CN104407796A - 原始数据跟踪板设备和系统 - Google Patents

原始数据跟踪板设备和系统 Download PDF

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CN104407796A
CN104407796A CN201410535872.8A CN201410535872A CN104407796A CN 104407796 A CN104407796 A CN 104407796A CN 201410535872 A CN201410535872 A CN 201410535872A CN 104407796 A CN104407796 A CN 104407796A
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track pad
processor
sensor
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signal
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CN104407796B (zh
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本杰明·莱昂
斯蒂芬尼·辛尔斯基
查德·布朗斯丁
史蒂文·P·霍特林
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/382—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
    • G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
    • G06F3/03547—Touch pads, in which fingers can move on a surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
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    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

描述了一种输入设备和系统，其采集(测量)原始跟踪板传感器数据并将该数据发送到主机，在主机中由在一个或多个主机中央处理单元上执行的应用来分析该数据。得到的输入处理体系结构提供了与现有技术的跟踪板输入设备相比制造成本更低并且更加灵活的跟踪板输入设备。更低的成本是通过消除现有技术中用于处理传感器数据的专用跟踪板硬件(即，处理器和相关的固件存储器)来实现的。更高的灵活性可以通过利用在主机上执行的软件提供特征集功能来实现。在该体系结构中，可以通过软件升级过程来修改、升级和增强跟踪板功能。

Description

原始数据跟踪板设备和系统
本申请是申请号为200580032179.8、申请日为2005年9月15日、发明名称为“原始数据跟踪板设备和系统”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明总地涉及计算机输入设备，更具体地说，涉及生成测得的(原始的)传感器数据并将该数据发送到主机系统的跟踪板输入设备。在主机系统上执行的软件分析原始传感器数据以确定用户的动作。
背景技术
跟踪板是替代鼠标或跟踪球、或者与它们一起使用的触控式平面数字化器输入设备。在使用中，操作者将手指放在跟踪板上并沿着触控式平面移动手指。跟踪板检测手指的移动，并作为响应向计算机提供位置和/或运动信号。有两种常见类型的跟踪板传感器设备：电阻性设备和电容性设备。电阻性跟踪板传感器是一种机械传感器，它使用两层一般用空气隔离的材料。手指施加的压力压动顶层(通常是薄的透明聚酯膜)，使得它接触底层(通常是玻璃)。测量触点上的电压，计算手指的位置和/或运动并发送到主机系统。在手指拿开后，顶层“弹回”到它的初始形态。相反，电容性跟踪板或接触板传感器是使用印刷电路板(“PCB”)或柔性电路技术制造的固态传感器。在顶层的导线栅格上或者非常靠近该导线栅格的手指改变相邻迹线之间的电容耦合度或者每根迹线的自电容。测量这种电容改变，计算手指的位置和/或运动并将其发送到主机系统。
参考图1，现有技术的计算机系统100包括经由通信路径115耦合到主机模块110的跟踪板设备105。跟踪板设备105包括传感器120、数据采集电路125、处理器130、存储器135和发送电路140。在电容性跟踪板设备的情况下，当用户的手指在传感器120的表面上移动时，数据采集电路125测量相邻传感器元件之间的电容耦合度(或者给定的传感器元件的自电容)的变化。处理器130在存储器135的协助下处理采集到的电容信号，以计算指示用户手指在传感器120上的位置的信号(例如△x和△y信号)。在一些现有技术的跟踪板设备中，处理器130也可以判断是否有多个手指在触动传感器120以及是否正在进行某些预定的手指运动(通常称为“姿势”)，例如“选择”、“拖拉”、“文件打开”和“文件关闭”操作。处理器130所确定的用户手指的位置和/或运动以指定的时间间隔(例如每秒50次)经由通信路径115被发送到主机模块110。在主机模块110处，接收电路145接收发送而来的跟踪板信号并将它的信息传递到驱动器应用150。驱动器应用150接着又使计算出的传感器信息可供其他应用使用，例如窗口显示子系统应用155。可见，现有技术的系统100利用用于测量和分析原始跟踪板传感器数据的专用处理器生成指示用户动作的信号。
本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到处理器130可以被具体实现为通用处理器(例如微处理器)、微控制器或者特殊用途或定制的处理器或状态机(例如专用集成电路或定制的门阵列器件)。此外，存储器135一般用于为驱动处理器130的指令(即，固件)提供永久存储，并且任选地可以包括随机访问存储器和/或寄存式存储器件。图1的体系结构的优点在于主机模块110不必知道或理解传感器120所产生的数据的类型。该特征的一个必然推论就是主机模块110不处理跟踪板传感器数据。
本领域的普通技术人员也会认识到图1的体系结构的一个缺点是跟踪板设备105所提供的特征集(即，可检测什么运动)基本上被它的专用硬件——处理器130和相关固件(存储器135)固定了。图1的体系结构的另一个缺点是每个制造出的设备105包括处理器130和相关的固件存储器135的成本。可见，提供一种克服这些固有缺点的跟踪板设备将是有益的。
发明内容
在一种实施方式中，本发明提供一种跟踪板输入设备，它包括：跟踪板传感器元件，它生成代表跟踪板传感器特性(即，电容或电阻)的输出信号；数据采集电路，它测量编码跟踪板传感器的特性的(数字)值；和通信电路，它发送测得的跟踪板传感器值到通用处理器进行分析，所述通用处理器还负责执行用户和其他系统级任务或应用。在一个具体实施方式中，跟踪板传感器是电容性跟踪板传感器，以使测得值包括原始跟踪板传感器值，并且通用处理器对应于主机系统的中央处理单元。
附图说明
图1以框图的形式示出了根据现有技术的跟踪板-计算机系统体系结构。
图2以框图的形式示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的跟踪板-计算机系统体系结构。
图3以框图的形式示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的跟踪板设备和主机系统。
图4以框图的形式示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的跟踪板传感器数据采集系统。
图5以流程图的形式示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的数据采集方法。
具体实施方式
首先参考图2，图示了根据本发明的包含跟踪板设备的系统的一般体系结构。如图所示，系统200包括通过通信路径215耦合到主机模块210的跟踪板设备205。跟踪板设备205包括：基于用户操作生成信号的跟踪板传感器220、用于捕获或测量传感器的数据值的数据采集电路225以及用于收集测得的传感器数据值并将这些数据值经由通信路径215周期性地发送到主机模块210的发送电路230。在主机模块210，接收电路235接收测得的传感器数据并将它们传给驱动器应用240。驱动器应用240接着处理或分析测得的数据，以确定用户的行为(例如“单击”、“双击”、“滚屏”或“拖拉”操作)，将计算出的位置和/或移动信息传给其他应用，例如窗口显示子系统应用245。根据本发明，驱动器应用240由主机处理器250执行，该主机处理器250如图所示还负责(至少部分)执行一个或多个用户应用或进程255。应当注意，跟踪板设备205没有处理或分析从传感器220采集的数据信号(值)的能力。根据本发明，传感器数据是由主机系统的通用处理器或中央处理单元(“CPU”)分析的。
图2的体系结构认识到并且采用包含在主机系统(例如笔记本计算机或其他个人计算机、工作站和服务器)中的现代CPU的处理能力上的独特优点。这种认识以及图2的体系结构使得计算机系统200与现有技术所提供的系统相比制造成本更低并且更加灵活。较低的成本是通过消除现有技术中用于处理跟踪板传感器数据的专用硬件(即，处理器和相关的固件存储器——参见图1的组件130和135)来实现的。更高的灵活性可以通过利用在主机的CPU上执行——即在主机的一个或多个CPU上处理/分析测得的跟踪板传感器数据的软件提供特征集功能来实现。在该体系结构中，可以通过常见的软件升级过程来修改、升级和增强跟踪板功能。
以下描述是为了使本发明的技术人员能够实现和使用所要求保护的发明，并且被提供在以下讨论的具体例子的上下文中，这些例子的变体对于本领域的技术人员是容易预见的。因此，这里所附的权利要求不想被公开的实施方式限制，而是希望使它们的最宽范围与这里公开的原理和特征一致。
参考图3，根据本发明一种实施方式的跟踪板设备300包括m行n列的容性传感器阵列305、数据采集电路310(本身包括多路复用器(“MUX”)电路315、存储电容器320和扫描电路325)和通用串行总线(“USB”)发送电路330。在操作期间，MUX电路315负责以可控/顺序的方式耦合并激励连续的传感器阵列元件(例如，行、列、或者个体像素——即，位于行列交叉点上的元件)到存储电容器320，并向扫描电路325指示测量周期已开始。当存储电容器320上的电荷达到指定的值或阈值时，扫描电路325记录将存储电容器320充电到指定阈值所需的时间。由此，扫描电路325提供一个数字值，该数字值直接指示了所选择的传感器阵列元件的电容。USB发送电路330负责将测得的电容值聚集成包，并根据USB协议将这些包经由USB总线340发送到主机模块335。本领域的普通技术人员将会理解，根据所使用的USB的版本以及总线340的带宽不同，USB发送电路330可以以一包或多于一包将每帧数据传输到主机模块335。当主机模块的USB接收电路345经由USB总线340从跟踪板设备300接收到测得的传感器数据时，它拆包测得的电容数据并将它们传给驱动器应用350。驱动器应用350接着接受并处理原始(测得的)电容数据，为操作系统应用355提供有意义的光标移动输入。(本领域的普通技术人员将认识到：扫描电路325以预定的顺序或次序测量传感器阵列305的电容值，该次序必须是驱动器应用350预先知道的或者与测得的传感器数据一同传给驱动器应用350的。)在一种实施方式中，驱动器应用350实施传统上由专用跟踪板处理器，例如图1的处理器130和固件存储器135提供的跟踪板算法。
参考图4，图示了可以为可行列寻址的容性传感器阵列实施的MUX电路315的更详细图。如图所示，传感器阵列400中的每一行通过MUX-1410被电耦合到电压源Vcc 405，并通过MUX-2420被电耦合到存储电容器415。(虽然没有详细示出，但是传感器阵列400的每一列通过其他MUX电路——模块425被类似地耦合到Vcc 405和存储电容器415。)
现在参考图5，在操作中，MUX-1410在指定的时间段内将第一传感器阵列行耦合到Vcc 405(方框500)，然后将该行从Vcc 405隔离或断开(方框505)。接着，MUX-2420将同一行耦合到存储电容器415持续指定的时间段或者直到存储电容器415上的电压达到指定的阈值(方框510)。如果在MUX-2420将选定的传感器行耦合到存储电容器415的时间内，存储电容器的电压达到指定的阈值(方框515的“是”分支)，则扫描电路325记录与将存储电容器415充电到该阈值所花费的时间相对应的数字值(方框520)。如果在MUX-2420将选定的传感器行耦合到存储电容器415的时间内，存储电容器的电压没有达到指定的阈值(方框515的“否”分支)，则重复方框500-510的动作。一旦获得了与选定行的电容相对应的数字值，则检查在传感器阵列400中是否还有其他行需要采样。如果传感器阵列400中的所有行都已根据方框500-520被采样(方框525的“是”分支)，同一过程被用于采集传感器阵列400中的每一列传感器元件的电容值(方框535)。一旦根据方框500-535所有行和所有列都已被处理，则重复整个过程(方框540)。另一方面，如果在传感器阵列400中还有行未根据方框500-520来采样(方框525的“否”分支)，则选择下一行(方框530)并执行方框500-525的动作。
在一种图示的实施方式中，传感器阵列400包括16×32的电容性网格，提供48个输出通道；Vcc为3.3伏特；存储电容器415大约为10,000皮法，平均行电容值大约是12皮法；平均列电容值大约是9皮法；行或列电极的电容因用户的手指接触传感器阵列400造成的平均变化大约为0.2皮法；以之获得数字电容值的阈值是1.6伏特；并且MUX电路410、420和425的切换速率是6兆赫兹。对于这些值，已经发现将存储电容器415充电到阈值电压大约要花费580-600个采样周期。在一种实施方式中，数字电容值实际上是将存储电容器415充电到阈值所需的采样周期的数量计数。本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到该值与传感器元件的(例如行或列)电容值直接相关。在该实施方式中，扫描电路325(连同MUX电路410、420和425和存储电容器415)每秒125次测量48个传感器阵列输出的每一个，每个测量结果包括10比特值(无符号整数)。参考在125个作为帧的时期的每一个中由扫描电路325从传感器阵列400采集的48个测量结果，图示的跟踪板传感器设备产生：
从图2可以看出并且在图3中进一步显示，驱动器应用350由通用处理单元360执行，该通用处理单元360还负责执行用户应用和任务，例如365。也就是说，根据本发明，由一个或多个与主机系统相关联的通用处理单元，而不是由与跟踪板设备300相关联的专用处理器或处理电路来分析原始跟踪板传感器数据。图2和3的体系结构的一个直接后果就是必须和其他计算机系统处理需求(例如其他系统级和用户级应用)共享委派以分析跟踪板传感器数据的处理资源(例如CPU)。
所描述的实施方式的材料、组件和电路元件的多种改变都是可能的，而不会偏离所附权利要求的范围。例如考虑图3的系统。其他实施方式可能包括更小的(例如10×16)或更大的(例如32×32)传感器阵列305。此外，不同于125赫兹(“Hz”)的帧率和不同于10比特的样本分辨率都是可能的。也可以理解，主机系统可以包括一个以上的通用处理单元(例如处理器250)。此外，在图2和3中标识为和跟踪板设备205或300一体的某些电路可以具体实施在也用于其他功能的电路中。例如，发送电路230和330可以由其他USB输入设备共享，例如键盘。另外，本领域的普通技术人员将认识到本发明也可以应用于并非可行列寻址的、怪异的跟踪板传感器设备。还可以认识到可以修改图5所示的操作过程。例如，可以在传感器行值之前获得传感器列值。可替换地，传感器行数据和传感器列数据可以交织和/或同时被测量。无论怎样都将意识到扫描电路325按设定顺序测量传感器板的特性值(例如电容或电阻)，而该顺序必须是驱动器应用350已知的或告知给它。在另外的实施方式中，扫描电路325可以以任意方便的方式测量传感器特性值，并且在发送电路330发送之前将它们重新排序成驱动器应用350已知或期望的次序。

Claims (11)

1.一种跟踪板输入设备，包括：
具有多个传感元件的容性跟踪板传感器，每个传感元件都与所述容性跟踪板传感器的一个区域相关；
电耦合到所述容性跟踪板传感器的数据采集电路，该电路对于所述多个传感元件中的每一个选择性地编码数字电容值；和
通信电路，用于将所述数字电容值发送到主机处理器进行处理，其中所述主机处理器还至少部分负责执行用户级任务。
2.如权利要求1所述的跟踪板输入设备，其中，所述通信电路包括用于根据通用串行总线协议发送数字电容值的电路。
3.如权利要求1所述的跟踪板输入设备，其中，所述数据采集电路被调配为：对于所述多个传感元件中的每一个重复地编码数字电容值。
4.如权利要求1所述的跟踪板输入设备，其中，所述跟踪板输入设备不包括用于分析编码后的数字电容值的装置。
5.一种跟踪板输入方法，包括：
使用单个手指激励跟踪板传感器中的多个传感器元件；
测量每个被激励的传感器元件的特性，用数字值来编码每个测量结果；
发送测量的数字值到主机处理器，其中所述主机处理器至少部分负责执行用户级任务；
利用所述主机处理器分析测量的数字值；以及
基于测量的数字值生成代表单个手指姿势的信号。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述生成代表单个手指姿势的信号的动作包括生成代表单击动作的信号。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述生成代表单个手指姿势的信号的动作包括生成代表拖拉操作的信号。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述生成代表单个手指姿势的信号的动作包括生成代表选择操作的信号。
9.一种跟踪板输入方法，包括：
同时使用多个手指激励跟踪板传感器中的多个传感器元件；
测量每个被激励的传感器元件的特性，用数字值来编码每个测量结果；
发送测量的数字值到主机处理器，其中所述主机处理器至少部分负责执行用户级任务；
利用所述主机处理器分析测量的数字值；以及
基于测量的数字值生成代表多个手指姿势的信号。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述生成代表多个手指姿势的信号的动作包括生成代表双击操作的信号。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述生成代表多个手指姿势的信号的动作包括生成代表视觉缩放操作的信号。
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