CN104545853A - Dual-PPG (Photoplethysmography)-based blood pressure measuring method and device - Google Patents
Dual-PPG (Photoplethysmography)-based blood pressure measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104545853A CN104545853A CN201410831159.8A CN201410831159A CN104545853A CN 104545853 A CN104545853 A CN 104545853A CN 201410831159 A CN201410831159 A CN 201410831159A CN 104545853 A CN104545853 A CN 104545853A
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/022—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers
- A61B5/0225—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds
- A61B5/02255—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels by applying pressure to close blood vessels, e.g. against the skin; Ophthalmodynamometers the pressure being controlled by electric signals, e.g. derived from Korotkoff sounds the pressure being controlled by plethysmographic signals, e.g. derived from optical sensors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dual-PPG (Photoplethysmography)-based blood pressure measuring method and device. The method comprises the following steps: penetrating human tissues by using projection light, wherein the influence factor of the light absorption of the human tissues can be obtained according to a Beer-Lambert law: log(I0/I)=epsilonCl; reflecting the change of blood volume through a PPG signal; calculating the blood pressure by using PTT (Push to Talk). The method and the device have the advantages that self-detection can be realized through the blood pressure measurement based on PPG, and the all-day blood pressure can be better monitored based on continuous blood pressure monitoring of PPG in order to reflect the diurnal change situation of the blood pressure. The method and the device have important significance to the prevention of sudden cardiovascular diseases. Through the continuous blood pressure measurement based on PPG, the treatment of hypotensive drugs can be well monitored. Compared with other continuous blood pressure measurement, the continuous blood pressure measurement way based on PPG has remarkable advantages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Technology for Turning Machining field, particularly relate to a kind of blood pressure measuring method based on two PPG and device.
Background technology
Along with the raising of domestic level, the dietary structure of people has a very large change, and involves in higher fatty acid, and the content of hypercholesterolemia obviously increases, and the contour fibre composition of vegetable reduces; Popularizing of the various vehicles, particularly car, and other sophisticated technologies serve the mankind more and more, and the activity of people is reduced; In addition, fast pace, the life of high pressure etc. all become the hotbed of cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease has become the important cause of death of of developing country.Wherein, hypertension becomes threat human health.Invisible killer.Myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, the vascular lesion of the vitals such as renal failure is the major reason of hyperpietic's death, Prevalence of Hypertension is in rising trend, investigation shows Prevalence of Hypertension: nineteen fifty-nine is 5.11%, within 1980, increase to 7.71%, within 1991, increase to 11.2%, within 2002, reach 18.8%, domestic existing hyperpietic about 200,000,000, and put in place not because hypertension knowledge is universal, its prevention rate, control rate and treatment rate etc. are very low, and the hypertension of 90% controls undesirable, and the hyperpietic of 2/3 does not treat.
Blood pressure detecting method the most frequently used is at present auscultation and oscillographic method.Traditional auscultation is simple, fast, but needs doctor to participate in detecting; Electric sphygmomanometer many employings oscillographic method, puts goods on the market now, can be used for patient oneself and detects, but it is still use cuff to rush bleed method, intermittent detects blood pressure, thus can only detect that certain measures the pressure value in moment, and is two independently values: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.For critical patient, need to detect blood pressure waveform in real time, thus monitor its heart working state, thus present stage lack a kind of can the device of continuous measurement patient blood pressure, with for people to use.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the shortcoming existed in prior art, and a kind of blood pressure measuring method based on two PPG proposed and device.
To achieve these goals, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Based on a blood pressure measuring method of two PPG, comprising:
A, utilize projection light to penetrate tissue, the influence factor of the light absorption of tissue can by lambert one Beer law: log (I
0/ I)=ε Cl obtains, wherein I
0represent incident intensity, I represents projection light intensity, and ε represents the absorption coefficient of light, C represents material concentration, and l represents light path;
The light part that b, photoemission cell send is absorbed by tissue, and residue transmissive portion is received by photocell, the PPG signal collected;
C, reflected the change of volumetric blood by PPG signal;
D, utilize PTT calculate blood pressure.
Preferably, described projection light can also adopt reflected light.
Preferably, described human body group can be finger, toe or ear-lobe.
A kind of blood pressure measuring device based on two PPG, comprise controller, driven by photoelectricity driver module on the controller and connect photoemission cell, the photoelectric receiving tube with its corresponding matching is provided with in described photoemission cell side, red-light source is provided with in described photoemission cell, the PPG signal that described photoelectric receiving tube sends for receiving photoemission cell, the PPG signal that described photoemission cell is just received amplifies through amplifier, amplifier connection data acquisition module, described data acquisition module is for receiving the PPG signal after amplification, described data acquisition module connection data computing module, described data computation module connects display module.
Preferably, the wavelength of described red-light source is 66Onm.
PPG can from body surface as finger, toe, ear-lobe place obtains, also can as the positions such as esophagus fish tremulous pulse to obtain in body, acquisition mode can select transmission-type, also can adopt reflective, many employings are gathered reflective in body, transmission-type collection can use and refer to folder, and ear lobe clamp etc. are device eaily, and the present invention adopts and refers to that folder form is more, refer to that photoemission cell is placed in folder one end, the other end places photoelectric receiving tube, and the light part that photoemission cell sends is absorbed by finger tissue, and residue transmissive portion is received by photocell.
The invention has the advantages that: the present invention can be detected by teaching display stand by the blood pressure measurement of PPG, seriality blood pressure monitoring based on PPG can monitor the blood pressure of all day better, reflect the day-night change situation of blood pressure, significant to the prevention of sudden cardiac angiopathy, seriality blood pressure measurement based on PPG can play good supervisory role to the treatment of depressor, has obvious advantage based on the seriality blood pressure measurement mode of PPG and other seriality blood pressure measurements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is photoplethysmographic shape of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is PPG characteristic parameter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 be each tissue of human body PPG signal;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that PPG minimum point of the present invention asks PTT;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the maximum point value of PPG of the present invention asks PTT;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that PPG first differential peak of the present invention asks PTT;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that PPG second-order differential peak of the present invention asks PTT;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that PPG amplitude percentage point of the present invention asks PTT;
Fig. 9 is PPG signals collecting theory diagram of the present invention;
Figure 10 is PPG signal pickup circuit of the present invention;
Figure 11 is PPG signal conditioning circuit of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of blood pressure measuring method based on two PPG provided by the invention, comprising:
A, utilize projection light to penetrate tissue, the influence factor of the light absorption of tissue can by lambert one Beer law: log (I
0/ I)=ε Cl obtains, wherein I
0represent incident intensity, I represents projection light intensity, and ε represents the absorption coefficient of light, C represents material concentration, and l represents light path;
The light part that b, photoemission cell send is absorbed by tissue, and residue transmissive portion is received by photocell, the PPG signal collected;
C, reflected the change of volumetric blood by PPG signal;
D, utilize PTT calculate blood pressure.
Described projection light can also adopt reflected light.
Described human body group can be finger, toe or ear-lobe.
PPG wave characteristics: the waveform of photoplethysmographic is divided into upstroke and decent, and upstroke is at paradoxical expansion, and blood flow volume sharply increases; Decent is at diastole, and blood flows into venous system through blood capillary network, the situation that blood flow volume reduces,
As shown in Figure 1: upstroke part, the fast rapid fire blood of ventricle, arteriotony rises rapidly, and blood vessel wall is expanded, blood flow volume increases sharply, slope and the amplitude of upstroke are subject to cardiac output, penetrate the elasticity effect of blood speed and main artery wall, and main artery wall elasticity is large, penetrate blood speed slow, cardiac output is little, and the slope of upstroke is little, and amplitude is also little; Otherwise main artery wall elasticity is little, penetrate blood speed soon, cardiac output is large, and upstroke is steeper then, and amplitude also can increase.In addition, also relevant with aortic valve, if aortic stenosis, penetrate blood resistance just large, the slope of pulse wave upstroke and amplitude also all can be little.
Decent part, Ve speed slows down, and the blood volume being injected tremulous pulse by ventricle is less than the blood volume being flowed to periphery by aorta, oligemia, and the large artery trunks of systole expansion starts retraction, and blood pressure reduces gradually.Occur again a crest when decline as shown in the figure, this ripple is called dicrotic wave, and dicrotic wave is due to ventricular diastole, and aorta root blood pressure reduces, and reflux appears in blood, and aortic valve quick closedown thereupon, blood is forward flow again.
The major parameter of PPG signal is as shown in Figure 2: S point represents the beginning of heart phase of maximum ejection, and S to M point is phase of maximum ejection, and during this period, left ventricle starts to shrink, and aortic valve is opened, and arteriotony rises fast, and blood is full of tremulous pulse, blood vessel wall expansion; M to P point belongs to the cardiac ejection later stage, and blood pressure reduces, and blood flow volume reduces; Between M and P, have tidal wave, tidal wave is formed because aorta is subject to the impact of left ventricle pump blood; Q point is dicrotic wave, and be that the active pulse of being closed by aortic regurgitation blood stops, cause aortic root dilatation, blood flow volume increase causes.Dicrotic wave and arterial wall elasticity, blood viscosity is relevant.After dicrotic wave occurs, under the effect of aorta elasticity restoring force, blood continues outwards circumfluence, and vascular pressure and volume exponentially decline.Unconspicuous ripple one tidal wave is also had between main peak M and dicrotic wave Q in the PPG waveform of upper figure, tidal wave can be found out in pressure pulse is measured, pressure pulse wave is through impacts such as peripheral vascular resistance and capillary network branches, and the tidal wave of PPG signal is not obvious.Pulse wave contains abundant cardiovascular system information, especially Artery resistance, blood vessel elasticity etc.
Represent phase of maximum ejection starting point by extracting several characteristic parameter: characteristic point S to the analysis of PPG signal above, M is peak point, and P is dicrotic notch, and Q is dicrotic wave; Except each characteristic point, also have some characteristic time sections, as tpp represents peak-to-peak value, tl is phase of maximum ejection, and t2 is the systole time period, and t3 is the relaxing period time period; Also has the amplitude Characteristics of signal in addition: amplitude point hl is main peak height, and h2 is dicrotic pulse wave height.
Each eigenvalue is all relevant with characteristic point, and tl is the time period of starting point S and peak point M; T2 is the time period of starting point S and dicrotic notch P point; T3 is the time period between dicrotic notch P point and the starting point s in next cycle; Hl is the amplitude of peak point, and hZ is the amplitude of dicrotic wave Q point.So the position by solving each characteristic point place, above all parameter points can be solved.Next part content can analyze physiological property corresponding to each composition of waveform.Pulse wave is because the existence of echo can make original waveform that very large change occurs in the process propagated, and echo mostly occurs at vascular bending, narrow or have the place of branch, and wherein most visibility point is the junction between tremulous pulse.We discuss single junction wave reflection below.
The computational methods of PTT:
As shown in Figure 3: by the known PTT of utilization of model above to estimate that pressure value needs to obtain the exact value of PTT, the influence factor that PTT calculates has a lot, PTT will be caused to calculate very large error if the contact force such as gathered when test between the equipment of PPG signal and finger changes, so require that the account form of PTT has accuracy and the broad applicability of height.Generally, use the R ripple of ECG to calculate PTT as starting point, emphasis chooses a characteristic point of PPG signal, and this characteristic point is difficult to determine, on the one hand, pulse wave has different shapes in different positions, the PPG signal that larger diversity makes diverse location 139> record, as finger, ear-lobe, the positions such as toe, characteristic signal has a great difference
On the other hand, can deformation be there is in the transmission in pulse wave, particularly due to wave reflection effect, pulse wave is through narrow, all wave reflection can be there is during bending or forked blood vessel, because time delay echo major part is superimposed upon the decent of pulse wave, therefore the upstroke of pulse wave should be selected to calculate the transmission time of pulse wave, but pulse wave signal is owing to have passed through muscle, the misfortune such as skin is incorporated into sensor, high-frequency signal loss is larger, introduces several judgement P mainly below, the method for I.T end point:
A, minimum point: as shown in Figure 4, utilize the starting point of minimum point as pulse wave of pulse wave, also be simultaneously that to calculate the terminal in pulse wave transmission time be the simplest account form, it is simple that the minimum point of PPG records P bamboo method, but the starting point of minimum point not always PPG, particularly when there being very large drift, thus profit in this way time to note remove drift.
B, peak: as shown in Figure 5, peak utilizes peak point to calculate as the end point of PTT value.
C, first differential maximum of points: as shown in Figure 6, first differential maximum of points refers to PPG upstroke slope maximum point, utilize first differential maximum of points as pulse wave starting point, this method also realizes than being easier to, this characteristic point distance main peak value is comparatively near, is easily subject to the impact of echo.
D, second-order differential maximum of points: as shown in Figure 7, namely the PTT value that obtains as pulse wave starting point of G-signal second-order differential maximum of points is closer to actual value, the basic theories of Zhejiang University's item 1 thesis chapter 2 blood pressure and pulse wave but adopt second-order differential to be easy to be interfered, the minor fluctuations of upstroke all may have influence on the detection of second-order differential maximum.
E, amplitude percentage point: as shown in Figure 8, amplitude percentage point method first calculates pulse wave maximum A in one-period
maxa is become with minima
min, the height then setting certain percent (TH) of this difference asks PTT as characteristic point:
TH＝(A-A
min)/(A
max-A
min)
TH is less, and the characteristic point obtained is more close to minimum point, and the impact being subject to echo is less; Otherwise TH is larger, the characteristic point obtained is more close to main peak point, and the impact being subject to echo is larger.But if TH is too little very when minimum point, impact suffered when asking PTT as utilized minimum point, region slightly changes will bring the larger change of PTT, and error increases.Generally, when the span of TH is 5% one 20%, effect is relatively good.
As shown in Figure 9, a kind of blood pressure measuring device based on two PPG, comprise controller, driven by photoelectricity driver module on the controller and connect photoemission cell, the photoelectric receiving tube with its corresponding matching is provided with in described photoemission cell side, be provided with red-light source in described photoemission cell, the wavelength of described red-light source is 66Onm.The PPG signal that described photoelectric receiving tube sends for receiving photoemission cell, the PPG signal that described photoemission cell is just received amplifies through amplifier, and amplifier connection data acquisition module, described data acquisition module is NlUSB6009 data collecting card.Described data acquisition module is for receiving the PPG signal after amplification, and described data acquisition module connection data computing module, described data computation module connects display module.
Described photoemission cell and receiving tube are placed on the both sides of finger, toe or ear-lobe etc., and a part of light is absorbed, and a part is transmitted in addition, the light that acquisition of transmission of the present invention is crossed.Cardiac pumping can cause the cyclically-varying of blood volume, and the period frequency of PPG signal is 0.1-30Hz.Signal pickup circuit detects faint PPG signal, then by being connected to hardware NlUSB6009 data collecting card after filtering and amplifying circuit.
Detailed explanation explanation is carried out to hardware circuit below.Signal pickup circuit utilizes the light cell characteristic of photodiode: when unglazed be radiated at photodiode time, there is faint reverse drain saturation current in photodiode, i.e. dark current (lxl0
-8to lxl0
-9a); When the additional direction voltage of photodiode, the size of its dark current increases along with the increase of intensity of illumination, and the electric current that photodiode is subject to illumination and produces under back-pressure becomes photoelectric current, and photoelectric current is by the control of incoming illumination.Illumination one timing, photodiode equivalence can become constant-current source.Illumination is larger, and photoelectric current is larger, when photoelectric current is greater than tens microamperes, linear with illumination.
As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, when in blood vessel during blood engorgement, transmitted through light intensity will die down, photoelectric current then diminishes, and the fluctuation voltage of output will be slightly less than reference voltage; Otherwise, when blood in blood reduces, transmitted through light intensity by grow, photoelectric current then becomes large, and the fluctuation voltage of output diminishes due to negative feedback, and in a word, the pulse signal detected presents the change of same trend along with the change of volumetric blood.Because photoelectric current itself is fainter, so the signal intensity detected is very faint, need through amplification filtering process.Signal processes it after detecting one, and treatment step mainly comprises amplification, notch filter, filtering.By human pulse after exercise the highest number reach 240 beats/min of calculating to design low-pass amplifier, adopt two-stage low-pass filter, amplification is 22 quilts, and cut-off frequency is 7.7Hz.
Claims (5)
1., based on a blood pressure measuring method of two PPG, it is characterized in that comprising:
A, utilize projection light to penetrate tissue, the influence factor of the light absorption of tissue can by lambert one Beer law: log (I
0/ I)=ε Cl obtains, wherein I
0represent incident intensity, I represents projection light intensity, and ε represents the absorption coefficient of light, C represents material concentration, and l represents light path;
The light part that b, photoemission cell send is absorbed by tissue, and residue transmissive portion is received by photocell, the PPG signal collected;
C, reflected the change of volumetric blood by PPG signal;
D, utilize PTT calculate blood pressure.
2. a kind of blood pressure measuring method based on two PPG according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described projection light can also adopt reflected light.
3. a kind of blood pressure measuring method based on two PPG according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described human body group can be finger, toe or ear-lobe.
4. a kind of blood pressure measuring device based on two PPG according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise controller, driven by photoelectricity driver module on the controller and connect photoemission cell, the photoelectric receiving tube with its corresponding matching is provided with in described photoemission cell side, red-light source is provided with in described photoemission cell, the PPG signal that described photoelectric receiving tube sends for receiving photoemission cell, the PPG signal that described photoemission cell is just received amplifies through amplifier, amplifier connection data acquisition module, described data acquisition module is for receiving the PPG signal after amplification, described data acquisition module connection data computing module, described data computation module connects display module.
5. a kind of blood pressure measuring device based on two PPG according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the wavelength of described red-light source is 66Onm.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108697900A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-10-23 | 萧颂华 | Determine the method and its equipment of the appropriateness for implementing defibrillator electric shock |
| CN109069032A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2018-12-21 | 佳明瑞士有限责任公司 | System and method for determining blood pressure |
| CN110226925A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-09-13 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of blood pressure detector and method based on pulse wave |
| CN112446272A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 钜怡智慧股份有限公司 | Living body detection method and related device |
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| CN102307520A (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2012-01-04 | 欧姆龙健康医疗事业株式会社 | Pulse wave analyzing device and pulse wave analyzing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108697900A (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2018-10-23 | 萧颂华 | Determine the method and its equipment of the appropriateness for implementing defibrillator electric shock |
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| CN112446272A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 钜怡智慧股份有限公司 | Living body detection method and related device |
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Application publication date: 20150429 |