CN104741609A - Electron beam melting and cutting combined 3D printing equipment - Google Patents
Electron beam melting and cutting combined 3D printing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN104741609A CN104741609A CN201510149380.XA CN201510149380A CN104741609A CN 104741609 A CN104741609 A CN 104741609A CN 201510149380 A CN201510149380 A CN 201510149380A CN 104741609 A CN104741609 A CN 104741609A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment, and discloses electron beam melting and cutting combined 3D printing equipment. The combined 3D printing equipment comprises a box and an electron beam gun; a cavity is formed in the box and internally provided with a cutting structure, first Y-direction guide rails and a Y-direction moving table, the electron beam gun is provided with an emitting head formed in the cavity, a Z-direction moving table is arranged on the Y-direction moving table and provided with a powder laying structure, and the cutting structure is provided with a cutting head used for cutting a structural part formed by melting metal powder; a shielding case is arranged between the emitting head and the Z-direction moving table, the emitting head of the electron beam gun is inserted into an opening in the upper end of the shielding case, and an opening in the lower end of the shielding case is arranged to be aligned to the Z-direction moving table. When the electron beam gun carries out melting machining, generated high-temperature heat is limited in the shielding case, heat influence on other components in the cavity is reduced, the constant temperature in a cutting region is ensured, and stress deformation, caused by temperature changes, of the structural part in the forming process is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing device, particularly relate to electron beam melting and cut compound 3D printing device.
Background technology
Metal melting 3D printing technique (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) utilizes high brightness laser direct deposite metal dusty material, without the need to binding agent, goes out any parts with complex structures suitable with cast properties by 3D model straight forming.
Although metal melting 3D printing technique can mold the part reaching casting intensity rank, but the form error of the part molded is large, surface smoothness is not high, like this, part after shaping then needs to adopt traditional machining mode to carry out secondary operations to this, just can obtain the shape required by aeronautical manufacture industry and surface accuracy.
In prior art, adopt electron beam melting and cut compound 3D printing technique, metal melting and machining are combined with each other, electron beam melting and cutting compound 3D printing technique utilize great-power electronic bundle rifle direct motlten metal dusty material in vacuum chamber, without the need to binding agent, go out any parts with complex structures suitable with forging performance by 3D model straight forming, and, printing limit, limit is cut simultaneously, and the part surface figure accuracy that final molding is gone out directly can meet instructions for use.
But, because electron beam gun must use under vacuum conditions, and produce high temperature in forming process, like this, then cause larger restriction to the cutting way in vacuum environment, first, the high temperature produced during electron beam gun motlten metal powder can produce heat affecting to the miscellaneous part in vacuum cavity; Secondly, due to the variations in temperature in vacuum cavity, stress deformation can be produced to the constitutional detail in working angles.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide electron beam melting and cut compound 3D printing device, be intended to solve in prior art, electron beam gun is when motlten metal powder, in vacuum cavity, produce high temperature, heat affecting is caused to other parts of vacuum cavity and the constitutional detail of machining is produced to the problem of stress deformation.
The present invention realizes like this, electron beam melting and cutting compound 3D printing device, comprise casing and electron beam gun, there is in described casing the cavity in vacuum state, be provided with cutting structure, the first Y-direction guide rail in described cavity and be movably connected on described first Y-direction guide rail and along the Y-direction travelling carriage of the first Y-direction guide rail movement, described electron beam gun is located at outside described casing, and it has the outgoing head for penetrating electron beam, and described outgoing head is formed in described cavity; Described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with the Z-direction travelling carriage moved up and down relative to described Y-direction travelling carriage, and described Z-direction travelling carriage is provided with the paving powder structure for laying metal dust on described Z-direction travelling carriage; Described chip structure is positioned at the side of the outgoing head of described electron beam gun, and its constitutional detail had for being formed metal powders melt carries out the cutting head of machining; Radome is provided with between described outgoing head and described Z-direction travelling carriage, described radome is up-small and down-big shape, the inside of described radome has the cavity running through described radome upper and lower side, the outgoing head of described electron beam gun is plugged in the upper end open of described radome, the lower ending opening of described radome and described Z-direction travelling carriage alignment.
Further, the periphery of described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with the annular wall extending layout upward, and the upper end of described annular wall is formed with open area, the open area of described annular wall and the lower ending opening alignment of described radome.
Further, the lower end of described radome is connected to the upper end of annular wall.
Further, described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with driving element and is driven the Z-direction bar moved up and down by described driving element, and described Z-direction bar is connected with described Z-direction travelling carriage.
Further, described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with multiple Z-direction backstay, and the activity of described Z-direction backstay is located in Z-direction travelling carriage.
Further, multiple described Z-direction backstay is arranged around the periphery of described Z-direction bar.
Further, described Z-direction travelling carriage is provided with two described paving powder structures, and these two paving powder structures are arranged in parallel separately.
Further, described paving powder structure comprises and is arranged on above described Z-direction travelling carriage and the powder storehouse moved horizontally on described Z-direction travelling carriage, and the lower end in described powder storehouse is provided with the powder leakage hole bar spilt for metal dust.
Further, described cutting structure comprises described cutting head and for driving described cutting head at three axle moving structures of space movement.
Further, described three axle moving structures comprise Y-direction carriage release lever, X to movable block and Z-direction slip-on head, are provided with the second Y-direction guide rail in described cavity, described second Y-direction guide rail and described first Y-direction guide rail parallel, and are positioned at the top of described first Y-direction guide rail; Described Y-direction carriage release lever is movably connected on described second Y-direction guide rail, described Y-direction carriage release lever is provided with along described X to extending the X direction guiding rail arranged, described X is movably connected on described X direction guiding rail to movable block, described X is provided with to movable block and extends towards Z-direction the Z-direction guide rail arranged, described Z-direction slip-on head is movably connected on described Z-direction guide rail, and described cutting head is connected to described Z-direction slip-on head.
Compared with prior art, electron beam melting provided by the invention and cutting compound 3D printing device, paving powder structure is utilized to lay metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage, form metal powder layer, utilize the outgoing head injection electron beam of electron beam gun, melt-processed is carried out to the metal powder layer on Z-direction travelling carriage, to form constitutional detail, and, along with the movement of Y-direction travelling carriage, Z-direction travelling carriage is moved to the below of cutting structure, utilize the movement of cutting head in space of cutting structure, machining is carried out to constitutional detail on Z-direction travelling carriage, instructions for use is met to make the performances such as the surface accuracy of the constitutional detail processed, owing to being formed with shielding between the outgoing head and Z-direction travelling carriage of electron beam gun, like this, when electron beam gun carries out melt-processed at divergent bundle, its heat of high temperature produced is limited in radome, reduces the heat affecting to miscellaneous part in cavity, and, when utilizing cutting head to carry out machining, temperature constant in the region of guarantee machining, reduces in forming process, the stress deformation that variations in temperature produces constitutional detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electron beam melting that the embodiment of the present invention provides and the schematic perspective view cutting compound 3D printing device;
Fig. 2 is the electron beam melting that the embodiment of the present invention provides and the part isometric schematic diagram cutting compound 3D printing device;
Fig. 3 is the electron beam melting that the embodiment of the present invention provides and the part isometric schematic diagram cutting compound 3D printing device;
Fig. 4 is the schematic perspective view of the cutting structure that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, realization of the present invention is described in detail.
Shown in Fig. 4, it is preferred embodiment provided by the invention.
The electron beam melting that the present embodiment provides and cutting compound 3D printing device comprise casing 101, electron beam gun 103, cutting structure, the first Y-direction guide rail 106 and Y-direction travelling carriage 116, wherein, have the cavity in vacuum state in casing 101, the environment that vacuum state herein refers to cavity is 1 × 10
-1pa-1 × 10
-3pa, not in absolute vacuum state; Electron beam gun 103 is formed in outside casing 101, and electron beam gun 103 has the outgoing head for penetrating electron beam, this outgoing head is formed in the cavity of casing 101, and be positioned at the top of the first Y-direction guide rail 106, like this, ensure that the electron beam of electron beam gun 103 outgoing head injection can be formed in cavity; First Y-direction guide rail 106 is formed in cavity, and it is lateral arrangement; Y-direction travelling carriage 116 is movably connected on Y-direction guide rail, and can along the first Y-direction guide rail 106 transverse shifting; Y-direction travelling carriage 116 is provided with Z-direction travelling carriage 107, and this Z-direction travelling carriage 107 is formed on Y-direction travelling carriage 116, and relative to Y-direction travelling carriage 116, can move in the vertical; Cutting structure is positioned at the top of the first Y-direction guide rail 106, and is positioned at, and is positioned at the side of the outgoing head of electron beam gun 103; Cutting structure includes the cutting head 114 in space movement.
In the cavity of casing 101, also be provided with the paving powder structure for being laid on by metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, like this, pawnshop powder structure successively spreads metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, the outgoing head of electron beam gun 103 then successively penetrates electron beam, carries out melt-processed to the metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage 107.
The basic running of electron beam melting and cutting compound 3D printing device is as follows:
1), in paving powder structure, metal dust is loaded;
2), vacuumize, make the vacuum that the pressure in the cavity of casing 101 requires greatly;
3), utilize paving powder structure to carry out paving powder on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, metal dust forms metal powder layer on Z-direction travelling carriage 107;
4), utilize electron beam gun 103 to send electron beam, melt-processed is carried out to the metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage 107;
5), utilize the movement of Y-direction travelling carriage 116, make Z-direction travelling carriage 107 move to the below of cutting structure;
6) constitutional detail that cutting head 114 pairs of longitudinal shelf are formed, is utilized to carry out machining;
7), Y-direction travelling carriage 116 moves back to the below of electron beam gun 103 outgoing head, and the constitutional detail that on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, machining is good is also along with movement;
8), step 4 is repeated) to 7), until total part prints and machines;
9), the constitutional detail processed is taken out in the cavity of casing 101.
When electron beam gun 103 send electron beam melt-processed is carried out to the metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage 107 time, high temperature can be produced, in order to avoid the high temperature of this generation impacts surrounding environment, in the present embodiment, electron beam melting and cut compound 3D printing device and also comprise radome 102, this radome 102 in lower large shape up and down, and in there is the cavity running through radome 102 upper and lower side, form upper end open in the upper end of radome 102, form lower ending opening in the lower end of radome 102; Radome 102 is formed between the outgoing head of electron beam and Z-direction travelling carriage 107, and the outgoing head of electron beam is plugged in the upper end open of radome 102, and the lower ending opening of radome 102 and Z-direction travelling carriage 107 are just to layout.
The above-mentioned electron beam melting that provides and cut in compound 3D printing device, paving powder structure is utilized to lay metal dust on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, form metal powder layer, utilize the outgoing head injection electron beam of electron beam gun 103, melt-processed is carried out to the metal powder layer on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, to form constitutional detail, and, along with the movement of Y-direction travelling carriage 116, Z-direction travelling carriage 107 is moved to the below of cutting structure, utilize the movement of cutting head 114 in space of cutting structure, machining is carried out to constitutional detail on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, instructions for use is met to make the performances such as the surface accuracy of the constitutional detail processed.
Owing to being formed with radome 102 between the outgoing head and Z-direction travelling carriage 107 of electron beam gun 103, like this, when electron beam gun 103 carries out melt-processed at divergent bundle, its heat of high temperature produced is limited in, in radome 102, reducing the heat affecting to miscellaneous part in cavity, and, when utilizing cutting head 114 to carry out machining, temperature constant in the region of guarantee machining, reduces in forming process, the stress deformation that variations in temperature produces constitutional detail.
When electron beam gun 103 divergent bundle carries out melt-processed to metal dust, in order to the heat of high temperature limiting generation further leaks, in the present embodiment, the periphery of Y-direction travelling carriage 116 is provided with the annular wall 104 extending layout upward, this annular wall 104 is around the periphery of Y-direction travelling carriage 116, the upper end of annular wall 104 is formed with open area, the upper end of annular wall 104 and the lower end alignment of radome 102, and the upper end open alignment of the open area of annular wall 104 and radome 102, like this, under the restriction of annular wall 104, annular wall 104 forms complete enclosing region with radome 102 entirety, the heat of high temperature produced in enclosing region can be greatly reduced gush outwardly.
Particularly, the upper end of annular wall 104 abuts with the lower end of radome 102, like this, then form totally enclosed enclosing region, or, also can there is less gap between the two, to ensure that Y-direction travelling carriage 116 is when mobile, annular wall 104 can not cause interference with radome 102.
In the present embodiment, Y-direction travelling carriage 116 is connected with driving element 115, this driving element 115 is connected with Z-direction bar 109, this Z-direction bar 109 is connected with Z-direction travelling carriage 107, like this, driving element 115 moves up and down for driving Z-direction bar 109, and then Z-direction bar 109 can drive Z-direction travelling carriage 107 to move up and down.
After pawnshop powder structure lays layer of metal powder on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, electron beam gun 103 carries out melt-processed to this metal dust, after constitutional detail after cutting head 114 pairs of meltings carries out machining, Y-direction travelling carriage 116 moves reset, and Z-direction travelling carriage 107 is in the driving of driving element 115 and Z-direction bar 109, move down, again can lay metal dust above the constitutional detail processed to make paving powder structure.That is, along with constantly carrying out of processing, Z-direction travelling carriage 107 progressively moves down.
That is, often print after one deck, Z-direction travelling carriage 107 declines certain altitude, because forming part is fixed on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, all shaping complete after just can take off, therefore, Y-direction travelling carriage 116 must drive Z-direction travelling carriage 107 to move together.
In the present embodiment, driving element 115 is cylinders, and along with the driving of cylinder, 109, Z-direction bar moves up and down; Or as other embodiment, the structure moved up and down for driving Z-direction travelling carriage 107 can also be other multiple drives structure.
Particularly, Y-direction travelling carriage 116 is provided with multiple Z-direction backstay 108, the plurality of Z-direction backstay 108 is arranged separately, and activity is located in Z-direction travelling carriage 107, like this, along with moving up and down of Z-direction travelling carriage 107, this Z-direction backstay 108 can vertically move location to Z-direction travelling carriage 107.
The periphery that multiple Z-direction backstay 108 is looped around Z-direction bar 109 is arranged, or multiple Z-direction backstay 108 also can be other arrangements.
Paving powder structure comprises and is arranged on above Z-direction travelling carriage 107 and transportable powder storehouse, powder storehouse is moved along the direction parallel with Z-direction travelling carriage 107, namely move horizontally on Z-direction travelling carriage 107, and the lower end in powder storehouse is provided with powder leakage hole bar, like this, along with the movement in powder storehouse, the metal dust in powder storehouse then falls from powder leakage hole bar, and then forms metal powder layer on Z-direction travelling carriage 107.
In order to paving powder can be carried out more efficiently, in the present embodiment, above Z-direction travelling carriage 107, be provided with two above-mentioned paving powder structures, these two paving powder structures separately and be arranged in parallel, Job Operations separately between the two.
Or, as other embodiment, spread the structure that powder structure can also be other, as utilized the movement of scraper, metal dust etc. being laid by Z-direction travelling carriage 107, being not limited to the version in the present embodiment.
In the present embodiment, cutting structure comprises three axle moving structures and cutting head 114, wherein, three axle moving structures comprise Y-direction carriage release lever 111, X is to movable block 112 and Z-direction slip-on head 113, wherein, the second Y-direction guide rail is provided with at the cavity of casing 101, this the second Y-direction guide rail is positioned at the top of the first Y-direction guide rail 106, Y-direction carriage release lever 111 is movably connected on Y-direction guide rail, and can move along the second Y-direction guide rail, Y-direction carriage release lever 111 is arranged to extension in X, it is formed along X to extending the X direction guiding rail arranged, X is connected on X direction guiding rail to movable block 112, and can move along X direction guiding rail, X is provided with Z-direction guide rail to movable block 112, above-mentioned Z-direction slip-on head 113 is connected on Z-direction guide rail, and can move along Z-direction, above-mentioned cutting head 114 is connected on Z-direction slip-on head 113, like this, by Y-direction carriage release lever 111, X is to the movement of movable block 112 and Z-direction slip-on head 113, then can realize the movement of cutting head 114 in space.
Owing to using under vacuum conditions, therefore, guide rail interior lubrication will use vacuum environment lubricant grease, volatilizees under vacuum conditions to prevent common lubricant fat.
In the present embodiment, electron beam gun 103 comprises electron beam generator and coil, and in the outgoing head that coil is formed, the electron beam that electron beam sends, by the Magnetic control of coil, deflection of a beam of electrons does XY motion in the plane.
In the present embodiment, X is to, Y-direction and Z-direction, the direction as shown in the XYZ coordinate in figure, certainly, according in practice, the placement orientation of electron beam melting and cutting compound 3D printing device is different, and corresponding coordinate also can convert, and is not limited to the coordinate form in the present embodiment.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. electron beam melting and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, comprise casing and electron beam gun, there is in described casing the cavity in vacuum state, be provided with cutting structure, the first Y-direction guide rail in described cavity and be movably connected on described first Y-direction guide rail and along the Y-direction travelling carriage of the first Y-direction guide rail movement, described electron beam gun is located at outside described casing, and it has the outgoing head for penetrating electron beam, and described outgoing head is formed in described cavity; Described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with the Z-direction travelling carriage moved up and down relative to described Y-direction travelling carriage, and described Z-direction travelling carriage is provided with the paving powder structure for laying metal dust on described Z-direction travelling carriage; Described chip structure is positioned at the side of the outgoing head of described electron beam gun, and its constitutional detail had for being formed metal powders melt carries out the cutting head of machining; Radome is provided with between described outgoing head and described Z-direction travelling carriage, described radome is up-small and down-big shape, the inside of described radome has the cavity running through described radome upper and lower side, the outgoing head of described electron beam gun is plugged in the upper end open of described radome, the lower ending opening of described radome and described Z-direction travelling carriage alignment.
2. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 1 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, the periphery of described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with the annular wall extending layout upward, the upper end of described annular wall is formed with open area, the open area of described annular wall and the lower ending opening alignment of described radome.
3. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 2 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, the lower end of described radome is connected to the upper end of annular wall.
4. the electron beam melting as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with driving element and is driven the Z-direction bar moved up and down by described driving element, and described Z-direction bar is connected with described Z-direction travelling carriage.
5. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 4 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, described Y-direction travelling carriage is provided with multiple Z-direction backstay, and the activity of described Z-direction backstay is located in Z-direction travelling carriage.
6. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 5 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, multiple described Z-direction backstay is arranged around the periphery of described Z-direction bar.
7. the electron beam melting as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, described Z-direction travelling carriage is provided with two described paving powder structures, and these two paving powder structures are arranged in parallel separately.
8. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 7 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, described paving powder structure comprises and is arranged on above described Z-direction travelling carriage and the powder storehouse moved horizontally on described Z-direction travelling carriage, and the lower end in described powder storehouse is provided with the powder leakage hole bar spilt for metal dust.
9. the electron beam melting as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 and cut compound 3D printing device, is characterized in that, described cutting structure comprises described cutting head and for driving described cutting head at three axle moving structures of space movement.
10. electron beam melting as claimed in claim 9 and cutting compound 3D printing device, it is characterized in that, described three axle moving structures comprise Y-direction carriage release lever, X to movable block and Z-direction slip-on head, the second Y-direction guide rail is provided with in described cavity, described second Y-direction guide rail and described first Y-direction guide rail parallel, and be positioned at the top of described first Y-direction guide rail; Described Y-direction carriage release lever is movably connected on described second Y-direction guide rail, described Y-direction carriage release lever is provided with along described X to extending the X direction guiding rail arranged, described X is movably connected on described X direction guiding rail to movable block, described X is provided with to movable block and extends towards Z-direction the Z-direction guide rail arranged, described Z-direction slip-on head is movably connected on described Z-direction guide rail, and described cutting head is connected to described Z-direction slip-on head.
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| CN201510149380.XA CN104741609B (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | Electron beam melting and cutting combined 3D printing equipment |
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| CN201510149380.XA CN104741609B (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | Electron beam melting and cutting combined 3D printing equipment |
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| CN104741609B CN104741609B (en) | 2017-05-03 |
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| CN110328363A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-10-15 | 河北敬业增材制造科技有限公司 | A kind of electron beam powder rapid forming system |
| RU2750603C1 (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-06-29 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает ФОНД ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ | Apparatus for production of parts using additive-subtractive-hardening technology |
| CN112475321A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-03-12 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Large EBSM equipment based on auxiliary preheating system |
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