112的动作和致动器柱塞113的延伸/缩回，压力传感器保持件115在致动器机构本体128中线性地可移动。压力传感器114附接到压力传感器保持件115的近端。压力传感器114轴向地部分延伸通过致动器机构本体128并且部分地延伸通过前板130。压力传感器114经由电机112的操作和致动器柱塞113和压力传感器保持件115的移动而在前板130和致动器机构本体128的近部中线性可移动。
参考图1B，致动器机构110处于“延伸”位置中并且压力传感器114向前延伸通过机械系统的前板130使得，压力传感器114的接触端114’相对于致动器机构110向远处延伸超过前板130的外表面130’。隔膜118通过与压力传感器114的接触端114’的物理接触已经被推到流体通路150中。根据本发明的多个实施例，基于由压力传感器114提供给控制器的反馈，控制器指示电机112移动致动器柱塞113以延伸压力传感器保持件115和压力传感器114，使得压力传感器114的接触端114’与隔膜118接触并且向前推压隔膜118。隔膜118延伸到流体路径150中，并且与阀座155接触，有效地关闭阀161并切断流体流动。在阀座155处的间隙(如图1A中示出为间隙158)在图1B中已经被闭合。隔膜118和阀座155周围的压力170上升，并且抵靠隔膜118推压。
图2A和2B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构210、和流体通路的分别的打开的阀和关闭的阀，该致动器机构包括测力计220。同时参考图2A和2B两者，每个致动器机构210包括编码器211、步进或直流线性致动器电机212、致动器柱塞213、致动器机构本体228、测力计220和测力计保持件225。信号线216将测力计220连接到控制器(未示出)。功率和信号线219将电机212连接到控制器。编码器211用于通知系统致动器机构正在移动。
参考图2A，致动器(在该实施例中为测力计220)处于其在机器系统的前板230中的“本地”位置。测力计220用作包含在通路(在该实施例中，机器系统的前板230)中的线性构件，压力传感器通过其轴向地延伸。具体地，当致动器处于其“本地”位置时，致动器机构210的测力计220停靠嵌入在机器系统的前板230中，诸如在一个实施例中，前板130是透析系统壳体的一部分。在一个实施例中，当致动器处于“本地”位置时，测力计220停靠在前板230中，使得测力计220的接触端220’相对于致动器机构210定位为紧靠前板230的外表面230’。换句话说，当致动器处于“本地”位置时，测力计220的接触端220’略微地凹入到前板230中。测力计220通过电机212的激活和致动器柱塞213和测力计保持件225的线性移动而在前板230中线性可移动。测力计220可相对于致动器机构210向前移动，使得其接触端220’延伸超过前板230的外表面230’。流体路径250定位为靠近或邻近前板230。隔膜218定位在流体通路250的外壁250’中。在一个实施例中，流体通路250的外壁250’定位为靠近且邻近前板230的外表面230’，使得隔膜218靠近致动器机构210的测力计220并且与其线性对齐。由于致动器机构210处于“本地”状态，隔膜218是平的并且不与测力计220接触，并且阀处于打开状态。在流体通路250中，在阀261中，间隙258存在于隔膜218和阀座255之间，允许流体流动通过。
在一个实施例中，参考图2A，致动器机构210的部件以下列构造布置。如上所述，在一个实施例中，测力计220用作致动器。测力计220、测力计保持件225、和致动器柱塞213作为一个单元经由电机212的操作而线性地可移动，并且轴向地延伸通过致动器机构210。通过将流体通路250的外壁250’的隔膜218用作参考点，编码器211包括致动器机构210的远端点。在一个实施例中，致动器柱塞213的一部分从编码器211的远端向远处延伸。在操作中，当电机212将致动器柱塞213朝向隔膜218移动时，柱塞213从编码器211的远端延伸的部分靠近地延伸通过所述编码器211。电机212位于编码器211附近并且在更靠近隔膜218的位置。柱塞213轴向地延伸通过电机212。致动器机构本体228定位为靠近电机212。致动机构本体228的远端定位为邻近电机212，并且致动器机构228的近端定位为靠近机械系统的前板230。致动器柱塞213的近部延伸通过致动器机构本体228的远部。测力计保持件225附接到致动器柱塞213的近端并且容纳在致动器机构本体228中。通过电机212的动作和致动器柱塞213的延伸/缩回，测力计保持件225在致动器机构本体228中线性地可移动。测力计220附接到测力计保持件225的近端。测力计220轴向地部分延伸通过致动器机构本体228并且部分地延伸通过前板230。测力计220经由电机212的操作和致动器柱塞213和测力计保持件225的移动而在前板230和致动器机构本体228的近部中线性可移动。
参考图2B，致动器机构210处于“延伸”位置中并且测力计220向前延伸通过机械系统的前板230使得，测力计220的接触端220’相对于致动器机构210向远处延伸超过前板230的外表面230’。隔膜218通过与测力计220的接触端220’的物理接触已经被推到流体通路250中。根据本发明的多个实施例，基于由测力计114提供给控制器的反馈，控制器指示电机212移动致动器柱塞213以延伸测力计保持件225和测力计220，使得测力计220的接触端220’与隔膜218接触并且向前推压隔膜118。隔膜218延伸到流体路径250中，并且与阀座255接触，有效地关闭阀261并切断流体流动。在阀座255处的间隙(如图2A中示出为间隙258)在图2B中已经被闭合。隔膜218和阀座255周围的压力270上升，并且抵靠隔膜218推压。
图3A和3B示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的具有反馈控制的致动器机构310、和流体通路的分别的打开的阀和关闭的阀，该致动器机构包括压力传感器314和测力计320。同时参考图3A和3B两者，每个致动器机构310包括编码器311、步进或直流线性致动器电机312、致动器柱塞313、致动器机构本体328、压力传感器314、测力计320和压力传感器/测力计保持件325。第一信号线317将压力传感器314连接到控制器(未示出)。第二信号线316将测力计320连接到控制器。功率和信号线319将电机312连接到控制器。编码器311用于通知系统致动器机构正在移动。
参考图3A，致动器(在该实施例中为压力传感器314和测力计320)处于其在机器系统的前板330中的“本地”位置。压力传感器314和测力计320一起用作包含在通路(在该实施例中，机器系统的前板330)中的线性构件，压力传感器和测力计通过其轴向地延伸。在一个实施例中，压力传感器314和测力计320构造为在前板330中彼此承座。在另一个实施例中，压力传感器314和测力计320构造为在前板330中一个同轴地承座在另一个中。具体地，当致动器处于其“本地”位置时，致动器机构310的压力传感器314和测力计320停靠嵌入在机器系统的前板330中，诸如在一个实施例中，前板130是透析系统壳体的一部分。在一个实施例中，当致动器处于“本地”位置时，压力传感器314和测力计320停靠在前板330中，使得压力传感器314的接触端314’和测力计320的接触端320’相对于致动器机构310定位为紧靠前板330的外表面330’。换句话说，当致动器处于“本地”位置时，压力传感器314的接触端314’和测力计320的接触端320’略微地凹入到前板130中。接触端314’、320’彼此平齐。压力传感器314和测力计320通过电机312的激活和致动器柱塞313和压力传感器/测力计保持件325的线性移动而在前板330中线性可移动。压力传感器314和测力计320可相对于致动器机构310向前移动，使得其接触端314’、320’一起延伸超过前板330的外表面330’。流体路径350定位为靠近或邻近前板330。隔膜318定位在流体通路350的外壁350’中。在一个实施例中，流体通路350的外壁350’定位为靠近且邻近前板330的外表面330’，使得隔膜318靠近致动器机构310的压力传感器314和测力计320并且与其线性对齐。由于致动器机构310处于“本地”状态，隔膜318是平的并且不与压力传感器314或测力计320接触，并且阀处于打开状态。在流体通路350中，在阀361中，间隙358存在于隔膜318和阀座355之间，允许流体流动通过。
在一个实施例中，参考图3A，致动器机构310的部件以下列构造布置。如上所述，在一个实施例中，压力传感器314和测力计320一起用作致动器。压力传感器314和测力计320、压力传感器/测力计保持件325、和致动器柱塞313作为一个单元经由电机312的操作而线性地可移动，并且轴向地延伸通过致动器机构310。通过将流体通路350的外壁350’的隔膜318用作参考点，编码器311包括致动器机构310的远端点。在一个实施例中，致动器柱塞313的一部分从编码器311的远端向远处延伸。在操作中，当电机312将致动器柱塞313朝向隔膜318移动时，柱塞313从编码器311的远端延伸的部分靠近地延伸通过所述编码器311。
电机312位于编码器311附近并且在更靠近隔膜318的位置。柱塞313轴向地延伸通过电机312。致动器机构本体328定位为靠近电机312。致动机构本体328的远端定位为邻近电机312，并且致动器机构328的近端定位为靠近机械系统的前板330。致动器柱塞313的近部延伸通过致动器机构本体328的远部。压力传感器/测力计保持件325附接到致动器柱塞313的近端并且容纳在致动器机构本体328中。通过电机312的动作和致动器柱塞313的延伸/缩回，压力传感器/测力计保持件325在致动器机构本体328中线性地可移动。压力传感器314和测力计320附接到压力传感器/测力计保持件325的近端。压力传感器314和测力计320轴向地部分延伸通过致动器机构本体328并且部分地延伸通过前板330。压力传感器314和测力计320经由电机312的操作和致动器柱塞313和压力传感器/测力计保持件325的移动而在前板330和致动器机构本体328的近部中线性可移动。
参考图3B，致动器机构310处于“延伸”位置中并且压力传感器314和测力计320向前延伸通过机械系统的前板330使得，压力传感器314的接触端314’和测力计320的接触端320’相对于致动器机构310向远处延伸超过前板330的外表面330’。隔膜318通过与压力传感器314的接触端314’和测力计320的接触端320’的物理接触已经被推到流体通路350中。根据本发明的多个实施例，基于由压力传感器314和测力计320提供给控制器的反馈，控制器指示电机312移动致动器柱塞313以延伸压力传感器/测力计保持件314、压力传感器314、和测力计320，使得压力传感器314的接触端314’和测力计320的接触端320’与隔膜318接触并且向前推压隔膜118。隔膜318延伸到流体路径350中，并且与阀座355接触，有效地关闭阀361并切断流体流动。在阀座355处的间隙(如图3A中示出为间隙358)在图3B中已经被闭合。隔膜318和阀座355周围的压力370上升，并且抵靠隔膜318推压。
在上述实施例中，因为隔膜由于温度变化或其他影响而起始地为薄的或软的，在致动器的接触端处，压力传感器将感测到压力的下降、且测力计将感测到力的下降。该压力和/或力的下降将被转化为正电压的下降，其将被传递至控制器。控制器将随后指示致动器进一步地延伸直到电压值再次匹配已知的关闭值，这表示弱化的隔膜已经被进一步推进到阀座上以确保完全的阀关闭。
图4A示出了使用参考图1A和1B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀关闭状态所涉及步骤的流程图。在步骤422，控制器指示致动器机构延伸致动器柱塞，使得在致动器机构的接触端上的压力传感器接合隔膜。可选地，在步骤424，压力传感器感测由隔膜抵靠压力传感器而施加的压力。接着，在步骤426，控制器指示致动器机构通过进一步延伸致动器机构的接触端以将隔膜推到流体通路的流动路径中而关闭阀。在步骤428中，当阀处于关闭状态时，压力传感器随后感测由隔膜抵靠传感器施加的压力。在步骤430，感测的压力被传递给控制器。在步骤432，控制器将感测的压力值与预定的压力值进行比较。在步骤434中，控制器随后指示致动器机构进一步地延伸或缩回致动器柱塞，使得感测的压力匹配预定的压力值，从而保证完全的阀关闭。压力在步骤428持续地被感测，使得可以实时地进行对致动器位置的精细调整，以维持阀处于关闭状态。
图4B示出了使用参考图1A和1B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀打开状态所涉及步骤的流程图。在步骤441，当阀处于关闭状态时，控制器指示致动器机构缩回致动器柱塞，使得隔膜脱离阀座。在步骤443中，压力传感器随后感测由隔膜抵靠传感器施加的压力。在步骤445，感测的压力被传递给控制器。在步骤447，控制器将感测的压力与预定的压力值进行比较。在步骤449中，控制器随后指示致动器机构进一步地缩回致动器柱塞，使得感测的压力与预定的阈值相交，表明已经实现阀的打开状态。可选地，在一个实施例中，在步骤451，控制器指示致动器机构进一步缩回致动器柱塞直到感测的压力到达零，表明压力传感器已经脱离隔膜、隔膜处于松弛配置中、并且阀完全地打开。
图5A示出了使用参考图2A和2B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀关闭状态所涉及步骤的流程图。在步骤522，控制器指示致动器机构延伸致动器柱塞，使得在致动器机构的接触端上的测力计接合隔膜。可选地，在步骤524，测力计感测由隔膜抵靠测力计而施加的力。接着，在步骤526，控制器指示致动器机构通过进一步延伸致动器机构的接触端以将隔膜推到流体通路的流动路径中而关闭阀。在步骤528中，当阀处于关闭状态时，测力计随后感测由隔膜抵靠测力计施加的力。在步骤530，感测的力被传递给控制器。在步骤532，控制器将感测的力与预定的力的值进行比较。在步骤534中，控制器随后指示致动器机构进一步地延伸或缩回致动器柱塞，使得感测的力匹配预定的力的值，从而保证完全的阀关闭。力在步骤528持续地被感测，使得可以实时地进行对致动器位置的精细调整，以维持阀处于关闭状态。
图5B示出了使用参考图2A和2B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀打开状态所涉及步骤的流程图。在步骤541，当阀处于关闭状态时，控制器指示致动器机构缩回致动器柱塞，使得隔膜脱离阀座。在步骤543中，测力计随后感测由隔膜抵靠测力计施加的力。在步骤545，感测的力被传递给控制器。在步骤547，控制器将感测的力与预定的力的值进行比较。在步骤549中，控制器随后指示致动器机构进一步地缩回致动器柱塞，使得感测的力与预定的阈值相交，表明已经实现阀的打开状态。可选地，在一个实施例中，在步骤551，控制器指示致动器机构进一步缩回致动器柱塞直到感测的力到达零，表明测力计已经脱离隔膜、隔膜处于松弛配置中、并且阀完全地打开。
图6B示出了使用参考图3A和3B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器和测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀闭合状态所涉及步骤的流程图。在步骤622，控制器指示致动器机构延伸致动器柱塞，使得在致动器机构的接触端上的压力传感器和测力计接合隔膜。可选地，在步骤624，压力传感器感测由隔膜抵靠压力传感器施加的压力，并且测力计感测由隔膜抵靠测力计施加的力。接着，在步骤626，控制器指示致动器机构通过进一步延伸致动器机构的接触端以将隔膜推到流体通路的流动路径中而关闭阀。在步骤628中，当阀处于关闭状态时，压力传感器随后感测由隔膜抵靠传感器施加的压力，并且，测力计随后感测由隔膜抵靠测力计施加的力。在步骤630，感测的压力和感测的力被传递给控制器。在步骤632，控制器将感测的压力值与预定的压力值比较，并且将感测的力的值与预定的力的值比较。在步骤634中，控制器随后指示致动器机构进一步地延伸或缩回致动器柱塞，使得感测的压力匹配预定的压力值并且感测的力匹配预定的力的值，从而保证完全的阀关闭。压力和力在步骤628持续地被感测，使得可以实时地进行对致动器位置的精细调整，以维持阀处于关闭状态。
图6B示出了使用参考图3A和3B描述的、具有反馈控制且包括压力传感器和测力计的致动器机构来实现流体通路的阀打开状态所涉及步骤的流程图。在步骤641，当阀处于关闭状态时，控制器指示致动器机构缩回致动器柱塞，使得隔膜脱离阀座。在步骤643中，压力传感器和测力计随后感测分别由隔膜抵靠传感器施加的压力和力。在步骤645，感测的压力和力被传递给控制器。在步骤647，控制器将感测的压力值和感测的力的值与预定的压力和力的值进行比较。在步骤649中，控制器随后指示致动器机构进一步地缩回致动器柱塞，使得感测的压力和力与预定的阈值相交，表明已经实现阀的打开状态。可选地，在一个实施例中，在步骤651，控制器指示致动器机构进一步缩回致动器柱塞直到感测的压力和感测的力都到达零，表明压力传感器和测力计已经脱离隔膜、隔膜处于松弛配置中、并且阀完全地打开。
如上文所讨论的，本发明的致动器结构可用于多种应用中，其具有在流体通路中的隔膜或膜类型的阀。在多种实施例中，取决于具体的应用，致动器机构可被构造为移动致动器以将压力或力维持在分别由压力传感器或测力计感测的任意值处或任意的范围内，以将阀保持关闭。
例如，在一个实施例中，本发明的致动器机构可用于便携式肾透析系统中，其具有用于流体通路的一次性歧管。本领域的技术人员将理解的是，具有反馈控制系统的致动器机构可以通过将致动器在预期的阀位置处定位在歧管外部而实现有一次性的歧管。这种类型的致动器也是从一次性歧管分离且单独的，并且通常是该肾透析系统的非一次性部分的一部分。阀系统通过在流动控制点处使用弹性膜而实现在一次性类型的歧管中，该流动控制点根据需要而选择性地被从歧管机延伸的凸起、销或其他构件而封闭。在多个实施例中，流体的封闭通过使用由控制器控制的开/关直流电机、步进电机，或安全、低能耗的磁阀。在一个实施例中，阀系统类似于在申请于2011年2月8日、转让给本发明的申请人、标题为“便携式透析机”(“PortableDialysisMachine”)的美国专利申请号13/023,490中公开的系统，该申请的全文引用于此作为参考。在另一个实施例中，阀系统类似于在申请于2012年12月24日、转让给本发明的申请人、标题为“具有改进的贮液器加热系统的便携式透析机”(“PortableDialysisMachinewithImprovedReservoirHeatingSystem”)的美国专利申请号13/726,457中公开的系统，该申请的全文引用于此作为参考。在一个实施例中，如本发明所公开的具有压力传感器的阀致动器机构用于透析机中以维持感测的压力为至少2psi，确保阀关闭。在另一个实施例中，如本发明所公开的具有测力计的阀致动器机构用于透析机中以维持感测的力为至少5磅力(lbF)，确保阀关闭。在又一个实施例中，如本发明所公开的具有压力传感器和测力计两者的阀致动器机构用于透析机中以维持感测的压力为至少2psi且感测的力为至少5磅力(lbF)，确保阀关闭。
在一个实施例中，用作阀的隔膜类似于在上述’490专利中所描述的那些。在另一个实施例中，用作阀的隔膜类似于在申请于2013年3月28日、转让给本发明的申请人、标题为“歧管隔膜”(“ManifoldDiaphragms”)的美国专利申请号13/852,918中公开的隔膜，该申请的全文引用于此作为参考。
总的来说，本发明的具有反馈控制的致动器机构可用于肾透析系统中的阀，其具有下列特性：a)两个稳定状态，打开和关闭，b)改变状态需要能量输入，c)维持状态无需能量输入，d)状态通过使用电子力来改变位移构件的位置而变化，当位移构件的位置改变时导致阀打开或者关闭。
上述示例仅仅是本发明的系统的多种应用的示意。虽然文中仅描述了本发明的一些实施例，但是应当理解的是，本发明可以被实施为很多其他特定的形式，而不偏离本发明的范围或精神。因此，本文中的示例和实施例被认为是示意性地而非限制性的，并且本发明可在随附权利要求的范围内修改。
Claims (19)
1.一种适合于打开和关闭一阀的阀致动器系统，所述阀致动系统包括孔口关闭构件，所述孔口关闭构件定位在歧管中、并且邻近在透析系统中流体流动通过的流体路径，所述阀致动器机构包括：
位移构件，其适合于线性地移位、并且具有接触端，其中当所述阀处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端定位为靠近所述孔口关闭构件；
电机，其用于移动所述位移构件；
至少一个压力传感器，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测所产生的压力、以及用于传递基于所感测的压力的数据；以及
控制器，其用于从至少一个压力传感器接收所感测的压力，其中所述控制器包括存储器，所述存储器在其中存储多个编程指令，当所述多个编程指令被处理单元执行时，其将所感测的压力与存储在所述存储器中的预定值比较、并且激活所述电机以将所述位移构件朝向或远离所述孔口关闭构件移动，从而将所述接触端抵靠所述孔口关闭构件最优地定位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述电机包括步进电机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述电机包括直流电机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阀致动器系统，进一步包括：编码器，其用于确定所述位移构件的移动的量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阀致动器系统，其用于透析机中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述控制器编程为将所感测的压力维持为至少2psi。
7.一种适合于打开和关闭一阀的阀致动器系统，所述阀致动器系统包括孔口关闭构件，所述孔口关闭构件定位在歧管中、并且邻近在透析系统中流体流动通过的流体路径，所述阀致动器机构包括：
位移构件，其适合于线性地移位、并且具有接触端，其中当所述阀处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端定位为靠近所述孔口关闭构件；
电机，其用于移动所述位移构件；
至少一个力传感器，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测所产生的力、以及用于传递基于所感测的力的数据；以及
控制器，其用于从至少一个力传感器接收所感测的力，其中所述控制器包括存储器，所述存储器在其中存储多个编程指令，当所述多个编程指令被处理单元执行时，其将所感测的力与存储在所述存储器中的预定值比较、并且激活所述电机以将所述位移构件朝向或远离所述孔口关闭构件移动，从而将所述接触端抵靠所述孔口关闭构件最优地定位。
8.根据权利要求7所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述电机包括步进电机。
9.根据权利要求7所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述电机包括直流电机。
10.根据权利要求7所述的阀致动器系统，进一步包括：编码器，其用于确定所述位移构件的移动的量。
11.根据权利要求7所述的阀致动器系统，其用于透析机中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述控制器编程为将力维持为至少5磅力(lbF)。
13.一种适合于打开和关闭一阀的阀致动器系统，所述阀致动器系统包括孔口关闭构件，所述孔口关闭构件定位在歧管中、并且邻近在透析系统中流体流动通过的流体路径，所述阀致动器机构包括：
位移构件，其适合于线性地移位、并且具有接触端，其中当所述阀处于所述打开状态时，所述接触端定位为靠近所述孔口关闭构件；
电机，其用于移动所述位移构件；
至少一个压力传感器，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测所产生的压力、以及用于传递基于所感测的压力的数据；
至少一个测力计，其定位在所述接触端上，用于当所述接触端与所述孔口关闭构件物理连通时感测所产生的力、以及用于传递基于所感测的力的数据；以及
控制器，其用于从至少一个压力传感器接收所感测的压力以及从至少一个测力计接收所感测的力，其中所述控制器包括存储器，所述存储器在其中存储多个编程指令，当所述多个编程指令被处理单元执行时，其将所感测的压力与存储在所述存储器中的预定的压力值比较、以及将所感测的力与存储在所述存储器中的预定的力值比较、并且激活所述电机以将所述位移构件朝向或远离所述孔口关闭构件移动，从而将所述接触端抵靠所述孔口关闭构件最优地定位。
14.根据权利要求13所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述电机包括步进电机。
15.根据权利要求13所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述电机包括直流电机。
16.根据权利要求13所述的阀致动器系统，进一步包括：编码器，其用于确定所述位移构件的移动的量。
17.根据权利要求13所述的阀致动器系统，其用于透析机中。
18.根据权利要求17所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述控制器编程为将所感测的压力维持为至少2psi。
19.根据权利要求17所述的阀致动器系统，其中所述控制器编程为将力维持为至少5磅力(lbF)。
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-
2013
- 2013-11-11 US US14/077,112 patent/US9354640B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-10-10 CN CN201480061648.8A patent/CN105722537A/zh active Pending
- 2014-10-10 EP EP14860964.7A patent/EP3068460A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-10-10 WO PCT/US2014/060122 patent/WO2015069412A1/en active Application Filing
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2016
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2018
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| EP3068460A4 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
| EP3068460A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
| US10817004B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
| WO2015069412A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
| US20170023953A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
| US20150129055A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
| US10019020B2 (en) | 2018-07-10 |
| US9354640B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
| US20190138037A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 |
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