CN104257383A - Production method for quick imaging sequence single-short EPI-SSFP (Echo Planar Imaging-Steady-State Free Procession) - Google Patents

Production method for quick imaging sequence single-short EPI-SSFP (Echo Planar Imaging-Steady-State Free Procession) Download PDF

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CN104257383A
CN104257383A CN201410502930.7A CN201410502930A CN104257383A CN 104257383 A CN104257383 A CN 104257383A CN 201410502930 A CN201410502930 A CN 201410502930A CN 104257383 A CN104257383 A CN 104257383A
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sequence
ssfp
mri system
epi
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CN104257383B (en
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胡绍湘
黄佳佳
刘晓云
刘颖
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

The invention discloses a production method for a quick imaging sequence single-short EPI-SSFP (Echo Planar Imaging-Steady-State Free Procession). The method comprises the following steps: setting an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) system through a selected EPI sequence template to obtain an initial state of the MRI system; calculating a deflection angle of an input radio frequency signal RF according to the selected True-SSFP sequence template; calculating the signal intensity applied to a level selective gradient in the MRI system and the time of duration according to the deflection angle; exciting the MRI system according to the calculated signal intensity and the time of duration during inputting the radio frequency signal, so as to obtain an initial single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence; then performing steady state processing for the sequence to obtain the quick imaging sequence single-shot EPI-SSFP. With the adoption of the method, the single-shot EPI-SSFP imaging quality is highly superior to that of EPI sequence, and the imaging time is highly less than that of the True-SSFP sequence, and the imaging quality meets the clinical requirement; in addition, the imaging time is short, the examination time of a patient is reduced, and thus the mobility of the patient is improved.

Description

The production method of a kind of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical imaging technology field, more specifically say, relate to the production method of a kind of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP.
Background technology
In recent years, because sequential design is by the restriction of nuclear magnetic resonance analyser hardware condition, the domestic personnel being engaged in sequence research and development are fewer, and starting is evening relatively, cause the nuclear magnetic resonance analyser independent research and development capacity of Present Domestic not enough, Design and implementation all relative difficulty of a lot of sequence.
Current sequence kind is a lot, producing corresponding radio-frequency pulse, phase encoding gradient, frequency encoding gradient and slice selective gradient, being applied in scanning area, making tissue produce echo-signal and then imaging mainly through controlling spectrometer.Wherein EPI-SSFP sequence is that EPI sequence and true-SSFP sequence combine and form, due to EPI sequence have single activation and repeatedly excitation point, so EPI-SSFP sequence also have single activation and repeatedly excitation point, i.e. single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence and multi-shot EPI-SSFP sequence.
Multi-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is that Andrew C.Larson and Orlando P.Simonetti put forward in calendar year 2001, and starting is evening relatively.They claim sequence to be that this sequence is in True-SSFP sequence basis, fills K space and then obtain image by the mode of radial direction with the dynamic stable state projected image (SPIDER) reading echo train.Because this imaging sequences velocity ratio is very fast, so its initial application is mainly reflected on cardiac imaging.Andrew C.Larson and Orlando P.Simonetti employs the sequence pattern that ETL is 3, wherein first echo and the 3rd echo acquirement asymmetric 69 data points (ading up to 128 data points), and 128 that the collection of second echo is counted as symmetry, this sequential design eliminates the artifact effects that chemical shift (mainly fat) brings to a certain extent, and keep good contrast in tissue and be two times of the radial True-SSFP sequence of single echo to the efficiency of its sweep time on the insensitive basis of motion artifacts, SPIDER in theory also can realize the realtime imaging of heart simultaneously.
The people such as Daniel A.Herzka and Peter Kellman, improved this sequence with regard to heart application aspect in 2002.They are found by contrast: along with the increase of ETL, can improve scan efficiency, reduce sweep time.The direct result of minimizing of sweep time is the breath holding time minimizing of patient, also improves the circulation of hospital patient simultaneously.But because the value of ETL is too little, the imaging time that result in multi-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is long, and can not meet the dynamic imaging of heart.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the production method of a kind of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP is provided, merge the formation method of EPI sequence and True-SSFP sequence, the image quality of the single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence of generation is made to be better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time, again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, has the short and feature that image quality is high of imaging time.
For achieving the above object, the method for designing of a kind of fast imaging sequences single-shot of the present invention EPI-SSFP, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), according to the EPI sequence template chosen MRI system is set, determines the original state of MRI system;
(2), according to the True-SSFP sequence chosen, the angle of deflection of radiofrequency signal RF is calculated
α must satisfy condition into:
Wherein, T 1the longitudinal relaxation time during imaging of True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence, T 2it is the T2 during imaging of True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence;
(3) parameter of the slice selective gradient of MRI system, is determined according to deflection angle α
(3.1) t signal duration that slice selective gradient applies, is calculated
According to the required persistent period t applied on the slice selective gradient calculating MRI system, wherein γ is gyromagnetic ratio, T pthe persistent period of RF, wherein B 1be the intensity of radiofrequency signal RF, Δ f is the spectral bandwidth of radiofrequency signal RF;
(3.2) the signal intensity Gz that slice selective gradient applies, is calculated
wherein L is the thickness of slice selective gradient;
(4), input meets step (2) and the radiofrequency signal RF described in (3), slice selective gradient to MRI system;
(5), radiofrequency signal RF excites process to MRI system
(5.1), radiofrequency signal RF carries out preexciting to MRI system
The slice selective gradient of MRI system applies reverse slice selective gradient G z, the time continued is t/4; Then input α/2 deflection angle, the persistent period is t/2, applies the slice selective gradient G of forward on the slice selective gradient of MRI system simultaneously z;
(5.2), radiofrequency signal RF carries out stable state to MRI system and excites
Radiofrequency signal RF to MRI system carry out preexciting complete after, the slice selective gradient of MRI system applies reverse slice selective gradient-G z, the persistent period is obtain initial fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP, wherein, S rrepresent the switching rate of slice selective gradient in MRI system;
(6), stable single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is obtained
MRI system starts the pulse number gathering initial single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence, and the pulse signal at every turn gathered is carried out measuring and preserving, when the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is within 5%, then judge that single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence now reaches stable state; When the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is not within 5%, then increase pulse number, until the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is within 5%, make single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state.
Goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved in that
The production method of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP of the present invention, by the EPI sequence template chosen, MRI system is set, obtain the original state of MRI system, the deflection angle of the radiofrequency signal RF of input is calculated again according to the True-SSFP sequence template chosen, the signal intensity and persistent period that in MRI system, slice selective gradient apply is calculated according to deflection angle, like this when input radio frequency signal RF, by the signal intensity that calculates and persistent period, MRI system is excited, obtain initial single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence, fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP is generated after finally steady state process being carried out to this sequence, this ensure that single-shot EPI-SSFP image quality is better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time is again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, its image quality can meet clinical requirement, and imaging time shorter detection time that can reduce again patient, increase the mobility of patient.
Meanwhile, the production method of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP of the present invention also has following beneficial effect:
(1), single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is before signal generates, be applied with a series of half-angle radio-frequency (RF) excited, its objective is before signals collecting, utilizing half-angle to encourage makes single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state as early as possible, signal under such stable state, its intensity is higher and relatively stable, and image quality is also higher.
(2), the production method of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP, merge the formation method of EPI sequence and True-SSFP sequence, the image quality of the single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence of generation is made to be better than EPI sequence far away, imaging time, again much smaller than True-SSFP sequence, has the short and feature that image quality is high of imaging time;
(3), the image Y-PSNR of single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence between EPI sequence and True-SSFP sequence, so its image quality is also between above between two kinds of sequences.But single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is better than the image effect of EPI sequence in the process and picture contrast of details, therefore the imaging time of single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence and image quality more can meet the dynamic imaging of heart, and image taking speed is far away faster than True-SSFP sequence.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the production method flow chart of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sequence chart of BEST sequence;
Fig. 3 is the analogous diagram of BEST sequence;
Fig. 4 is the sequence chart of True-SSFP sequence;
Fig. 5 is the analogous diagram of True-SSFP sequence;
Fig. 6 is the partial timing diagram that single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence emulates when stable state;
Fig. 7 is the imaging effect figure of three kinds of sequence pair heads;
Fig. 8 is the image of three kinds of sequence pair same frequency spectrum scattergrams.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, so that those skilled in the art understands the present invention better.Requiring particular attention is that, in the following description, when perhaps the detailed description of known function and design can desalinate main contents of the present invention, these are described in and will be left in the basket here.
Embodiment
For convenience of description, first the relevant speciality term occurred in detailed description of the invention is described:
EPI:(echo planar imaging): Echo-plane imaging pulse train;
True-SSFP:(true steady state free procession): true steady state free precession sequence;
BEST:(Blipped echo planar single technique): the one distortion of original EPI.
Fig. 1 is the production method flow chart of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the production method of a kind of fast imaging sequences single-shot of the present invention EPI-SSFP, mainly comprises the following steps:
The EPI sequence template that S1, basis are chosen arranges MRI system, determines the original state of MRI system;
In the present embodiment, for cardiac imaging radiography, the kind choosing EPI sequence is BEST sequence.Reason be current clinical conventional be BEST sequence, this sequence implements relatively simple, and sequence artifact eliminating method also comparative maturity, and the spatial resolution of sequence is higher.The sequence chart of BEST sequence, as shown in Figure 2, in figure, left-half represents the sequential chart of BEST sequence, right half part then represents the fill order of BEST sequence in K space, because phase encoding gradient in BEST sequence is that gradation applies, so its data stuffing mode is that order is filled by row in K space; In the present embodiment, also emulate separately BEST sequence, its simulation result as shown in Figure 3;
The True-SSFP sequence that S2, basis are chosen, calculates the angle of deflection of radiofrequency signal RF
α must satisfy condition into:
Wherein, T 1the longitudinal relaxation time during imaging of True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence, T 2being the T2 during imaging of True-SSFP sequence nucleotide sequence, to make the signal intensity of image keep stable state in higher level, then accurately will determining T 1and T 2time value, make angle of deflection control in the scope of ± 3/8 π;
In the present embodiment, choose suitable True-SSFP sequence, as shown in Figure 4, the rectangle in figure represents signal or gradient magnetic, and the length of rectangle represents the persistent period of signal, and the height of rectangle represents the intensity of signal.As can be seen from the figure in True-SSFP sequence, first half-angle (α/2) excitation is applied with, through the TR/2 time after-applied replace continuously ± driving pulse of α, such applying mode can make True-SSFP sequence reach stable state rapidly; In the present embodiment, emulate separately again to True-SSFP sequence, its simulation result as shown in Figure 5;
S3, determine the parameter of the slice selective gradient of MRI system according to deflection angle α
(S3.1) t signal duration that slice selective gradient applies, is calculated
According to the required persistent period t applied on the slice selective gradient calculating MRI system, wherein γ is gyromagnetic ratio, T pthe persistent period of RF, wherein B 1be the intensity of radiofrequency signal RF, Δ f is the spectral bandwidth of radiofrequency signal RF;
(S3.2) the signal intensity G that slice selective gradient applies, is calculated z, wherein L is the thickness of slice selective gradient;
The radiofrequency signal RF that S4, input meet described in step S2 and S3 is to MRI system;
S5, radiofrequency signal RF excite process to MRI system
S5.1, radiofrequency signal RF carry out preexciting to MRI system
The slice selective gradient of MRI system applies reverse slice selective gradient G z, the time continued is t/4; Then input α/2 deflection angle, the persistent period is t/2, applies the slice selective gradient G of forward on the slice selective gradient of MRI system simultaneously z;
In the present embodiment, single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is applied with the half-angle similar with True-SSFP sequence before generating and encourages, its objective is before signals collecting, utilizing half-angle to encourage makes single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state as early as possible, signal under such stable state, its intensity is higher and relatively stable, and image quality is also higher;
S5.2, radiofrequency signal RF carry out stable state to MRI system and excite
Radiofrequency signal RF to MRI system carry out preexciting complete after, the slice selective gradient of MRI system applies reverse slice selective gradient-G z, the persistent period is obtain initial fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP, wherein, S rrepresent the switching rate of slice selective gradient in MRI system;
S6, obtain stable single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence
MRI system starts the pulse number gathering initial single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence, and the pulse signal at every turn gathered is carried out measuring and preserving, when the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is within 5%, then judge that single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence now reaches stable state; When the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is not within 5%, then increase pulse number, until the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is within 5%, make single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state.In the present embodiment, emulate single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence, its simulation result as shown in Figure 6;
Fig. 7 is the imaging effect figure of three kinds of sequence pair heads.
In the present embodiment, adopt BEST sequence, True-SSFP sequence and the imaging of single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence pair head respectively, the imaging time of three kinds of sequence pair cerebral tissue is as shown in table 1, wherein, Fig. 7 (a) is the image of EPI sequence pair cerebral tissue, in EPI sequence, also using chemical He Ne laser saturation pulse as prepulsing, as can be seen from Fig. 7 (a): EPI sequence becomes in image, there will be various artifact (artifact of edge is particularly serious), and image is mainly used for showing anatomical structure.Fig. 7 (b) is True-SSFP sequence pair image that cerebral tissue becomes, in the past known in the analysis of true steady state free precession sequence: the signal intensity of this sequence and the proton density of image tissue, T 1, T 2all closely related.And can find out that this image is T from Fig. 7 (b) 2weighted image, this image is used for display organization pathological changes, and effect is better.The cerebral tissue image of single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is as shown in Fig. 7 (c), it is compared with Fig. 7 (a), although still have a little artifact to fail to eliminate in figure, but the texture of its tissue and periphery details more clear, contrast is compared and is also increased with Fig. 7 (a), largely promotes so overall picture quality still has.Compared with Fig. 7 (b), may not as good as true steady state free precession image that sequence becomes to the display of focus, but it is also more or less the same compared with Fig. 7 (b) to the display of details and texture, and the most important thing is that in figure, imaging time is far smaller than the imaging time of Fig. 7 (b).
Table 1: three kinds of sequence pair cerebral tissue imaging time contrast tables
Fig. 8 is the image of three kinds of sequence pair same frequency spectrum scattergrams.
In the present embodiment, adopt kind of the sequence of three shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 (a) represents the one-tenth image that BEST sequence is formed, and the frequency spectrum as can be seen from the figure in image is concentrated not, causes occurring banding artifact in vertical direction; Fig. 8 (b) be True-SSFP sequence formed image, can find out this sequence become the spectrum distribution of image very concentrated, energy is Relatively centralized also; Fig. 8 (c) represents the image that single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is formed, spectrum distribution in Fig. 8 (c) is more concentrated than Fig. 8 (a), and there is few banding artifact in vertical direction, compared with Fig. 8 (b), its spectrum distribution is comparatively loose, and within tolerance interval.
The spectral imaging time of three kinds of sequences is added up simultaneously, as shown in table 2, three kinds of imaging sequences times meet the time of True-SSFP imaging sequences cost at most equally, and the time of single-shot EPI-SSFP imaging sequences is placed in the middle, and the shortest time of BEST sequence cost.
Table 2: the time statistical table of three kinds of sequence pair spectral imagings
Although be described the illustrative detailed description of the invention of the present invention above; so that those skilled in the art understand the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of detailed description of the invention; to those skilled in the art; as long as various change to limit and in the spirit and scope of the present invention determined, these changes are apparent, and all innovation and creation utilizing the present invention to conceive are all at the row of protection in appended claim.

Claims (2)

1. a method for designing of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1), according to the EPI sequence template chosen MRI system is set, determines the original state of MRI system;
(2), according to the true_ssfp sequence chosen, the deflection angle α of radiofrequency signal RF is calculated
α must satisfy condition into:
Wherein, T 1the longitudinal relaxation time during imaging of true_ssfp sequence nucleotide sequence, T 2it is the T2 during imaging of true_ssfp sequence nucleotide sequence;
(3) parameter of the slice selective gradient of MRI system, is determined according to deflection angle α
(3.1) t signal duration that slice selective gradient applies, is calculated
According to the required persistent period t applied on the slice selective gradient calculating MRI system, wherein γ is gyromagnetic ratio, T pthe RF pulse duration, wherein B 1be the intensity of radiofrequency signal RF, Δ f is the spectral bandwidth of radiofrequency signal RF;
(3.2) the signal intensity G that slice selective gradient applies, is calculated z
wherein L is the thickness of slice selective gradient;
(4), input meets step (2) and the radiofrequency signal RF described in (3) to MRI system;
(5), radiofrequency signal RF excites process to MRI system
(5.1), radiofrequency signal RF carries out preexciting to initial MRI system
The slice selective gradient of MRI system applies reverse slice selective gradient G z, the time continued is t/4; Then input α/2 deflection angle, the persistent period is t/2, applies the slice selective gradient G of forward on the slice selective gradient of MRI system simultaneously z;
(5.2), radiofrequency signal RF carries out stable state to initial MRI system and excites
Radiofrequency signal RF to initial MRI system carry out preexciting complete after, the slice selective gradient of MRI system applies reverse slice selective gradient-G z, the persistent period is obtain initial fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP, wherein, S rrepresent the switching rate of slice selective gradient in MRI system.
(6), stable single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence is obtained
MRI system starts the pulse number gathering initial single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence, and the pulse signal at every turn gathered is carried out measuring and preserving, when the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is within 5%, then judge that single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence now reaches stable state; When the ratio that the intensity of continuous three the RF pulse signals in front and back declines is not within 5%, then increase pulse number, until the ratio that the intensity of the continuous three subpulse signals in front and back declines is within 5%, make single-shot EPI-SSFP sequence reach stable state.
2. the production method of fast imaging sequences single-shot EPI-SSFP according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described angle of deflection controls within ± 3/8 π.
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