CN1040394C - 用于口腔卫生的抗微生物组合物及其涂敷的牙刷 - Google Patents

用于口腔卫生的抗微生物组合物及其涂敷的牙刷 Download PDF

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CN1040394C
CN1040394C CN92111397A CN92111397A CN1040394C CN 1040394 C CN1040394 C CN 1040394C CN 92111397 A CN92111397 A CN 92111397A CN 92111397 A CN92111397 A CN 92111397A CN 1040394 C CN1040394 C CN 1040394C
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斯潘塞
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Abstract

一种抗微生物组合物，其中包括在其外表面上已吸附了抗微生物剂的颗粒所说的颗粒例如可用来涂敷牙刷毛。颗粒较好是聚合物微球如聚苯乙烯微球。抗微生物剂例如可以是洗必太。

Description

用于口腔卫生的抗微生物组合物及其涂敷的牙刷
本发明涉及用于口腔卫生的抗微生物组合物及其涂敷的牙刷。
大多数人都患有由口腔细菌引起的龋齿和牙周病。因此，减少口腔中的细菌数目一直是口腔保健领域工作者的目标。有规律地刷牙和使用牙线，并由牙科医生彻底清洁牙齿和牙龈是减少口腔细菌的最常用方法。用含有已知抗菌剂如二葡糖酸洗必太的溶液清洗是控制口腔细菌的另一种方法。
用洗必太溶液冲洗的一个主要副作用是在牙齿、舌头和充填物上出现黄褐斑。虽然可以专业化除去这种污斑，但这并不符合美容要求。除斑迹外，还可产生对甜和咸味的味觉紊乱，并且有很少数人会出现口腔粘膜的鳞屑和疼痛。产生这些副作用的原因主要是在冲洗过程中使用了高浓度的洗必太或其盐。
牙刷用过后，即使是在冲洗后，刷毛上仍会附着大量的细菌。这当然是人们不期望的，而且在每次使用之间这些细菌通常会在刷毛上繁殖。为解决这一问题，现有技术文献中已描述了各种能够自身消毒的牙刷。
一方面，本发明描述了刷毛上涂布有固体颗粒的牙刷，所说的固体颗粒已吸附了某种抗微生物剂(如洗必太)。在刷牙过程中，颗粒从刷毛上释放并与口腔表面、牙齿、牙龈接触，粘附于其表面上并以相对低的浓度提供良好的抗微生物作用，从而限制了洗必太的副作用。此外，因为在使用之间这些颗粒抑制刷毛上细菌的生长，所以颗粒能使牙刷自身消毒。
优选的颗粒是直径在0.05μ至1μ之间，最好在0.3μ至1μ之间的聚合物如聚苯乙烯颗粒。也可使用其他类型的有机聚合物颗粒，包如聚乙烯甲苯和异丁烯酸酯一苯乙烯共聚物。
颗粒最好带有离子电荷，优选的抗微生物剂带有与优选颗粒相反的离子电荷。优选的抗微生物剂洗必太带正电荷，优选的聚苯乙烯微球外表面则带有负电荷。
本发明的另一个方面描述了含有颗粒的组合物，所说的颗粒带有被吸附的抗微生物剂。该组合物的一种特征是包括外表面上吸附了抗微生物剂的颗粒；只在颗粒外表面上吸附抗微生物剂，以使抗微生物剂得到有效地利用。组合物的另一个特征是包括直径在0.01μ和10μ之间的颗粒。这些组合物可包括在刷毛上、牙膏中、口腔冲洗液中、以及牙线中。
本发明的另一个方面描述了带损耗标志的牙刷。牙刷的刷毛包含在使用时释放的有色颗粒，导致牙刷的刷毛失去颜色，并指示刷毛磨损的程度。并可用所说牙刷的刷毛刷动物的牙齿，也同样有效。
本文所说的涂敷的刷毛是指至少两个或多个构成普通牙刷之刷毛的纤维，其部分表面有相对均匀分布的颗粒。涂敷并不意味着表面部分全部复盖了颗粒。
本文所说的微球是指一般为球形的颗粒。
本文所说的直径是指微球的平均直径。
可从对本发明优选实施例的描述及权利要求中更清楚地了解本发明的其他特征和优点。
优选的颗粒是表面吸附了洗必太的带一种电荷的聚苯乙烯微球。颗粒最好包含在牙刷的刷毛上。
可从不同来源如Interfacial Dynamics Corp.(Portland，Oregon)得到作为在蒸馏水中制成之5.41％(W/W)悬浮液的聚苯乙烯微球。微球是羧基化修饰的高负表面电荷密度的亲水乳胶。优选的微球平均直径小于1μ，且大于0.05μ，最好大于0.3μ。平均直径过大的微球将提供过低的洗必太剂量。用于牙刷的最佳微球平均直径为0.865μ。用于生产优选聚苯乙烯微球的一般方法是已知的并己作过描述，如参见Chung-Li et al.，Progress inColloid and Polymer Science，Vol.60，PP.163-175(1976)；Goodwin etal.，Journal of Colloid and Polymerscience，Vol.252，PP.464(1974)；Goodwin et al.，British PolymerJournal，Vol.5，PP.347(1973)。
可以从多种来源如Pliva Pharmaceutical(Zagreb，Yugoslavia)和ICI公司(England)得到作为20％(W/W)含水溶液的葡糖酸洗必太。洗必太含有两个带正电荷的双脂基团；葡糖酸则为带相反电荷的离子。
可首先用水制备500mg/ml的葡糖酸洗必太溶液，以得到优选的洗必太处理的颗粒。所得到的溶液pH略小于(7.0；加入NaOH将pH提高到9。将一部分(39.6ml)洗必太溶液转移到50ml离心管内，加入0.4ml聚苯乙烯微球悬液(批号10-36-23，Interfacial Dynamics Corp。生产；5.41％(W/W))，使其终浓度达到0.54mg/ml，缓慢摇荡混合物以避免起泡。然后将离心管放在振荡水浴器中40℃下水浴1小时(80rpm)，再将分散液以3050rpm离心30分钟，以分离出处理过的颗粒。用注射器小心抽出上清液。再将颗粒分散于40ml水中，并以3050rpm离心45分钟。再次小心除去上清液(避免搅动颗粒)，并重新分散于50ml水中贮存备用。
预先经洗必太处理的颗粒的电子扫描显微照片(35,000倍)显示颗粒表面光滑，同时处理过的颗粒表面上有沉淀物质的随机隆起。
洗必太溶液的pH影响其吸附量。在pH7-9范围内，颗粒表面是稳定的；但由于洗必太分子有两个双胍基团(PKa2.2和10.3)，故随着溶液的pH增加洗必太分子群体逐渐改变为带较少电荷。随着电荷减少，分子在表面上较密集地集中，因而可吸附更多的洗必太。
最好是使尽可能多的洗必太吸附到微球表面上。颗粒吸附之洗必太的量最好每毫克微球100μg洗必太。
为了制备有涂敷了颗粒之刷毛的牙刷，首先将300ml洗必太处理的颗粒放入一聚苯乙烯烧杯中。将10个牙刷〔P-35，由Oral-B Labo ratories(Redwood City，California)出售〕插入在聚苯乙烯泡沫支架上形成的环形孔内，刷毛向内；用带子环绕牙刷而将其绑牢。作为搅拌杆固定支架，同时使牙刷头处于推进器下方。将组装物降入分散液内以足可浸没牙刷头和推进器。以150rpm将分散液搅拌24小时。除去含分散液的烧杯，并换成含300ml蒸馏水的新烧杯。以150rpm将牙刷冲洗5分钟；然后用含水的新烧杯重复此冲洗过程。将牙刷放入烤箱内以67℃干燥之，然后置于65％相对湿度的箱内室温储存。
在上述过程中，洗必太处理的颗粒包被了牙刷的尼龙纤维。经对刷毛进行氯仿提取，确定每支牙刷上负载的总颗粒为0.87mg。刷毛的照片(放大3,000倍)显示纤维上包被有相对均匀的颗粒。
使用时，牙刷在口腔释放颗粒，后者则释放出抑制细菌的洗必太。每次刷牙时只有部分颗粒从刷毛上释放，结果在刷毛上提供的微球用完之前，多次使用过程中牙刷只提供低剂量的洗必太。另外，据信在刷牙后，从刷毛上释放的颗粒附着在口腔内面上，缓慢释放洗必太，即使在刷牙完成后仍可抑制细菌生长。由于刷牙后仍有部分颗粒，所以刷毛本身可以自身消毒。
              其他实施方案
其他实施方案包括于后述权利要求范围内。例如，适于吸附于颗粒上的抗微生物剂包括双缩二胍如带正电荷的双胍啶，双吡啶如癸双辛胺啶(正电荷)；嘧啶如  合克替啶  (正电荷)；季铵离子如十六烷基吡啶鎓、杜灭芬、苄烷胺、苄乙铵(均带正电荷)；生物碱如血根碱(正电荷)；重金属离子如锌、二价锡和铜(均带正电荷)；表面活性剂如十二烷基硫酸酯、十二烷基肌氨酸盐和脱氧胆酸酯(均带负电荷)；酚化合物如桉叶油素、己基间二酚、薄荷醇、水杨酸甲酯、苯酚、2-苯基苯酚及百里酚；抗生素如红霉素、卡那霉素、灭滴灵、尼达霉素、螺旋霉素及四环素；酶如淀粉葡糖苷酶、葡糖氧化酶及突变酶，这些酶可包括正和负两种电荷。当然，也可用洗必太的其他盐取代二葡糖酸盐。优选的抗微生物剂应带有电荷(阳离子或阴离子)，而且应选择表面上带有与抗微生物剂相反电荷的颗粒。其他适用的带电荷颗粒包括表面带正电荷的聚苯乙烯微球(也可由Interfacial Dynamics Corp.购得)，由带负电荷之硫酸根基团的聚乙烯甲苯制得的颗粒，由带有正或负电荷表面的异丁烯酸-苯乙烯共聚物制得的颗粒，以及带有负电荷的二氧化硅颗粒。其他适用的无机颗粒包括碳(负电荷)、氢氧化铬(正或负电荷)，粘土(负电荷)、羟基磷灰石(正或负电荷)、氧化铁(正或负电荷)、云母(负电荷)、二氧化硅(负电荷)以及二氧化钛(负电荷)。其他适用的有机颗粒包括聚合物如聚甲异丁烯酸酯(少量负电荷)、羧甲基纤维素(负电荷)、共聚物如苯乙烯/异丁烯酸酯或其他丙烯酸酯(少量负电荷)、苯乙烯/2-乙烯基吡啶(正电荷)以及四氟乙烯/丙烯(负电荷)。颗粒大小应在0.01μ至10μ之间，并按照优选实施例中所述的相似方法使带有与颗粒相反电荷的抗微生物剂吸附到颗粒表面上。
为了发生吸附，颗粒显然不一定要有与抗微生物剂相反的电荷。用二葡糖酸洗必太处理带正电荷的聚苯乙烯颗粒(批号20-107-3，购自Interfacial Dynamics Corp.)，然后用前述相同方法加工，结果同样可使洗必太吸附到颗粒表面上。
除牙刷外，也可在其他应用中使用颗粒。例如，可按上述制备牙刷的相似方法用颗粒包被或浸渍牙线。此外，可在牙膏或漱口液中加用颗粒。例如当将洗必太吸附到聚苯乙烯微球表面上之后，可用所得到的分散液作漱口液。当然，牙膏和漱口液的其他成分应是与颗粒和抗微生物剂离子相容的；因此，如将洗必太用作抗微生物剂，则组合物中不应包括带负电荷的表面活性剂。更可取的是，牙刷或漱口液应只包括非离子表面活性剂。另外，可用聚酯代替尼龙纤维制作牙刷的刷毛。
可将颗粒制成带颜色的。可用各种染料，如非荧光、荧光的、多颜色的(依赖于波长的不同荧光颜色)或化学发光的(在化学物质存在下发光)染料着染颗粒。非荧光染料包被之颗粒的例子包括可由Interfacial Dynamics Corp.(Portland，Oregon)购得的红色、黄色和兰色聚苯乙烯微球(有带负电荷的硫酸根、羧基或羰酸酯修饰的表面基团)；可购自Polysciences，Inc.(Warrington，Pennsylvania)的黄色、红色、兰色和紫色聚苯乙烯和羧酸酯修饰的聚苯乙烯微球；以及黄色、红色、兰色、褐色和黑色聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球荧光染料包被之颗粒的例子包括可从上述供应者处获得的带有脒、羧基、硫酸根、羧酸酯修饰的或醛修饰的表面基团的聚苯乙烯微球。也可从Polysciences购得多色的或化学发光的颗粒。
可用上述方法将吸附或未吸附抗微生物剂的有色颗粒包被在牙刷的刷毛上。颗粒为刷毛提供的颜色可随着不断使用和颗粒的释放而减少。颜色的丢失可作为牙刷上颗粒损耗量的指征，并且如果颗粒上结合了抗微生物剂，亦可作为抗菌能力丧失的指征。
可按下述方法制备带磨损指征的牙刷。由Polysciences，Inc.得到兰色着染的羧酸酯修饰的聚苯乙烯微球(0.98μ)。按前述方法用洗必太处理微球，但不同的是所用洗必太溶液浓度为100μg/ml。平均洗必太(CHG)吸附量为93±3μgCHG/mg胶乳，或1.60±0.05μg CHG/cm2，这一平均量稍小于标准非着染颗粒的量(130±20μgCHG/mg胶乳或1.98±0.30μg CHG/cm2)。按照前述方法用CHG处理的兰色颗粒涂敷Oral-B-rP-35牙刷。涂敷的牙刷呈兰色。在牙刷磨损机上，以在水中5,000转的磨损条件(这一条件代表了在家庭中刷牙约2个月)对少数牙刷进行试验。结果磨损的牙刷约占刷毛长度的四分之三丢去了兰色颗粒。剩下的颗粒明显集中于接近牙刷基部的刷毛区域。因此，使用兰色颗粒为消费者提供了表明牙刷磨损水平以及抗微生物剂消耗程度的可见指示物。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于口腔卫生包括牙膏、牙线或口腔冲洗液的抗微生物组合物，其中包括其外表面离子带电的固体颗粒，在该外表面上的抗微生物剂是离子带电的，与所述的外表面的离子电荷相反而吸附，所说的组合物中抗微生物剂只存在于所说的外表面上。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中所说的抗微生物剂包括洗必太。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中所说的颗粒直径为0.01到10微米。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中所说的颗粒直径为0.05到1微米。
5.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中所说的颗粒具有一个或多个下述特征：
(a)它们包括聚苯乙烯；
(b)它们包括涂敷了洗必太的聚苯乙烯；
(c)所说的外表面是带负电荷的；
(d)所说的颗粒包括有机聚合物。
6.一种包括柄和刷毛的牙刷，其中所说的刷毛上涂敷有根据权利要求1至5中任一项的组合物。
7.根据权利要求6的牙刷，其中颗粒制成带颜色的并在使用时可由所说的刷毛上释放颜色，从而可提供所说刷毛磨损程度的指征。
CN92111397A 1991-09-13 1992-09-12 用于口腔卫生的抗微生物组合物及其涂敷的牙刷 Expired - Fee Related CN1040394C (zh)

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US5300290A (en) 1994-04-05
US5720941A (en) 1998-02-24
US5565206A (en) 1996-10-15
US5320842A (en) 1994-06-14
WO1993005680A1 (en) 1993-04-01
AU2573492A (en) 1993-04-27
ZA926907B (en) 1993-03-16
MX9205206A (es) 1993-04-01
DE4293451T1 (de) 1994-09-08
AU675206B2 (en) 1997-01-30
CN1076078A (zh) 1993-09-15

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