CN105703906A - 用于在内容中心网络中使用清单验证重新命名的内容的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于在内容中心网络中使用清单验证重新命名的内容的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN105703906A
CN105703906A CN201510862778.8A CN201510862778A CN105703906A CN 105703906 A CN105703906 A CN 105703906A CN 201510862778 A CN201510862778 A CN 201510862778A CN 105703906 A CN105703906 A CN 105703906A
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CN105703906B (zh
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I·索利斯
M·E·莫斯科
E·尤祖
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
    • G06F21/44—Program or device authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3247—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1068—Discovery involving direct consultation or announcement among potential requesting and potential source peers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • G06F21/108—Transfer of content, software, digital rights or licenses
    • G06F21/1086—Superdistribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]

Abstract

一个实施例提供一种促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息的系统。操作中，所述系统通过内容生产装置确定指示与内容对象关联的至少原始名称的原始清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符HSVLI。所述系统用新名称重新命名所述内容对象。所述系统还创建指示所述新名称的新清单，其中，所述新清单包括与所述原始清单关联的原始认证信息。

Description

用于在内容中心网络中使用清单验证重新命名的内容的方法和系统
技术领域
本申请一般涉及数字内容的分配。更具体地，本申请涉及在内容中心网络(CCN)中通过使用重新命名对象并包括原始生产者的认证信息的清单来验证内容的原始生产者。
背景技术
互联网和电子商务的激增继续产生大量的数字内容。设计出内容中心网络(CCN)架构来促进访问并处理这些数字内容。CCN包括实体或节点，诸如网络客户端、转发器(例如路由器)和内容生产者，他们通过发送对各种内容项目的兴趣包并接收返回的内容对象包来彼此通信。CCN兴趣和内容对象由其唯一的名称标识，该唯一的名称通常是分层结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成。
除了标识名称和有效载荷之外，CCN内容对象可以包括内容生产者的签名。签名绑定签名者(例如生产者)的名称、有效载荷和身份。名称用来匹配、路由和转发内容。为了移动或重新分配内容以服务来自由相同名称不能到达的位置(例如来自除了与名称对应的之外的网络缓存位置)的内容，系统可以或者更新路由信息或者重新命名内容。然而，更新路由信息可能导致由于修改CCN内中间路由器上的路由表(例如转发信息库)而导致的计算开销。而且，重新命名内容破坏了内容的唯一名称和生产者的认证信息(例如签名和身份)之间的绑定安全联系，使接收CCN实体没法认证内容的原始生产者。
发明内容
一个实施例提供一种促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息的系统。操作中，所述系统通过内容生产装置确定指示与内容对象关联的至少一个原始名称的原始清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。所述系统用新名称重新命名所述内容对象。所述系统还创建指示所述新名称的新清单，其中，所述新清单包括与所述原始清单关联的原始认证信息。
在一些实施例中，所述原始认证信息指示以下的一个或多个：所述原始清单的生产者的身份；以及所述原始清单的生产者的数字签名。
在一些实施例中，所述原始认证信息是以下中的一个或多个：嵌入所述新清单中的信息；从所述原始清单导出的信息；以及从所述原始清单导出的链接对象，其中，所述链接对象是与所述原始清单不同的对象。
在一些实施例中，重新命名内容对象涉及以下的一个或多个：向所述原始名称增加前缀；用所述新名称的一部分替换所述原始名称的一部分；创建所述新名称到所述原始名称的一对一映射的任何函数。
在一些实施例中，所述原始认证信息指示基于所述原始名称的自认证名称，其中，所述自认证名称唯一地标识所述内容对象。
在一些实施例中，所述自认证名称包括所述内容对象的加密摘要。
在一些实施例中，所述新清单指示基于所述新名称的自认证名称，其中，所述自认证名称唯一地标识所述内容对象。
在一些实施例中，所述系统通过内容消费装置接收指示与内容对象关联的至少新名称的新清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符(HSVLI)；并且其中，所述新清单包括与原始清单关联的原始认证信息，所述原始清单指示与所述内容对象关联的原始名称。所述系统基于所述新名称检索所述内容对象。所述系统还通过以下步骤验证检索的内容对象：用所述原始名称替换所述新名称；以及使用所述原始认证信息认证具有所述原始名称的内容对象，从而促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息。
在一些实施例中，所述系统检索所述系统原始清单，其中，所述原始验证信息指示基于所述原始名称的自认证名称，并且其中，所述自认证名称唯一地标识所述内容对象。
在一些实施例中，所述系统通过基于生产者的公钥认证所述原始清单的生产者的数字签名，来验证所述原始清单。
在一些实施例中，验证获得的内容对象还包括：基于所述原始名称，计算所述内容对象的自认证名称；将计算的自认证名称与所述原始验证信息中指示的自认证名称进行比较；并且响应于确定计算的自认证名称与所述原始验证信息中指示的自认证名称匹配，认证获得的内容对象。
附图说明
图1图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息的示例性计算环境。
图2呈现根据本发明的实施例对由内容发布者执行的基于由内容生产者创建的原始清单创建新清单的方法进行图解说明的流程图。
图3呈现根据本发明的实施例对由内容消费者执行的基于新清单检索内容、验证内容的原始生产者并验证内容的方法进行图解说明的流程图。
图4呈现根据本发明的实施例描绘原始清单的格式、示例性原始清单、新清单的格式和示例性新清单的表。
图5呈现根据本发明的实施例描绘原始内容对象的格式、示例性原始内容对象、新内容对象的格式和示例性新内容对象的表。
图6呈现根据本发明的实施例描绘封装原始清单的格式和示例性封装原始清单的表。
图7图解说明根据本发明促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息的示例性计算机和通信系统。
在图中，相同的附图标记指相同的附图元件。
具体实施方式
给出以下描述使得本领域技术人员能够制造和使用实施例，以下描述是在特定应用和其需求的背景下提供的。对所公开实施例的各种改进对本领域技术人员是非常显然的，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下，本文中定义的通用原理可以应用于其它实施例和应用。因此，本发明不局限于所显示的实施例，而是给予与本文中公开的原理和特征一致的最宽范围。
概述
本发明的实施例提供一种系统，其促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息。这种重新分配是通过使用清单和自认证内容对象实现的。清单是描述内容对象的集合的内容对象。可以包括签名者(例如内容生产者)的名称、签名和身份。签名清单可以提供对请求应用清单描述的内容对象的信任。通过使用安全内容目录(例如清单)签名和验证内容对象的集合在美国专利申请号14/231,515中描述。清单可以包括在其集合中描述的每个内容对象的自认证名称。一旦接收并验证清单，请求应用可以通过简单地验证自认证名称来信任各个内容对象。自认证名称是唯一地标识内容的名称，可以包括内容的加密散列、密钥/名称组合和为名称的最后一个名称组成的摘要。因为对清单的信任已经建立，请求应用可以通过验证自认证名称(例如通过计算所接收的内容对象的散列值)并将其与清单中包括的自认证名称进行比较来验证清单中描述的内容对象。因为内容对象基于其自认证名称(例如内容对象散列)通过清单被验证和认证，所以内容对象不需要签名，不过在一些实施例中清单可以包含签名。
当内容重新发布者(例如内容缓存服务，诸如Akamai)希望重新发布之前已经由原始内容生产者(例如，生产者，诸如Netflix)发布的内容时，重发布者可以给内容分配新名称，同时，保存原始内容生产者的安全绑定。例如，原始内容生产者发布内容，并创建通过原始名称描述内容对象的原始清单。原始清单可以包括所有内容名称的数字签名，每个内容名称可以包括相应内容对象的散列。内容缓存服务希望以新名称重新发布相同内容，使得内容缓存服务以新名称封装原始清单。此外，内容缓存服务用新名称重新命名原始清单的每个内容对象。结果，每个重新命名的内容对象具有新名称、相同的有效载荷和与原始内容对象散列不同的内容对象散列。内容缓存服务还创建由其新名称描述内容对象的新清单。
用户(例如希望查看内容的内容消费者)可以通过首先(通过新名称)检索新清单然后检索新清单中描述的内容对象从内容缓存服务检索内容。如上文讨论的，内容消费者可以通过计算自认证名称(例如通过计算内容对象的散列)并将其与清单中包括的自认证名称(例如原始清单中指示的原始名称中包括的散列值)比较来验证新清单中描述的内容对象。为了验证原始生产者，内容消费者检索封装的原始清单，通过认证原始生产者的数字签名验证原始清单，并随后基于每个名称中包括的散列验证新清单中描述的每个内容对象。为了验证新清单中描述的每个内容对象，消费者通过用原始名称(如原始清单中描述的)替换新名称(如新清单中描述的)来重新命名每个内容对象。消费者然后通过计算内容对象的散列并将该散列与原始清单中指示的原始名称中包括的散列比较，认证具有原始名称的内容对象。因此，系统以新名称重新分配内容对象，而不引起重新计算原始认证信息所需的计算开销。
除了基于生产者的数字签名提供直接信任之外，当指向清单的原始链接是自认证名称(例如基于散列的名称)时，清单可以提供间接信任。清单可以链接到其它清单，因此，创建清单的分层结构，通过该结构信任可以被链接或建立。在一些实施例中，原始生产者清单(例如由原始内容生产者产生的原始清单)链接自新发布者清单(例如由内容缓存服务发布的新清单)。原始清单可以嵌入新清单中。在一些实施例中，清单包含有效载荷的散列，而不是内容对象的散列。在这种情况下，名称不是被散列化的数据的一部分，所以名称不需要被重写。
原始生产者可以签署指向清单的链接(用基于散列的名称)，而不是签署整个清单本身。因此，新发布者清单可以包括链接和签名。类似地，清单中描述的内容对象可以包括或者可以不包括签名信息。如果签名信息包括于具有原始名称的内容对象中，则签名信息在新名称下不是有效的。注意，由于有效载荷的内容本身并不变化，所以散列仍是有效的。如果签名信息不包括于具有原始名称的内容对象中，则重新发布者可以在具有新名称的内容对象上包括签名信息。重新发布者相应地给内容消费者指示为了便于内容消费者验证原始生产者(基于原始生产者清单中的自认证名称)，包括的发布者签名信息要被去掉。此外，如果重新发布者以新名称签署内容对象，则重新发布者可以在新清单中包括指向内容对象的KeyId型链接，而不是自认证名称链接。例如，新清单可以包括指向内容对象的链接，重新发布者可以包括用于内容对象的链接的私有KeyID，内容消费者可以使用该私有KeyID来认证内容对象。
在本申请描述的示例中，每项内容是分别被命名的，每项数据被绑定到将该数据与任何其它项数据(诸如相同数据的其它形式或来自其它源的数据)相区分的唯一名称。此唯一名称允许网络装置通过传播指示唯一名称的请求或兴趣来请求数据，可以获得与数据的存储位置、网络位置、应用和传输手段无关的数据。以下词语用来描述CCN架构：
内容对象(ContentObject)：单一一项命名数据，其绑定到唯一名称。内容对象是“永久的”，这意味着内容对象可以在计算装置内或者在不同的计算装置中移动，但不会改变。如果内容对象的任何组成变化，则出现变化的实体创建包括更新内容的新内容对象，并且将新内容对象绑定到新唯一名称。
唯一名称(UniqueName)：CCN中的名称通常是与位置无关的，唯一地标识内容对象。数据转发装置不管内容对象的网络地址或物理位置如何，可以使用名称或名称前缀将包向生成或存储内容对象的网络节点转发。在一些实施例中，名称可以是层次结构的可变长度标识符(HSVLI)。HSVLI可以分成几个层次组成，这些组成可以以各种方式构造。例如，个别的名称组成parc，home，ccn，和test.txt可以以左对齐的前缀为主的方式构造，形成名称“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”。因此，名称“/parc/home/ccn”可以是“/parc/home/ccn/test.txt”的“父”或“前缀”。附加组成可以用来区分内容项目的不同形式，诸如合作文档。
在一些实施例中，名称可以包括不分层标识符，诸如从内容对象的数据(例如验证和值)和/或从内容对象的名称的元素导出的散列值。基于散列的名称的描述在美国专利申请号13/847,814中描述。名称还可以是扁平标签。后文中“名称”用来指名称数据网络中的一条数据的任何名称，诸如层次名称或名称前缀、扁平名称、固定长度的名称、任意长度的名称或标签(例如多协议标签交换(MPLS)标签)。
兴趣(Interest)：指示对一条数据的请求的包，包括该条数据的名称(或名称前缀)。数据消费者可以在信息中心网络中传播请求或兴趣，CCN路由器可以向可以提供所请求数据以满足请求或兴趣的存储装置(例如缓存服务器)或数据生产者播送。
本文中公开的方法不局限于CCN网络，也适用于其它架构。CCN架构的描述在美国专利申请号12/338,175中找到。
网络架构和清单综述
图1图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息的示例性计算环境100。计算环境100可以包括内容生产者104和内容发布者106，这两者都可以包括可以发布或生产内容并且满足通过网络102对内容的请求的任何内容生产装置。计算环境100还可以包括内容消费者108，其可以包括可以确定通过网络102对内容进行请求的任何内容消费装置。例如，客户端装置108可以包括智能手机108.1、平板计算机108.2和/或个人计算装置108.p(例如膝上型计算机)。计算环境100还可以包括网络102，其可以是例如内容中心网络(CCN)、命名数据网络(NDN)或信息中心网络(ICN)。术语“内容生产者”在本文中用来描述原始内容的内容生产者，而术语“内容发布者”在本文中用来描述发布之前生产的或之前发布的内容的内容生产者(例如由内容生产者生产的原始内容)。
操作中，内容生产者104生产原始内容，并创建描述原始内容的原始清单120。原始清单120包含清单名称122和原始名称130.1-130.n的内容对象的列表。原始清单120还可以包含与每个内容对象关联的原始散列值132.1-132.n。在一些实施例中，散列值132.1-132.n可以是自认证名称的一部分，其被散列化后，是唯一地标识内容对象的名称。此外，原始清单120可以包含生产者134的身份和生产者签名136。
为了以不同名称重新发布原始内容，同时保持将原始内容安全绑定到内容生产者104，内容发布者106用新名称重新命名内容对象，创建新清单140，新清单140包含清单名称142和新名称为150.1-150.n的内容对象的列表。新清单140还可以包含与每个内容对象关联的新散列值152.1-152.n。与原始清单120的原始散列值132.1-132.n类似，新散列值152.1-152.n可以是自认证名称的一部分，自认证名称在被散列化后是唯一地标识内容对象的名称。具有新名称150.1-150.n的内容对象具有与原始名称130.1-130.n不同的名称，产生与原始散列值130.1-130.n不同的新散列值152.1-152.n，但每个散列值包含与具有原始名称130.1-130.n的相应内容对象相同的数据或有效载荷。此外，新清单140可以包含发布者的身份154，发布者签名156和指示关于原始清单120的信息的原始认证信息160。
内容发布者创建新清单
图2呈现根据本发明的实施例对由内容发布者执行的基于由内容生产者创建的原始清单创建新清单的方法进行图解说明的流程图200。操作中，系统通过内容生产者创建指示分别与原始名称关联的内容对象的原始清单(操作202)。内容生产者通过包括原始清单的原始认证信息(“原始认证信息”)认证原始清单(操作202)。在一些实施例中，原始认证信息包括原始内容生产者的身份和生产者的签名。内容发布者以新封装原始清单名称封装包括原始认证信息的原始清单(操作204)。内容发布者用新名称重新命名内容对象，使得内容对象与不同于原始名称的名称关联，产生不同的但包含相同的有效载荷数据的内容对象散列值(操作206)。在一些实施例中，系统从原始名称导出新名称。系统可以基于一对一映射函数，诸如给原始名称增加前缀或用新名称的一部分替换原始名称的一部分，重新命名内容对象。最后，内容发布者以新清单名称创建新清单，这里，新清单指示分别与新名称关联的内容对象(操作208)。新清单还包括来自原始清单的原始认证信息。
消费者检索内容，验证生产者并验证内容
图3呈现根据本发明的实施例对由内容消费者执行的基于新清单检索内容、验证内容的原始生产者并验证内容的方法进行图解说明的流程图300。操作中，内容消费者使用新清单名称检索新清单(操作302)。新清单指示分别与新名称关联的内容对象。内容消费者通过新清单中指示的新名称检索内容对象(操作304)。内容消费者在新封装原始清单名称下检索封装原始清单，以便获得原始清单的副本(操作306)。内容消费者然后从原始清单提取原始认证信息(操作308)。如上文讨论的，原始认证信息可以包括生产者的身份和生产者的签名。原始认证信息还可以包括内容对象的自认证名称。例如，自认证名称可以是这样的名称，其包括内容的散列(例如加密摘要)、密钥/名称组合和为名称的最后一个名称组成的摘要。如上文描述的，因为清单本身被签名，并且因为内容对象可以通过其自认证名称验证，所以内容对象不需要个别签名，不过，在一些实施例中，内容对象可以包含个别签名。
随后，内容消费者基于原始认证信息验证原始清单，原始认证信息包括原始生产者的身份和签名(操作310)。例如，内容消费者可以使用已知的签名验证函数和标识的原始生产者的公钥来认证原始清单。在一些实施例中，内容消费者不需要验证原始生产者，因此不执行操作310描述的步骤。
内容消费者然后验证分别与新名称关联的检索的内容对象。首先，内容消费者用原始清单中指示的原始名称替换每个内容对象的新名称(操作312)。在一些实施例中，系统基于一对一映射函数替换新名称，诸如用原始名称的一部分替换新名称的一部分或者去掉新名称的一部分以获得原始名称。例如，在创建新名称时，内容发布者可以向旧名称增加前缀，使得当消费者检查信任时(例如验证原始生产者、原始清单和新清单中描述的每个内容对象)，消费者只需要去掉前缀，以便将内容对象名称转换回原始名称。其次，内容消费者计算与已经转换回原始名称的名称关联的内容对象的自认证名称(操作314)。在一些实施例中，系统对与原始名称关联的内容对象执行散列函数。最后，内容消费者将计算的自认证名称与原始认证信息(如原始清单中描述的)中指示的自认证名称比较(操作316)。在一些实施例中，系统比较计算的与原始名称关联的内容对象的散列值(来自操作314)，与原始清单中描述的原始命名的内容对象的散列值比较。如果匹配(判断318)，方法返回，指示检索的内容对象已经被正确地认证。如果不匹配，则系统会丢弃或忽略内容对象(操作320)。
原始清单和新清单的示例性格式
图4呈现根据本发明的实施例描绘原始清单420的格式、新清单440的格式、示例性原始清单460和示例性新清单480的表。清单中描述的内容对象可以由各种方案表示。一种方案是列出每个内容对象的名称和对应的散列值。另一种方案是使用共同的命名或链接根(例如内容基础名称)和最后分段名称的列表连同其对应的散列值。另一种方案是使用预测名称，诸如计数器。图4中的表描绘内容基础名称和最后分段名称的列表的使用。原始清单420可以包含清单名称422、原始内容基础名称424、内容链接项目430、生产者434的身份和生产者签名436。内容链接项目430可以包括最后分段430.1-430.n和原始散列值432.1-432.n。示例性原始清单460描绘清单，它包括：清单名称为“/netflix/frozen/manifest”、原始内容基础名称为“/netflix/frozen/content”，内容链接项目号为1-n，这里标号为1的内容对象的最后分段的名称是“c_1”，相应散列值为“hash(CO/netflix/frozen/content/c_1)”，值为“Netflix”的生产者身份，值为“Netflix_Sig”的生产者签名。
类似地，新清单440可以包含清单名称422、新内容基础名称444、内容链接项目450、发布者的身份454和发布者签名456。内容链接项目450可以包括最后分段450.1-450.n和新散列值452.1-452.n。新清单440还可以包括原始认证信息460，它可以包括新封装原始清单名称462和原始清单散列值464。示例性原始清单480描绘清单：它包括清单名称为“/akamai/frozen/manifest”、原始内容基础名称为“/akamai/frozen/content”、内容链接项目编号为1-n，这里，编号为1的内容对象的最后分段的名称是“c_1”，相应的散列值为“hash(CO/akamai/frozen/content/c_1)”；值为“Akamai”的发布者身份、和值为“Akamai_Sig”的发布者签名。示例性原始清单480还可以包括原始认证信息，其包括新封装原始清单名称为“/akamai/frozen/original-manifest”、原始清单散列值为“hash(CO/netflix/frozen/manifest)”。
在图4中，原始认证信息描绘为包括新封装原始清单和原始清单的散列(例如，原始认证信息是嵌入新清单中的信息)。在一些实施例中，原始认证信息是从原始清单导出的信息。原始认证信息还可以是从原始清单导出的链接对象，这里，链接对象是与原始清单不同的对象(例如单独的对象的指针)。在其它实施例中，原始认证信息指示由清单描述的内容对象的散列，这在图4的原始清单420和新清单440分别描绘为内容链接项目430和450的一部分(例如自认证名称)。
其它对象的示例性格式
图5呈现根据本发明的实施例描绘原始内容对象510的格式、示例性原始内容对象520、新内容对象530的格式和示例性新内容对象540的表。原始内容对象510包括原始名称512和有效载荷514。示例性原始内容对象520包括值为“/netflix/frozen/content/c1”的原始名称和值为“data1”的有效载荷。新内容对象530包括新名称532和有效载荷534。示例性新内容对象540包括值为“/akamai/frozen/content/c1”的新名称和值为“data1”的有效载荷。注意，尽管新名称和原始名称是不同的，但示例性原始内容对象520和示例性新内容对象540的有效载荷数据是相同的(例如“data1”)。而且，包括基于名称(例如示例性新内容对象540的新名称和示例性原始内容对象520的原始名称)的内容对象的散列值的自认证名称(未图示)对每个示例性原始内容对象520和示例性新内容对象540是不同的。
图6呈现根据本发明的实施例描绘封装原始清单610的格式和示例性封装原始清单620的表。封装原始清单610包括新封装清单名称462和有效载荷614。示例性封装原始清单620包括值为“/akamai/frozen/original-manifest”的新封装原始清单名称和值等于原始清单的有效载荷(例如图4中描绘的示例性原始清单460)。
基于示例性清单和其它对象的使用示例
下面的使用示例基于图4-6呈现和描述的示例性表和本文中公开的方法。内容生产者(例如Netflix)创建对与原始名称关联的内容对象进行描述的示例性原始清单460。原始名称包括原始内容基础名称424和最后分段430.1-430.n(例如“/netflix/frozen/content/c_1”)。原始清单460包括原始认证信息，其可以指示每个内容对象(例如“hash(CO/netflix/frozen/content/c_1)”)的相应散列值。Netflix作为内容生产者通过包括其身份434“Netflix”和签名436“Netflix_Sig”认证原始清单460。内容发布者(例如Akamai)通过创建示例性封装原始清单620来封装原始清单460，新封装原始清单名称462为“/akamai/frozen/original-manifest”。Akamai用包括新内容基础名称444和最后分段450.1-450.n(例如“/akamai/frozen/content/c_1”)的新名称重新命名内容对象。Akamai创建清单名称442为“/akamai/frozen/manifest”的示例性新清单480，这里新清单480通过新名称描述内容对象，并包括来自原始清单460的原始认证信息。
消费者以新清单名称442“/akamai/frozen/manifest”检索新清单480，这里，新清单480包括原始认证信息460。消费者检索新清单480中描述的内容对象(例如新名称为“/akamai/frozen/content/c_1”的内容对象等)。消费者然后基于原始认证信息460中包括的新封装原始清单名称462(例如“/akamai/frozen/original-manifest”)检索封装原始清单620。消费者此时有原始清单460和新清单480的副本。
消费者基于原始认证信息验证原始清单460。例如，消费者使用基于标识的原始生产者434的公钥的常规签名验证。消费者然后验证新清单480中描述的检索的内容对象。首先，对于每个检索的内容对象，消费者用包括原始清单(例如“/netflix/frozen/content/c_1”)中指示的原始内容基础名称424和最后分段430.1的原始名称替代包括新内容基础名称444和最后分段450.1(例如“/akamai/frozen/content/c_1”)的新名称。接着，消费者基于从新名称(例如“hash(CO/netflix/frozen/content/c_1)”)导出的原始名称计算内容对象的自认证名称。最后，消费者将计算的自认证名称与原始认证信息中指示的自认证名称进行比较(例如原始散列值432.1为“hash_1＝hash(CO/netflix/frozen/content/c_1)”)。通过确认重新命名的内容对象包含与原始命名的内容对象相同的数据，匹配则认证所检索的内容对象。如果没有匹配，检索的内容对象不被认证，系统可以丢弃或忽略内容对象。
示例性计算机和通信系统
图7图解说明根据本发明的实施例促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息的示例性计算机和通信系统702。计算机和通信系统702包括处理器704、存储器706和存储装置708。存储器706可以包括充当管理存储器的易失性存储器(例如RAM)，并且可以用来存储一个或多个内存池。而且，计算机和通信系统702可以耦连到显示装置710、键盘712和定位装置714。存储装置708可以存储操作系统716、内容处理系统718和数据732。
内容处理系统718可以包括指令，这些指令在由计算机和通信系统702执行时，可以引起计算机和通信系统702执行本申请中描述的方法和/或过程。具体地，内容处理系统718可以包括用于通过内容生产装置确定指示与内容对象关联的至少原始名称的原始清单的指令，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符(HSVLI)(通信机构720)。内容处理系统718可以包括用于用新名称重新命名内容对象的指令(重新命名机构722)。内容处理系统718还可以包括用于创建指示新名称的新清单的指令，其中，新清单包括与原始清单关联的原始认证信息(清单创建机构724)。
内容处理系统718还可以包括用于重新命名内容对象的指令，这涉及以下的一个或多个：给原始名称增加前缀；用新名称的一部分替换原始名称的一部分；以及创建新名称到原始名称的一对一映射的任何函数(重新命名机构722)。
内容处理系统718可以另外包括通过内容消费装置接收指示与内容对象关联的至少新名称的新清单的指令，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符(HSVLI)；并且其中，所述新清单包括与所述原始清单关联的原始认证信息，所述原始清单指示与所述内容对象关联的原始名称(通信机构720)。内容处理系统718可以包括用于基于新名称检索内容对象的指令(通信机构720)。内容处理系统718可以包括用于通过用原始名称替换新名称以及使用原始认证信息认证具有原始名称的内容对象验证获得的内容对象的指令(内容认证机构726)。内容处理系统718还可以包括用于基于原始名称计算内容对象的自认证名称的指令(内容验证机构728)，将计算的自认证名称与原始认证信息中指示的自认证名称进行比较的指令(内容验证机构728)，以及响应于确定计算的自认证名称与原始认证信息中指示的自认证名称匹配，认证获得的内容对象的指令(认证机构730)。
内容处理系统718可以包括用于检索原始清单的指令，其中，原始认证信息指示基于原始名称的自认证名称，并且其中，自认证名称唯一地标识内容对象(通信机构720)。内容处理系统718还可以包括通过基于生产者的公钥认证原始清单的生产者的数字签名来验证原始清单的指令(清单验证机构726)。
数据732可以包括通过本申请中描述的方法和/或过程作为输入请求的或作为输出生成的任何数据。具体地，数据732可以存储至少：指示与内容对象关联的至少一个原始名称的原始清单，其中，名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符(HSVLI)；指示与内容对象关联的至少一个新名称的新清单；原始名称；新名称；与原始名称关联的内容对象；与新名称关联的内容对象；封装原始清单；封装原始清单名称；清单名称；内容基础名称；内容链接项目；最后分段名称；与原始清单关联的原始认证信息；原始清单的生产者的身份；原始清单的生产者的数字签名；基于原始名称的自认证名称，其中，自认证名称唯一地标识内容对象；内容对象的散列；以及基于从原始清单获得的原始名称的计算的自认证名称。
在此详细描述中描述的数据结构和代码通常存储于计算机可读存储介质上，计算机可读存储介质可以是可以存储代码和/或数据以由计算机系统使用的任何装置或介质。计算机可读存储介质包括但不限于易失性存储器、非易失性存储器、磁和光存储装置(诸如磁盘驱动器、磁带、CD(光盘)、DVD(数字通用盘或数字视频盘))或能够存储计算机可读介质的现在已知或以后开发的其它介质。
在详细描述部分描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据，这些代码和/或数据可以存储在如上文描述的计算机可读存储介质中。当计算机系统读、执行计算机可读存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储于计算机可读存储介质中的方法和过程。
而且，上面描述的方法和过程可以包括于硬件模块或设备中。这些模块或设备可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或一段代码的专用或共用处理器，和现在已知或以后开发的其它可编程逻辑器件。当硬件模块或设备被激活时，他们执行其中包括的方法和过程。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于认证内容的计算机实现的方法，所述方法包括：
通过内容生产装置确定指示与内容对象关联的至少原始名称的原始清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符HSVLI：
用新名称重新命名所述内容对象：以及
创建指示所述新名称的新清单，其中，所述新清单包括与所述原始清单关联的原始认证信息，从而促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述原始认证信息指示以下的一个或多个：
所述原始清单的生产者的身份：以及
所述原始清单的生产者的数字签名。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述原始认证信息是以下中的一个或多个：
嵌入所述新清单中的信息：
从所述原始清单导出的信息：以及
从所述原始清单导出的链接对象，其中，所述链接对象是与所述原始清单不同的对象。
4.一种计算机实现的方法，包括：
通过内容消费装置接收指示与内容对象关联的至少新名称的新清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符HSVLI：并且其中，所述新清单包括与原始清单关联的原始认证信息，所述原始清单指示与所述内容对象关联的原始名称：
基于所述新名称检索所述内容对象：以及
通过以下步骤验证检索的内容对象：
用所述原始名称替换所述新名称：以及
使用所述原始认证信息认证具有所述原始名称的内容对象，从而促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述原始认证信息指示以下的一个或多个：
所述原始清单的生产者的身份：以及
所述原始清单的生产者的数字签名。
6.一种用于认证内容的计算机系统，所述系统包括：
处理器：
存储装置，所述存储装置耦连到所述处理器并存储指令，所述指令由计算机执行时引起所述计算机执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过内容生产装置确定指示与内容对象关联的至少原始名称的原始清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符HSVLI：
用新名称重新命名所述内容对象：以及
创建指示所述新名称的新清单，其中，所述新清单包括与所述原始清单关联的原始认证信息，从而促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息。
7.根据权利要求6所述的计算机系统，其中，所述原始认证信息指示以下的一个或多个：
所述原始清单的生产者的身份：以及
所述原始清单的生产者的数字签名。
8.一种用于认证内容的计算机系统，所述系统包括：
处理器：
存储装置，所述存储装置耦连到所述处理器并存储指令，所述指令由计算机执行时引起所述计算机执行一种方法，所述方法包括：
通过内容消费装置接收指示与内容对象关联的至少新名称的新清单，其中，所述名称是包括从最概括级到最具体级排序的连续名称组成的分层结构可变长度标识符HSVLI：并且其中，所述新清单包括与原始清单关联的原始认证信息，所述原始清单指示与所述内容对象关联的原始名称：
基于所述新名称检索所述内容对象：以及
通过以下步骤验证检索的内容对象：
用所述原始名称替换所述新名称：以及
使用所述原始认证信息认证具有所述原始名称的内容对象，从而促进重新分配具有不同名称的内容对象，而不需要重新计算原始认证信息。
9.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述原始认证信息指示以下的一个或多个：
所述原始清单的生产者的身份：以及
所述原始清单的生产者的数字签名。
10.根据权利要求8所述的计算机系统，其中，所述原始认证信息是以下中的一个或多个：
嵌入所述新清单中的信息：
从所述原始清单导出的信息：以及
从所述原始清单导出的链接对象，其中，所述链接对象是与所述原始清单分离的对象。
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