CN1049112C - 牙齿脱敏组合物 - Google Patents

牙齿脱敏组合物 Download PDF

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CN1049112C
CN1049112C CN93101735A CN93101735A CN1049112C CN 1049112 C CN1049112 C CN 1049112C CN 93101735 A CN93101735 A CN 93101735A CN 93101735 A CN93101735 A CN 93101735A CN 1049112 C CN1049112 C CN 1049112C
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granule
tooth
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CN1077626A (zh
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J·L·思苯瑟
S·S·特思基
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Gillette Canada Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
    • A61K8/025—Explicitly spheroidal or spherical shape
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/43—Guanidines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8105—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8117—Homopolymers or copolymers of aromatic olefines, e.g. polystyrene; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
    • A61K2800/412—Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/60—Particulates further characterized by their structure or composition
    • A61K2800/65—Characterized by the composition of the particulate/core
    • A61K2800/654—The particulate/core comprising macromolecular material

Abstract

使过敏牙齿脱敏的组合物，含有有效量的带电荷聚合颗粒，以制剂形式用于病牙表面而使病牙脱敏。在把这种化合物用于病牙表面的方法中可以使用聚苯乙烯微粒。这种方法包括给病牙表面使用足够量的带电荷聚合颗粒来堵塞病牙的牙本质中暴露的小管。

Description

牙齿脱敏组合物
本发明涉及牙齿脱敏。
在一颗牙齿的牙本质部分一般含有管或小管，它们位于牙釉质和牙骨质内，从牙髓表面延伸到牙周表面。牙本质中这些小管的暴露是由于牙釉质的损失和/或伴随牙骨质损失的牙龈萎缩而造成的。这些暴露出的小管对外来刺激如热或冷的液体，或经常出现的由牙齿施加的机械性压力引起的过敏可产生部分反应，这已成为理论。
过敏性牙齿这个问题已经被充分认识到，并且现有技术已经提出了各种治疗方法。Pashley等的美国专利4,057,021描述了在病牙表面使用碱金属盐和草酸胺的水溶液使过敏牙脱敏。Kim的美国专利4,631,185和4,751,072描述了用钾盐治疗使牙齿脱敏。Ne-irinckx的美国专利4,990,327描述了用锶离子和氟化物离子脱敏牙齿。Mason的美国专利4,992,258描述了用含蒙脱石粘土的牙粉来脱敏牙齿。Lutz的美国专利4,011,309描述了一种脱敏牙粉组合物，该组合物含有柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠和非离子多元醇表面活性剂。Mlkvy等人的美国专利3,888,976和3,772,431描述了在泡腾漱口片剂中使用含有锌离子或锶离子的收敛剂和脱敏剂。Hodosh的美国专利3,863,006描述了用硝酸盐脱敏牙齿。Svajda的美国专利3,689,636描述了用氯化物盐溶液脱敏牙齿。Rosenthal的美国专利3,122,483描述了用锶离子脱敏牙齿。Scheller的美国专利4,634,589和4,710,372描述了用于治疗脱敏牙齿的含磷灰石颗粒的牙粉。
人们已经知道牙粉可含有使该牙粉增稠或着色的、或使该牙粉具有摩擦作用的颗粒。例如，在Scheller′589和′372中，牙粉中含有磷灰石颗粒来使牙齿表面变粗糙。还可参见Thuersson等人的美国专利3,226,297，(如，col.4，第34-43行)；Blunt的美国专利3,475,369(如col.12，第27-34行)； Patino等人的美国专利4,007,259(如，col.1，第30行)；Bossard的美国专利2,994,642(如，col.4，第40-60行)La Follette的美国专利3,357,950(如，col.1，第50-61行)；Adams的美国专利3,357,951(如，col.1，第49-61行)；Muhler的美国专利3,450,813；Watson的美国专利3,934,001；Naumann等人的美国专利3,978,206(如col.1，第39-57行)；Davis的美国专利4,102,992；和Humphries的美国专利4,963,347。
Jernberg的美国专利4,685,883描述了使用可生物降解的微球向牙龈的损伤部位输送化学治疗剂。
Dichter等人的美国专利3,956,480描述了用阴离子聚合物与阳离子杀菌剂如洗必太复合来治疗牙齿。
本发明提供了使过敏牙齿脱敏的组合物，该组合物含有有效量的带电荷聚合颗粒。
一方面，本发明描述了一种给过敏牙齿表面施用有效量的带电荷聚合颗粒使过敏牙齿脱敏的方法。这里所用的带电荷是指颗粒的平均表面电荷密度至少为0.5uc/cm2(微库仑/每平方厘米)，如电导滴定法所测量的。
另一方面，本发明描述了一种治疗牙齿的牙本质部位有暴露的小管的过敏牙齿的方法。该方法包括在病牙表面施用足够量的带电荷聚合颗粒来堵塞这些小管。
优选的颗粒平均粒度为0.01微米到3微米，更优选为0.2微米到0.6微米，并且平均表面电荷密度大于4um/cm2。更优选的颗粒是微球，并且平均表面电荷密度大于4uc/cm2。更优选的颗粒是微球，如聚苯乙烯微球。更优选的颗粒可选择性地具有抗菌剂(如洗必太)、止痛化合物(如巴比妥)或其他治疗物质(如防牙垢剂或防龋剂)，吸附于它的表面。优选的方法是，将过敏牙齿的表面磨光，在磨光面施用颗料扩散体至少1分钟。优选的方法是用一把含有这种颗粒的鬃毛牙刷将这种颗粒刷在牙齿上使用。
又一方面，本发明描述了一种将带电荷聚合微球用于牙齿表面来治疗过敏牙齿的方法。
再一方面，本发明描述了一种含有带电荷聚合微球的牙粉。
本发明提供了一种脱敏牙齿有效的直接方式。不局限于任何理论，可以确信本发明至少部分有效，因为带电荷颗粒粘到病牙表面，堵塞牙小管，使外部刺激如冷或热温度更难影响到牙髓神经。当一些堵塞牙小管的颗粒最后被洗出牙小管时，它们又很容易被另外施用的颗粒添满。
本发明的其它特征和优点通过对其最佳实施例和权利要求的描述将会显而易见。
图1是暴露于本发明颗粒前的牙本质表面的电子显微照片。
图2是暴露于本发明颗粒之后的图1表面的电子显微照片。
带电荷颗粒的平均直径优选小于0.6微米。较大的颗粒不适合于牙本质小管。
更优选的颗粒是平均直径大约为0.5微米的带正电荷的聚苯乙烯微球。这种微球由PorHand Oregon的Interfacial Dynamics Corp提供(商品号10-43-57)。可以确信为提供本发明的益处，应当把足够量的带电荷颗粒用于牙齿过敏区表面从而使这种带电颗粒阻塞牙本质中暴露的小管。本申请可采用各种方式实施。如用该颗粒的浓缩水分散体洗涤牙齿表面。一般来说，颗粒分散体越浓，牙齿表面需要洗涤的次数越少。下面是可用来使用这种颗粒的一般方法的例子。
首先将牙齿表面磨光。然后将牙齿表面暴露于更优选微球的水分散体(1.6×1010颗粒/毫升，PH4)中。把916ul优选的微球分散体(商品号10-43-57，Intorfacid Dynamics)用已过滤的双蒸馏的PH调至4的水释释至40ml，制成优选的分散体。然后将该分散体对牙齿表面振动5分钟。另一种方法是将牙齿表面暴露于一种水分散体的压力喷注下，如在约30Psi压力下20秒，或用微球饱和的鬃毛刷牙齿表面3分钟。当对一颗已从口腔中取下的牙治疗时，这些方法中的每种在用微球堵塞牙齿的牙本质中已露出的小管方面都是有效的，正如通过扫描电子显微镜所证实的。图1和2分别显示了暴露于一种0.489um正电荷聚苯乙烯微球的胶乳颗粒分散体中5分钟之前和之后的牙本质表面。暴露于该分散体前，牙本质中露出的小管是空的；暴露之后，它们基本上被分散体中存在的颗粒填充了。(图1和2都放大了5000倍)。
给牙齿使用该颗粒的另一种方法是用该颗粒的水分散体浸泡棉球，然后把棉球擦在已磨光的牙齿表面，最好擦一分钟或更短。
本发明还包括另一个实施例。如，用其他类型的带电荷微球代替聚苯乙烯微球。而且，这种微球可以包含在牙粉(牙膏)或漱口水中；当该牙粉或漱口水与牙齿表面接触时，微球将填进小管。可以使用这种方法，尤其是为了填充微球，这些微球预先堵塞在小管中，但是在某种程度上，在一般时间内微球又被洗出了小管。如果使用嗽口水，可以采用任何市售的喷水管器具加压使用。也可以这样使用微球，例如把它们包含在牙刷的鬃毛上或牙线上。虽然上面所给出的时间、压力和其它条件是实验室条件下得出的，但这些条件可以在需要时改变来使它们适应临床条件，使时间、压力等适于堵塞小管。有效的条件是容易被本领域技术人员确定的，例如通过测定患者的牙齿是否在治疗后仍然过敏。
另外，这种颗粒还可以有抗菌剂、止痛剂或其他治疗物质吸附在它的表面。这些颗粒不仅提供了本发明的脱敏益处而且还提供了抗菌益处或通过所选择的治疗剂所提供的其他益处。

Claims (10)

1.使过敏牙齿脱敏的组合物，其特征在于含有有效剂量的带电荷聚合颗粒，以制剂形式施涂于病牙表面使病牙脱敏，其中所说的颗粒平均直径为0.01微米到3微米，以及所说的颗粒平均表面电荷密度大于4μc/cm2。
2.按照权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于所说的颗粒平均直径为0.2微米到0.6微米。
3.按照权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于所说的颗粒是微球。
4.按照权利要求3的组合物，其特征在于所说的微球包括聚苯乙烯。
5.按照权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于所说的颗粒带正电荷。
6.按照权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于所说的颗粒含有吸附在其表面上的治疗剂。
7.按照权利要求6的组合物，其特征在于所说的治疗剂包括抗菌剂。
8.按照权利要求6的组合物，其特征在于所说的治疗剂包括止痛剂。
9.按照权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于所说的颗粒是含水分散体的形式。
10.按照权利要求1-10中任何一个组合物，其特征在于该组合物包括牙粉。
CN93101735A 1992-01-14 1993-01-14 牙齿脱敏组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1049112C (zh)

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US07/820,348 US5211939A (en) 1991-09-13 1992-01-14 Method for desensitizing teeth
US07/820,348 1992-01-14

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CN1077626A CN1077626A (zh) 1993-10-27
CN1049112C true CN1049112C (zh) 2000-02-09

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US (1) US5211939A (zh)
EP (1) EP0726756B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1049112C (zh)
AU (1) AU3469493A (zh)
CA (1) CA2127870C (zh)
DE (1) DE69332835T2 (zh)
MX (1) MX9300160A (zh)
WO (1) WO1993013748A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA93196B (zh)

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US5211939A (en) 1993-05-18
DE69332835T2 (de) 2003-12-11
EP0726756B1 (en) 2003-04-02
EP0726756A4 (zh) 1996-09-04
WO1993013748A1 (en) 1993-07-22
AU3469493A (en) 1993-08-03
CA2127870A1 (en) 1993-07-22
EP0726756A1 (en) 1996-08-21
CN1077626A (zh) 1993-10-27
DE69332835D1 (de) 2003-05-08
CA2127870C (en) 1998-10-13
ZA93196B (en) 1993-08-11

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