CN104553102A - Ultrahigh-temperature gradient heat insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-temperature gradient heat insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104553102A CN104553102A CN201510020962.8A CN201510020962A CN104553102A CN 104553102 A CN104553102 A CN 104553102A CN 201510020962 A CN201510020962 A CN 201510020962A CN 104553102 A CN104553102 A CN 104553102A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrahigh-temperature gradient heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The ultrahigh-temperature gradient heat insulation material comprises an ultrahigh-temperature heat insulation material layer which is positioned at one high-temperature side, a phase-change heat absorbing insulation material layer positioned at the outer side of the ultrahigh-temperature heat insulation material layer, a medium-temperature heat insulation layer positioned at the outer side of the phase-change heat absorbing insulation material layer, a low-temperature heat insulation layer positioned at the outer side of the medium-temperature heat insulation layer, and radiating shielding layers which are respectively arranged between two adjacent layers of the ultrahigh-temperature heat insulation material layer, the phase-change heat absorbing insulation material layer, the medium-temperature heat insulation layer and the low-temperature heat insulation layer and positioned at the outer side of the low-temperature heat insulation layer; the radiating shielding layers are used for resisting radiation; the layers are integrally combined. The ultrahigh-temperature gradient heat insulation material has the characteristics of being resistant to ultrahigh temperature and long in service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat-barrier material technical field, particularly relate to a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of aeronautical and space technology, thermal protection system and material have become one of most important key technology of restriction aircraft research and development success.Along with improving constantly of flight Mach number; more and more higher to the requirement of the serviceability temperature of thermally protective materials; during work; more than the temperatures as high 2000K of outer wall of combustion chamber; in order to protect the electronic equipment of engine metal housing and periphery thereof; the loose consumption simultaneously reducing heat and the obvious infrared signal feature brought thereof, outer wall of combustion chamber adopts superhigh temperature heat-barrier material to carry out thermal protection.
Existing rocket engine Thermal Protective material used, be generally Graphite cloth/phenolic aldehyde, carbon cloth/phenolic aldehyde, high silica cloth/phenolic aldehyde, glass cloth/phenolic aldehyde, heat insulation layer material is often the phenolic aldehyde that strengthens of glass fibre, high silica or asbestos or epoxy resin, and asbestos or silica-filled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and ternary the third rubber etc.But this type of Thermal Protective material heatproof is lower.
Along with the development of aeronautical and space technology, the more high-grade thermally protective materials of heatproof develops gradually, wherein ZrC/ aeroge and resinous polymer laminated composite materials heatproof higher, but this material has the long-time shortcoming using heat-proof quality to decline.Have employed zirconia class material in addition, but this material has the more serious shortcoming of radiant heat transfer under high temperature.
As can be seen here, existing thermally protective materials heatproof is low, and be about 1800-2000K, service time is short, about tens seconds to about 400 seconds, can not meet high-speed aircraft High Mach number, fly needs for a long time.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof, and main purpose improves heatproof temperature, extends working time.
For achieving the above object, the present invention mainly provides following technical scheme:
On the one hand, embodiments provide a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material, comprising:
Superhigh temperature insulation material layer, it is positioned at high temperature side;
Decalescence insulation material layer, is positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer;
Middle temperature thermal insulation layer, is positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer;
Low temperature thermal insulation layer, is arranged in the outside of warm thermal insulation layer;
Radiation shield, is located at superhigh temperature insulation material layer, decalescence insulation material layer respectively, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer adjacent two layers and be located at the outside of low temperature thermal insulation layer, described radiation shield is used for blocks infrared radiation;
Above-mentioned each layer is complex as a whole.
As preferably, the material of described superhigh temperature insulation material layer is carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, carbon fiber felt or ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials.
As preferably, the material of described decalescence insulation material layer is warm phase-change material in nickel fluoride high temperature phase change material (pcm), magnesium fluoride phase-change material or carbonate.
As preferably, the material of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, mullite fiber heat-barrier material, quartz fibre heat-barrier material, calcium silicate thermal insulation material or high silica fiber heat-barrier material.
As preferably, the material of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, rock wool or super glass wool.
As preferably, the material of described radiation shield is molybdenum foil, aluminium foil, graphite paper or goldleaf.
As preferably, described superhigh temperature heat-barrier material layer thickness is 2-20mm; The thickness of described decalescence insulation material layer is 2-10mm; The thickness of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-30mm; The thickness of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-40mm; The thickness of described radiation shield is 0.01-0.5mm.
As preferably, bonded by adhesive between described each layer, be then complex as a whole by pressure forming and high-temperature process.
As preferably, described adhesive is selected from warm binding agent in aluminum phosphate system adhesive, chrome-alumina phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant, Alumina gel system adhesive and Ludox system.
As preferably, between described superhigh temperature insulation material layer to decalescence thermal insulation layer, high-temperature agglomerant is adopted to connect; Warm binding agent bonding in adopting between decalescence thermal insulation layer to outermost radiation shield.
On the other hand, embodiments provide a kind of preparation method of any one superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material above-mentioned, comprise the steps:
According to applied environment, heat transfer theory is utilized to determine concrete material and the thickness of each insulation material layer;
Each insulation material layer of respective thickness is prepared according to the material determined;
Adopt adhesive to couple together each insulation material layer, be then complex as a whole by pressure forming and high-temperature process, obtain the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature.
As preferably, the step that each insulation material layer is complex as a whole is as follows:
Adopt and brush or spraying, coated with adhesive between the layers;
Pressure-formed pressure limit is between 0.1MPa ~ 5MPa, and the temperature of high-temperature process is between 50 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C, and the processing time is 2h ~ 24h.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material heatproof 2300-2500K of the embodiment of the present invention.Protection can reach 2500 seconds service time.The present invention is with short production cycle, within about 2 ~ 3 weeks, can complete selection, preparation and shaping.Superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material raw-material range of choice under ultra-high temperature condition of the embodiment of the present invention is wider.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.In the following description, the not necessarily same embodiment that different " embodiment " or " embodiment " refers to.In addition, special characteristic, structure or feature in one or more embodiment can be combined by any suitable form.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material, structure is as follows:
Superhigh temperature insulation material layer 1, it is positioned at high temperature side;
Decalescence insulation material layer 2, is positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer 1;
Middle temperature thermal insulation layer 3, is positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer 2;
Low temperature thermal insulation layer 4, is arranged in the outside of warm thermal insulation layer 3;
Radiation shield 5, be located at superhigh temperature insulation material layer 1, decalescence insulation material layer 2 respectively, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer 3 and low temperature thermal insulation layer 4 adjacent two layers, and be located at the outside of low temperature thermal insulation layer 4, radiation shield 5 is for blocks infrared radiation;
Above-mentioned each layer is complex as a whole.
The combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention is considered the requirement intercepting hull-skin temperature low temperature higher than the high temperature of 2200 DEG C of inside, the side of contact temperature end is set to the superhigh temperature insulation material layer of the high temperature that can withstand 2200 DEG C, enables the temperature outside it be down to less than 1000 DEG C.By the arranged outside decalescence insulation material layer at superhigh temperature insulation material layer, temperature is reduced rapidly, the insulation material layer arranging lower heatproof so again can realize the effect of heat insulation to superhigh temperature.And effectively intercept infra-red radiation by arranging radiation shield.Be complex as a whole by multiple insulation material layer in the embodiment of the present invention and form new heat-barrier material, the heat resistance different by each layer and thermal conductivity, reach both high temperature resistant on the whole, have again low average conduction, meet overall insulation requirement.Wherein superhigh temperature insulation material layer heatproof reaches 3000 DEG C; Decalescence insulation material layer heatproof is below 2000 DEG C; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer heatproof is below 2000 DEG C; Low temperature thermal insulation layer heatproof is below 1400 DEG C.Like this, outer field insulation material layer just has more alternative.
Embodiment 1
According to applied environment, heat transfer theory is utilized to determine concrete material and the thickness of each insulation material layer; Each insulation material layer of respective thickness is prepared according to the material determined; Adopt adhesive to couple together each insulation material layer, obtain the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature.
Each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of the superhigh temperature determined by above-mentioned steps and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts magnesium fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 2mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 15mm; Radiation shield material therefor is molybdenum foil, and thickness is 0.02mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Alumina gel low temperature bonding to bond.Wherein binding agent adopts and brushes or spraying.Adopt pressurization and high-temperature processing technology to be integrated by Material cladding, be then shaped in the pressure power of 0.1MPa ~ 5MPa, carry out high-temperature process after shaping at the temperature of 50 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C, the processing time is 2h ~ 24h.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: the thickness of superhigh temperature insulation material layer is 2mm; The thickness of decalescence insulation material layer is 10mm; The thickness of middle temperature thermal insulation layer is 30mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 40mm; Radiation shield material therefor is aluminium foil, and thickness is 0.01mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Ludox low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts nickel fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 10mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is mullite fiber heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm; Radiation shield material therefor is goldleaf, and thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Alumina gel low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts magnesium fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 15mm; Radiation shield material therefor is molybdenum foil, and thickness is 0.025mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Alumina gel low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber felt, and thickness is 10mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts carbonate phase-change material, and thickness is 10mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is quartz fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is rock wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm; Radiation shield material therefor is graphite paper, and thickness is 0.2mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Ludox low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials, and thickness is 10mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts magnesium fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is calcium silicate thermal insulation material, and thickness is 5mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is rock wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 40mm; Radiation shield material therefor is graphite paper, and thickness is 0.3mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Ludox low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber felt, and thickness is 40mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts carbonate phase-change material, and thickness is 10mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is high silica fiber heat-barrier material, and thickness is 6mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is super glass wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 20mm; Radiation shield material therefor is aluminium foil, and thickness is 0.03mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Alumina gel low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts magnesium fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 20mm; Radiation shield material therefor is goldleaf, and thickness is 0.03mm.Wherein all bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between each layer.
Embodiment 9
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials, and thickness is 10mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts nickel fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 10mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is calcium silicate thermal insulation material, and thickness is 5mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 20mm; Radiation shield material therefor is molybdenum foil, and thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Ludox low temperature bonding to bond.
Embodiment 10
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness as follows: superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm; Decalescence insulation material layer adopts magnesium fluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm; Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is calcium silicate thermal insulation material, and thickness is 5mm; Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is rock wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 40mm; Radiation shield material therefor is graphite paper, and thickness is 0.1mm.Wherein bond with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield, adopt the agent of Alumina gel low temperature bonding to bond.
In above-described embodiment, the preparation process of each insulation material layer is as follows:
Wherein carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material or Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material add deionized water mix and blend and carry out fiber dispersion, and then suction filtration shaping and high-temperature heat treatment obtain.Ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials fiber and sintering aid is blended, high temperature sintering obtains.Carbon fiber felt becomes blanket by carbon fiber knit, or organic precursor method prepares post-foaming or supercritical drying etc.
The preparation of decalescence insulation material layer: the melting of phase change material, the pulverizing of the phase change grains obtained after melting, the phase-change material after pulverizing and matrix material and fortifying fibre blended, then through pressure forming, high temperature sintering and get final product.
The preparation of middle temperature thermal insulation layer: fiber deionized water is disperseed, suction filtration is shaped, and high-temperature heat treatment obtains, or press filtration after dynamic autoclaved technology slip, dry forming obtain.
The preparation of low temperature thermal insulation layer can adopt the method identical with middle temperature thermal insulation layer.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the superhigh temperature insulation material layer that carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material is made is semi-rigid material, heatproof 2500 DEG C, and density is 0.2-1.2g/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 0.02-0.2W/mK; The superhigh temperature insulation material layer that Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material is made is rigid material, heatproof 2500 DEG C, and density is 0.2-1.8g/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 0.02-0.2W/mK; The superhigh temperature insulation material layer that carbon fiber felt is made is flexible material, heatproof 3000 DEG C, and density is 0.1-1.2g/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 0.05-0.5W/mK; The superhigh temperature insulation material layer that ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials is made is rigid material, heatproof 3000 DEG C, and density is 0.1-1.2g/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 0.05-0.5W/mK.The decalescence insulation material layer that magnesium fluoride phase-change material, nickel fluoride phase-change material and carbonate phase-change material are made, density is 0.2-3.0g/cm3, and thermal conductivity factor is 0.05-0.5W/mK.Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, mullite fiber heat-barrier material, quartz fibre heat-barrier material, calcium silicate thermal insulation material and high silica fiber heat-barrier material etc., and can be rigid material, also can be flexible material.Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, rock wool and super glass wool etc., and can be rigid material, also can be flexible material.Molybdenum foil, aluminium foil, graphite paper or goldleaf etc. are the foil material of certain fabric width, and thickness is 0.01-0.5mm.
The performance indications of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention see the following form 1.Wherein heat-proof quality is with reference to GB/T17911.3-1999 refractory ceramic fibre product volume density test method, YB/T4130-2005 discharge flat band method.
Table 1
Can be found out by table 1, the combined heat insulated material monolithic of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention has higher thermal insulation, and by rationally arranging Rotating fields, its outer field heat-barrier material just has more alternative, no matter to obtain from raw material and all there is larger advantage the aspect such as cost.The combined heat insulated material monolithic of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention shows as semi-rigid, and density is 0.20-2.0g/cm
3, thermal conductivity factor is 0.02W/mK-0.12W/mK, and heatproof reaches as high as 2200 DEG C.Protection can reach 2500 seconds service time.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of described claim.
Claims (12)
1. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material, is characterized in that, comprising:
Superhigh temperature insulation material layer, it is positioned at high temperature side;
Decalescence insulation material layer, is positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer;
Middle temperature thermal insulation layer, is positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer;
Low temperature thermal insulation layer, is arranged in the outside of warm thermal insulation layer;
Radiation shield, is located at superhigh temperature insulation material layer, decalescence insulation material layer respectively, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer adjacent two layers and be located at the outside of low temperature thermal insulation layer, described radiation shield is used for blocks infrared radiation;
Above-mentioned each layer is complex as a whole.
2. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material of described superhigh temperature insulation material layer is carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, carbon fiber felt or ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials.
3. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described decalescence insulation material layer is warm phase-change material in nickel fluoride high temperature phase change material (pcm), magnesium fluoride phase-change material or carbonate.
4. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, mullite fiber heat-barrier material, quartz fibre heat-barrier material, calcium silicate thermal insulation material or high silica fiber heat-barrier material.
5. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, rock wool or super glass wool.
6. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described radiation shield is molybdenum foil, aluminium foil, graphite paper or goldleaf.
7. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described superhigh temperature heat-barrier material layer thickness is 2-20mm; The thickness of described decalescence insulation material layer is 2-10mm; The thickness of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-30mm; The thickness of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-40mm; The thickness of described radiation shield is 0.01-0.5mm.
8. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is bonded, be then complex as a whole by pressure forming and high-temperature process between described each layer by adhesive.
9. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described adhesive is selected from warm binding agent in aluminum phosphate system adhesive, chrome-alumina phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant, Alumina gel system adhesive and Ludox system.
10. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 8, is characterized in that, adopts high-temperature agglomerant to connect between described superhigh temperature insulation material layer to decalescence thermal insulation layer; Warm binding agent bonding in adopting between decalescence thermal insulation layer to outermost radiation shield.
The preparation method of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature described in 11. any one of claim 1-10, comprises the steps:
According to applied environment, heat transfer theory is utilized to determine concrete material and the thickness of each insulation material layer;
Each insulation material layer of respective thickness is prepared according to the material determined;
Each insulation material layer is adopted adhesive bonding, be then complex as a whole by pressure forming and high-temperature process, obtain superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material.
12. preparation methods according to claim 11, is characterized in that, the step that each insulation material layer is complex as a whole is as follows:
Adopt and brush or spraying, coated with adhesive between the layers;
Pressure-formed pressure limit is between 0.1MPa ~ 5MPa, and the temperature of high-temperature process is between 50 DEG C ~ 400 DEG C, and the processing time is 2h ~ 24h.
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