CN105136524A - Movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus - Google Patents
Movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105136524A CN105136524A CN201510520025.9A CN201510520025A CN105136524A CN 105136524 A CN105136524 A CN 105136524A CN 201510520025 A CN201510520025 A CN 201510520025A CN 105136524 A CN105136524 A CN 105136524A
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- runoff
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- flow liquid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus. The apparatus comprises a runoff box, a runoff water inlet pipeline and a runoff box top cover, wherein the runoff box top cover is arranged at the top of the runoff box, the runoff water inlet pipeline is arranged at the upper portion of the sidewall of the runoff box, the bottom of the runoff box is arranged in an invert tapered manner, a reinforcement is welded to the external side surface of the runoff box, and two sides of the bottom of the runoff are provided with detachable rollers. The movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil measurement researches, and is used for collecting a dry land soil runoff liquid when environment pollution load evaluation researches of runoff containing nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutritional components in dry land non-point source pollution. The collection apparatus for accurately measuring the dry land soil runoff liquid has the characteristics of low cost, reliable result, convenient manufacturing and installation, and easy enforcement in the dry land soil runoff monitoring process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural soil measuring study technical field, be specifically related to a kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device.
Background technology
Farmland nutrient loss is the major reason of surface water body eutrophication.In recent years, along with the increasing of cultivated land utilization intensity, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer increase, the pollution of area source problem caused by rural activity receives publicity gradually.It is one of main path of farmland N, P nutrient loss that soil nutrient moves to water body with rainwash, is also the main cause causing widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.
In the loss process of research soil nutrient migration, namely dynamic and nitrogen, phosphorus etc. the rainwash of the moving distribution of element discharges in the research of environmental pollution load, generally adopts the method for collecting footpath flow liquid and carrying out analyzing and researching.Therefore, the collection of soil footpath flow liquid is the important step measuring elements transported distribution dynamic.Soil runoff mainly measures its footpath flowing liquid sum concentration, and at present, national inventing patent CN101246093B is used widely in the collection of dryland soil footpath flow liquid.
Patent announcement number for CN101246093B name be called " the runoff collection tube under rice field-upland field rotation condition and runoff gathering-device " although patent of invention there is the advantage of sampling simple and fast, also exist obviously not enough: 1, the runoff pond of runoff gathering-device is
Brick, cement wall structure, once build up rear irremovable; 2, because runoff pond floorage is comparatively large, as runoff pond width is generally 80-120cm, footpath flow liquid when very difficult collecting amount is few; 3, in the larger area of temperature Change in season, due to the violent alternately change of temperature, the anti-seepage effect of destructible brick, cement wall structure, increases maintenance cost.
Summary of the invention
the technical matters solved:the object of the invention is to overcome the some shortcomings existed in above-mentioned prior art, thus a kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device is provided.
technical scheme:
A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, comprise runoff case, runoff inlet channel and runoff case top cover, wherein runoff case top cover is arranged at runoff box top, runoff inlet channel is arranged at the side wall upper part of runoff case, arrange in back taper bottom runoff case and form liquid storage district, the exterior lateral sides of runoff case is welded with reinforcement, and the two bottom sides of runoff case is provided with dismountable roller.
Described removable dryland soil runoff collecting device, runoff case can be opened type water-tight vessel, and the inwall of runoff case is with level scale.
Described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, runoff case inside can be provided with footpath flow liquid filtration unit, wherein inlet is arranged at the top of footpath flow liquid filtration unit side, inlet is corresponding with runoff inlet channel height, and the internal diameter of inlet is greater than the external diameter of runoff inlet channel, flow liquid filtration unit inside, footpath is provided with more than one filtering layer, opening is staggeredly equipped with between adjacent filter layers, the bottom of footpath flow liquid filtration unit is provided with supporting leg, and the bottom of footpath flow liquid filtration unit can pass through footpath flow liquid; Be provided with cushion block bottom runoff case, cushion block upper surface is level, and footpath flow liquid filtration unit is positioned on cushion block.
Described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, filtering layer can be filtering membrane.
Described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, the bottom of footpath flow liquid filtration unit can be filtering membrane.
Above-described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, the filtering membrane bottom filtration unit can be prepared from by with under type:
(1) by ethyl orthosilicate 0.5-2 part of components by weight percent, cellulose acetate 4-8 part, dacron 2-7 part, glass fibre 3-8 part, polyamide 3-8 part, stirs in stirring machine, obtains potpourri one;
(2) mixture one is proceeded in reactor, add acrylamide 2-5 part, paraffin 3-7 part, dibutyl phthalate 1-4 part, is warming up to 60-70 DEG C under nitrogen existent condition, stirs 20-30 minute, then 80-85 DEG C is warming up to, continue to stir 10-20 minute, be down to room temperature, obtain potpourri two;
(3) joining in potpourri two by diaminodiphenylmethane 0.5-2 part, is be warming up to 60-70 DEG C under the condition of 0.02-0.04MPa in vacuum tightness, and stir 15-20 minute, discharging, obtains potpourri three;
(4) potpourri three is joined in reflux, add absolute ethyl alcohol 80-100 part, add hot reflux 20-30 minute, obtain potpourri four;
(5) sodium bicarbonate 3-7 part is added in potpourri four, be uniformly mixed, and carry out spinning by hollow-fibre membrane spinning-drawing machine, wherein spinning temperature 20-30 DEG C, finished product is immersed in coagulating bath and is shaped into flat sheet membrane, wherein the proportioning of coagulating bath is take weight portion as the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50-80 part, 20-30 part water, the mixed liquor of 0.8-2 part triethylamine and 1-5 part ammonium sulfate;
(6) filter membrane finished product is obtained after the flat sheet membrane water cleaning after step (5) being shaped.
Described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, footpath flow liquid filtration unit self is detachable, and on it, the center line of bottom surface is detachably left and right two parts.
Described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, runoff inlet channel is the form of folding can be arranged at the side wall upper part of runoff case, wherein closing runoff inlet channel when closing embeds in the sidewall of runoff case, and during unlatching, runoff inlet channel stretches out the sidewall outside of runoff case.
Described moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, runoff case can be PVC material.
beneficial effect:
(1) by install a kind of can the gathering-device of Measurement accuracy dryland soil footpath flow liquid, the runoff monitoring of dryland soil is had, and cost is low, reliable results, making and installation convenient, the easy feature such as enforcement;
(2) gathering-device is provided with dismountable roller, can in use move easily;
(3) inwall of runoff case is with level scale, can find out the amount of solution in runoff case easily;
(4) gathering-device inside is provided with filtration unit, can isolated by filtration footpath flow liquid well, can Long-Time Service, simultaneously easy to maintenance, it is special filtering membrane bottom filtration unit, this filtering membrane can filter the impurity in the flow liquid of footpath, can be good at making nitrogen phosphorus etc. need the element measured to pass through, serve the effect that selectivity filters, this film can play good sterilization effect simultaneously, microorganism in the flow liquid of footpath is killed, the footpath flow liquid that the breeding avoiding microorganism brings pollutes, further avoid the N caused by microorganism in the flow liquid of footpath, the Forms Transformation of P,
(5) filtration unit can be left and right two parts along the center line dismounting of bottom surface on it, can see the amount of solid that each metafiltration film retains so intuitively, be convenient to collect the composition of the sediment in runoff, be convenient to clean and maintenance simultaneously after footpath flow liquid has been collected;
(6) the runoff inlet channel of gathering-device is by folding arranging and can need to carry out the collection of footpath flow liquid according to using, the significant increase ease of use of gathering-device;
(7) runoff case is made up of PVC material, removable, can leakproof, can collect footpath flow liquid well by the back taper liquid storage district bottom runoff case, also can reach simultaneously collect completely when runoff flow quantity is few.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 is footpath flow liquid filtration unit self the dismounting schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 4 is the moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device agent structure schematic perspective view described in the embodiment of the present invention 4;
Fig. 5 is the moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device agent structure schematic perspective view described in the embodiment of the present invention 4;
In above Fig. 1-Fig. 5,1 is runoff case, and 2 is runoff inlet channel, and 3 is liquid storage district, and 4 is runoff case top cover, and 5 is reinforcement, and 6 is roller, and 7 is footpath flow liquid filtration unit, and 71 is inlet, and 72 is filtering layer, and 73 is opening, and 8 is supporting leg, and 9 is cushion block.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, for moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device schematic diagram of the present invention, comprise runoff case 1, runoff inlet channel 2 and runoff case top cover 4, wherein runoff case top cover 4 is arranged at runoff case 1 top, runoff inlet channel 2 is arranged at the side wall upper part of runoff case 1, arrange in back taper bottom runoff case 1 and form liquid storage district 3, the exterior lateral sides of runoff case 1 is welded with reinforcement 5, the two bottom sides of runoff case 1 is provided with dismountable roller 6, roller 6 can be universal wheel, uses under facilitating different condition.Above runoff case 1 is opened type water-tight vessel, and material can use the material that the light weights such as PVC are durable.When this device uses, first roller is disassembled, then the hole of target depth is dug out, the soil dug out is stacked by Depth Stratification, a pit is dug out in the bottom correspondence in hole, put into wherein by liquid storage district 3, going to the bottom and observing soil fair of runoff inlet channel 2, is close to runoff case and piles up fragment of brick and use native infill between runoff case 1 and reinforcement 5.Runoff case top cover 4 covers above runoff case 1, prevents rainwater or foreign material from entering.Finally soil is successively backfilled, successively tamp, and repeatedly pour water, the soil in hole is restored to the original state substantially.When being completed, then whole device is taken out, and just can move easily after loading onto roller.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2, for moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device schematic diagram, it is the further improvement of embodiment 1, wherein runoff case 1 inside is provided with footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7, inlet 71 is arranged at the top of flow liquid filtration unit 7 side, footpath, inlet 71 is highly corresponding with runoff inlet channel 2, and the internal diameter of inlet 71 is greater than the external diameter of runoff inlet channel 2, flow liquid filtration unit 7 inside, footpath is provided with more than one filtering layer 72, footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 interior separation is become more than one filter space, opening 73 is staggeredly equipped with between adjacent filter layers, the bottom of footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 is provided with supporting leg 8, the bottom of footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 can pass through footpath flow liquid, be provided with cushion block 9 bottom runoff case 1, cushion block 9 upper surface is level, and footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 is positioned on cushion block 9, the inwall of runoff case 1, with level scale, can find out the amount of solution in runoff case easily, in the present embodiment, the bottom of filtering layer 72 and footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 is filtering membrane, effectively can play filtration, plays the effect of Separation of Solid and Liquid.When whole removable dryland soil runoff collecting device uses, first footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 can be positioned over runoff case 1 inner, inlet 71 is embedded on runoff inlet channel 2 simultaneously, makes the footpath flow liquid entered from runoff inlet channel 2 first flow into footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 inner.The inside of footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 is provided with multiple layers of filters 72, effectively the solid impurity in the flow liquid of footpath can be retained, final collection liquid can not be polluteed, be staggeredly equipped with opening 73 between adjacent filter layers simultaneously, its object is to avoid solid impurity on filtering layer too much retain so that affect footpath flow liquid through, and filtering layer is arranged opening solid impurity just can be made to disperse, when on first time filtering layer, solid impurity is trapped into a certain degree, automatically can fall to lower one deck by opening, by that analogy, last footpath flow liquid arrives bottom footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7, for one deck has optionally filtering membrane bottom footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7, can by contaminant filter, and the elements such as measured nitrogen phosphorus can be good at through filter membrane, filter membrane has the effect of sterilizing simultaneously, microorganism on filter membrane can be killed, avoid N in the breeding diameter flow liquid of this quasi-microorganism, the conversion of P, therefore, it is possible to make whole device carry out long-term use and do not need to safeguard, only need cleaning once after Long-Time Service, can use next time.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 3, for footpath flow liquid filtration unit self dismounting schematic diagram, can find out, footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 self can be left and right two parts along the center line dismounting of bottom surface on it, the amount of solid that each metafiltration film retains can be seen so intuitively after footpath flow liquid has been collected, simultaneously in the process of clean and maintenance, footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 is only needed to take out from runoff case 1 inside, footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 self is dismantled, just can clean very easily, advantageously in the maintenance of device, simultaneously can according to the cleaning at any time of the needs of actual use procedure, after clean, again the two parts after dismounting are combined into entirety, continue to use.
Embodiment 4
As shown in figs. 4 and 5, for another on embodiment 2 basis is improved, wherein runoff inlet channel 2 is the form of folding can be arranged at the side wall upper part of runoff case 1, when runoff inlet channel is 2-in-1 close time, it embeds (shown in Fig. 4) in the sidewall of runoff case 1, then stretches out the sidewall outside (Fig. 5) of runoff case 1 when it is opened.Be provided with like this to be beneficial to and as required collection footpath flow liquid controlled flexibly.
Embodiment 5
For the filtering membrane bottom embodiment 2 central diameter flow liquid filtration unit 7, its preparation method is as follows:
(1) by ethyl orthosilicate 0.5-2 part of components by weight percent, cellulose acetate 4-8 part, dacron 2-7 part, glass fibre 3-8 part, polyamide 3-8 part, stirs in stirring machine, obtains potpourri one;
(2) mixture one is proceeded in reactor, add acrylamide 2-5 part, paraffin 3-7 part, dibutyl phthalate 1-4 part, is warming up to 60-70 DEG C under nitrogen existent condition, stirs 20-30 minute, then 80-85 DEG C is warming up to, continue to stir 10-20 minute, be down to room temperature, obtain potpourri two;
(3) joining in potpourri two by diaminodiphenylmethane 0.5-2 part, is be warming up to 60-70 DEG C under the condition of 0.02-0.04MPa in vacuum tightness, and stir 15-20 minute, discharging, obtains potpourri three;
(4) potpourri three is joined in reflux, add absolute ethyl alcohol 80-100 part, add hot reflux 20-30 minute, obtain potpourri four;
(5) sodium bicarbonate 3-7 part is added in potpourri four, be uniformly mixed, and carry out spinning by hollow-fibre membrane spinning-drawing machine, wherein spinning temperature 20-30 DEG C, finished product is immersed in coagulating bath and is shaped into flat sheet membrane, wherein the proportioning of coagulating bath is take weight portion as the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50-80 part, 20-30 part water, the mixed liquor of 0.8-2 part triethylamine and 1-5 part ammonium sulfate.
(6) filter membrane finished product is obtained after the flat sheet membrane water cleaning after step (5) being shaped.
For above preparation method, carried out at least two intermediate values of component and the technological parameter added in each step and the method preparation of two endpoint values respectively, result shows, and the finished product filtering membrane thickness finally obtained is homogeneous, examine under a microscope, its surface has the micropore of irregular distribution; And the strainability of filtering membrane is also measured, result shows, its can 100% make nitrogen P elements in water body through, the kill ability of microorganism as bacterium, fungi, actinomyces and algae etc. simultaneously on filter membrane reaches more than 96%, well avoid the pollution of microorganism for footpath flow liquid, also well avoid the conversion of microorganism to materials such as N, P in water body simultaneously.
Embodiment 6
The soil runoff collecting device provided in embodiment 5 is carried out to the collection test of soil footpath flow liquid, the use of device is carried out according to the using method in embodiment 1, the collection of footpath flow liquid is being carried out southern 6-9 month in same place, 4 middle of the month have carried out 8 times to same place altogether and have measured, and period does not carry out any maintenance to device, result shows, this device can be good at collecting soil footpath flow liquid, filter the last sample liquid that obtains without any pollution, and footpath flow liquid filtration unit 7 is without any latch up phenomenon, can infer that the working service life-span of this device can reach more than 1 year from this use.
Claims (9)
1. a moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device, it is characterized in that, comprise runoff case (1), runoff inlet channel (2) and runoff case top cover (4), wherein runoff case top cover (4) is arranged at runoff case (1) top, runoff inlet channel (2) is arranged at the side wall upper part of runoff case (1), runoff case (1) bottom arranges in back taper and forms liquid storage district (3), the exterior lateral sides of runoff case (1) is welded with reinforcement (5), and the two bottom sides of runoff case (1) is provided with dismountable roller (6).
2. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, runoff case (1) is opened type water-tight vessel, and the inwall of runoff case (1) is with level scale.
3. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, runoff case (1) inside is provided with footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7), wherein inlet (71) is arranged at the top of footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7) side, inlet (71) is highly corresponding with runoff inlet channel (2), and the internal diameter of inlet (71) is greater than the external diameter of runoff inlet channel (2), flow liquid filtration unit (7) inside, footpath is provided with more than one filtering layer (72), opening (73) is staggeredly equipped with between adjacent filter layers, the bottom in footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7) is provided with supporting leg (8), the bottom in footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7) can pass through footpath flow liquid, runoff case (1) bottom is provided with cushion block (9), and cushion block (9) upper surface is level, and footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7) is positioned on cushion block (9).
4. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, filtering layer (72) is filtering membrane.
5. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the bottom in footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7) is filtering membrane.
6. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the filtering membrane of filtration unit (7) bottom is prepared from by with under type:
(1) by ethyl orthosilicate 0.5-2 part of components by weight percent, cellulose acetate 4-8 part, dacron 2-7 part, glass fibre 3-8 part, polyamide 3-8 part, stirs in stirring machine, obtains potpourri one;
(2) mixture one is proceeded in reactor, add acrylamide 2-5 part, paraffin 3-7 part, dibutyl phthalate 1-4 part, is warming up to 60-70 DEG C under nitrogen existent condition, stirs 20-30 minute, then 80-85 DEG C is warming up to, continue to stir 10-20 minute, be down to room temperature, obtain potpourri two;
(3) joining in potpourri two by diaminodiphenylmethane 0.5-2 part, is be warming up to 60-70 DEG C under the condition of 0.02-0.04MPa in vacuum tightness, and stir 15-20 minute, discharging, obtains potpourri three;
(4) potpourri three is joined in reflux, add absolute ethyl alcohol 80-100 part, add hot reflux 20-30 minute, obtain potpourri four;
(5) sodium bicarbonate 3-7 part is added in potpourri four, be uniformly mixed, and carry out spinning by hollow-fibre membrane spinning-drawing machine, wherein spinning temperature 20-30 DEG C, finished product is immersed in coagulating bath and is shaped into flat sheet membrane, wherein the proportioning of coagulating bath is take weight portion as the absolute ethyl alcohol of 50-80 part, 20-30 part water, the mixed liquor of 0.8-2 part triethylamine and 1-5 part ammonium sulfate;
(6) filter membrane finished product is obtained after the flat sheet membrane water cleaning after step (5) being shaped.
7. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, footpath flow liquid filtration unit (7) self is detachable, and on it, the center line of bottom surface is detachably left and right two parts.
8. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, runoff inlet channel (2) is the form of folding can be arranged at the side wall upper part of runoff case (1), wherein closing runoff inlet channel (2) when closing embeds in the sidewall of runoff case (1), and during unlatching, runoff inlet channel (2) stretches out the sidewall outside of runoff case (1).
9. moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, runoff case (1) is PVC material.
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| CN201510520025.9A CN105136524B (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device |
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| CN201510520025.9A CN105136524B (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2015-08-21 | A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device |
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| CN105136524B CN105136524B (en) | 2018-01-05 |
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| CN204043954U (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-12-24 | 南京中科水治理股份有限公司 | A kind of run in depth gathering-device |
| KR20150078216A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-07-08 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | A Earth and Sand Collection Unit for Monitoring Leaking Sand |
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| US5524495A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1996-06-11 | Vortox Company | Liquid sampling devices and method |
| CN1361411A (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2002-07-31 | 中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所 | Surface runoff measuring facility and method |
| CN101246093A (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2008-08-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition |
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| CN105136524B (en) | 2018-01-05 |
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