CN103957773A - 具有增强型部分电源的通信系统及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有增强型部分电源的通信系统及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103957773A
CN103957773A CN201280043578.4A CN201280043578A CN103957773A CN 103957773 A CN103957773 A CN 103957773A CN 201280043578 A CN201280043578 A CN 201280043578A CN 103957773 A CN103957773 A CN 103957773A
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杰里米·弗兰克
彼得·比杰勒帝赫
霍曼·哈菲奇
罗伯特·阿塞韦多
罗伯特·达克
伊利娅·佩西克
本尼迪克特·科斯特洛
艾瑞克·斯奈德
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Proteus Digital Health Inc
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Proteus Biomedical Inc
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Abstract

本发明的系统包括传导元件、电子组件和呈相异材料形式的部分电源。在与导电流体接触后,形成电压电势且完成所述电源,这激活所述系统。所述电子组件控制所述相异材料之间的电导性以产生唯一电流签名。所述系统还可以测量包围所述系统的环境的条件。

Description

具有增强型部分电源的通信系统及其制造方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2011年7月11日提交的名称为“具有增强型部分电源的通信系统及其制造方法(Communication System with Enhanced Partial Power Source and Method ofManufacturing the Same)”申请号为13/180,525的美国专利申请的部分接续案,所述申请号为13/180,525的美国专利申请是2009年9月21日提交的名称为“具有部分电源的通信系统(Communication System with Partial Power Source)”并且在2010年4月1日公开的公开号为US2010-0081894A1的申请号为12/564,017的美国专利申请的部分接续案,所述申请号为12/564,017的美国专利申请是2008年6月23日提交的名称为“药物信息系统(Pharma-Informatics System)”并且在2008年11月20日公开的美国公开号为2008-0284599A1的申请号为11/912,475的美国专利申请的部分接续申请,所述申请号为11/912,475的美国专利申请是2006年4月28日提交的名称为“药物信息系统(Pharma-Informatics System)”并且公开为WO2006/116718的WO申请的申请号为PCT/US06/16370的PCT申请的371申请,所述申请依据35U.S.C.§119(e),主张以下申请的申请日期的优先权:2005年4月28日提交的名称为“药物信息系统(Pharma-Informatics System)”申请号为60/675,145的美国临时专利申请;2005年6月24日提交的名称为“药物信息系统(Pharma-Informatics System)”申请号为60/694,078的美国临时专利申请;2005年9月1日提交的名称为“使用患者身体内的信息的近场无线通信的医学诊断和治疗平台(Medical Diagnostic And Treatment Platform UsingNear-Field Wireless Communication Of Information Within A Patient’s Body)”申请号为60/713,680的美国临时专利申请;以及2006年4月7日提交的名称为“药物信息系统(Pharma-Informatics System)”申请号为60/790,335的美国临时专利申请;这些申请的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
本申请与2011年7月11日提交的以下美国申请相关(所述美国申请的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中):2011年7月11日提交的名称为“具有远程激活的通信系统(COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH REMOTE ACTIVATION)”申请号为13/180,516的美国申请;2011年7月11日提交的名称为“具有多种电力类型的通信系统(COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE TYPES OF POWER)”申请号为13/180,498的美国申请;2011年7月11日提交的名称为“使用可植入装置的通信系统(COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING AN IMPLANTABLE DEVICE)”申请号为13/180,539的美国申请;2011年7月11日提交的名称为“使用多味药剂共同包装药物计量单元的通信系统(COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING POLYPHARMACYCO-PACKAGED MEDICATION DOSING UNIT)”申请号为13/180,538的美国申请;以及2011年7月11日提交的名称为“并入在可摄取产品中的通信系统(COMMUNICATION SYSTEM INCORPORATED IN AN INGESTIBLE PRODUCT)”申请号为13/180,507的美国申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于检测事件的通信系统。更具体地说,本公开包括一种系统,其包括具有各种电源和通信方案的装置。
背景技术
包括电子电路的可摄取装置已被提议用在多种不同医学应用中,所述医学应用包括诊断应用和治疗应用两种。这些装置通常需要用于操作的内部电力供应。此类可摄取装置的实例是可摄取电子胶囊,其在通过身体时收集数据并且将数据发射到外部接收器系统。这类电子胶囊的实例是体内摄像机。可吞食胶囊包括相机系统和光学系统,所述光学系统用于将关注区域成像到相机系统上。发射器发射相机系统的视频输出,并且接收系统接收所发射的视频输出。其它实例包括可摄取成像装置,其具有内部自持电源且从身体内腔或空腔内获得图像。所述装置的电子电路组件由惰性不消化壳体(例如,玻璃壳体)封闭,所述壳体穿过身体内部。其它实例包括可摄取数据记录器胶囊医学装置。所公开的装置的电子电路(例如,传感器、记录器、电池等)容纳在由惰性材料制成的胶囊中。
在其它实例中,在药品摄取监视应用中使用易碎射频识别(RFID)标签。为了使RFID标签可操作,每一RFID标签需要内部电力供应。RFID标签是被配置以发射射频信号穿过身体的天线结构。
这些现有装置造成的问题是,电源在装置内部,且此类电源的生产成本高,且在电源泄漏或受损的情况下可能对周围环境有害。另外,具有从装置延伸出来的天线是与当在体内使用装置时天线受损或造成问题有关的关心问题。因此,需要具有不需要内部电源和天线的电路的合适系统。
发明内容
本公开包括一种用于产生指示事件的发生的唯一签名的系统。所述系统包括可以放置在包括导电流体的某些环境内的电路和组件。此类环境的一个实例在容纳导电流体的容器内,例如具有溶液的密封袋,其包括IV袋。另一实例在活生物体(例如动物或人类)的身体内。所述系统是可摄取和/或可消化或部分可消化的。所述系统包括安置在框架上的相异材料,使得当导电流体与相异材料形成接触时,形成电压电势差。电压电势差以及因此电压用以对安置在框架内的控制逻辑上电。离子或电流经由控制逻辑且接着穿过导电流体从第一相异材料流动到第二相异材料以完成电路。控制逻辑控制所述两种相异材料之间的电导性,因此控制或调制电导性。
由于可摄取电路是由可摄取且甚至可消化的组分制成的,所以所述可摄取电路产生极少(如果有的话)不需要的副作用,即使当在长期情况下使用时。可以包括的组件的范围的实例是:逻辑和/或存储器元件;操纵器;信号发射元件;以及无源元件,例如电阻器或电感器。支撑件的表面上的一个或一个以上组件可以按任何便利配置来布置。在固体支撑件的表面上存在两个或两个以上组件的情况下,可以提供互连件。可摄取电路的所有组件和支撑件是可摄取的,且在某些例子中,是可消化或部分可消化的。此外,根据用以增强材料的粘附的工艺来制造电路。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的教导的具有事件指示器系统的药物产品,其中所述产品和事件指示器系统组合位于身体内。
图2A示出图1的药物产品,其中事件指示器系统位于药物产品的外部上。
图2B示出图1的药物产品,其中事件指示器系统安置在药物产品内部。
图3是相反末端上安置有相异金属的事件指示器系统的一个方面的框图表示。
图4是同一末端上安置有相异金属且所述相异金属由不导电材料分开的事件指示器系统的另一方面的框图表示。
图5示出当图3的事件指示器系统与导电液体接触且处于活动状态时穿过导电流体的离子转移或电流路径。
图5A示出图5的相异材料的表面的分解图。
图5B示出具有pH传感器单元的图5的事件指示器系统。
图5C示出根据本发明的另一方面的事件指示器系统。
图6是图3和图4的系统中所使用的控制装置的一个方面的框图说明。
图7示出根据本发明的事件指示器系统的横截面侧视图。
图8是根据本发明的图7的事件指示器系统的两个组件的分解图。
图9是根据本发明的图7的事件指示器系统的一部分的组装过程。
图10示出根据本发明的具有多个事件指示器系统的晶片。
图11示出根据本发明的具有用于接纳形成图7的事件指示器系统的一部分的装置的孔的不导电膜片。
图12是根据一个方面的可以存在于接收器中的执行相干解调的解调电路的功能框图。
图13说明根据一个方面的接收器内的信标模块的功能框图。
图14是根据一个方面的可以存在于接收器中的不同功能模块的框图。
图15是根据一个方面的接收器的框图。
图16提供根据一个方面的接收器中的高频信号链的框图。
图17提供根据一个方面的可以如何利用包括信号接收器和可摄取事件标示器的系统的图。
具体实施方式
本公开包括用于指示事件的发生的多个方面。如下文较详细描述,本发明的系统与导电流体一起使用以指示由所述导电流体与所述系统之间的接触标示的事件。举例来说,本公开的系统可以与药物产品一起使用,并且所指示的事件是何时服用或摄取所述产品。术语“摄取”应理解为意指将所述系统以任何方式引入到身体内部。举例来说,摄取包括简单地将系统放在口中一路直到降结肠。因此,术语“摄取”指代在将系统引入到含有导电流体的环境时的任何时刻。另一实例将是不导电流体与导电流体混合时的情形。在此类情形中,所述系统将存在于不导电流体中,且当两种流体混合时,所述系统与导电流体形成接触并且所述系统被激活。又一实例将是需要检测某些导电流体是否存在时的情形。在这些例子中,可以检测所述系统(其将被激活)在导电流体内的存在,因此将检测到相应流体的存在。
再次参看其中系统与由活生物体摄取的产品一起使用的例子,当服用或摄取包括所述系统的产品时,装置与身体的导电流体形成接触。当本发明的系统与体液形成接触时,形成电压电势且系统被激活。电源的一部分由装置提供,而电源的另一部分由导电流体提供,这在下文中详细论述。
现在参看图1,示出了在身体内部的包括本发明的系统的可摄取产品14。产品14被配置为呈药丸或胶囊形式的可口服摄取的药物剂型。在摄取后,药丸移动到胃部。在到达胃部后,产品14与胃液18接触,且经历与胃液18中的各种物质(例如盐酸和其它消化剂)的化学反应。参考药物环境来论述本发明的系统。然而,本发明的范围不限于此。本发明可以用于其中存在或通过混合产生导电流体的两种或两种以上组分而变得存在导电流体的任何环境。
现在参看图2A,示出了类似于图1的产品14的药物产品10,其具有系统12,例如可摄取事件标示器或离子发射模块。本发明的范围不受产品10的形状或类型限制。举例来说,所属领域的技术人员将清楚,产品10可以为胶囊、缓释口服剂、药片、凝胶帽、舌下药片或可以与系统12组合的任何口服剂产品。在所参考的方面中,产品10使用已知的将微装置紧固到药物产品外部的方法来使系统12紧固到外部。用于将微装置紧固到产品的方法的实例在以下申请中公开:2009年1月1日提交的名称为“可摄取事件标示器的高产量生产(HIGH-THROUGHPUT PRODUCTION OF INGESTIBLE EVENTMARKERS)”申请号为61/142,849的美国临时申请;以及2009年5月12日提交的名称为“包括识别符和可摄取组件的可摄取事件标示器(INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERSCOMPRISING AN IDENTIFIER AND AN INGESTIBLE COMPONENT)”申请号为61/177,611的美国临时申请,每一个申请的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。一旦被摄取,系统12便与体液形成接触且系统12被激活。系统12利用电压电势差来上电,且此后调制电导性以创建唯一且可识别的电流签名。激活后,系统12控制电导性且因此控制电流流动以产生电流签名。
存在延迟系统12的激活的各种理由。为了延迟系统12的激活,系统12可以被涂覆有屏蔽材料或保护层。所述层在一段时间后溶解,进而允许系统12在产品10已经到达目标位置时被激活。
现在参看图2B,示出类似于图1的产品14的药物产品20,其具有系统22,例如可摄取事件标示器或可识别发射模块。本发明的范围不受系统22被引入到的环境限制。举例来说,系统22可以封闭在附加于/独立于药物产品来服用的胶囊中。所述胶囊可以仅仅是用于系统22的载体,并且可以不含有任何产品。此外,本发明的范围不受产品20的形状或类型限制。举例来说,所属领域的技术人员将清楚,产品20可以为胶囊、缓释口服剂、药片、凝胶帽、舌下药片或任何口服剂产品。在所参考的方面中,产品20使系统22安置在产品20内部或紧固到产品20的内部。在一个方面中,系统22紧固到产品20的内壁。当系统22安置在凝胶胶囊内部时,那么凝胶胶囊的内含物是不导电凝胶液体。另一方面,如果凝胶胶囊的内含物是导电凝胶液体,那么在替代方面中,系统22被涂覆有保护罩以防止被凝胶胶囊内含物不必要地激活。如果胶囊的内含物是干燥粉末或微球体,那么系统22安置或放置在胶囊内。如果产品20是药片或硬药丸,那么系统22被固持在药片内部的恰当位置处。一旦被摄取,含有系统22的产品20便溶解。系统22与体液形成接触,且系统22被激活。取决于产品20,系统22可以安置在中心附近或周边附近位置中,这取决于系统22的开始摄取与激活的时刻之间的希望的激活延迟。举例来说,用于系统22的中心位置意味着系统22将需要较长时间来与导电液体接触,因此系统22将需要较长时间来激活。因此,将需要较长时间来检测事件的发生。
现在参看图3,在一个方面中,图2A的系统12和图2B的系统22被更详细地示出为系统30。系统30可以与任何药物产品联合使用,如上文所提及,以确定何时患者服用所述药物产品。如上文所指示,本发明的范围不受环境和与系统30一起使用的产品限制。举例来说,系统30可以放置在胶囊内,且胶囊放置在导电液体内。胶囊将接着在一段时间后溶解并且将系统30释放到导电液体中。因此,在一个方面中,胶囊将含有系统30而没有产品。那么此类胶囊可以用于存在导电液体的任何环境中以及与任何产品一起使用。举例来说,胶囊可以丢到填充有喷气燃料、盐水、番茄酱、机油或任何类似产品的容器中。另外,可以在摄取任何药物产品的同时摄取含有系统30的胶囊以便记录事件的发生,例如何时服用所述产品。
在与药物产品组合的系统30的特定实例中,在摄取产品或药丸时,系统30被激活。系统30控制电导性以产生被检测的唯一电流签名,进而表示已经服用所述药物产品。系统30包括框架32。框架32是用于系统30的底盘,且多个组件附接到框架32、沉积在框架32上或紧固到框架32。在系统30的这个方面中,可消化材料34与框架32物理上相关联。材料34可以化学沉积在框架上、蒸发到框架上、紧固到框架或构建在框架上,其全部可以在本文中称为关于框架32“沉积”。材料34沉积在框架32的一个侧面上。可以用作材料34的关注材料包括但不限于:Cu或CuI。材料34通过物理气相沉积、电沉积或等离子沉积以及其它协议来沉积。材料34可以为约0.05到约500μm厚,例如约5到约100μm厚。形状由阴影掩模沉积或光刻和蚀刻来控制。另外,尽管只示出一个区用于沉积所述材料,但每一系统30可以根据需要含有两个或两个以上可以沉积材料34的电学唯一区。下文中关于图7到图9较详细地论述用于将材料沉积到框架32上的各种方法。
在不同侧面(其为如图3所示的相反侧面)上,沉积另一可消化材料36,使得材料34和36相异。虽然未图示,但所选择的不同侧面可以为与针对材料34所选择的侧面邻接的侧面。本发明的范围不受所选择的侧面限制,并且术语“不同侧面”可以意指不同于第一选定侧面的多个侧面中的任一个。此外,尽管系统的形状被示出为正方形,但形状可以为任何几何上适合的形状。材料34和36被选择以使得其在系统30与导电液体(例如体液)接触时产生电压电势差。用于材料36的关注材料包括但不限于:Mg、Zn或其它负电性金属。如上文关于材料34所指示,材料36可以化学沉积在框架上、蒸发到框架上、紧固到框架或构建在框架上。而且,粘附层可能是必要的,以帮助材料36(以及材料34,在需要时)粘附到框架32。用于材料36的典型粘附层是Ti、TiW、Cr或类似材料。阳极材料和粘附层可以通过物理气相沉积、电沉积或等离子沉积来沉积。材料36可以为约0.05到约500μm厚,例如约5到约100μm厚。然而,本发明的范围既不受任何材料的厚度限制,也不受用以将材料沉积或紧固到框架32的工艺的类型限制。
根据所陈述的公开内容,材料34和36可以为具有不同电化学电势的任何成对材料。另外,在体内使用系统30的方面中,材料34和36可以为能被吸收的维生素。更具体地说,材料34和36可以由适合于系统30将在其中进行操作的环境的任何两种材料制成。举例来说,当与可摄取产品一起使用时,材料34和36为可摄取的具有不同电化学电势的任何成对材料。说明性实例包括当系统30与离子溶液(例如胃酸)接触时的例子。合适的材料不限于金属,且在某些方面中,成对的材料选自金属和非金属,例如,由金属(例如Mg)与盐(例如CuCl或CuI)组成的对。关于活性电极材料,具有适当不同的电化学电势(电压)和低界面电阻的任何配对的物质(金属、盐或嵌入化合物)是合适的。
关注的材料和配对包括但不限于以下表1中所报告的那些。在一个方面中,所述金属中的一种或两种可以被掺杂有非金属,例如,以便增强在所述材料与导电液体形成接触时在所述材料之间形成的电压电势。在某些方面中可以用作掺杂剂的非金属包括但不限于:硫和碘等。在另一方面中,材料为作为阳极的碘化铜(CuI)和作为阴极的镁(Mg)。本发明的多个方面使用对人体无害的电极材料。
因此,当系统30与导电液体接触时,在材料34与36之间通过导电液体形成电流路径,图5中示出一个实例。控制装置38紧固到框架32且电耦接到材料34和36。控制装置38包括电子电路,例如能够控制并更改材料34与36之间的电导性的控制逻辑。
在材料34与36之间形成的电压电势提供用于操作所述系统的电力以及产生穿过导电流体和系统的电流流动。在一个方面中,系统在直流电模式中操作。在替代方面中,系统控制电流的方向以使得电流方向以循环方式反转,类似于交流电。在系统到达导电流体或电解液时,其中流体或电解液成分由生理流体(例如,胃酸)提供,材料34与36之间的用于电流流动的路径在系统30外部完成;穿过系统30的电流路径由控制装置38控制。电流路径的完成允许电流流动,且接收器(未图示)又可以检测到电流的存在并辨识到系统30已经激活且希望的事件正在发生或已经发生。图12到图17中描述接收器的说明性实例,如下文所描述。
在一个方面中,所述两种材料34和36在功能上类似于直流电源(例如电池)所需要的两个电极。导电液体充当完成电源所需要的电解液。所描述的完成的电源由系统30的材料34与36之间的电化学反应限定且由身体的流体启动。完成的电源可以被视为在例如胃液、血液或其它体液的离子或导电溶液和一些组织中进行电化学电导的电源。另外,环境可以为不同于身体的某物,且液体可以为任何导电液体。举例来说,导电流体可以为盐水或基于金属的涂料。
在某些方面中,这两种材料通过额外材料层来与周围环境隔离。因而,当屏蔽物溶解且这两种相异材料暴露于目标场所时,产生电压电势。
在某些方面中,完整电源或电力供应由活性电极材料、电解液和非活性材料(例如集电器、封装等)组成。活性材料是具有不同电化学电势的任何成对材料。合适的材料不限于金属,且在某些方面中,成对材料选自金属和非金属,例如,由金属(例如Mg)与盐(例如CuI)组成的对。关于活性电极材料,具有适当不同的电化学电势(电压)和低界面电阻的任何配对的物质(金属、盐或嵌入化合物)是合适的。
多种不同材料可以用作形成电极的材料。在某些方面中,电极材料被选择以在与目标生理场所(例如,胃部)接触后提供电压,所述电压足以驱动识别符的系统。在某些方面中,在电源的金属与目标生理场所接触后由电极材料提供的电压为0.001V或更高,包括0.01V或更高,诸如0.1V或更高,例如,0.3V或更高,包括0.5伏或更高,且包括1.0伏或更高,其中在某些方面中,电压在约0.001到约10伏的范围内,例如从约0.01到约10V。
再次参看图3,材料34和36提供电压电势以激活控制装置38。一旦控制装置38被激活或上电,控制装置38便可以按唯一方式更改材料34与36之间的电导性。通过更改材料34与36之间的电导性,控制装置38能够控制穿过包围系统30的导电液体的电流的量值。这产生可以由接收器(未图示)检测并测量的唯一电流签名,所述接收器可以安置在身体内部或外部。图12到图17中示出接收器的说明性实例,如下文所描述。除了控制所述材料之间的电流路径的量值之外,使用不导电材料、膜或“裙缘”还用来增大电流路径的“长度”,因此用以升压电导路径,如2008年9月25日提交的名称为“具有虚拟偶极信号放大的体内装置(In-Body Device with Virtual Dipole SignalAmplification)”申请号为12/238,345的美国专利申请中所公开,所述专利申请的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中。或者,贯穿本文公开内容,术语“不导电材料”、“膜”和“裙缘”可以与术语“电流路径延长器”互换使用,而不会影响本文中的本发明方面和权利要求书的范围。分别在35和37处的部分示出的裙缘可以与框架32相关联,例如,紧固到框架32。裙缘的各种形状和配置被预期属于本发明的范围内。举例来说,系统30可以全部或部分地由裙缘包围,且裙缘可以沿着系统30的中心轴线或相对于中心轴线偏心安置。因此,如本文所主张的本发明的范围不受裙缘的此形状或大小限制。此外,在其它方面中,材料34和36可以被一个裙缘分开,所述裙缘安置在材料34与36之间的任何限定的区中。
现在参看图4,在另一方面中,图2A的系统12和图2B的系统22被更详细地示出为系统40。系统40包括框架42。框架42类似于图3的框架32。在系统40的这个方面中,可消化或可溶解材料44沉积在框架42的一个侧面的一部分上。在框架42的同一侧面的不同部分处,沉积另一可消化材料46,使得材料44和46相异。更具体地说,材料44和46被选择以使得他们在与导电液体(例如体液)接触时形成电压电势差。因此,当系统40与导电液体接触和/或部分接触时,那么在材料44与46之间穿过导电液体形成电流路径,在图5中示出一个实例。控制装置48紧固到框架42且电耦接到材料44和46。控制装置48包括能够控制材料44与46之间的电导路径的一部分的电子电路。材料44和46由不导电裙缘49分开。裙缘49的各种实例在以下申请中公开:2009年4月28日提交的名称为“高度可靠的可摄取事件标示器及其使用方法(HIGHLYRELIABLE INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERS AND METHODS OF USING SAME)”申请号为61/173,511的美国临时申请;和2009年4月28日提交的名称为“具有包括活性剂的信号放大器的可摄取事件标示器(INGESTIBLE EVENT MARKERS HAVINGSIGNAL AMPLIFIERS THAT COMPRISE AN ACTIVE AGENT)”申请号为61/173,564的美国临时申请;以及2008年9月25日提交的名称为“具有虚拟偶极信号放大的体内装置(IN-BODY DEVICE WITH VIRTUAL DIPOLE SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION)”申请号为12/238,345的美国申请;每一申请的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
一旦控制装置48被激活或上电,控制装置48便可以更改材料44与46之间的电导性。因此,控制装置48能够控制穿过包围系统40的导电液体的电流的量值。如上文关于系统30所指出的,与系统40相关联的唯一电流签名可以由接收器(未图示)检测以标示系统40的激活。图12到图17中示出接收器的说明性实例,如下文所描述。
为了增大电流路径的“长度”,更改裙缘49的大小。电流路径越长,接收器就可以越容易检测电流。
现在参看图5,图3的系统30被示出为处于激活状态且与导电液体接触。系统30通过接地触点52来接地。举例来说,当系统30与导电流体接触时,导电流体提供接地。系统30还包括传感器模块74,其相关于图6更详细地描述。离子或电流路径50在材料34到材料36之间延伸且流动穿过与系统30接触的导电流体。在材料34与36之间形成的电压电势是通过材料34/36与导电流体之间的化学反应来形成的。
如果环境的条件改变为变得对通信有利,如由环境的测量所确定,那么单元75向控制装置38发送信号以更改材料34与36之间的电导性来允许使用系统30的电流签名进行通信。因此,如果系统30已经被去激活且环境的阻抗适合于通信,那么系统30可以被再次激活。
现在参看图5A,这示出材料34的表面的分解图。在一个方面中,材料34的表面不是平坦的,而是不规则表面。所述不规则表面增大材料的表面面积,且因此增大与导电流体形成接触的面积。在一个方面中,在材料34的表面处,在材料34与周围导电流体之间存在电化学反应,使得与导电流体交换物质。此处所使用的术语“物质”包括可以作为在材料34上发生的电化学反应的一部分添加或从传导流体移除的任何离子或非离子种类。一个实例包括其中材料是CuCl且当与导电流体接触时CuCl转换为Cu金属(固体)且Cl-被释放到溶液中的例子。正离子到导电流体中的流动由电流路径50描绘。负离子在相反方向上流动。以类似方式,存在涉及材料36的电化学反应,其导致从导电流体释放或移除离子。在这个实例中,材料34处的负离子释放以及材料36的正离子释放通过由控制装置38控制的电流流动而彼此相关。反应速率以及因此离子发射速率或电流由控制装置38控制。控制装置38可以通过更改其内部电导性来增大或降低离子流的速率,这更改阻抗以及因此材料34和36处的电流流动和反应速率。通过控制反应速率,系统30可以在离子流中编码信息。因此,系统30使用离子发射或流动来编码信息。
控制装置38可以改变离子流或电流的持续时间,同时保持电流或离子流量值接近恒定,这类似于频率被调制且振幅恒定时。而且,控制装置38可以改变离子流速率的等级或电流流动的量值,同时保持持续时间接近恒定。因此,使用持续时间改变以及更改速率或量值的各种组合,控制装置38在电流或离子流中编码信息。举例来说,控制装置38可以使用但不限于以下技术中的任一种,包括二进制相移键控(PSK)、频率调制、振幅调制、启闭键控和具有启闭键控的PSK。
如上文所指示,本文中所公开的各种方面(例如图3的系统30和图4的系统40)包括作为控制装置38或控制装置48的一部分的电子组件。可以存在的组件包括但不限于:逻辑和/或存储器元件、集成电路、电感器、电阻器和用于测量各种参数的传感器。每一组件可以紧固到框架和/或另一组件。支撑件的表面上的组件可以按任何便利配置来布置。在固体支撑件的表面上存在两个或两个以上组件的情况下,可以提供互连件。
如上文所指示,系统(例如控制装置30和40)控制相异材料之间的电导性以及因此离子流或电流的速率。通过以特定方式更改电导性,系统能够在离子流和电流签名中编码信息。离子流或电流签名用以唯一地识别特定系统。另外,系统30和40能够产生各种不同的唯一图案或签名,因此提供额外信息。举例来说,基于第二电导性更改图案的第二电流签名可以用以提供额外信息,所述信息可以与物理环境相关。为了进一步说明,第一电流签名可以为维持芯片上的振荡器的非常低的电流状态,且第二电流签名可以为至少为与第一电流签名相关联的电流状态的十倍高的电流状态。
现在参看图6,示出控制装置38的框图表示。装置30包括控制模块62、计数器或时钟64以及存储器66。另外,控制装置38被示出为包括传感器模块72以及传感器模块74(其在图5中提及)。控制模块62具有电耦接到材料34的输入68以及电耦接到材料36的输出70。控制模块62、时钟64、存储器66和传感器模块72/74还具有电力输入(一些未图示)。当系统30与导电流体接触时,用于这些组件中的每一种的电力由通过材料34和36与导电流体之间的化学反应产生的电压电势来供应。控制模块62通过更改系统30的整体阻抗的逻辑来控制电导性。控制模块62电耦接到时钟64。时钟64向控制模块62提供时钟周期。基于控制模块62的编程特征,当设定数目的时钟周期已经过去时,控制模块62更改材料34与36之间的电导性特征。重复进行这个循环,进而控制装置38产生唯一电流签名特征。控制模块62还电耦接到存储器66。时钟64和存储器66两者由在材料34与36之间形成的电压电势供电。
控制模块62还电耦接到传感器模块72和74并且与之通信。在所示出的方面中,传感器模块72是控制装置38的一部分,且传感器模块74是单独组件。在替代方面中,可以使用传感器模块72和74中的任一个种而没有另一个,且本发明的范围不受传感器模块72或74的结构或功能位置限制。另外,系统30的任何组件可以在功能上或结构上移动、组合或重新安置,而不会限制所主张的本发明的范围。因此,有可能具有单个结构,例如处理器,其经设计以执行所有以下模块的功能:控制模块62、时钟64、存储器66和传感器模块72或74。另一方面,使这些功能组件中的每一种定位在电链接且能够通信的独立结构中也在本发明的范围内。
再次参看图6,传感器模块72或74可以包括以下传感器中的任一种:温度、压力、pH值和导电性。在一个方面中,传感器模块72或74从环境中收集信息且将模拟信息传送到控制模块62。控制模块接着将模拟信息转换为数字信息,且在电流流动或产生离子流的物质转移的速率中编码所述数字信息。在另一方面中,传感器模块72或74从环境中收集信息且将模拟信息转换为数字信息,接着将数字信息传送到控制模块62。在图5所示的方面中,传感器模块74被示出为电耦接到材料34和36以及控制装置38。在另一方面中,如图6所示,传感器模块74在连接78处电耦接到控制装置38。连接78既充当针对传感器模块74的电力供应源又充当传感器模块74与控制装置38之间的通信信道。
现在参看图5B,系统30包括连接到材料39的pH传感器模块76,其是根据正在执行的特定类型的感测功能来选择的。pH传感器模块76还连接到控制装置38。材料39通过不传导阻挡层55来与材料34电隔离。在一个方面中,材料39是铂。在操作中,pH传感器模块76使用材料34/36之间的电压电势差。pH传感器模块76测量材料34与材料39之间的电压电势差,且记录其值以供稍后比较。pH传感器模块76还测量材料39与材料36之间的电压电势差,且记录其值以供稍后比较。pH传感器模块76使用所述电压电势值来计算周围环境的pH值。pH传感器模块76将此信息提供给控制装置38。控制装置38改变产生离子转移的物质转移的速率和电流流动以便在离子转移中编码与pH值相关的信息,所述信息可以由接收器(未图示)检测。图12到图17中示出接收器的说明性实例,如下文所描述。因此,系统30可以确定与pH值相关的信息并将其提供给在环境外部的源。
如上文所指示,可以预先编程控制装置38以输出预定义电流签名。在另一方面中,系统可以包括接收器系统,该接收器系统可以在系统被激活时接收编程信息。图12到图17中示出接收器的说明性实例,如下文所描述。在另一方面(未图示)中,开关64和存储器66可以组合成一个装置。
除了以上组件之外,系统30还可以包括一个或其它电子组件。所关注的电组件包括但不限于:额外逻辑和/或存储器元件,例如,呈集成电路的形式;电力调节装置,例如,电池、燃料电池或电容器;传感器、激励器等;信号发射元件,例如,呈天线、电极、线圈等的形式;无源元件,例如,电感器、电阻器等。
现在参看图5C,系统30被示出为具有紧固到框架32的裙缘部分35和37,如下文详细论述。根据本发明的一个方面,材料34和材料36延伸超过框架32到达裙缘部分35和37上。在根据本发明的另一实例中,材料34和36可以延伸到裙缘部分35和37的边缘。材料34和36的面积增大导致所供应的电力增大。
现在参看图7,示出系统30的横截面图,其具有位于框架32上的第一材料区34a和第二材料区36a。第一材料区34a包括粘附材料86。粘附材料86可以为被选择以粘附并固持到第一材料区88上的任何材料,根据本发明的一个方面,所述材料区88由CuCl制成,如上文关于第一材料34所论述。第二材料区36a包括过渡金属96,其由任何过渡金属制成,例如根据本发明的一个方面为钛。第二材料区36a还包括第二材料区98,根据本发明的一个方面,其由镁(Mg)制成,如上文关于第二材料36所论述。
现在参看图8,示出材料86和材料区88的分解图。材料86由不反应的导电材料制成,例如金。为了增强材料86到材料区88的粘附性质,材料86具有未加工或粗糙的表面。材料86沉积到框架32上。另外,根据本发明的一个方面,材料86限定有多个孔87,其与框架32的对应于材料86的边缘的边缘间隔开距离DD。距离DD是使孔87与材料86的边缘分开且允许所有孔87落入边界89内所需要的最小距离,以使得材料区88的边缘不安置在任何孔的上方;这种设计增强了材料86到材料区88的粘附性质和特征。
现在参看图9,示出将金属96紧固到框架32的过程。最初,将金属96沉积到框架32上。接着,加热金属86与框架32。接着,使用(例如)离子枪清洁器来清洁金属96的表面。接着,将镁沉积到金属86的清洁表面上以形成材料区98。
根据本发明的另一方面,在晶片100(如图10的俯视图说明中所示)上构建多个框架32(如图1所示)。晶片100可以包括任何数目的框架32。一旦晶片100完成,接着便从晶片100切出每一完整框架32且将其插入或压配或放置到图11的片110的开口112中以产生系统12、22、30或40,如根据本发明的各种方面所示出和论述的。开口112贴合地切割成框架32的形状。接着使片110通过压力机(未图示),其冲压出系统12、22、30或40中的每一种,如所提及。
在某些方面中,可摄取电路包括涂层。根据本发明的一个方面,可以在从图10的晶片100移除框架32之前使用旋涂工艺向晶片100涂覆保护性涂层。根据本发明的另一方面,可以在从图11的片110冲压出或切出之后向系统(例如,系统30)涂覆保护性涂层。这个涂层的用途可以变化,例如,用以在处理期间、在储存期间或甚至在摄取期间保护电路、芯片和/或电池或者任何组件。在这些例子中,可以包括位于电路顶部的涂层。还关注的是经设计以在储存期间保护可摄取电路但在使用期间立即溶解的涂层。举例来说,在与含水流体(例如,胃液)或如上文所提及的导电流体接触后溶解的涂层。还关注的是被采用以允许使用处理步骤否则会损坏装置的某些组件的保护性处理涂层。举例来说,在生产顶部和底部上沉积有相异材料的芯片的方面中,需要将产品切成方块。然而,切块过程可能会划掉相异材料,并且还可能涉及到会致使相异材料脱落或溶解的液体。在这些例子中,可以采用所述材料上的保护性涂层,其防止在处理期间与组件形成机械或液体接触。
可溶解涂层的另一用途可以用来延迟装置的激活。举例来说,可以采用处于相异材料上且在与胃液接触后花特定时间周期(例如,五分钟)来溶解的涂层。涂层还可以为环境敏感性涂层,例如,温度或pH敏感性涂层,或提供用于以受控形式溶解且允许在需要时激活装置的其它化学敏感性涂层。在胃部中留存但在肠道中溶解的涂层也是受关注的,例如,在需要延迟激活直到装置离开胃部为止的情况下。此类涂层的实例是在低pH下不能溶解但在较高pH下变得能溶解的聚合物。还关注的是药物剂型保护性涂层,例如,凝胶帽液体保护性涂层,其防止电路由凝胶帽的液体激活。
所关注的识别符包括两种相异电化学材料,其类似于电源的电极(例如,阳极和阴极)来起作用。对电极或阳极或阴极的参考在本文中仅仅用作说明性实例。本发明的范围不受所使用的标签限制,且包括其中在两种相异材料之间形成电压电势这一方面。因此,在参考电极、阳极或阴极时,希望用作对在两种相异材料之间形成的电压电势的参考。
当材料暴露且与体液(例如胃酸或其它类型的流体)(单独地或与干燥传导性介质前体组合地)形成接触时,由于这两种电极材料所遭受的相应氧化和还原反应而在电极之间产生电势差,即电压。可以进而产生伏打电池或电池。因此,在本发明的多个方面中,此类电力供应被配置以使得当这两种相异材料暴露于目标场所(例如,胃部、消化道等)时,产生电压。
在某些方面中,一种或两种金属可以被掺杂有非金属,例如,以增强电池的电压输出。可以在某些方面中用作掺杂剂的非金属包括但不限于:硫和碘等。
出于说明目的,可以与本发明的各种方面一起使用各种接收器。在接收器(本文中有时称为“信号接收器”)的一个实例中,可以采用两个或两个以上不同解调协议来解码给定接收信号。在一些例子中,可以采用相干解调协议和差分相干解调协议两种。图12提供根据本发明的一个方面的接收器可以如何实施相干解调协议的功能框图。应注意到,图12中仅示出接收器的一部分。图12说明一旦确定载波频率(以及缩混到载波偏移的载波信号)便将信号缩混到基带的过程。在混频器2223处将载波信号2221与第二载波信号2222混合。应用具有恰当带宽的窄低通滤波器2220来减少界外噪声(out-of-boundnoise)效应。在功能框2225处根据本发明的相干解调方案来发生解调。确定复信号的展开相位2230。可以应用任选的第三混频器级,其中使用相位演变来估计所计算的载波频率与真实的载波频率之间的频率差异。接着在框2240处利用数据包的结构来确定BPSK信号的编码区的开始。主要使用同步标头的存在来确定数据包的开始边界,所述同步标头呈现为复解调信号的振幅信号中的FM边沿。一旦确定数据包的开始点,便在框2250处在IQ平面和标准位识别上旋转信号并且最终在框2260处解码所述信号。
除了解调之外,穿体通信模块(transbody communication module)可以包括前向误差校正模块,所述模块提供额外增益来抗击来自其它有害信号和噪声的干扰。所关注的前向误差校正功能模块包括在申请号为PCT/US2007/024225公开为WO2008/063626的PCT申请中所描述的那些模块,所述申请的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。在一些例子中,前向误差校正模块可以采用例如里德-索罗门(Reed-Solomon)、格雷(Golay)、汉明(Hamming)、BCH和涡轮(Turbo)协议等任何便利的协议来识别和校正(在界限内)解码误差。
在另一实例中,接收器包括信标模块,如图13的功能框图中所示。图13中概述的方案概述了一种用于识别有效信标的技术。传入信号2360表示由电极接收、由高频信令链(其包括载波频率)带通滤波(例如从10KHz到34KHz)且从模拟转换到数字的信号。接着在框2361处对信号2360进行抽取(decimate)且在混频器2362处在标称驱动频率(例如12.5KHz、20KHz等)下对信号2360进行混频。在框2364处对所得信号进行抽取且在框2365处对所得信号进行低通滤波(例如5KHz BW)以产生缩混到载波偏移的载波信号——信号2369。信号2369进一步由框2367(快速傅里叶变换且接着检测两个最强峰值)处理以提供真实载波频率信号2368。这种协议允许准确地确定所发射的信标的载波频率。
图14提供根据本发明的一方面的信号接收器的集成电路组件的功能框图。在图14中,接收器2700包括电极输入2710。电耦接到电极输入2710的是穿体传导通信模块2720和生理感测模块2730。在一个方面中,穿体传导通信模块2720被实施为高频(HF)信号链,且生理感测模块2730被实施为低频(LF)信号链。还示出了CMOS温度感测模块2740(用于检测周围温度)和3轴加速计2750。接收器2700还包括处理引擎2760(例如,微控制器和数字信号处理器)、非易失性存储器2770(用于数据存储)和无线通信模块2780(用于将数据发射到另一装置,例如在数据上载动作中)。
图15提供根据本发明的一个方面的被配置以实施图14中所描绘的接收器的功能框图的电路的较详细框图。在图15中,接收器2800包括电极e1、e2和e3(2811、2812和2813),其例如接收由IEM传导性发射的信号且/或感测关注的生理参数或生物标示器。电极2811、2812和2813所接收的信号由多路复用器2820进行多路复用,所述多路复用器电耦接到电极。
多路复用器2820电耦接到高带通滤波器2830和低带通滤波器2840两者。高频信号链和低频信号链提供可编程增益以覆盖希望的层级或范围。在这个特定方面中,高带通滤波器2830使在10KHz到34KHz带中的频率通过,而滤出来自带外频率的噪声。这个高频带可以变化,且可以包括(例如)3KHz到300KHz的范围。通频(passingfrequency)接着由放大器2832放大,之后由转换器2834转换为数字信号以供输入到高功率处理器2880(示出为DSP)中,所述高功率处理器电耦接到高频信号链。
低带通滤波器2840被示出为使在0.5Hz到150Hz的范围内的较低频率通过,而滤出带外频率。所述频带可以变化,且可以包括(例如)低于300Hz的频率,例如低于200Hz,包括低于150Hz。通频信号由放大器2842放大。还示出了加速计2850,其电耦接到第二多路复用器2860。多路复用器2860将来自加速计的信号与来自放大器2842的放大信号进行多路复用。经多路复用的信号接着由转换器2864转换为数字信号,所述转换器2864还电耦接到低功率处理器2870。
在一个方面中,数字加速计(例如由模拟器件公司(Analog Devices)制造的数字加速计)可以代替加速计2850来实施。可以通过使用数字加速计来实现各种优点。举例来说,因为数字加速计将产生已经呈数字格式的信号,所以数字加速计可以绕开转换器2864且电耦接到低功率微控制器2870——在所述情况下,将不再需要多路复用器2860。而且,数字信号可以被配置以在检测到运动时将其自身接通,从而进一步保存电力。另外,可以实施连续步骤计数。数字加速计可以包括FIFO缓冲器来帮助控制发送到低功率处理器2870的数据流。举例来说,数据可以在FIFO中缓冲,直到满为止,此时处理器可以被触发来从闲置状态唤醒且接收所述数据。
举例来说,低功率处理器2870可以为来自德州仪器公司(Texas Instruments)的MSP430微控制器。接收器2800的低功率处理器2870维持闲置状态,如早先陈述的,这需要最小电流汲取,例如,10.mu.A或更少,或1.mu.A或更少。
举例来说,高功率处理器2880可以为来自德州仪器公司(Texas Instruments)的VC5509数字信号处理器。高功率处理器2880在活动状态期间执行信号处理动作。如早先陈述的,这些动作需要比闲置状态多的电流量,例如30.mu.A或更多的电流,例如50.mu.A或更多,且举例来说,可以包括诸如以查找传导性发射的信号的扫描、在接收到时处理传导性发射的信号、获得和/或处理生理数据等动作。
图13中还示出快闪存储器2890,其电耦接到高功率处理器2880。在一个方面中,快闪存储器2890可以电耦接到低功率处理器2870,其可以提供较好的功率效率。
无线通信元件2895被示出为电耦接到高功率处理器2880,且可以包括(例如)BLUETOOTH.TM.无线通信收发器。在一个方面中,无线通信元件2895电耦接到高功率处理器2880。在另一方面中,无线通信元件2895电耦接到高功率处理器2880和低功率处理器2870。此外,无线通信元件2895可以被实施为具有其自己的电力供应,使得其可以独立于接收器的其它组件来接通和断开,例如,通过微处理器。
记住(例如)闲置状态,以下段落提供根据本发明的一个方面的图15所示的接收器组件在接收器的各种状态期间的实例配置。应理解,可以依据希望的应用来实施替代性配置。
举例来说,在闲置状态下,接收器汲取最少电流。接收器2800被配置以使得低功率处理器2870处于不活动状态(例如,闲置状态),且高功率处理器2880处于不活动状态(例如闲置状态),且与外围电路相关的电路块及其在各种活动状态期间所需要的电力供应保持断开(例如,无线通信模块2895和模拟前端)。举例来说,低功率处理器可以使32KHz振荡器活动且可以消耗几.mu.A电流或更少,包括0.5.mu.A或更少。在闲置状态下,低功率处理器2870可以(例如)等待信号转变为活动状态。信号可以在外部,例如中断,或由装置的外围设备之一(例如定时器)在内部产生。在高功率处理器的闲置状态期间,高功率处理器可以(例如)关闭32KHz钟表晶体。举例来说,高功率处理器可以等待信号转变为活动状态。
当接收器处于监听状态(sniff state)时,低功率处理器2870处于闲置状态,且高功率处理器2880处于闲置状态。另外,与监听功能所需要的模拟前端(包括A/D转换器)相关的电路块均接通(换句话说,高频信号链)。如早先陈述的,信标信号模块可以实施各种类型的监听信号来实现低功率效率。
在检测到发射信号后,可以进入较高功率解调与解码状态。当接收器处于解调与解码状态时,低功率处理器2870处于活动状态,且高功率处理器2880处于活动状态。举例来说,高功率处理器2880可以从具有基于PLL的时钟倍频器的12MHz或附近晶体振荡器运行,从而给予装置108MHz时钟速度。举例来说,在活动状态期间,低功率处理器2870可以关闭在1MHz到20MHz的范围内的内部R-C振荡器,且消耗在250到300uA/MHz时钟速度的范围内的电力。活动状态允许进行处理以及可以跟随的任何发射。所需要的发射可以触发无线通信模块从断开循环到接通。
当接收器处于收集ECG和加速计状态时,与加速计和/或ECG信号调节链相关的电路块接通。高功率处理器2880在收集期间处于闲置状态,且在处理和发射期间处于活动状态(例如,从具有基于PLL的时钟倍频器的12MHz或附近晶体振荡器运行,从而给予装置108MHz时钟速度)。低功率处理器2870在这种状态期间处于活动状态,且可以关闭在1MHz到20MHz的范围内的内部R-C振荡器,且消耗在250到300uA/MHz时钟速度的范围内的电力。
低功率处理器(例如,图13所示的MSP)和高功率处理器(例如,图13所示的DSP)可以使用任何便利的通信协议来彼此通信。在一些例子中,这两个元件在存在时经由串行外围接口总线(下文中称为“SPI总线”)来彼此通信。以下描述内容描述了经实施以允许高功率处理器和低功率处理器沿着SPI总线通信且来回发送消息的信令和消息接发方案。针对以下对处理器之间的通信的描述,分别使用“LPP”和“HPP”来代替“低功率处理器”和“高功率处理器”,以保持与图13一致。然而,所述论述可以适用于除图13所示的处理器之外的其它处理器。
图16提供与高频信号链相关的根据本发明的一方面的接收器中的硬件的框图的视图。在图16中,接收器2900包括接收器探针(例如,呈电极2911、2912和2913的形式),其电耦接到多路复用器2920。还示出高通滤波器2930和低通滤波器2940以提供消除任何带外频率的带通滤波器。在所示出的方面中,提供10KHz到34KHz的带通以使落入所述频带内的载波信号通过。实例载波频率可以包括但不限于12.5KHz和20KHz。可以存在一个或一个以上载波。另外,接收器2900包括模/数转换器2950,例如,在500KHz下取样。此后可以由DSP处理数字信号。在这个方面中示出DMA至DSP单元2960,其将数字信号发送到用于DSP的专用存储器。直接存储器存取提供允许DSP的其余部分保持处于低功率模式的益处。
图17中示出包括接收器的系统的实例。在图17中,系统3500包括药物合成物3510,该药物合成物3510包括可摄取装置,例如可摄取事件标示器“IEM”。系统3500中还存在信号接收器3520。信号接收器3520被配置以检测从IEM3510的识别符发射的信号。信号接收器3520还包括生理感测能力,例如ECG和移动感测能力。信号接收器3520被配置以将数据发射到患者的外部装置或PDA3530(例如智能电话或其它具无线通信功能的装置),其又将数据发射到服务器3540。服务器3540可以根据需要来配置,例如,以提供患者定向许可。举例来说,服务器3540可以被配置以允许家庭护理者3550(例如)经由允许家庭护理者3550监视由服务器3540产生的警报和趋势的接口(例如网络接口)来参与患者的治疗方案,并且返回向患者提供支持,如由箭头3560所指示。服务器3540还可以被配置以将响应直接提供给患者,例如,以患者警报、患者激励等的形式,如由箭头3565所指示,所述响应经由PDA3530中继到患者。服务器3540还可以与健康护理专业人员(例如,RN、内科医生)3555交互,健康护理专业人员可以使用数据处理算法来获得患者健康和配合度量度,例如健康指数总结、警报、跨患者基准等,且返回向患者提供所通知的临床沟通和支持,如由箭头3580所指示。
应理解,本发明不限于所描述的特定实施例或方面,且因而可以变化。还应理解,本文中所使用的术语仅出于描述特定方面的目的,且不希望具限制性,因为本发明的范围将仅由所附权利要求书限制。
在提供值范围的情况下,应理解,在所述范围的上限与下限之间的每一居间值(精确到下限的单位的十分之一,除非上下文清楚地另有规定)以及那个所陈述范围内的任何其它所陈述值或居间值均涵盖在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可以独立地包括在所述较小范围内,且也涵盖在本发明内,服从所陈述范围中的任何特殊排除的界限。在所陈述的范围包括所述界限中的一者或两者的情况下,排除那些所包括的界限中的任一者或两者的范围也包括在本发明中。
除非另有定义,否则本文中所使用的所有技术和科学术语均具有本发明所属的领域的技术人员通常所理解的相同意思。尽管类似或等效于本文所描述的方法和材料的任何方法和材料也可以用于实践或测试本发明,但现在描述代表性说明性方法和材料。
本说明书中所引用的所有公开案和专利以引用的方式并入本文中,如同每一单独公开案或专利被特定且个别地指明以引用的方式并入,且以引用的方式并入本文中以公开并描述引用所述公开案所结合的方法和/或材料。任何公开案的引用是为了公开在申请日期之前的公开案,且不应解释为承认本发明因为在先发明而无权先于所述公开案。另外,所提供的公开日期可能不同于实际公开日期,所述实际公开日期可能需要独立确认。
请注意,如本文中和所附权利要求书中所使用,单数形式“一”和“所述”包括复数对象,除非上下文清楚地另有规定。进一步注意到,权利要求书可以被撰写为排除任何任选元件。因而,这个陈述希望充当关于权利要求元素的叙述使用例如“单独地”、“仅仅”等排他性术语或使用“不利”限制的前提基础。
不管权利要求书如何,本发明还涉及以下条款:
1.一种制造包括部分电源的通信装置的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将粘附材料层沉积到支撑结构的第一位置上,其中所述粘附材料层限定有多个孔;
将第一材料沉积到所述粘附材料层上,其中所述第一材料粘附到所述粘附材料;
将过渡材料层沉积在所述支撑结构的第二位置上;以及
将第二材料沉积到所述过渡金属层上,其中当所述第一材料和所述第二材料与导电流体形成接触时,所述第一材料和所述第二材料呈现电压电势差。
2.根据条款1所述的方法,其中所述粘附材料是金。
3.根据条款2所述的方法,进一步包括毛化所述金的表面以增强粘附性质的步骤。
4.根据条款1到3中任一条款所述的方法,其中所述支撑结构是硅基材料。
5.根据条款1到4中任一条款所述的方法,其中沉积所述第一材料的步骤包括使用电子束的蒸发沉积。
6.根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法,其中所述粘附层的厚度小于100微米。
7.根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法,其中沉积过渡金属层的步骤包括以下步骤:
将所述过渡金属沉积到所述支撑结构上;
加热沉积有所述过渡金属的所述支撑结构;以及
清洁所述过渡金属的暴露表面,使得所得结构准备好接纳所述第二材料。
8.根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法,其中所述清洁所述暴露表面的步骤包括用离子枪进行清洁。
9.根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法,进一步包括将聚合物旋涂到所述装置上以提供保护性涂层的步骤,优选地其中所述沉积步骤包括旋转所述装置以将所述聚合物均匀地分布在所述装置的表面上。
10.根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法,进一步包括将所述装置插入到不导电膜中的步骤。
11.一种制造多个通信装置的方法,其中每一装置包括不导电膜和部分电源装置,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在不导电材料片中切出多个开口以产生组装膜片,其中每一开口的形状对应于所述装置的框架的形状;以及
将从多个所述部分电源装置中选出的一个部分电源装置插入到所述组装膜的每一开口中以产生加载膜片,其中根据一种工艺来制备每一部分电源装置,所述工艺包括在支撑结构的与具有粘附材料的表面相反的表面上沉积过渡金属层的步骤。
12.根据条款11所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
将不反应材料层沉积到所述加载膜片上位于与所述过渡金属相反的侧面上以产生粘附膜片,其中所述不反应材料层限定有多个孔;
将第一材料沉积到所述粘附膜片上位于具有所述粘附材料的侧面上,其中所述第一材料粘附到所述不反应材料;
将第二材料沉积到所述过渡金属层上以产生部分电力装置片,其中所述第一材料和所述第二材料呈现电压电势差。
13.根据条款11或12所述的方法,进一步包括在所述支撑结构上限定多个边界的步骤,其中每一边界对应于每一装置的电路。
14.根据条款12或13所述的方法,其中所述沉积不反应材料层的步骤进一步包括限定孔群组的步骤,其中每一孔群组被包含在从所述多个边界中选出的一个边界以内,使得所述孔群组内的每一孔的位置在对应的边界以内。
15.根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法,其中所述过渡金属是钛。
16.一种用于通信的包括部分电源的装置,所述装置可以依据根据前述条款中任一条款所述的方法来获得,优选地其中所述装置通过如下工艺来制备,该工艺包括以下步骤:
将粘附材料层沉积到支撑结构的第一位置上,其中所述粘附材料层限定有多个孔;
将第一材料沉积到所述粘附层上,其中所述第一材料粘附到所述粘附材料;
将过渡材料层沉积在所述支撑结构的第二位置上;
将第二材料沉积到所述过渡金属层上,其中当所述第一材料和所述第二材料与导电流体形成接触时,所述第一材料和所述第二材料呈现电压电势差。
如所属领域的技术人员在阅读本公开后将容易明白,本文中所描述和说明的个体方面中的每一个具有可以在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下容易与其它若干方面中的任一个的特征分离或组合的离散组件和特征。所叙述的任何方法可以按所叙述的事件的次序或按逻辑上可能的任何其它次序来实行。
虽然已经出于使理解清楚的目的而借助于说明和实例来以某种细节描述了前述发明,但所属领域的技术人员鉴于本发明的教导而易于明白,在不脱离所附权利要求书的精神或范围的情况下,可以对本发明做出某些改变和修改。
因而,前述内容仅仅说明本发明的原理。将了解,所属领域的技术人员将能够构想出各种布置,虽然本文中未明确地描述或示出,但所述各种布置体现本发明的原理且包括在其精神和范围内。此外,本文中所叙述的所有实例和条件语言主要希望帮助读者理解本发明的原理和发明人贡献来促进此项技术的概念,且应解释为不限于这些明确叙述的实例和条件。此外,本文中叙述本发明的原理和方面以及其特定实例的所有陈述希望包括其结构和功能等效物两者。另外,希望此类等效物包括当前已知的等效物以及将来开发的等效物,即,不管结构如何而执行相同功能的所开发的任何元件。因此,本发明的范围不希望限于本文中所示出和描述的示范性方面。而是,本发明的范围和精神由所附权利要求书体现。

Claims (20)

1.一种制造包括部分电源的通信装置的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将粘附材料层沉积到支撑结构的第一位置上,其中所述粘附材料层限定有多个孔;
将第一材料沉积到所述粘附材料层上,其中所述第一材料粘附到所述粘附材料层;
将过渡材料层沉积在所述支撑结构的第二位置上;以及
将第二材料沉积到所述过渡材料层上,其中当所述第一材料和所述第二材料与导电流体形成接触时,所述第一材料和所述第二材料呈现电压电势差。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘附材料层是金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括毛化所述金的表面以增强粘附性质的步骤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述支撑结构是硅基材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中沉积所述第一材料的步骤包括使用电子束的蒸发沉积。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述粘附材料层的厚度小于100微米。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中沉积过渡材料层的步骤包括以下步骤:
将所述过渡材料层沉积到所述支撑结构上;
加热沉积有所述过渡材料层的所述支撑结构;以及
清洁所述过渡材料层的暴露表面,使得所得结构准备好接纳所述第二材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述清洁所述暴露表面的步骤进一步包括用离子枪进行清洁。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括将聚合物旋涂到所述装置上以提供保护性涂层的步骤。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括旋转所述装置以将聚合物均匀地分布在所述装置的表面上的步骤。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括将所述装置插入到不导电膜中的步骤。
12.一种制造多个通信装置的方法,其中每一装置包括不导电膜和部分电源装置,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在不导电材料片中切出多个开口以产生组装膜片,其中每一开口的形状对应于所述装置的框架的形状;以及
将从多个所述部分电源装置中选出的一个部分电源装置插入到所述组装膜的每一开口中以产生加载膜片,其中根据一种工艺来制备每一部分电源装置,所述工艺包括在支撑结构的与具有粘附材料的表面相反的表面上沉积过渡金属层的步骤。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
将不反应材料层沉积到所述加载膜片上位于与所述过渡金属相反的侧面上以产生粘附膜片,其中所述不反应材料层限定有多个孔;
将第一材料沉积到所述粘附膜片上位于具有所述粘附材料的侧面上,其中所述第一材料粘附到所述不反应材料;
将第二材料沉积到所述过渡金属层上以产生部分电力装置片,其中所述第一材料和所述第二材料呈现电压电势差。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其进一步包括在所述支撑结构上限定多个边界的步骤,其中每一边界对应于每一装置的电路。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述沉积不反应材料层的步骤进一步包括限定孔群组的步骤,其中每一孔群组被包含在从所述多个边界中选出的一个边界以内,使得所述孔群组内的每一孔的位置在对应的边界以内。
16.一种用于通信的包括部分电源的装置,其中所述装置通过一种工艺来制备,所述工艺包括以下步骤:
将粘附材料层沉积到支撑结构的第一位置上,其中所述粘附材料层限定有多个孔;
将第一材料沉积到所述粘附材料层上,其中所述第一材料粘附到所述粘附材料层;
将过渡材料层沉积到所述支撑结构的第二位置上;
将第二材料沉积到所述过渡材料层上,其中当所述第一材料和所述第二材料与导电流体形成接触时,所述第一材料和所述第二材料呈现电压电势差。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述过渡材料是钛。
18.一种用于通信的包括部分电源的装置,其中所述装置包括:
支撑结构,其由硅材料制成;以及
CuCl层,其使用物理气相沉积来沉积在所述支撑结构的第一位置上。
19.根据权利要求18所述的装置,其中所述物理气相沉积是通过溅射沉积来实现的。
20.根据权利要求18所述的装置,其中所述物理气相沉积是通过电弧沉积来实现的。
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