CN104377778A - Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalization circuit based on LCL resonant transformation and implementation method - Google Patents
Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalization circuit based on LCL resonant transformation and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104377778A CN104377778A CN201410698450.2A CN201410698450A CN104377778A CN 104377778 A CN104377778 A CN 104377778A CN 201410698450 A CN201410698450 A CN 201410698450A CN 104377778 A CN104377778 A CN 104377778A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
Abstract
The invention discloses an Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalization circuit based on LCL resonant transformation and an implementation method. The equalization circuit comprises a microcontroller, a plurality of LCL resonant transformation modules and single cell bodies. Every two adjacent single cell bodies share one LCL resonant transformation module. Each LCL resonant transformation module and the corresponding single cell bodies are connected with the microcontroller. According to every two adjacent single cell bodies with the higher voltage and the lower voltage respectively, the microcontroller sends a pair of PWM signals with the complementary states to corresponding MOS transistors of the LCL resonant transformation module, so that the MOS transistors work in the charging state and the discharging state alternately, and energy is transmitted from the single cell body with the higher voltage to the single cell body with the lower voltage. When the PWM frequency is equal to the LCL natural resonant frequency, zero-current switching equalization is achieved. The equalization circuit is high in efficiency, large in equalization current and easy to control, and the problem that a traditional Cell-to-Cell equalization circuit is large in switching loss, and cannot achieve zero-voltage-difference equalization is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation and implementation method.
Background technology
The whole world is faced with the unprecedented energy and environmental crisis, enjoys World Focusing.But opportunities and challenges often and deposit.The energy the Internet being combined into feature with regenerative resource and the Internet will expedite the emergence of the third time industrial revolution.As one of the five large pillars of the third time industrial revolution, electric automobile is extensively welcomed by the people with energy-saving and environmental protection, has become the inexorable trend of future automobile development.Lithium ion battery, because its energy density is high, self-discharge rate is low and do not have memory effect, is widely used in electric automobile and hybrid-electric car as power source.In actual applications, in order to obtain higher electric pressure, battery pack uses mainly with cascade.But, serial lithium battery group brings a Tough questions: due to the restriction of manufacture craft, there is fine difference in capacity and the internal resistance of battery in battery pack monomer, after battery pack uses a period of time, this fine difference can cause the imbalance of battery cell voltage and SOC, greatly reduces active volume and the cycle life of battery pack.Therefore, battery balancedly just seem very necessary.Obviously, as one of the key technology of battery management system, the efficient balance of series battery has become a study hotspot.At present, equilibrium is mainly divided into dissipate balanced, non-dissipation equilibrium and battery selection three major types.
Dissipation equilibrium is by carrying out electric discharge shunting to cell each in battery pack resistance in parallel, thus realizes balanced.This circuit structure is simple, only by the energy ezpenditure of cell high for voltage, there is the problem of energy dissipation and heat management.
The energy consuming ratio dissipation equilibrium of non-dissipation equalizing circuit is little, but circuit structure relative complex, energy conversion type equilibrium and balanced two kinds of energy trasfer formula can be divided into.Energy conversion type equilibrium is by switching signal, is supplemented, or carry out power conversion to battery pack by coaxial coil by cell by Li-ion batteries piles entirety to cell.Consider from cost and equalization efficiency, energy conversion type can be applicable to middle low power occasion, but is not suitable for large battery pack.The equilibrium of energy trasfer formula utilizes the energy-storage travelling wave tube such as inductance or electric capacity, the energy trasfer in cell high for capacity in Li-ion batteries piles on the lower battery cell of Capacity Ratio.This circuit, by switch-capacitor switch, is transmitted the energy of adjacent cell, is sent to the low battery cell of voltage by electric charge from the battery cell that voltage is high by electric capacity, thus reaches balanced object.The energy loss of this circuit is very little, but reaching equilibrium must have and repeatedly transmit, so speed is comparatively slow, is unsuitable for more battery pack of connecting.
Battery selects the balanced battery cell referring to that selectivity is consistent by experiment to build battery pack, generally has two step screening processes.The first step, under different discharging currents, selects the battery cell that battery average size is close; Second step, in the battery cell of first step screening, selects the battery cell with close cell voltage variable quantity by pulse charge and discharge experiment under different SOC.Because the self-discharge rate of battery cell is not quite similar, battery selects balanced being not enough in the whole life cycle of battery to keep battery pack always balanced.It can only supplement equalization methods as the one of other equalization methods.
The main cause that tradition equalization methods is not suitable for lithium ion battery is as follows:
(1) open circuit voltage of lithium ion battery is comparatively smooth when SOC is between 20%-80%, even if SOC differs greatly, the voltage difference of its correspondence is also very little, and therefore the euqalizing current of traditional equalizing circuit is very little.
(2) because power electronic device exists conduction voltage drop, be difficult between battery cell realize zero-voltage difference equilibrium.
Chinese invention patent application (application number 201210595724.6) proposes a kind of capacitive battery equalization circuit, two batteries that this circuit is often adjacent share an electric capacity, when the battery cell that electric capacity and voltage are higher is in parallel, battery cell is to capacitor charging; When the battery cell that electric capacity and voltage are lower is in parallel, electric capacity charges to battery cell.Through the charge and discharge of electric capacity, energy transfers to the lower battery cell of voltage from the battery cell that voltage is higher, thus realizes battery voltage equilibrium.But the method switching loss is large, efficiency is low, euqalizing current is little, and can not realize zero-voltage difference equilibrium.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problem, disclose a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation and implementation method, equalizing circuit comprises microcontroller, several LCL resonant transformation module and battery cells, wherein, every two adjacent battery cells share a LCL resonant transformation module, and each LCL resonant transformation module is connected microcontroller with battery cell; Microcontroller is according to the high voltage person of adjacent two battery cells and low-voltage person, the pwm signal of a pair state complementation is sent to the corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor of LCL resonant transformation, make its alternation in charging and discharging state, thus realize energy and pass to the low battery cell of voltage from the battery cell that voltage is high, when the frequency of PWM equals the natural resonance frequency of LCL, realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium.Equalizing circuit efficiency of the present invention is high, euqalizing current is large and it is simple to control, and it is large and can not realize the difficult problem of zero-voltage difference equilibrium to overcome traditional C ell-to-Cell equalizing circuit switching loss.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation, comprise microcontroller, several LCL resonant transformation module and battery cells, wherein, every two adjacent battery cells share a LCL resonant transformation module, and each LCL resonant transformation module is connected microcontroller with battery cell;
Described microcontroller comprises analog-to-digital conversion module and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, wherein, described analog-to-digital conversion module, is connected with battery cell by voltage detecting circuit, convert the voltage signal of battery cell to digital signal, thus obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer;
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects LCL resonant transformation module, for generation of the control drive singal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch in LCL resonant transformation module by drive circuit.
Described LCL resonant transformation module, comprise a LCL circuit and two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, each metal-oxide-semiconductor branch road comprises the metal-oxide-semiconductor of two differential concatenations, and one end of two branch roads is connected to positive pole and the negative pole of LCL circuit capacitance C, and the other end is connected to the common port of adjacent two battery cells simultaneously; One end of series LC L circuit is connected to the positive pole of adjacent two battery cells, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of adjacent two battery cells.
Described LCL resonant transformation module is under the pwm signal of one group of state complementation drives, and alternation, in charged state and discharge condition, when the frequency of pwm signal equals the natural resonance frequency of LCL resonant transformation, realizes Zero Current Switch equilibrium.
Described LCL resonant transformation module is reversible transducer, by the opening and closing of the metal-oxide-semiconductor of control LCL resonant transformation module, energy can be made to flow to the low battery cell of voltage from the battery cell that voltage is high.
Described two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, when the pwm signal of state complementation sends to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of upper end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, energy passes to the high battery cell of electromotive force from the battery cell that electromotive force is low; When the pwm signal of state complementation sends to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of lower end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, energy passes to the low battery cell of electromotive force from the battery cell that electromotive force is high.
Apply an implementation method for above-mentioned equalizing circuit, comprise the following steps:
(1) monomer voltage is obtained: microcontroller obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell by analog-to-digital conversion module;
(2) equilibrium is started: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, calculates the voltage difference of two adjacent battery cells, if its difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value, then starts the equalizing circuit of this group correspondence;
(3) equilibrium direction is judged: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, is judged high voltage person and the low-voltage person of two adjacent battery cells, and sent the corresponding metal-oxide-semiconductor of the pwm signal control LCL resonant transformation module of a pair state complementation;
(4) energy transferring: microprocessor controls LCL resonant transformation module, makes its alternation in charging and discharging two states, realizes the Zero Current Switch transmission of energy when the pwm signal frequency sent equals the natural frequency of LCL resonant transformation.
In described step (3), if the high battery cell voltage of electromotive force is higher than the low battery cell voltage of battery, then the pwm signal of complementation is sent to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of lower end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, if the pwm signal of complementation higher than the high battery cell voltage of electromotive force, is then sent to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of upper end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads by the low battery cell voltage of electromotive force.
Operation principle of the present invention is: microcontroller obtains battery pack each monomer voltage by D/A converter module, and then compares two adjacent batteries monomer voltages, determines to need balanced adjacent cell monomer, and judge high voltage person and low-voltage person; Then, microcontroller sends the pwm signal control LCL resonant transformation module of a pair state complementation, makes its alternation in charging and discharging two states, thus energy is transferred to low-voltage person from the high voltage person adjacent cell monomer.Especially, when the PWM frequency that microcontroller sends equals the natural resonance frequency of LCL resonant transformation module, Zero Current Switch equilibrium can be realized.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) Zero Current Switch realized between battery cell adjacent in battery pack is balanced, has higher equalization efficiency;
(2) overcome little, the inefficient problem of traditional C ell-to-Cell type equalizing circuit euqalizing current, be applicable to the equilibrium of great-capacity power battery group;
(3) overcome conventional P ack-to-Cell type equalizing circuit balanced time charging and discharging deposit the difficult problem causing equalization efficiency low;
(4) effectively overcome because power electronic device exists the difficult problem being difficult to realize battery cell zero-voltage difference that conduction voltage drop causes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) is for the present invention includes the equalizing circuit schematic diagram of n batteries monomer;
Fig. 1 (b) is for the present invention includes the equalizing circuit schematic diagram of 2 batteries monomers;
Fig. 2 (a) is for LCL resonant transformation of the present invention is at V
0>V
1time charged state fundamental diagram;
Fig. 2 (b) is for LCL resonant transformation of the present invention is at V
0>V
1time discharge condition fundamental diagram;
Fig. 3 (a) is for LCL resonant transformation of the present invention is at V
1>V
0time charged state fundamental diagram;
Fig. 3 (b) is for LCL resonant transformation of the present invention is at V
1>V
0time and the fundamental diagram of discharge condition;
Fig. 4 is that LCL resonant transformation of the present invention is in charging and discharging currents i under resonance condition and capacitance voltage V
coscillogram;
Fig. 5 is that LCL resonant transformation of the present invention carries out balanced voltage design sketch to adjacent cell monomer.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation, comprise microcontroller and LCL resonant transformation module, two often adjacent batteries monomers share a LCL resonant transformation, and microcontroller connects LCL resonant transformation and battery cell.
Described microcontroller comprises analog-to-digital conversion module and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, wherein, described analog-to-digital conversion module, be connected with battery cell by voltage detecting circuit, for converting the voltage signal of battery cell to digital signal, thus obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer;
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects LCL resonant transformation module, for generation of the control drive singal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch in LCL resonant transformation module by drive circuit;
Described LCL resonant transformation module comprises a series LC L circuit and two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads.The metal-oxide-semiconductor composition of each route two differential concatenations, one end of two branch roads is connected to positive pole and the negative pole of electric capacity C, and the other end is connected to the common port of adjacent two battery cells simultaneously; One end of series LC L circuit is connected to the positive pole of adjacent two battery cells, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of adjacent two battery cells.
Described LCL resonant transformation module is under the pwm signal of one group of state complementation drives, and alternation, in charged state and discharge condition, especially, when the frequency of pwm signal equals the natural resonance frequency of LCL resonant transformation, realizes Zero Current Switch equilibrium.
Described LCL resonant transformation module is reversible transducer, can realize energy flow to the low battery cell of voltage from the battery cell that voltage is high by the metal-oxide-semiconductor controlling described two branch roads.
When the pwm signal of state complementation sends to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of upper end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, energy passes to the high battery cell of electromotive force from the battery cell that electromotive force is low; When the pwm signal of state complementation sends to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of lower end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, energy passes to the low battery cell of electromotive force from the battery cell that electromotive force is high.
Apply an implementation method for the above-mentioned Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation, comprise the following steps:
(1) monomer voltage is obtained: microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell;
(2) equilibrium is started: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, calculates the voltage difference of two adjacent battery cells, if its difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value, then starts the equalizing circuit that this adjacent cell monomer is corresponding;
(3) equilibrium direction is judged: if the battery cell voltage being in upper end (electromotive force is high) is higher than the battery cell voltage being in lower end (electromotive force is low), then the pwm signal of complementation is sent to two metal-oxide-semiconductors of lower end in metal-oxide-semiconductor branch road; If be in the battery cell voltage of lower end (electromotive force is low) higher than the battery cell voltage being in upper end (electromotive force is high), then the pwm signal of complementation is sent to two metal-oxide-semiconductors of upper end in metal-oxide-semiconductor branch road;
(4) energy transferring: microprocessor controls LCL resonant transformation module, makes its alternation in charging and discharging two states, realizes the Zero Current Switch transmission of energy when the pwm signal frequency sent equals the natural frequency of LCL resonant transformation.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, digital signal processing chip DSP (TMS320F28335) selected by the microcontroller of equalizing circuit, has high-precision AD sampling and PWM output; Voltage detecting circuit adopts the LTC6802 specialized voltages of Linear Tech measurement chip to measure the voltage of every batteries in battery pack in real time.As shown in Fig. 1 (a), for LCL resonance modules is applied to the block mold figure of battery pack, often adjacent two batteries monomers share a LCL resonance modules, for the series winding battery pack that a n batteries monomer is formed, share n-1 LCL resonance modules.
As shown in Fig. 1 (b), for LCL resonance modules is applied to two adjacent battery cell B
0and B
1.LCL resonant circuit is by four metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1-M
4, four diode D
1-D
4, two inductance L
1, L
2form with an electric capacity C.Wherein, M
2, M
4source electrode, D
2, D
4positive pole respectively with B
0negative pole (B
1positive pole) be connected; Inductance L
1with B
0positive pole be connected, L
2with B
1negative pole be connected.Metal-oxide-semiconductor M
1, M
3driven by the pwm signal of a pair state complementation from microcontroller DSP, M
2, M
4driven by another pwm signal to state complementation.In the charge or discharge process of each LCL resonant circuit, control one of them metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting, remaining metal-oxide-semiconductor keeps turning off.
After circuit runs, microcontroller, by analog-to-digital conversion module, obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell, thus determines to need to carry out balanced adjacent two battery cells, and judge whether voltage difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value 0.01V, if be greater than, start corresponding equalizing circuit.Under equilibrium state, microprocessor controls LCL resonant circuit makes its alternation in charging and discharging two states, thus realizes the continuous transmission of energy.
As shown in Figure 2, at V
0>V
1time equalizing circuit fundamental diagram.The pwm signal of complementation is sent to lower end metal-oxide-semiconductor M by microcontroller
4and M
2.As shown in Fig. 2 (a), work as M
4during conducting, M
1, M
2and M
3turn off, B
0, inductance L
1resonant tank, now a B is formed with electric capacity C
0charge to electric capacity C, resonance current i is just, the voltage V at electric capacity C two ends
cstart to rise; As shown in Fig. 2 (b), work as M
2during conducting, M
1, M
3and M
4turn off, B
1, inductance L
2form a resonant tank with electric capacity C, now electric capacity C is to B
1electric discharge, resonance current i becomes negative value, the voltage V at electric capacity C two ends
cstart to decline.Through a charge and discharge process of LCL resonant circuit, by B
0energetic portions transfer to B
1, thus achieve B
0and B
1the equilibrium of voltage.
As shown in Figure 3, at V
0<V
1time equalizing circuit fundamental diagram.The pwm signal of complementation is sent to upper end metal-oxide-semiconductor M by microcontroller
1and M
3.As shown in Fig. 3 (a), work as M
1during conducting, M
2, M
3and M
4turn off, B
1, inductance L
2resonant tank, now a B is formed with electric capacity C
1charge to electric capacity C, resonance current i is just, the voltage V at electric capacity C two ends
cstart to rise; As shown in Fig. 3 (b), work as M
3during conducting, M
1, M
2and M
4turn off, B
0, inductance L
1form a resonant tank with electric capacity C, now electric capacity C is to B
0electric discharge, resonance current i becomes negative value, the voltage V at electric capacity C two ends
cstart to decline.Through a charge and discharge process of LCL resonant circuit, B
1energetic portions transfer to B
0, thus achieve B
0and B
1the equilibrium of voltage.
As shown in Figure 4, for LCL resonant transformation is in charging and discharging currents i under resonance condition and capacitance voltage V
coscillogram, as seen from the figure, in the balancing procedure of one group of adjacent monomer, the pwm signal (PWM+, PWM-) of one group of complementation controls the alternate conduction of metal-oxide-semiconductor, capacitance voltage V
c, euqalizing current i cyclic variation, capacitance voltage V
clagging current i 90o, the turn-on and turn-off of metal-oxide-semiconductor just in time occur in current i zero crossing, achieve Zero Current Switch, drastically increase equalization efficiency.
Be illustrated in figure 5 LCL resonant transformation and under static state balanced voltage design sketch carried out, when battery cell initial voltage is respectively V to adjacent cell monomer
b0=3.001V, V
b1during=3.209V, only need the time of about 12.5s, equalizing circuit just makes the voltage difference of adjacent cell monomer close to 0, and the zero-voltage difference achieved between battery cell is balanced.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation, it is characterized in that: comprise microcontroller, several LCL resonant transformation module and battery cells, wherein, every two adjacent battery cells share a LCL resonant transformation module, and each LCL resonant transformation module is connected microcontroller with battery cell;
Described microcontroller comprises analog-to-digital conversion module and pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part, wherein, described analog-to-digital conversion module, is connected with battery cell by voltage detecting circuit, convert the voltage signal of battery cell to digital signal, thus obtain the voltage of battery in battery pack monomer;
Described pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output part connects LCL resonant transformation module, for generation of the control drive singal of metal-oxide-semiconductor switch in LCL resonant transformation module by drive circuit.
2. a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described LCL resonant transformation module, comprise a LCL circuit and two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, each metal-oxide-semiconductor branch road comprises the metal-oxide-semiconductor of two differential concatenations, one end of two branch roads is connected to positive pole and the negative pole of the electric capacity C of LCL circuit, and the other end is connected to the common port of adjacent two battery cells simultaneously; One end of series LC L circuit is connected to the positive pole of adjacent two battery cells, and the other end is connected to the negative pole of adjacent two battery cells.
3. a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described LCL resonant transformation module is under the pwm signal of one group of state complementation drives, alternation is in charged state and discharge condition, when the frequency of pwm signal equals the natural resonance frequency of LCL resonant transformation, realize Zero Current Switch equilibrium.
4. a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described LCL resonant transformation module is reversible transducer, by the opening and closing of the metal-oxide-semiconductor of control LCL resonant transformation module, energy can be made to flow to the low battery cell of voltage from the battery cell that voltage is high.
5. a kind of Adjacent-Cell-to-Cell equalizing circuit based on LCL resonant transformation as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, when the pwm signal of state complementation sends to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of upper end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, energy passes to the high battery cell of electromotive force from the battery cell that electromotive force is low; When the pwm signal of state complementation sends to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of lower end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, energy passes to the low battery cell of electromotive force from the battery cell that electromotive force is high.
6. the implementation method of the equalizing circuit according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) monomer voltage is obtained: microcontroller obtains each monomer voltage of electrokinetic cell by analog-to-digital conversion module;
(2) equilibrium is started: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, calculates the voltage difference of two adjacent battery cells, if its difference is greater than battery balanced threshold value, then starts the equalizing circuit of this group correspondence;
(3) equilibrium direction is judged: microcontroller, according to the battery cell voltage obtained, is judged high voltage person and the low-voltage person of two adjacent battery cells, and sent the relevant metal-oxide-semiconductor of the pwm signal control LCL resonant transformation module of a pair state complementation;
(4) energy transferring: microprocessor controls LCL resonant transformation module, makes its alternation in charging and discharging two states, realizes the Zero Current Switch transmission of energy when the pwm signal frequency sent equals the natural frequency of LCL resonant transformation.
7. implementation method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), if the high battery cell voltage of electromotive force is higher than the low battery cell voltage of electromotive force, then the pwm signal of complementation is sent to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of lower end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads, if the pwm signal of complementation higher than the high battery cell voltage of electromotive force, is then sent to the metal-oxide-semiconductor of upper end in two metal-oxide-semiconductor branch roads by the low battery cell voltage of electromotive force.
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