CN104964744A - High-resolution grating spectrometer structure for optical fiber communication - Google Patents
High-resolution grating spectrometer structure for optical fiber communication Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-resolution grating spectrometer structure for optical fiber communication comprises a monochromator light path and a wavelength scanning and positioning mechanism. The problems to be solved are that: the spectrometer structure is provided, wherein the light beam is diffracted for 4 times through the grating to achieve 0.02nm level resolution within the wavelength range of 1250nm-1650nm, and the open grating ruler is used as a wavelength positioning mechanism. The technical scheme for solving the problem is as follows: the optical fiber array is used as an emergent and incident slit, the collimating lens collimates and focuses light beams, the grating is used for light splitting, the right-angle prism is arranged in the prism support and used for reflecting light beams and selecting light, and the plane reflector is used for reflecting light beams. The wavelength scanning positioning mechanism comprises a prism support, a support rotating motor, a grating scale of the open grating scale and a grating scale reading head which generate wavelength positioning signals. The 4-pass grating monochromator optical path and the wavelength positioning mechanism thereof have the advantages of simple and compact structure, high spectral resolution, accurate and stable positioning mechanism, low price and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical fiber communication spectral analysis field, relate to optical element, system, be specifically related to a kind of monochromator light path and wavelength detent mechanism of high-resolution gration spectrometer.
Background technology
Optical fiber communication spectral analysis field requires that spectrometer has optical fiber input, and detection wavelength covers optical fiber communication frequency range, wavelength resolution high.The today simultaneously popularized gradually in optical fiber communication, also need reliably portable, the spectrometer product of cost-effective, so the design to spectrometer, particularly the design of monochromator light path design and wavelength precision positioning mechanism is had higher requirement.
Optical fiber communication spectrometer leading in the world at present, the how logical light path technology of many employings light beam Multiple through then out same grating improves wavelength resolution and reduces costs, as United States Patent (USP): the bilateral light path of US 6636306B2, US 5233405, and 4 of United States Patent (USP): US 6177992 B1, US 5886785 lead to light path design etc.Bilateral light path is 0.05nm rank in the spectral resolution that optical fiber communication wave band can reach, can not adaption demand, although and 4 logical light path resolution can reach 0.02nm rank, but device is various, light path is complicated, debug difficulties, so cost height enterprise, cost degradation demand can not be adapted to.
In addition, conventional spectrometers Wavelength scanning mechanism mostly is sine mechanism, or cam mechanism, and these scanning mechanism mechanical devices are complicated, installs difficulty, and sweep velocity is slow, and reliability is low.Motor and the rotary encoder of the exploitation of certain overseas enterprise form direct drive mechanism, although above-mentioned shortcoming can be overcome, but the wavelength accuracy of the nominal for reaching, wavelength scaling rotary encoder used must select the high sinusoidal coder exporting number, also need to grasp sinusoidal signal superelevation algorithm of subdivision or circuit design, 1024 lines that such as this enterprise just adopts/turn the subdivide technology that sinusoidal coder and 1024 segments every line, these technology rest in minority international major company hand, domestic grasp is few, and cost is very high, hinder the development of high-resolution spectroscopy with universal.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: the logical high resolution spectrometer monochromator light path of development light channel structure simple 4, and quick accurately reliable length scanning detent mechanism, to cost degradation be met simultaneously, be easy to the requirement of producing.
Technical solution of the present invention
The present invention includes: fiber array (1), collimation lens (2), grating (3), right-angle prism (4), prism bracket (5), motor (6), grating scale (7), grating ruler reading head (8) and plane mirror (9);
Described fiber array (1) is single-mode fiber array, two fiber end faces of fiber array (1) are respectively as the outgoing of spectrometer and entrance slit, require that these two fiber end faces are positioned on the focal plane of collimation lens (2), the mid point of Liang Ge end centre of optic fibre line is positioned at the focus of collimation lens (2), as shown in Figure 3;
The monochromatic collimated beam returned through 4 diffraction for directional light, and focuses on entrance slit by described collimation lens (2) by the diverging light of the exit slit outgoing of fiber array (1) collimation;
Described grating (3) is for diffraction light splitting, and grating surface normal is 70-80 ° of angle with the directional light collimated through collimation lens (2), is called grating incident angle, and the angle of diffraction of different wave length diffraction light is different, realizes light splitting function;
Described right-angle prism (4), for reflection of parallel beam, realizes repeatedly diffraction.Wavelength perpendicular to the directional light of right-angle prism (4) surface incidence in grating (3) first time diffraction light is the wavelength be scanned, in right-angle prism (4) rotary course, the light of all wavelengths impinges perpendicularly on right-angle prism (4) surface successively, realizes the length scanning function of spectrometer;
Described prism bracket (5) is the installing mechanism of right-angle prism (4) and grating scale (7), right-angle prism (4) is fixed on prism bracket (5) one end, and grating scale (7) adheres on another circular arc end face of prism bracket (5);
The rotating shaft of described motor (6) is fixedly connected with prism bracket, and effect is rotating prism support (5), makes right-angle prism (4) rotate scanning optical spectrum.The rotation center of prism bracket (5) is the spindle central of motor (6), is also the center of circle of the circular arc end face of prism bracket (5).
Described grating ruler reading head (8) is fixed on outside the circular arc end face rotation round of prism bracket (5), apart from circumference 0.5-1mm, grating scale (7) is bonded on prism bracket (5) circular arc end face, when prism bracket (5) rotates, make grating scale (7) close to the test surface of grating ruler reading head (8), when producing tangential displacement, grating ruler reading head (8) produces pulse, this pulse is strictly corresponding with the rotation angle increment of right-angle prism (4), for the demarcation of wavelength.
As shown in Figure 4, when right-angle prism (4) selects light within the scope of design wavelength, the test surface of grating reading head (8) all will produce tangential displacement with grating scale (7), all has wavelength position pulse to produce during such length scanning.When right-angle prism (4) rotates the wavelength diffractive region of grating (3), grating reading head (8) does not need to detect grating scale (7).
Directional light after 2 diffraction reflects back by described plane mirror (9), realizes the 3rd and the 4th diffraction.Two fiber end faces of described fiber array (1) are positioned at collimation lens (2) focus both sides and line center is focus above, according to geometric optical theory, the optical system that the exit slit of fiber array (1) forms through collimation lens (2) and plane mirror (9), the entrance slit of fiber array (1) must be imaged in, as shown in Figure 3.Even if add grating (3) and right-angle prism (4) to have carried out light splitting and light beam translation, reflection between collimation lens (2) and plane mirror (9), also can not affect this imaging process, this namely plane mirror (9) beam reflection can be returned the principle of entrance slit.
High-resolution gration spectrometer, the course of work comprises the following steps:
1st step: the outgoing optical fiber treating light signal incoming fiber optic array (1), from outgoing fiber end face, namely exit slit shines collimation lens (2), collimation lens (2) will treat that light signal collimation is for parallel input light oblique illumination is on grating (3), forms the 1st optical grating diffraction light splitting;
2nd step: after the 1st diffraction, different wavelengths of light is with different diffraction angle diffraction, form monochromatic collimated beam, when a certain wavelength light vertical irradiation is to right-angle prism (4), by right-angle prism (4) upwards translation be reflected back grating (3), form the 2nd diffraction, as shown in Figure 2.The incident angle of this wavelength the 2nd diffraction equals the angle of diffraction of the 1st diffraction, and therefore the angle of diffraction of the 2nd diffraction equals the incident angle of the 1st diffraction;
3rd step: the directional light through the 2nd diffraction is irradiated on plane mirror (9), incident light is reflected back on grating by plane mirror (9) again, form the 3rd diffraction, the incident angle of current diffraction is identical with the 1st diffraction with angle of diffraction;
4th step: through the 3rd diffraction directional light again vertical irradiation on right-angle prism (4), also grating (3) is again reflected back by right-angle prism (4) translation downwards, form the 4th diffraction, the incident angle of current diffraction equals the angle of diffraction of first time diffraction, therefore angle of diffraction equals the incident angle of first time diffraction, and through current translation, directional light has got back to again collimation lens (2) place plane, so the directional light of current diffraction is by directive collimation lens (2);
5th step: the directional light through 4 diffraction is irradiated on collimation lens (2), is collimated lens (2) and focuses on the entrance slit of incident optical array (1), namely complete the monochromator course of work.
6th step: the 2nd step is mentioned vertical irradiation and just can again be focused on entrance slit to the directional light of that wavelength of right-angle prism (4), and non-perpendicular light beam can not enter entrance slit.So when motor (6) drive lip mirror support (5) rotates, the wavelength vertical with right-angle prism (4) constantly changes, and the monochromatic light that monochromator is selected also changes, and this just completes the length scanning process of spectrometer;
7th step: when right-angle prism (4) rotates and selects light, test surface and the grating scale (7) of grating ruler reading head (8) have tangential relative displacement, every displacement slight distance, namely prism bracket (5) turns over a minute angle, and grating ruler reading head (8) produces an electric pulse.The angle step that this pulse turns over right-angle prism (4) is strictly corresponding, can be used for the Accurate Calibration to wavelength.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
1. adopt single-mode fiber array as outgoing and entrance slit; Adopt a collimation lens as beam collimation and concentrating element; Adopt level crossing as the reflecting element of higher diffraction; Adopt right-angle prism as scanning and reflecting element.While meeting high resolution proxy, device function reusability is high, and light path over all Integration degree is high, and mature and reliable reaches designing requirement;
2. using plane mirror and right-angle prism combination to realize 4 diffraction and length scanning, is important feature of the present invention;
3. prism bracket, motor, the length scanning scaling system of open grating scale and read head composition thereof is important feature of the present invention.Use commercially available general performance grating scale product just can meet wavelength scaling requirement, evade expensive encoder product and complicated subdivide technology.In addition, this design can make grating length of the scale shorter, also reduces cost.
On the whole; invention achieves the requirement that high resolution spectrometer is calibrated spectral resolution and high-accuracy wavelength; and device is few; reusability is high; be easy to Installation and Debugging; cost is low, is specially adapted to the miniature fiber communication spectrometer of large-scale production, and this development that is universal and optical fiber communication cause for spectrometer all has positive meaning.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is optical fiber communication high-resolution gration light path of optical spectrometer structure side view.
Fig. 2 is optical fiber communication high-resolution gration light path of optical spectrometer structure vertical view.
Fig. 3 is fiber array outgoing and input path schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is grating ruler reading head and grating scale relative displacement schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 ZEMAX exit slit face point range figure.
Fig. 6 is monochromator light path actual measurement sampling spectrogram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, optical fiber communication high-resolution gration spectrometer architecture provided by the invention, comprise: fiber array (1), collimation lens (2), grating (3), right-angle prism (4), prism bracket (5), motor (6), grating scale (7), grating ruler reading head (8) and plane mirror (9);
Two fiber end faces of described fiber array (1) as the outgoing of spectrometer and entrance slit, and are placed on the focal plane of collimation lens (2); Described grating (3) is for diffraction light splitting, and slant setting, in directional light light path, makes directional light with 75 ° of incident angles; Described prism bracket (5) is the installing mechanism of right-angle prism (4) and grating scale (7), right-angle prism (4) is fixed on prism bracket (5) one end, and the circular arc end face of prism bracket (5) other end is stained with grating scale (7); The rotating shaft of described motor (6) is fixedly connected with prism bracket, effect is rotating prism support (5), and then make right-angle prism (4) rotate scanning optical spectrum, and make relative grating ruler reading head (8) tangential displacement of grating scale (7) and produce wavelength position pulse, this position pulse is strictly corresponding with right-angle prism (4) rotation angle increment, for the demarcation of wavelength.Grating ruler reading head (8) is fixed in 1450mm wavelength the 1st diffraction direction, apart from the circular arc end face rotation round 0.5-1mm of prism bracket (5).The effect of described plane mirror (9) be by 2 diffraction after directional light reflect back along former road, realize the 3rd and the 4th diffraction.
If operating wavelength range 1250-1650nm, embodiment is as follows:
● fiber array (1) widespread use in many optical fibre devices, its fiber end face grinds into 8 ° of oblique angles to avoid reflection, core diameter about 9 microns, numerical aperture 0.13, fibre core 125 μm or 127 μm.
● collimation lens (2) adopts the infrared achromatic doublet of effective focal length 20mm, also can substitute with off axis paraboloidal mirror.
● grating (3) is ruling grating or holographic grating, line number 1050 lines per millimeter, and when incident angle 75 °, its 1250nm-1650nm wave band first-order diffraction angle is 20.278 ° and 50.047 ° respectively.
● plane mirror (9) is simple glass or aluminum catoptron, plated surface 1250-1650nm wavelength reflection film.
● right-angle prism (4) is K9 glass material ridge right-angle prism, inclined edge surfaces plating anti-reflection film, right-angle surface plating reflectance coating, length 60mm.
● prism bracket (5) is low-expansion coefficient metal material.
● motor (6) adopts brshless DC motor, and machine shaft is installed on apart from grating 58mm, locates, can reflect when guaranteeing that prism rotates to 1250-1650nm wavelength diffractive beam orthogonal with raster center normal angle 33.8 °.
● grating scale (7) chi is apart from 20 μm, and grating ruler reading head adopts 200 segmentation models, and make grating scale resolution reach 0.1 μm, these are open grating scale mature performance product.
Embodiment 1, ZEMAX simulating, verifying
Above-mentioned parameter is inputted ZEMAX and carry out simulating, verifying, Fig. 5 is 1250,1550 and 1650nm wavelength place respectively spacing 0.02,0.023 and the point range figure of 0.025nm wavelength at entrance slit place, in figure, circle is Airy disk, and according to Rayleigh criterion, hot spot is positioned at Airy disk radius outward for distinguishable, can find out, near 1250, resolution is 0.02nm, near 1550, resolution is 0.023nm, near 1650, resolution is 0.025nm, and resolution becomes large with wavelength, but be 0.02nm rank, meet light path design requirement.
Embodiment 2, experimental verification
Liang Ge end centre of optic fibre's point of fiber array (1) is placed on the focus of collimation lens (2), 1250nm-1650nm polychromatic light signal to be measured, from fiber array (1) exit slit outgoing, as Fig. 3, be irradiated on collimation lens (2), be collimated as diameter is about the secondary color directional light of 5mm; Secondary color directional light is irradiated to grating (3) surface with 75 ° of incident angles, and different wavelengths of light is by with different angle of diffraction diffraction, and angle of diffraction scope 20.278 ° to 50.047 °, forms each monochromatic collimated beam, completes the 1st diffraction light splitting.
Each monochromatic collimated beam will be irradiated on right-angle prism (4) along different diffraction direction, only be strictly perpendicular to right-angle prism (4) incident Na mono-road monochromatic light by right-angle prism (4) upwards translation and be reflected back grating (3) in strict accordance with 180 degree, form the 2nd diffraction light splitting.
2nd diffract incident angle equals the angle of diffraction of the 1st diffraction, therefore according to grating equation, 2nd time angle of diffraction is 75 °, light beam is looked in vertical view (Fig. 2) direction to project with first time diffracted beam and is overlapped, therefore plane mirror (9) is installed on collimation lens (2) side, be reflected back grating (3), form the 3rd diffraction, now incident angle is 75 °.
Light beam through the 3rd diffraction reflects and translation through right-angle prism (4) again, again incide grating (3) upper formation the 4th diffraction, this diffract incident angle equals the 1st Diffraction Diffraction angle, therefore angle of diffraction equals 75 °, and light beam gets back to collimation lens (2).And be placed in the focus of collimation lens (2) due to Liang Ge end centre of optic fibre's point of fiber array (1), two fiber end faces are not in collimation lens focus, therefore according to geometric optical imaging principle, the light beam getting back to collimating mirror (2) is focused onto on the incident optical end face of fiber array (1), this completes monochromatic light splitting.
Learnt by grating look distribution ability formula R=K*N, when K=1 (1 order diffraction), N (the total unit number of diffraction)=5mm/cos (75 °) × 1050 × 4, grating resolution is 1550nm/R=0.019nm.
20mm got by grating scale (7), can produce 20/0.0001=200000 pulse completely by time grating ruler reading head (8).
The center of circle of right-angle prism support (5) circular arc end is machine shaft, prism can reflect 1250-1650nm light effective angle scope when rotating is about 50.047 ° of-20.278 ° of ≈ 0.524 radians, therefore prism bracket arc tips radius R=20mm/0.524 ≈ 38.2mm;
Prism bracket (5) arc end radius 38.2mm; Grating scale (7) long 20mm, 200000 pulses can be produced in effective anglec of rotation, this meets spectral resolution 0.02nm rank spectrometer completely, wavelength position pulse precision 0.002nm, i.e. the demand of theoretical demand pulse (1250-1650)/0.002=200000.
The experimental system adopting said elements to build is verified, achieves the design requirement of wavelength positioning precision 0.002nm, spectral resolution 0.02nm in 1250-1650nm.Be illustrated in figure 6 monochromator light path input 1500-1700nmAES wide spectrum light source, export the monochromatic spectrogram of 1561.90nm, can find out that this monochromatic light half-power spectrum width is 0.023nm, namely represent the curve of spectrum using the sampling spectrum of this width can obtain resolution 0.023nm.
Claims (1)
1. an optical fiber communication high-resolution gration spectrometer architecture, hardware configuration of the present invention can be realized comprise: fiber array (1), collimation lens (2), grating (3), right-angle prism (4), prism bracket (5), motor (6), grating scale (7), grating ruler reading head (8), and plane mirror (9);
Described fiber array (1) is single-mode fiber array, and two fiber end faces of fiber array (1) are respectively as the outgoing of spectrometer and entrance slit, and these two fiber end faces are positioned on the focal plane of collimation lens (2);
The effect of described collimation lens (2) is directional light by the diverging light of the exit slit outgoing of fiber array (1) collimation, and focus on entrance slit by the monochromatic light returned through 4 diffraction;
Described grating (3) is for diffraction light splitting, and grating surface normal is 70-80 ° of angle with the directional light collimated through collimation lens (2), is called grating incident angle, and the angle of diffraction of different wave length diffraction light is different, realizes light splitting function;
Described right-angle prism (4), for reflection of parallel beam, realizes repeatedly diffraction, and rotating right-angle prism (4) carries out selecting light, realizes the length scanning function of spectrometer;
Described prism bracket (5) is the installing mechanism of right-angle prism (4) and grating scale (7), right-angle prism (4) is fixed on prism bracket (5) one end, and grating scale (7) adheres on another circular arc end face of prism bracket (5);
The rotating shaft of described motor (6) is fixedly connected with prism bracket, and effect is rotating prism support (5), makes right-angle prism (4) rotate scanning optical spectrum; The rotation center of prism bracket (5) is the spindle central of motor (6), is also the center of circle of the circular arc end face of prism bracket (5);
Described grating ruler reading head (8) is fixed on outside the circular arc end face rotation round of prism bracket (5), apart from circumference 0.5-1mm, grating scale (7) is bonded on prism bracket (5) circular arc end face, when prism bracket (5) rotates, make grating scale (7) close to grating ruler reading head (8) test surface produce tangential displacement time, grating ruler reading head (8) produces pulse, this pulse is strictly corresponding with the rotation angle increment of right-angle prism (4), for the demarcation of wavelength;
Directional light after 2 diffraction reflects back by described plane mirror (9), realizes the 3rd and the 4th diffraction.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106940291A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-11 | 天津大学 | High-resolution double grating monochromator light path device |
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| US5233405A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-08-03 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical spectrum analyzer having double-pass monochromator |
| CN101009519A (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2007-08-01 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A monitoring instrument for diffraction grating light signal with dual channel structure |
| JP2009216397A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-24 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | Spectrophotometer |
| CN201434727Y (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-31 | 合肥皖仪科技有限公司 | Rapid wavelength scanning mechanism |
| CN103453989A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-18 | 天津市德力电子仪器有限公司 | Grating spectrometer optical path structure for optical fiber communication |
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- 2015-07-01 CN CN201510377109.1A patent/CN104964744B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5233405A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-08-03 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Optical spectrum analyzer having double-pass monochromator |
| CN101009519A (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2007-08-01 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | A monitoring instrument for diffraction grating light signal with dual channel structure |
| JP2009216397A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-09-24 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | Spectrophotometer |
| CN201434727Y (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-31 | 合肥皖仪科技有限公司 | Rapid wavelength scanning mechanism |
| CN103453989A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2013-12-18 | 天津市德力电子仪器有限公司 | Grating spectrometer optical path structure for optical fiber communication |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106940291A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-11 | 天津大学 | High-resolution double grating monochromator light path device |
| CN106940291B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2020-02-07 | 天津大学 | High-resolution double-grating monochromator light path device |
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