CN104376038A - Position associated text information visualization method based on label cloud - Google Patents
Position associated text information visualization method based on label cloud Download PDFInfo
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- CN104376038A CN104376038A CN201410466976.8A CN201410466976A CN104376038A CN 104376038 A CN104376038 A CN 104376038A CN 201410466976 A CN201410466976 A CN 201410466976A CN 104376038 A CN104376038 A CN 104376038A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
- G06F16/33—Querying
- G06F16/335—Filtering based on additional data, e.g. user or group profiles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
- G06F16/33—Querying
- G06F16/338—Presentation of query results
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/953—Querying, e.g. by the use of web search engines
- G06F16/9537—Spatial or temporal dependent retrieval, e.g. spatiotemporal queries
Abstract
The invention relates to a position associated text information visualization method based on a label cloud and belongs to the field of electronic techniques. According to the method, data are obtained from text information associated with a common map and geographic positions, a statistic map is obtained according to a point element and plane element generating algorithm, and lexical analysis and filter are carried out on a large amount of non-structured test information so that key words and corresponding word frequency can be extracted. According to the position associated text information visualization method based on the label cloud, irrelevant detail information on the common map is filtered out, only main information is kept, the method is suitable for point elements and plane elements according to the different detail degrees of information of different scales, the outlines of administrative regions are not used by the label cloud, misunderstanding generated due to label positions is avoided, a user can browse the test information associated with the geographic positions, some unnecessary operations are omitted, and the user can be helped to grasp the general characteristic and the trend of a large amount of position associated test information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud, belong to electronic technology field.
Background technology
Method for visualizing based on geography information.Traditional Geographic Information System (as ArcGIS, SuperMap etc.) is carried out visual according to dissimilar text message.Structurized text message is stored in relation table as the attribute information of geographic element, and when clicking some geographic elements, the text message of associated can present with the form of data form.And for non-structured text message, then adopt a kind of method of external linkage, namely this geographic area saves the text storage position of all associateds, when clicking this region, opens the text by corresponding text application (as notepad, Word etc.).Owing to map existing a large amount of geographic elements, browsing these text messages needs to carry out convergent-divergent, roaming and the operation of click dialog box continually, is not easy to user and browses.Further, user is also difficult to explore from this visual form and find out useful information.
Method for visualizing based on text message, macropaedia software (Encarta, wikipedia and Baidupedia etc. as Microsoft), what adopt is distinct thinking with Geographic Information System, based on word, geospatial location associated by word is then represented by the map of being content to exercise sovereignty over only a part of the country, as shown in Figure 1, this method for visualizing based on text message stresses to express text message, and the expression of spatial information is too simple.
Based on the method for visualizing of label-cloud, as the effective ways that non-space text message is expressed, label-cloud (TagCloud or Word Cloud) appears in Douglas Coupland " Microserfs " book with " subconsciousness document (subconscious file) " word the earliest, just be used widely after the first Application of Flicker website after this, as shown in Figure 2.Label-cloud is applied in geographical information visualization research by Stanley Milgram the earliest.The magnanimity photographic intelligence with geographical labels, by the method for label-cloud, associates with map, and carries out visual by Alexandar Jaffe etc.After this, also there is scholar on the idea basis of Alexandar Jaffe, utilize mash-up instrument label and label-cloud to be superimposed upon on map.Michael Stryker etc. for research object, are undertaken geographical visualized thus can perception public health situation in time with news and scientific and technical literature by the method for label-cloud.But above several research is all be superimposed upon on map by label-cloud simply, or is associated with map by label-cloud with independent window form.The most distinct issues of this method be label-cloud can and map on original annotation produce conflict, while general map on comprise the details that too many user do not pay close attention to, easy dispersion user is to the notice of point of interest and region-of-interest.Dinh-Quyen Nguyen eliminates the unconcerned details of user, devise the map of a kind of Taggram by name, as shown in Figure 3, it only remains the area pattern of state administration zoning, is then placed in corresponding state administration zoning with different fonts, size according to popularity degree by the label on the websites such as Flicker.But obviously there are 2 deficiencies in Taggram: (1) it be only applicable to area pattern, then helpless for Point element; (2) because Taggram remains the authenticity of administrative division shape, the position of label easily allows interpreting blueprints person misunderstand.
Complex operation when therefore using at present the method for visualizing based on geography information and be difficult to find that there is effective information; Method for visualizing based on text message too measures expression text message, and the expression of spatial information is too simple; And use the Taggram map based on label-cloud to be only applicable to area pattern, and the position of label easily allows reader misunderstand
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud, with solve current method for visualizing there is above-mentioned problem.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above and providing a kind of position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud, and this method for visualizing comprises the following steps:
1) each geographic position in general map is divided into discrete point;
2) according to a key element and face key element generating algorithm, each discrete point divided is adjusted, make its not mutual gland, and the accuracy of relative position can be kept;
3) carrying out lexical analysis to the text message of geographic location association and filter to extract keyword and corresponding word frequency, is that the discrete point corresponding with each geographic position arranges weight according to the word frequency that each geographic position is corresponding;
4) according to the difference of weight, the display rule of each discrete unit according to label-cloud is shown.
Described step 2) be adopt Cartogram generating algorithm to realize, this algorithm be according to certain property value by each discrete unit circle according to horizontal and vertical direction again layout, holding position relatively correct.
Described step 2) in the implementation procedure of Cartogram algorithm as follows:
A) all discrete points obtained all are distributed on the grid intersection of rule;
B) simplify the distance between adjacent two discrete points according to the direction of setting, retain distance in 2 X-axis and Y direction larger, and larger distance is adjusted to standard unit 1, less is reduced to 0.
Described step 4) in label-cloud display rule comprise towards different scale display rule and towards different time display rule.
The described rule of the display towards different scale is by the same object on discrete some model tormulation different scales.
The described display rule towards different time comprises two kinds, the first be similar to " thought of sprakclouds, when which is user's rolling mouse to some keywords, this more keyword will float out and amplify display; The second way is the metaphor using " waterfall ", and time dependent text flies the formal distribution under stream with waterfall, and user clicks any one model on figure, will demonstrate the label-cloud of " waterfall " formula.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention obtains data from the text message of general map and geographic location association, statistical map is obtained according to a key element and face key element generating algorithm, for a large amount of non-structured text information, carry out lexical analysis and filter to extract keyword and corresponding word frequency, incoherent detailed information on filtering of the present invention general map, only remain main information, and it is different according to the details and omissions degree of different dimensional information, be not only applicable to Point element, also area pattern is applicable to, label-cloud does not use the profile of administrative region, avoid the misunderstanding produced due to label position, be convenient to user and browse the text message with geographic location association, decrease the operation that some are unnecessary, and user can be helped in general characteristic and the trend of holding information in a large amount of position associated text information.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the visual schematic diagram at present based on text message;
Fig. 2 is the application example schematic diagram of existing label-cloud;
Fig. 3 is the application example schematic diagram of existing Taggram map;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the label-cloud map realization flow for China and periphery 19 state thereof;
Fig. 6 is the rough schematic view of distance between two points in cartogram algorithm;
Fig. 7-a is compression process schematic diagram;
Fig. 7-b is the schematic diagram of original position and dislocation;
Fig. 8-a be original position schematic diagram a little;
Fig. 8-b be a little through cartogram algorithm adjustment after position view;
Fig. 9-a is original map;
Fig. 9-b be according to former be that map center location converts all key elements to schematic diagram after a key element;
Fig. 9-c implements the schematic diagram after the adjustment of cartogram algorithm to a key element;
Fig. 9-d is the schematic diagram after some position with neighbouring relations connects with straight line;
Figure 10 is the instrument sectional drawing for obtaining micro-blog information adopted in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 be in the embodiment of the present invention obtain keyword and the word frequency statistics result figure of text;
Figure 12 is the label-cloud display schematic diagram towards different scale display rule in the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is time dependent in the embodiment of the present invention " sparkclouds " formula label-cloud display schematic diagram;
Figure 14 is time dependent in the embodiment of the present invention " waterfall " formula label-cloud display schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
A kind of position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud of the present invention is the method for visualizing will combined with the form of label-cloud and map with the text message that locus associates, and as shown in Figure 4, this method for visualizing specific implementation process is as follows:
1. obtain data from general map with the text message of geographic location association.
2. a utilization point key element cartogram generating algorithm, face key element cartogram generating algorithm obtain statistical map.Cartogram algorithm is a kind of map according to certain property value, object shapes being carried out exaggerating or reduce, its holding position relatively correct, carries out exaggerated deformation, transmit certain customizing messages intuitively based on attribute.The part messages that user issues on meagre website can comprise its positional information simultaneously, as city and Urban Streets.On small scale map, can regard city as Point element, Urban Streets regards area pattern as on large-scale map.
What in the present invention, cartogram algorithm was paid close attention to is point-like and area pattern.For Point element, the Rule Paramount of this algorithm be be a little all distributed on the grid intersection of rule, be convenient to like this browse, realize orderly visual layout, this is also match with the conclusion of cognitive map simultaneously, people tend to the relation in the horizontal direction or in vertical direction between memory area, distance between irregular two consecutive point of script distribution density is simplified, according to the size of angle theta between 2 o'clock, only retain distance in 2 X-axis and Y direction larger, and larger distance is adjusted to standard unit 1, less is reduced to 0, as shown in Figure 6, that is to say if the distance of horizontal direction is larger between two points, can think that two points in the same horizontal line like this, the distance of vertical direction is reduced to 0.Provide the detailed process of this algorithm realization below:
First carry out horizontal compression, then carry out longitudinal compression, as shown in Fig. 7-a, direction is from left to right, goes up extremely, supposes l
1the set of the location point that n X-coordinate is identical, l
2be and l
1a set adjacent in X-axis,
with
be defined as l
1on some V
kand l
2on lay respectively at a V
kabove and below and distance V
ktwo nearest some U
i-1and U
iangle, as shown in Fig. 7-b.Only have when all angles are all not less than threshold angle Θ (being set to 45 °), l
1and l
2two data acquisitions just can be compressed into identical X value.Y-axis repeats this process and completes longitudinal compression, so just all location points are placed on the point of crossing of the unit grid of rule, as shown in Fig. 8-a and 8-b.
For face key element, first convert all key elements to a some key element according to its center position, then, implement the cartogram generating algorithm of some key element, finally, some straight line position with neighbouring relations couples together, as shown in Fig. 9-a to Fig. 9-d.
3. obtain and release news, carry out lexical analysis and filter to extract keyword and corresponding word frequency.Much popular microblogging website, such as Sina and Tengxun, all can provide api interface.According to these api interfaces, obtain the information that user issues, as shown in Figure 10, obtain time, place, user name, bean vermicelli quantity that every bar releases news, forward quantity, number of reviews and in full in equal information.
Be stored in database by the data structured of acquisition, by constructing different SQL statement acquisition any one subsets wherein, such as, extract the information issued in Wuhan City from 2013-03-14 to 2013-03-17, SQL statement is as follows:
Select wb_content from weibo_tab where wb_time between'2013-03-14'and ' 2013-03-17'and wb_address like ' % Wuhan % '
For the text data of big data quantity, by existing instrument as ICTCLAS carries out participle and filtration, thus obtain keyword and the word frequency statistics of text, as shown in figure 11.
4. the generation about label-cloud has had a lot of ripe algorithm and instrument (as Wordle and Tagxedo etc.), therefore the key that cartogram and label-cloud combine is the design showing rule, the present embodiment is for two kinds of display rules, one is towards different scale, and another kind is towards different time.
1) towards the display rule of different scale
This rule is by the same object on discrete several model tormulation different scales, from country level to regional rank.This gives discrete models different in 4, as Figure 12-a to Figure 12-d, user is enlarged map gradually, and engineer's scale is increasing, and the content of label-cloud display can be further detailed.What first show is all cities, and each city model a represents, then to exaggeration model b, be finally model c, when user continues to be amplified to city-level rank, just can demonstrate the different regions in city, represent with model d, in model d, adjacent area straight line couples together.If user continues to amplify, this process can be repeated again in each area.
The quantity of information of different regions is discrepant, in order to indicate this species diversity, first adopting normalized method to calculate standard traffic corresponding to each area, then using different colors to represent.Concrete computation process is as follows, and M represents the quantity of information in area.
For each model, then the use a model close colour system of Fill Color of key word represents, as shown in Figure 12-d, provides the experiment parameter of each model in table 1.
Table 1
Towards the display rule of different time
Provide the display packing of two kinds of time tag clouds in the present embodiment, the thought that the first is similar to " sparkclouds ", time on user's rolling mouse to some keywords, it will float out and amplification shows.What the swash figure below word represented is the frequency that this keyword occurs within a period of time, as shown in figure 13.Second method is the metaphor using " waterfall ", and the formal distribution that time dependent text fly down straightly with waterfall, as shown in figure 14, user clicks any one model on figure, and right hurdle will demonstrate the label-cloud of " waterfall " formula.
For China and periphery 19 countries thereof, illustrate the implementation procedure that this flow process is complete.In Fig. 5, (1) is common administrative map, discrete unit circle (Fig. 5 (2)) is generated with the central point of each administrative division, by these discrete unit circles according to horizontal and vertical direction again layout, make its not mutual gland (Fig. 5 (3)), and keep certain accuracy of relative position.Arranging according to the discrete unit circle that is not all of weight the diameter varied in size, is the weight calculated the word quantity that various countries describe according to Baidupedia in Fig. 5 (4).Establishing a connection between different unit circle, is be connected between country adjacent for land border with straight line in Fig. 5 (5).Fig. 5 (6-9) is the display and control carried out constituent parts circle according to different scale, when label-cloud map amplifies with engineer's scale, first name of the country (Fig. 5 (6)) is demonstrated, demonstrate name of the country and 50 labels (Fig. 5 (7)) successively, name of the country and 100 labels (Fig. 5 (8)), name of the country and 200 labels (Fig. 5 (9)).
The present invention be a kind of by the text message associated with locus with the form of label-cloud and map combine visual, incoherent detailed information on the method filtering general map, only remain main information, and different according to the details and omissions degree of different dimensional information; The present invention was both used in Point element, area pattern can be applicable to again, label-cloud does not use the profile of administrative region, avoid the misunderstanding produced due to label-cloud position, be convenient to user and browse the text message with geographic location association, decrease the operation that some are unnecessary, and can help user in a large amount of position associated text information, hold general characteristic and the trend of information.
Claims (6)
1., based on a position associated text information method for visualizing for label-cloud, it is characterized in that, this method for visualizing comprises the following steps:
1) each geographic position in general map is divided into discrete point;
2) according to a key element and face key element generating algorithm, each discrete point divided is adjusted, make its not mutual gland, and the accuracy of relative position can be kept;
3) carrying out lexical analysis to the text message of geographic location association and filter to extract keyword and corresponding word frequency, is that the discrete point corresponding with each geographic position arranges weight according to the word frequency that each geographic position is corresponding;
4) according to the difference of weight, the display rule of each discrete unit according to label-cloud is shown.
2. the position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 2) be adopt Cartogram generating algorithm to realize, this algorithm be according to certain property value by each discrete unit circle according to horizontal and vertical direction again layout, holding position relatively correct.
3. the position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 2) in the implementation procedure of Cartogram algorithm as follows:
A) all discrete points obtained all are distributed on the grid intersection of rule;
B) simplify the distance between adjacent two discrete points according to the direction of setting, retain distance in 2 X-axis and Y direction larger, and larger distance is adjusted to standard unit 1, less is reduced to 0.
4. the position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step 4) in label-cloud display rule comprise towards different scale display rule and towards different time display rule.
5. the position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the described rule of the display towards different scale is by the same object on discrete some model tormulation different scales.
6. the position associated text information method for visualizing based on label-cloud according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the described display rule towards different time comprises two kinds, the first be similar to " thought of sprakclouds; when which is user's rolling mouse to some keywords, this more keyword will float out and amplify display; The second way is the metaphor using " waterfall ", and time dependent text flies the formal distribution under stream with waterfall, and user clicks any one model on figure, will demonstrate the label-cloud of " waterfall " formula.
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| CN107193995A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-22 | 网帅科技（北京）有限公司 | A kind of position classifying rules base management system and its coding method |
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Application publication date: 20150225 |