CN1040740A - 带隔离排泄物弹性衬里的吸液物品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种诸如尿布的一次性使用的吸液物品,具有一个不透液的底层、一个透尿的衬里和一个夹在底层与衬里当中的吸液芯子。衬里具有一个通道让固体排泄物通往芯子,从而将这类排泄物跟使用者的皮肤隔开。衬里至少部分地由弹性嵌片组成。弹性嵌片使通道对准肛门以将通道尺寸降到最小并防止皮肤跟固体排泄物有不必要的接触。
Description
本发明涉及一次性使用的吸液物品,具体涉及具有隔离粪便使之不与使用者皮肤接触之衬里的一次性使用吸液物品。
在本行业中,对一次性使用吸液物品曾作过多次尝试来将粪便跟使用者隔开,粪便贴在皮肤上常常是表皮刺激的一个起因,而且对使用者的皮肤清洗更困难。
1954年10月5日颁发给纳尔逊的美国专利2,690,749公开了一种具有分开的凹口来容纳尿和固体粪便的尿布,1935年6月11日颁发给艾尔索普的美国专利2,004,088公开了一种具有一个大开孔的吸液垫。然而,两个文献都没有提出一种防止固体排泄物与使用者皮肤接触的装置。
1970年10月6日颁发给洛弗莱的美国专利3,532,093公开了一种具有分开的隔段来收集尿和粪的尿布,但是,这种尿布没有一个吸液的芯子,因此使用者会有点不舒服的感觉。
1987年5月5日颁发给威廉士的美国专利4,662,877企图克服这些问题,它公开了一种尿布,这种尿布有非弹性的、不透尿的面层,该面层带有一个开孔让排泄物穿过面层进入尿布的吸液部分,此专利提出了在开孔的两侧应用纵向带弹性的松紧带。
本发明的目的是消除上述的有关一次性使用吸液物品的粪便贴在使用者皮肤上的问题。
本发明包含有一个具有纵轴线的一次性使用吸液物品。一个不透液的底层形成一个盛纳该物品的其它组成件的底座。一个吸液芯子放置在底层上。盖在芯子上面的是一个在使用时一般是贴着使用者皮肤的弹性衬里。衬里有一个通道让排泄物通到插在衬里和芯子之间的空穴内。衬里可以是双轴向带弹性或单轴向带弹性,弹性收缩的主轴线最好与吸液物品的纵轴线在一直线上。
尽管说明书以具体指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的主题的权利要求来总结,通过下面结合附图的说明会更好理解本发明。在附图中,相同件使用相同标号。
图1是按本发明制造的一次性使用尿布的第一实施例的顶视图,此尿布具有一个完全用透尿的弹性材料制成的衬里,芯子用虚线表示;
图2是图1的尿布装配在一个未示出的、站立着的使用者身上的立面剖视图,示出衬里和芯子之间的空穴;
图3是按本发明制造的尿布的第二实施例的顶视图,此尿布具有一个不透尿的衬里,芯子用虚线表示;
图4是第一实施例的一个变型的顶视图,示出一个具有在纵向上设在当中的三分段的尿布;
图5是第一实施例的另一个变型的顶视图,示出一个具有在横向上设在当中的三分段的尿布;
图6是第一实施例的又另一个变型的顶视图,示出一个具有在纵向上从通道偏置的弹性嵌片的尿布。
根据本发明制造的一次性使用物品典型地是一块尿布,也可以是一个月径垫、一个用于大小便失禁的成年人的、或内行人员熟知的任何其它用途的用品,此处所公开的一次性使用物品可用商业上熟知的方法和材料来制造。
此处所介绍的尿布适用于体重从5公斤到11公斤的男女婴儿,如果这种尿布按使用者的尺码来制造,预期各种尺码的使用者都能够使用本发明的尿布。
图1是一个具有这种含有一个弹性衬里12、一个底层14和一个吸液芯子18的吸液物品的典型的基本组成件的、展开和摊平的尿布10的顶视图。
尿布10在摊平展开状态含有一个一般具有砂漏形状的叠层结构。尿布10一般相对于其从前到后的纵轴线对称,该纵轴线一般跟尿布10加工时的机器方向同直线。尿布10的横轴线垂直于其纵轴线并在尿布的中点或靠近中点处与纵轴线相交。这里所用的尿布10的前和后部分被横轴线所界定并通过横轴线相邻接,并且一般就是以使用者所见的尿布10的放置在其前面的和后面的部分。
尿布10包含有一个最好是不透尿的并且是柔韧的底层14,常常使用一种不透明的聚合物片材。底层14提供一个底底座来将尿布10装到使用者的弧形后部,并且该底座盛纳在下面讨论的其它尿布组成件。
底层14切裁成能在使用者两腿之间拉过并用设在底层14背面的条带42系紧在腰部上。一个基本上根据1975年1月14日颁发给布厄尔的美国专利3,860,003所制成的尿布10通过引证结合在本申请中是适用的。
一种厚度从约0.01毫米到约0.3毫米的低密度聚乙烯片材是典型的材料,厚度以约0.03毫米为最好。底层14的纵向尺寸约为45公分,在纵向边缘16两端之间的横向尺寸约为32公分、在纵向边缘16中间部分的横向尺寸约为20公分,是适用的。
与底层14并排并朝向使用者皮肤放置的是一个一般是柔软的、能适应与顺从体形的吸尿的芯子18。芯子18包含有诸如纤维素纤维的任何吸尿材料,典型的是通常称为空气毡的粉碎的纤维素纤维。芯子18可以用弹性线制成或加入填充料,并且还可以包含有吸收性的胶凝聚丙烯酸酯材料以增强芯子的吸收容量。
芯子18设计成可吸收和保持住在吸收物品设定的穿用时间与吸收容量内所预期的排出液体的容量。在这里所描述的实施例中,芯子18最好应具有约300毫升的最小容量以容纳使用者的排尿量。
芯子一般可成矩形,具有两个相对的面,约35~40公分长,约10~15公分宽,当然内行人员很清楚其它形状或尺寸也能使用。芯子18在纵向上比底层要短一些以在尿布10的每个横向边缘26处提供一个自由边缘24。
芯子18可整体地粘贴在底层14上,可以在周边上粘贴到底层14上,也可以不粘贴在底层14上。如果想要把芯子18粘贴在底层14上,可以使用任何一种FDA(美国食品及药物管理局)核准的粘合剂,诸如由俄亥俄州哥伦布市的世纪粘合剂公司制造的世纪5227粘合剂。
芯子18最好保持完整在位、不结块、不碎裂或呈现不适当的厚度变化,否则使用者会感到不舒服以及可能形成不均匀的吸收容量。为了保证芯子18的稳定性并防止发生这些对芯子18的均匀性的干扰,芯子18可以用一个封套20紧紧地罩住。封套20可盖住芯子18一面或两面都盖住,并可用上述粘合剂沿周边或整体地粘贴在底层14上,封套20可由任何一种能透尿的材料、诸如纺丝粘合的或粗梳的聚乙烯或聚丙烯织物制成,织物的厚度约为0.25毫米而单位重量约为16.7克/米2。
跟吸液芯子18(或封套20,如果包括在内的话)并排并朝向使用者皮肤放置的是一个透尿的、一般为非吸收性的弹性衬里12。衬里12是柔软的并且不刺激皮肤。此处所用的衬里12被看作是可透尿的,如果它有一个区或一个部分专门适应于让尿、但一般不让固体粪便通过的话,即使有一部分衬里可能是不透尿的。
弹性衬里12可由一种弹性体纤维的非纺织的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的纺粘型织物或一种非弹性体纤维的针织织物制成。如果选用弹性体织物,最好不要在接触皮肤时有类似天然橡胶的感觉。由日本大阪钟渊公司生产的、单位重量在约25克/米2至约35克/米2之间、厚度在约0.11毫米至约0.21毫米之间的钟渊织物发现是合适的,以单位重量为约25克/米2的为最好。
如果选用针织织物,通常用来制造女人长袜的尼龙是适用的,美国特拉华州威尔明顿市的杜邦公司生产的、单位重量在80克/米2左右的尼龙织物或安特纶/莱克拉织物发现很好用。
衬里12在纵向上收缩或预缩短来增加衬里与使用者臀部的适应性和贴合。纵向收缩的量度与应足以提供一个贴身的贴合,并在使用者整个使用期内做各种动作都能保持衬里贴身。但是纵向收缩的量度不应大到刺激使用者皮肤和在其上勒出道来的程度。
如果选择钟渊织物,衬里12在非收缩状态下有约75%到约100%的伸长率较为有利,并且能很好地用于上面公开的尿布中。如果选用针织尼龙,衬里12在非收缩状态下有约110%的伸长率较有利。
内行人员都知道,弹性体纤维非纺织材料和非弹性体纤维针织材料会提供弹性,只是以不同的方式实现。本发明不会限制于任何操作理论,大家知道,前一种情况通过拉伸弹性体纤维来实现弹性,而后一种情况则是将纤维针织来实现弹性。人们还认识到两种型式的材料都可以有双轴向或单轴向弹性的。最好有一条弹性主轴线的方向基本上平行于尿布10的纵轴线。
衬里12在尺寸和形状方面一般对应于底层14。衬里12至少是部分地、最好是全部地沿周边粘贴到底层14上,将芯子18夹在衬里12和底层14之间。衬里可以用任何公知方法、诸如粘合剂粘贴、热封或超声波焊接来粘贴到底层14上。如果衬里12直接贴附到底层14上(如图所示)或通过一个分立的组成件间接贴附到底层14上,这衬里就被看作是粘贴到底层14上。
衬里12上有一个让排泄物、具体包括但不限于固体粪便通过衬里12进入吸液芯子18的区域的通道22,从而把排泄物跟使用者的皮肤隔开。在一个最佳实施例中,通道22采用一个开孔的形式,此处所用的通道是任何一个足以使粪便无显著障碍地穿过衬里12的开口。此处所用的术语“开孔”包括但不限于孔、槽缝、与其组合。开孔最好是一个两端成弧形的长圆孔。
通道尺寸要在将皮肤跟排泄物的不适当接触降到最低的条件下考虑到适应肛门相对于会阴的位置的各种变化所需的最小尺寸和固体粪便各种断面之间的平衡。最好是通道22的纵向尺寸比横向尺寸大,以保证在将尿布按不同的纵向配合放在婴儿身上时与肛门对齐。
此开孔的纵向尺寸在约4公分到约6公分、横向尺寸在约1.5公分至约6公分之间是合适的。开孔一般在横向上在衬里的中间而在纵向上朝尿布10的底边偏置至少约1公分。
衬里12最好在尿布10的每一端,在其横向边缘26与芯子18的横向边缘之间具有一个称为自由边缘24的非弹性区。这样的布置减小衬里在这自由边缘24区域内的皱摺和收缩,使使用者更舒服并减少沿尿布10腰位的泄漏。同时,通过将衬里12的弹性收缩部分做得比底层14短一些,在衬里12和底层14粘贴在一起时尿布10就朝着衬里12向内弯而产生一个适于容纳使用者的弧形后部的结构。对一个具有如上述的45公分长度的底层14来说,一个具有从约23公分到约36公分的纵向尺寸的纵向弹性部分的典型衬里12是适用的。
纵向收缩的弹性部分至少部分地放置在纵向不靠近通道22的地方,在这里,纵向不靠近指的是衬里12的离开通道22到尿布10的任一个横向边缘26的任何部分,换句话说,在衬里上的任何一点,通过这点引出的平行于横向轴线的线不与通道22相交,那这点就是纵向不靠近通道22。
不受任何操作理论限制,相信这样的布置能使衬里12更好地跟使用者臀部的复杂曲线贴合并排除了通道22的纵向破裂。再者,相信这样的布置使通道22跟使用者的肛门对准促成衬面12紧贴使用者的皮肤。最好是衬里12设有前、后弹性嵌片,在纵向上在通道22的第一边放置一个(包围着通道22),虽然一个带有从通道22纵向偏离的一个前或后弹性嵌片的尿布10提供至少一部分上述的好处,但仍旧在本发明的保护范围内。
如图2所示,当尿布穿上时,纵向收缩尿布衬里12将理想地基本上适合使用者,而吸液芯子18的较大曲率半径将让芯子18脱离衬里12从而在这二者之间产生一个空穴28。换句话说,曲率半径之差在吸液芯子18中产生一浅孔来收集排泄物并把收集物跟使用者皮肤隔开,防止了表皮刺激。
空穴28的容积不是关键的,只要能容纳至少约90克粪便就行。同样,空穴28的形状也不是重要的,而且事实上是不规则的。衬里12最好在通道22附近不粘贴到芯子18上,否则空穴28的容量就会实质上减小了。如有需要,衬里12的吸尿区可粘贴到芯子18上以促使尿穿过衬里12传送。
继续参看图2,在第二实施例中,提供了一个具有一个在纵向上比底层14短的非弹性衬里12的尿布。非弹性衬里12在纵向上相对于底层进行预缩短,并按照上面公开的任何一种公知的粘贴方法在衬里12的横向边缘沿周边粘贴到底层14上。非弹性衬里12最好沿周边全部粘贴到底层14上,包括纵边和横边。内行人员应当理解到衬里12的粘贴横向边缘是一个纵向不靠近衬里的收缩装置。
衬里12和底层14之间有一个较大的纵向尺寸差将会提供一个大一些的空穴28的容积。此处所述的实施例中,衬里12相对于底层14最好予缩短至少约5公分。
非弹性衬里12的材料是柔软的、不利激皮肤的,而且可以是透尿的或不透尿的。一种约0.01毫米到约0.3毫米厚的成形的聚烯烃薄膜是合用的。此处所述的实施例中,一种厚度约为0.03毫米的并具有0到约30%的开孔面积的成形聚烯烃薄膜用起来很好。
如在第一实施例中所讨论的那样,衬里12最好按底层14剪裁并放置使之沿周边粘贴到底层14上与吸液芯子18相连,以提供一个无皱摺和光滑的自由边缘24。显然,衬里12和底层14可以在纵向边缘16处粘贴在一起,并且跟第一实施例一样,最好在全部周边上粘贴住。
从图2可见,第二实施例中的予缩短衬里12最好在衬里12和芯子18中间提供空穴28。在这样一个实施例中,由于不存在纵向收缩衬里12并使之更紧密贴合使用者的皮肤的弹性装置,所以实现并维持一个合适而又贴身的衬里12是更合乎需要的。
在图3所示的第3实施例中,设有一个不透尿的弹性衬里12。这衬里12最好用任何一种本行业公知的材料制成并有上述的特征和物理特性。一种很适用的材料是具有在1978年8月15日颁发给西三的美国专利4,107,364所公开的非弹性纤维的弹性织物,并通过引用结合到本申请中。一种在非收缩状态下具有约25%伸长率的衬里很好用。另外的方案,上述的一种单位重量从约75克/米2到约100克/米2的钟渊织物衬里12是不透尿的,并且在非收缩状态下具有约50%到75%伸长率,发现用起来很好。
为了防止衬里12将尿堵截住或保持在皮肤上,设有一个较大的通道22来容纳两性生殖器官并使尿通到芯子18去。此处所述的实施例中,一个最大纵向尺寸约为12~23公分和横向尺寸约为6~10公分的外突的矩形开孔是适用的,而以纵向尺寸为约18公分和横向尺寸为约8公分为最好。为了把通道22的前缘放置在生殖器之外,将孔纵向地朝尿布10的前端偏置。在此处所述实施例中一个纵向朝尿布10前端约1.6公分的偏置发现用起来很好。
上述尿布的其它更动可有利地利用在任何前述的实施例中。例如,可以用一种具有用不同材料制成的嵌片、包括用上述材料制成的弹性的和非弹性的嵌片的透尿衬里12。
具体地说,如图4所示,衬里12具有由弹性材料制成的前、后嵌片30和一个在纵向上设在中间的非弹性三分段32,该三分段夹在弹性嵌片30中间挨着嵌片30并包围着通道22。这种变型有这样的优点,邻近通道22的非弹性衬里嵌片32,可以比较硬一些,如下所述,将通道22在尿布10使用时保持处于敞开状态。收样制作的弹性嵌片30可能限于嵌片30的中间横向部分,特别可能跟通道22的横向宽度重合。对内行人员来说很明显嵌片30和中间三分段32的材料可以互相调换,这样中间三分段32可由弹性材料制成而嵌片30可由非弹性材料制成。但是,如图所示,在图4中所示的几种尿布衬里12并不一定需要任何一个三分段32的面积或长度等于任何其它给定的三分段的面积或长度,或对称于任一条轴线。另外的方案,如图5所示,可以用一种具有一个在横向上设在中间的弹性三分段34带着非弹性的邻接侧嵌片36的衬里12。这种布置有如上所述的优点,通道22由于放置了弹性嵌片34而被纵向拉紧。如图5所示的通道两边相对的尿布衬里12发现对女婴更适用。这样一种衬里12具有一个在横向上设在中间的非弹性三分段34夹在弹性侧嵌片36中间挨着嵌片36。如结合图4所描述的那样,图5所示的尿布10并不一定需要任何一个三分段的面积或长度等于任何其它给定的三分段的面积或长度,或对称于任一轴线。
图6所示的是又另一种方案,可以有利地使用这一种尿布10,这种尿布具有一个在纵向上偏离通道22的、可以包围着也可以不包围着通道22的弹性前(或后)嵌片40,和一个非弹性的后(或前)嵌片40。这样一个改型有这样的优点,使尿布10可有选择地更紧密地贴合使用者的臀部或生殖器官。所有这些变动,包括对任一条轴线对称或对两条轴线都对称的那些尿布都认为属于本发明的保护范围之内。
如上所述,这些弹性的和非弹性的嵌片可以用熟悉本专性的普通技术人员公知的任何方法、包括粘合剂粘接、热封、和超声焊接,连接在一起,相邻嵌片的连接最好没有缝,这些缝会擦伤或刺激使用者的皮肤。
熟悉本专业的普通技术人员都清楚,其它尺寸和形状的通道22开孔也是可以让排泄物穿过衬里12的。例如,一个上述尺寸的菱形的、其对角朝向纵向和横向的开孔是适用的,也可以用纵向尺寸从约4公分到约6公分、横向尺寸为0.5的缝隙状的开孔。如果尿布10要用于较大的婴儿,就需要有一个较大的通道22在更靠近尿布10的后方设置。所有这样的通道22都在本发明的保护范围之内。
如有需要,靠近通道22的衬里部分12可以加强以防止撕裂或起皱摺。这种加强可通过提供一个在邻近通道22和跟通道22同心的一条带内的、并且具有一个约1.0到2.0公分的径向尺寸的双层材料厚度的衬里12来实现。
另外的方案是,通道22可以进行弹性化,这样,在固体粪便通过之前,它的尺寸是较小的。所说的弹性化可以通过用松紧带来圈住通道22来实现。此处所用的松紧带可以有任何横截面,其长度显著地大于其横向量度。具有一个在未拉伸的状态下的矩形横截面尺寸约为2.4毫米~6.4毫米×0.2毫米、在约100%~200%伸长率下其弹性模量约为125,000公斤/米2的松紧带是适用的。在非收缩状态下,松紧带可有利地具有50%~100%的伸长率,对于较大圆周的孔一般最好有较高的伸长率。发现由北卡罗来纳州的富尔福莱斯公司制造的富尔福莱斯9411带使用效果很好。
如有需要,可以在上述任何实施例中的衬里12设置一个横向收缩装置,例如,通过将弹性收缩的一个主轴定向于任何一个非纵向方向。此方法对双轴向弹性材料与单轴向弹性材料都是可行的。
横向收缩的大小不是关键的,但可用来基本上抵消任何由于纵向收缩所引起的横向缩颈。如果所用的是具有约110%的纵向非收缩伸长率的针织尼龙织物,发现从在衬里12的横向边缘的约10%增加到在衬里12的中心的约190%的横向收缩率使用效果很好。通过横向收缩量随着趋近尿布10的中心而增加,通道22可被拉开,因此使固体粪便更容易通过衬里12进入到衬里12和吸液芯子18之间的空穴28内。
Claims (8)
1、一种具有一条纵轴线的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于该物品包含有:
一个不透尿的底层;
一个具有至少一个适于让排泄物穿过该衬里的通道的弹性衬里,该衬里至少以部分周边粘贴到该底层上;
一个夹在该衬里与该底层当中的吸液芯子。
2、一种具有一条纵轴线的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于该物品包含有:
一个不透尿的底层;
一个具有至少一个适于让排泄物穿过该衬里的通道的衬里,该衬里还具有一个用第一种材料制成的三分段和两个用第二种材料制成的嵌片,该三分段在纵向上设置在所述两嵌片的当中,该第一种和该第二种材料之一种是弹性的,另外那种是非弹性的,该衬里至少以部分周边粘贴到该底层上;
一个夹在该衬里与该底层当中的吸液芯子。
3、一种具有一条纵轴线的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于该物品包含有:
一个不透尿的底层;
一个具有至少一个适于让排泄物穿过该衬里的通道的衬里,该衬里还具有一个用第一种材料制成的三分段和两个用第二种材料制成的嵌片,该三分段在横向上设置在所述两嵌片的当中,该第一种和该第二种材料中之一种是弹性的,另外那种是非弹性的,该衬里至少以部分周边粘贴到该底层上;
一个夹在该衬里与该底层当中的吸液芯子。
4、一种具有一条纵轴线的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于该物品包含有:
一个不透尿的底层;
一个具有至少一个适于让排泄物穿过该衬里的通道的衬里,该衬里还具有一个在纵向上偏离该通道并设置在该通道前面的、并用第一种材料制成的嵌片,该衬里还具有一个在纵向上偏离该通道并设置在该通道后面的、并用第二种材料制成的嵌片,该第一种和该第二种材料中之一是弹性的,另外那种是非弹性的,该衬里至少以部分周边粘贴到该底层上;
一个夹在该衬里与该底层当中的吸液芯子。
5、按权利要求1、2、3或4的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于所述通道是一个开孔。
6、按权利要求5的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于所述通道具有一个比其横向尺寸大的纵向尺寸。
7、按权利要求1、2、3或4的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于该物品还包含有一个用于横向收缩所述衬里的装置。
8、按权利要求7的一次性使用的吸液物品,其特征在于所述用于横向收缩所述衬里的装置包含有一个具有一条沿一个非纵向方向取向的弹性收缩主轴线的弹性衬里嵌片。
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US07/241,165 US4990147A (en) | 1988-09-02 | 1988-09-02 | Absorbent article with elastic liner for waste material isolation |
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- 1989-08-17 ES ES89308361T patent/ES2051369T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-17 DE DE68914923T patent/DE68914923T3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-17 EP EP89308361A patent/EP0359410B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-29 CA CA000609680A patent/CA1332094C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-31 DK DK429289A patent/DK429289A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-08-31 EG EG42689A patent/EG18812A/xx active
- 1989-08-31 PT PT91605A patent/PT91605B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-31 MX MX017392A patent/MX167059B/es unknown
- 1989-09-01 KR KR1019890012637A patent/KR0134190B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-01 PH PH39195A patent/PH26143A/en unknown
- 1989-09-01 IE IE282689A patent/IE62812B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1989-09-01 NZ NZ230528A patent/NZ230528A/xx unknown
- 1989-09-01 FI FI894114A patent/FI95652C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-01 MA MA21877A patent/MA21623A1/fr unknown
- 1989-09-01 JP JP1227302A patent/JP2825545B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-01 AU AU40952/89A patent/AU4095289A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-09-02 CN CN89107120A patent/CN1020067C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN101010053B (zh) * | 2004-09-13 | 2012-07-18 | 宝洁公司 | 带有尿液可渗透的覆盖片的吸收制品 |
CN102036634A (zh) * | 2008-03-26 | 2011-04-27 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | 一次性的短裤型尿布 |
CN108852630A (zh) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-23 | 广东美捷威通生物科技有限公司 | 一种新型纸尿裤 |
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