CN1047256C - 电路断路器 - Google Patents

电路断路器 Download PDF

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CN1047256C
CN1047256C CN91102771A CN91102771A CN1047256C CN 1047256 C CN1047256 C CN 1047256C CN 91102771 A CN91102771 A CN 91102771A CN 91102771 A CN91102771 A CN 91102771A CN 1047256 C CN1047256 C CN 1047256C
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circuit
breaker
drive unit
circuit breaker
contact head
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CN1056374A (zh
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罗伯特·莫雷尔
马克·雷瓦尔
休伯特·加西亚
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Schneider Electric SE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/50—Means for detecting the presence of an arc or discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2418—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism
    • H01H2071/2427—Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism with blow-off movement tripping mechanism, e.g. electrodynamic effect on contacts trips the traditional trip device before it can unlatch the spring mechanism by itself
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H2077/025—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with pneumatic means, e.g. by arc pressure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes

Abstract

本发明推出了一种具有铸造外壳(10)的限流断路器。该断路器有一个过压驱动器(26、27)，当在接触头(11、12)的电动斥力所拉出的电弧的作用下电弧熄灭室(13)中产生过压时，过压驱动器(26、27)通过受到该过压作用的活塞(26)驱动断路器的跳闸杆(23)。该过压驱动器是一个几乎密封的组件。

Description

电路断路器
本发明与具有铸造外壳的电路断路器有关。电路断路器每个极(pole)有一对依靠弹性迫使在断路器闭合位置上进行接触的接触头。当流过这对接触头的电流超过一预定门限时，这对接触头就会由于电动斥力的作用而分开，从而限制了该电流。所述跳闸装置有一个过载和/或短路故障检测器，如果发生故障，它就启动断路器的自动断开操作机构动作。
一种处于工程应用状态的上述电路断路器(美国专利US-A-3,631,369)有一个做成双金属片的可动闸刀，它受电磁跳闸装置的控制。闸刀的延伸部分伸入到电孤熄灭室的排气导管内。在断路时，气流将闸刀推到跳闸位置。在大多数的断路器中，排气导管离跳闸装置较远，因此上述装置就不能适用。由于闸刀受到气体的污染，很快就不能准确工作。每个极必需装有一个这种类型的跳闸装置，并且跳闸的选择性也是不可想象的，因为在这种热力或磁力的跳闸装置中采用了对气流作出反应的执行器。
本发明的目的是通过采取简单、通用、可靠的措施来获得一种既具限流跳闸又有跳闸选择能力的电路断路器。
根据本发明，提供了一种单极或多极电路断路器，所述电路断路器具有铸造外壳，该断路器包括一个电弧熄灭室、一对安装在所述电弧熄灭室内的接触头、一个迫使这对接触头处于闭合位置的弹性装置、所述接触头能在通过的电流超过一预定门限时所产生的电动斥力的作用下分开，形成对所述电流的限制，一个使所述接触头断开和闭合的操作机构、一个驱动所述操作机构的过载和/或短路故障跳闸装置和一个驱动装置，其特征在于所述驱动装置由一个密封组件形成，该组件有一根与所述电弧熄灭室相通的导管和一个受所述导管所传输的气压的作用在该气压超过一预定门限时驱动所述操作机构的压力致动装置。
最好所述电弧熄灭室是部分密封的，并且含有一对所述接触头和去电离板。
最好所述驱动装置有一个受所述气压作用的活塞或膜片和一个作用在所述活塞或膜片上的压迫回动装置，由于所述活塞或膜片的运动使所述断路器的操作机构启动，而压迫回动装置用来避免由于单次过载或其它断路器断开短路时而引起的误驱动。
最好所述的电路断路器是多极电路断路器，并且每个极都有一个驱动装置配合工作，使得在任何一个所述极中的气压超过所述门限时该多极断路器断开。
所述驱动装置有一个受所述气压作用、为各极共用的可动部件和装有一个止回装置、将所述可动部件与各极电孤熄灭室连通的导管。
最好所述的电路断路器有一个各极共用、通过装有一个止回阀的导管，而所述可动部件连至该集气管上。
最好所述故障跳闸装置有一个流过电流的热敏器件和/或电磁元件和一根受所述器件和所述驱动装置作用的跳闸杆，所述故障跳闸装置的动作滞后于所述驱动装置，以便提供跳闸选择能力。
从下面对本发明的一个例示性实例的说明中可以更清楚地看出一些其它的优点和特征，给出的只是非限制性的例子，示于下列附图中：
图1为装有一个本发明所提出的过压驱动器的断路器中一个极的轴向剖视图；
图2为图1所示过压驱动器的放大视图；
图3为与三极断路器协同动作的过压驱动器的原理图；
图4为与一个固态跳闸装置的极化继电器协同动作的过压驱动器的原理性剖视图；
图5示出了一些跳闸特性的变化曲线。
由图1可见，铸壳断路器的一个极具有一对位于装有一些去电离板14的电弧熄灭室13内的接触头11、12。电弧熄灭室13被一些隔壁15隔开可动接触头12的接触臂16穿过其中一块隔壁。电孤熄灭室13几乎是密封的，通过一个小截面的通道17与铸壳10的外面相通。可动接触臂16安装在操作机构19的一根梁18上，可以绕枢轴转动。操作机构19有一个手动打开和闭合接触头11、12的把手20和一个控制机构19跳闸的锁栓21。由于弹簧22的作用，可动接触头12偏置在闭合位置上，然而在流过接触臂16和接触头11、12的电流所产生的电动斥力的作用下可动接触头12能够绕枢轴逆时针转动。锁栓21受一个断路器不同的几个极所公用的跳闸杆23的控制。断路器有一个带有一个热敏元件24的标准跳闸装置和一个电磁元件25，这二个都对跳闸杆23起作用。这种类型的断路器对于从事该技术的人员来说是十分熟悉的，因此不需在此作详细的说明。要提一下的是，在发生短路时，接触头11、12的斥力克服了弹簧22的力使接触头11、12高速断开，限制了短路电流。由于电磁跳闸装置25的动作通过跳闸杆23加到锁栓21上打开操作机构19，确保了断开接触头11、12。
按照本发明，断路器有一个由与跳闸杆23协同动作的活塞26和气缸27组件组成的过压驱动器。图2示出了更为详细的情况，由图2可见，装在气缸27内可以滑动的活塞26上装有一根能撞击跳闸杆23的活塞棒28。回动弹簧29使活塞26保持在图2所示的缩入位置上。活塞26上与活塞棒28相背的那个面受到气室30内气压的作用，气室30经导管31与电弧熄灭室13相通。在图1所示的例子中，导管31在去电离板14附近的电孤熄灭室13上开口，但由于该室内的气压几乎瞬时就可达到均匀，因此在电孤熄灭室的任何点上都能获得增压情况。
从以上的说明中可以导出本发明所推出的断路器的工作情况。当接触头11、12由于短路而断开时，在这二个接触头之间所出现的电弧使电弧熄灭室13内的气体得到加热，从而气压升高(程序直接与电孤能量有关)。这个气压的升高由导管31传送到气30，当过压超过回动弹簧29的力时，活塞26就向左滑动，驱动跳闸杆23使跳闸机构19打开，从而确保这二个接触头分开。强电流的电弧检测十分迅速，然而对于正常断路即弱电流情况来说，过压驱动器就很难会动作，因为电弧熄灭室13内所产生的过压这时候并不足以克服回动弹簧29的力。这同一根弹簧29还使在流过相同短路电流的二个不同额定值的断路器之间的选择性可以达到，因为增高的气压不如断路器独自断开时那么大。
断路器可以是多极的，在这种情况下每个极可以装有各自的过压驱动器，来推动跳闸杆23。出现短路时，负载最大的极由于其电弧熄灭室13内气压的增高而跳闸，这使断路器的各极全都断开。
从图3所示的本发明的一个优选实例可见，三极断路器的三个极P1、P2、P3通过导管31与集气管32相通，而集气管32连到过压驱动器的气室30。导管31进至集气管32的管口都装有一个止回阀33，该阀可以将管口堵住，防止气体从一个极流入另一个极。在图3所示的实例中，第一个极P1的电弧熄灭室中的气压增高得最快，该气压通过导管31、集气管32传递到过压驱动器，止回阀33被打开。其它二个极P2、P3由于相P3由于相应的止回阀33被关闭而与集气管32隔离，驱动装置保持基本密封。
本发明可以用到具有固态跳闸装置的断路器中，固态跳闸装置用一些电流互感器来检测过载或短路故障。这些电流互感器将一个信号加到一个电子处理装置上。当超过预定门限时，电子处理装置就向一个极化继电器34发出跳闸命令。由图4可见，极化继电器34有一根芯杆35，永久磁铁36使芯杆35保持在缩入位置，而弹簧37将芯杆35偏置到通过推杆38使跳闸杆23工作的位置。跳闸命令传送线圈39，使它释放芯杆35。过压驱动器靠近极化，靠近极化继电器34，而活塞杆28朝向跳闸杆23，在出现过压时驱动跳闸杆23。跳闸杆23上装有一个能与推杆38的端部后表面协同工作的挡板40，挡板40与推杆头之间的间隙“j”足以使得跳闸杆23在过压驱动器26、27的作用下运动而不致引起继电器34的芯杆35运动。这个挡板40在机构19已经跳闸后使极化继电器34释放。
具有固态跳闸装置的断路器工作过程本质上与上述具有标准跳闸装置的断路器相同。在这二种情况中，过压驱动器的高速动作允许跳闸装置根据故障动作可以有一个小的延时，这个延时可以简单地由电磁跳闸装置和跳闸杆之间的间隙或由极化继电器34和其跳闸杆23之间的间隙来保证。也可以采用任何其它延时装置，如转子型(runner type)。
图5中的这些曲线示出了本发明的电路断路器的工作情况。曲线“a”示出了短路时可动接触头12由于受到电动斥力离开接触头11的距离。曲线“b”示出了接触头11、12断开时电孤电压的变化。曲线“c”为假设的短路电流的增长情况，而曲线“d”则表示由于接触头11、12的电动斥力电流受到限制的情况。曲线“e”示出了电弧熄灭室13内的气压变化情况。在时间“t1”发生接触头11、12分离，在时间“t2”过压驱动器打开机构19从而断开了断路器的三个极，确保了由于电动斥力而引起的接触头断开状态。一个直径为10毫米的活塞26就可以得到完全足够的力来驱动跳闸杆23。尺寸这么小的活塞可十分容易地装入铸造外壳10内，而小截面的导管31可以在电弧熄灭室13的任何位置上检出气压。电孤熄灭室13并不需要再有其它密封措施，只要具有一般密封性就能充分保证获得必需的过压。该组合非常简单，并且通过使用一些尺寸合适的回动弹簧可以获得所需的选择性。

Claims (7)

1．一种电路断路器，所述电路断路器具有铸造外壳(10)，该断路器包括一个电弧熄灭室(13)、一对安装在所述电孤熄灭室(13)内的接触头(11、12)、一个迫使这对接触头处于闭合位置的弹性装置(22)、所述接触头(11、12)能在通过的电流超过一预定门限时所产生的电动斥力的作用下分开，形成对所述电流的限制，一个使所述接触头断开和闭合的操作机构(19)、一个驱动所述操作机构(19)的过载和/或短路故障跳闸装置和一个驱动装置，其特征在于所述驱动装置由一个密封组件形成，该组件有一根与所述电弧熄灭室(13)相通的导管(31)和一个受所述导管(31)所传输的气压的作用在该气压超过一预定门限时驱动所述操作机构(19)的压力致动装置。
2．根据权利要求1所述的电路断路器，其特征在于所述电弧熄灭室(13)是部分密封的，并且含有一对所述接触头(11、12)和去电离板(14)。
3．根据权利要求1所述的电路断路器，其特征在于所述驱动装置有一个受所述气压作用的活塞(26)或膜片和一个作用在所述活塞(26)或膜片上的压迫回动装置(29)，由于所述活塞(26)或膜片的运动使所述断路器的操作机构(19)启动，而压迫回动装置(29)用来避免由于单次过载或其它断路器断开短路时而引起的误驱动。
4．一种根据权利要求1所述的电路断路器，其特征在于所述的电路断路器是多极电路断路器，并且每个极都有一个驱动装置配合工作，使得在任何一个所述极中的气压超过所述门限时该多极断路器断开。
5．根据权利要求4所述的电路断路器，其特征在于所述驱动装置有一个受所述气压作用、为各极共用的可动部件和装有一个止回装置(33)、将所述可动部件与各极电弧熄灭室(13)连通的导管(31)。
6．根据权利要求5所述的电路断路器，其特征在于有一个各极共用、通过装有一个止回阀(33)的导管(31)，而所述可动部件连至该集气管(32)上。
7．根据权利要求1所述的电路断路器，其特征在于所述故障跳闸装置有一个流过电流的热敏器件(24)和/或电磁元件(25)和一根受所述器件(24、25)和所述驱动装置作用的跳闸杆(23)，所述故障跳闸装置的动作滞后于所述驱动装置，以便提供跳闸选择能力。
CN91102771A 1990-05-04 1991-05-03 电路断路器 Expired - Fee Related CN1047256C (zh)

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TW208756B (zh) 1993-07-01
JPH04229524A (ja) 1992-08-19
PT97556A (pt) 1993-05-31
JP3004387B2 (ja) 2000-01-31
EP0455564B1 (fr) 1995-06-21
ZA913343B (en) 1992-02-26
CA2040863C (en) 2000-06-13
DE69110540D1 (de) 1995-07-27
DE69110540T2 (de) 1996-02-29
US5103198A (en) 1992-04-07
FR2661776A1 (fr) 1991-11-08
FR2661776B1 (fr) 1996-05-10
EP0455564A1 (fr) 1991-11-06

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