CN103873485B - Cluster MAC protocol implementation method based on the link persistent period in vehicular ad hoc network - Google Patents
Cluster MAC protocol implementation method based on the link persistent period in vehicular ad hoc network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the cluster MAC protocol implementation method based on the link persistent period in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network, belong to vehicular ad hoc network technical field, specifically include a kind of clustering method based on the link persistent period, determine the priority of node by the average link link time of vehicle node and node degree of communication, what priority was maximum becomes leader cluster node, the node that priority is only second to cluster head becomes standby cluster head, and backup cluster head is conducive to improving the stability of cluster in the renewal of cluster and maintenance process and reduces expense.Cluster head broadcasts Clustering control message to neighbor node, invites neighbor node to add the sub-clustering with present node as cluster head.After cluster, carry out multi-zone supervision, network is divided into multiple clusters, each cluster interior nodes is communicated with leader cluster node using CSMA/TDMA mixed mechanism, reduce the collision of data, and leader cluster node is communicated hence it is evident that being improve the reliability of data transfer using CSMA/CA mechanism with neighbours' cluster head, data transfer delay can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vehicular ad hoc network technical field, it is related to continue based on link in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network
The cluster MAC protocol implementation method of time, specifically include in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network based on the link persistent period
Clustering method, continued based on link in the update method of cluster and a kind of vehicular ad hoc network in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network
The cluster MAC protocol of time.
Background technology
Develop to high transfer rate, high reliability and high-efficiency direction with vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), vehicle
Between information transmission mechanisms be subject to common concern and research.But because vehicle node translational speed is very fast, lead to network topology
Often change so that traditional MAC protocol faces unprecedented challenge.
The network structure of cluster has good grade difference and job-division mechanism, carries out the biography of message using Clustering Algorithm
Pass, effective message transfer mechanism can be produced.The main purpose of cluster is to choose suitable cluster head so that this cluster head can
Safeguard related routing iinformation and network topological information, be capable of the stability of largerization cluster, reduction is brought due to change in topology
Impact, decreases offered load, is easy to the management to whole network it is adaptable to large scale network.
Main advantage is that it can well adapt to the change of network, working method the most based on the MAC protocol of competition
Very flexible, do not need between node to carry out accurate synchronization.And it is brought maximum the drawbacks of be under this mechanism by
Losing in the information that conflict causes is that this quasi-protocol cannot be fully solved.And the MAC protocol based on distribution mechanism, pass through
One channel is divided into many sub-channels, then the mode by subchannel distribution node, the data transfer having staggered between node, keeps away
Exempt from the generation conflicting, but with respect to the MAC protocol based on competition, the adaptability of such Protocol Through Network change is poor.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide the cluster based on the link persistent period in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network
MAC protocol implementation method, has specifically included a kind of clustering method based on the link persistent period in vehicular ad hoc network, car
Carry the cluster MAC protocol based on the link persistent period in the update method of cluster and vehicular ad hoc network in self-organizing network.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of clustering method based on the link persistent period in vehicular ad hoc network, comprises the following steps：Step one：
Node obtains the position of vehicle node, speed, acceleration, node type information by GPS and periodically basic control message；
Step 2：The average link persistent period between node and neighbor node is determined according to the node location obtaining, velocity information；Step
Three：History neighborhood according to node and current neighbours set determine the degree of communication of this node；Step 4：According between node
The size of average link persistent period and degree of communication chooses the maximum node of priority as cluster head；Step 5：According to node
The node that priority selection is only second to cluster head becomes standby cluster head；Step 6：Cluster head disappears to its cluster interior nodes broadcast Clustering control
Breath, declares oneself to become cluster head, and cluster interior nodes according to the position of oneself and receive status message and determine it oneself is cluster interior nodes, and
Reply to cluster head.
Further, described average linked according to what the node location obtaining, velocity information determined between node and neighbor node
Time, specially：
Node i obtains current location S by GPSi, speed vi, acceleration aiInformation；
Node i passes through the current location S that periodically basic control message obtains neighbor node jj, speed vj, acceleration aj
Information；
Node i calculates, according to following formula, the position relationship that can communicate with node j：
Wherein, t1Represent that two cars start to the time having required for same speed from initial link,
Node i calculates the link time with neighbor node j according to following formula：
Node i calculates the average link time and between neighbors according to following formula：
Wherein：N is the neighbor node number not determining state, tiFor between present node and node i (i=1,2 ..., N)
The link persistent period, tmaxThe maximum link persistent period between for node.
Further, the described history neighborhood according to node and current neighbours set determine that the degree of communication of node is concrete
For：
Node passes through periodically interaction mode information, records t0Moment neighbor node set N0(i), and current time t1
Neighbor node set N1(i), prediction neighbor node change frequent degree；
Node i calculates the degree of communication and between neighbors according to following formula：
Wherein：|N0(i)∪N1(i) | for node in t0Moment and t1Moment all neighbor nodes number, | N0(i)∩N1(i)
| for node in t0Moment and t1The number of the neighbor node that the moment has simultaneously.
Further, described selection average link persistent period highest node is as cluster head, including：
The priority of node is determined according to the average link persistent period of node, the link persistent period is bigger, node connects
Degree is less, then priority is bigger, and using the node with the highest link persistent period as cluster head, priority is only second to the section of cluster head
Point becomes standby cluster head；Cluster head to its cluster interior nodes broadcast Clustering control message, declare oneself to become cluster head, cluster interior nodes according to
It oneself is cluster interior nodes or standby cluster head that the state of oneself determines, and replys to cluster head；Other neighbours are not had to save around node
Point, then this node form single cluster, set oneself cluster head.
Present invention also offers in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network cluster update method, specifically include：
The change according to self-position of leader cluster node CH, bunch member node CM and standby cluster head BKCH and the change of priority
It is updated；
Leader cluster node is periodically detected, if the average link persistent period of cluster member CM is more than itself, should
Member node becomes cluster head, and broadcasts Clustering control message, and former leader cluster node becomes member node；If leader cluster node CH's is flat
All the link persistent period is still maximum, then leader cluster node only need to maintain the state of oneself, updates speed, position of its cluster member etc.
Information；If leader cluster node does not receive the periodic broadcasting status messages of certain member node, then cluster head is this member node
Delete from its membership table；
If it exceeds 10% cluster member leaves the scope of cluster head, but do not leave the scope of standby cluster head, just standby
Cluster head is converted into cluster head；If cluster head enters into the 1/3 of neighbours' cluster head transmission range, just set standby cluster head as cluster head, if standby
With cluster head still the 1/3 of neighbours' cluster head transmission range, just send last information, announce to be merged into neighbours' cluster, other clusters become
Member or addition neighbours' cluster, or return to unsettled condition.
Present invention also offers the cluster MAC protocol based on the link persistent period in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network, including：Cluster
After the completion of foundation, enter the stabilization sub stage of cluster, start the transmitting-receiving of business datum in the stabilization sub stage of cluster；In hierarchical network, cluster
Head node must and oneself cluster in the ordinary node retention time on synchronization, make the upload that data is orderly；Cluster in cluster MAC protocol
Interior nodes are communicated using CSMA/TDMA mixed mechanism and leader cluster node；In cluster MAC protocol, leader cluster node adopts CSMA/CA
Mechanism and neighbours' cluster head are communicated；Solved produced pre- when two clusters meet in cluster MAC protocol according to syncretizing mechanism between cluster
About time slot distribution collision problem.
Further, in the synchronous period, leader cluster node broadcasts cluster head control message to cluster interior nodes, and this message is in each cluster
The concrete moment that node distribution is communicated with cluster head, the control message that cluster interior nodes are issued according to cluster head, arrange the activity of oneself, when
Oneself communication is needed to be switched on communication module, not during demand oneself communication, then communication close module enters resting state.
Further, cluster head, to member node broadcast tdma communication slot table in cluster, after cluster member receives broadcast, is belonging to certainly
Competitive channel in oneself time slot, sends, to cluster head, the data monitoring；Cluster head be responsible for receiving the data that sends of cluster interior nodes and
Information in the cluster receiving is merged, and is communicated with adjacent cluster head；
The time frame that cluster head generates, is made up of several time slots and a time slot；Become in each time frame in, cluster
Member respectively assigns to a time slot, and member node could send data to cluster head by preferential busy channel only in the time slot of oneself；Cluster
Head issues the distribution of next round time slot, new clock sync signal in time slot, and in cluster, member node is all in intercepting shape
State, completes the communication with cluster head, and updates time slot and clock.
Further, after cluster head receives the information of cluster interior nodes transmission, realized and neighbours' cluster head between using CSMA/CA mechanism
Communication；Before sending data, down hop neighbours' cluster head first sends claim frame to cluster head, and its neighbours' cluster head sends after receiving RTS
CTS carries out response, and cluster head sends data to neighbours' cluster head, after neighbours' cluster head receives packet, sends ACK frame to source cluster head true
Recognize packet to be correctly received；After other neighbours' cluster heads wait until after listening to RTS or CTS that the transmission of this packet terminates
In competitive channel.
Further, according to node, node is divided into three kinds of different roles by the diverse location in cluster：Cluster head front nodal point, cluster
Head node and cluster head posterior nodal point；The node of diverse location adopts different rules when selecting the reserving time slots of oneself, if section
Point selection reserving time slots n requires n%2=0 as the basic time slot of oneself, then cluster head front nodal point, and cluster head posterior nodal point requires n%2=1；
After two clusters meet, two nodes meeting first if it find that in two clusters time slot be assigned the situation of conflict just itself
In FI, corresponding time slot is set to the free time, notifies the new time slot of the node application conflicting to solve time slot distribution conflict, realize cluster
Fusion.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：The invention provides being based on the link persistent period in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network
Cluster MAC protocol implementation method, the method be conducive to improve vehicular ad hoc network in cluster stability, reduce network overhead；
Significantly improve the reliability of data transfer, data transfer delay can be effectively reduced.
Brief description
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below to carry out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that in the embodiment of the present invention, self-organizing network is formed by unsettled condition to cluster head；
Fig. 2 periodically sends for embodiment of the present invention interior joint and accepts basic control message form；
Fig. 3 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, middle cluster updates and the state transition diagram in maintenance process；
Fig. 4 is that the synchronization on the ordinary node retention time in leader cluster node and oneself cluster in the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of syncretizing mechanism between cluster in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that the distribution principle that in the embodiment of the present invention, cluster head broadcasts tdma communication slot table to member node in cluster is illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 7 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, MAC protocol channel distribution utilizes schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is MAC protocol algorithm flow chart in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that in the embodiment of the present invention, self-organizing network is formed by unsettled condition to cluster head, as illustrated, section
The detailed process that point chooses cluster head can include：
The information such as the position of step A1-- acquisition node and its neighbours, speed, acceleration.
It is described in detail below, node obtains the information such as the position of itself by GPS positioning system, and pass through periodic base
This control message informs the information such as the position of oneself, speed and acceleration to neighbours.
The information of the neighbor node by receiving for the node calculates the average link persistent period of oneself.
Referring to Fig. 2, the periodicity that Fig. 2 obtains information of neighbor nodes for the vehicle providing in the embodiment of the present invention controls substantially
Message format.Node judges the state of oneself according to type of message, and type of message Type includes：0 is the state letter of neighbor node
Breath, 1 is first information of cluster head, and 2 is cluster head control message, and 3 is last information of cluster head.
According to the node location obtaining, speed, acceleration information determines average between node and neighbor node step A2--
Connect the persistent period.
Specifically, node i obtains current location S by GPSi, speed vi, acceleration aiEtc. information, node i passes through the cycle
Property basic control message obtain the current location S of neighbor node jj, speed vj, acceleration ajEtc. information.Node can be with neighbours
Node communicates, then position relationship needs to meet below equation.
Wherein, t1Represent that two cars start to the time having required for same speed from initial link,
Node is according to the average link time between below equation calculate node and neighbor node.
Wherein,
Step A3 node determines the degree of communication of node according to the neighbor node set of interaction mode information acquisition.
Specifically, node passes through periodically interaction mode information, records t0Moment neighbor node set N0(i), and currently
Moment t1Neighbor node set N1(i), prediction neighbor node change frequent degree；Node i calculates and neighbors according to following formula
Between degree of communication.
|N0(i)∪N1(i) | for node in t0Moment and t1Moment all neighbor nodes number, | N0(i)∩N1(i) | for section
Point is in t0Moment and t1The number of the neighbor node that the moment has simultaneously, t0And t1Interval less, calculate more accurate, but meeting
Increase network overhead, therefore define it and be spaced apart the cycle of status information interaction；
Step A4 chooses cluster head according to the average connection persistent period between node and node degree of communication.
All node broadcasts status informations, node receives average connection persistent period E [link] of neighbor node, with oneself
E [link] compare, the maximum node of E [link] becomes cluster head, if there being multiple maximum E [link], chooses degree of communication MC
Value less for cluster head.
Cluster head broadcasts Clustering control message to neighbor node, declares oneself to become cluster head and invite neighbor node addition to be somebody's turn to do
Cluster.If neighbor node does not receive Clustering control message in the range of intervalometer, oneself forms single cluster.If neighbours
Node receives Clustering control message and has the E [link] being only second to cluster head, then set oneself as standby cluster head.
Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the state transition diagram that in the embodiment of the present invention, cluster updates and safeguards.Quick shifting due to node
Dynamic, frequently result in the communication range that bunch member node leaves cluster head, therefore cluster timely updates and safeguards is necessary.
The renewal of step A5 cluster head and maintenance.
Specifically, cluster head periodically detects the basic status information of cluster member, if there being the E of node in bunch member node
[link] value is more than leader cluster node, then the node being set with maximum E [link] is cluster head, and former leader cluster node becomes member node,
Otherwise leader cluster node only updates the information such as speed, acceleration and the position of bunch member node.If cluster head does not receive cluster member
Status information, then this member is just deleted from this cluster by cluster head.
When the distance away from cluster head for the vehicle exceedes transmission range, just leave cluster and find next cluster addition, or oneself become
Individually cluster.In the range of cluster head, in addition to cluster head, the car of highest E [link] is set to standby cluster head, and this standby cluster head is not formed
One new cluster, waiting being merged into other clusters or changing the state of oneself becomes a main cluster.
A period of time after cluster member still in the range of cluster head, cluster head just maintains the state of oneself.Plus-minus due to vehicle
Speed leads to border cluster member to leave cluster.If it exceeds 10% cluster member leaves the scope of cluster head, but do not leave standby cluster head
Scope, just standby cluster head is converted into cluster head.
If cluster head enters into the 1/3 of neighbours' cluster head transmission range, just set standby cluster head as cluster head, if standby cluster head is still
The 1/3 of neighbours' cluster transmission range, just send last information, announce to be merged into neighbours' cluster, other clusters member or addition
Neighbours' cluster, or return to independent state.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the cluster MAC process of CSMA/TDMA mixed mechanism includes：
Synchronization in step B1 cluster head and cluster interior nodes retention time.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 4, when Fig. 4 is the ordinary node holding in leader cluster node and oneself cluster in the embodiment of the present invention
Between on synchronous schematic diagram.In the synchronous period, leader cluster node broadcasts cluster head control message to cluster interior nodes, within the message for every
The concrete moment that individual cluster interior nodes distribution is communicated with cluster head, the control message that cluster interior nodes are issued according to cluster head, arrange oneself
Activity, when needing oneself communication to be switched on communication module, not during demand oneself communication, then communication close module enters dormancy shape
State.
It is member's distribution time slot in cluster that step B2 leader cluster node adopts syncretizing mechanism between cluster.
Specifically, referring to Fig. 5, Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of syncretizing mechanism between cluster in the embodiment of the present invention.Cluster syncretizing mechanism is concrete
Process is as follows.
i：Between cluster, node is divided into three kinds of different roles according to the different position of node by syncretizing mechanism：Cluster head front nodal point,
Leader cluster node and cluster head posterior nodal point.
ii：The node of diverse location adopts different rules when selecting the reserving time slots of oneself, if node selects in advance
About time slot n requires n%2=0 as the basic time slot of oneself, then cluster head front nodal point, and cluster head posterior nodal point requires n%2=1.
iii：Node receives FI frame every time and just updates the time slot distribution list of oneself, uses same if there are two nodes
Time slot, then be set to the free time by this time slot.
iv：The node clashing will re-start the application of time slot.
After two clusters meet, two nodes meeting first if it find that in two clusters time slot be assigned the situation of conflict
Just in the FI of itself, corresponding time slot is set to the free time, notifies the new time slot of the node application conflicting to solve time slot distribution punching
Prominent, realize the fusion of cluster.
Step B3 cluster head is according to the time slot being distributed to cluster member's time slot table.
The time frame that cluster head generates, is made up of several time slots and a time slot.Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 6 is that the present invention is real
Apply the distribution principle schematic diagram that cluster head in example broadcasts tdma communication slot table to member node in cluster.In each time frame in, cluster
Interior member respectively assigns to a time slot, and member node could send number to cluster head by preferential busy channel only in the time slot of oneself
According to.Cluster head issues the distribution of next round time slot, new clock sync signal in time slot, and in cluster, member node is all in detecing
Listen state, complete the communication with cluster head, and update time slot and clock.
Step B4 cluster head and cluster interior nodes are communicated according to cluster MAC protocol.
Specifically, in each cluster interior nodes of CSMA/TDMA period in oneself allocated time slot preferential and leader cluster node
Communication, with other cluster interior nodes contention access channels in overstepping one's bounds timing gap.In CSMA period leader cluster node competitive channel, compete
Communicate with neighbours' cluster head after channel success, now, cluster interior nodes enter resting state.
Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, MAC protocol channel distribution utilizes schematic diagram.Channel is with 100ms for one
In the individual cycle, each cycle is divided into two parts：CSMA time period and TDMA time period.Each time period is respectively 50ms.Will
Each time period is divided into 10 time slots, each time slot 5ms.
Adopt CSMA contention access channel between CSMA time period CH, carry out data transmission.In the CSMA/TDMA time
Section, CH allocates time slot in advance to each CM, CM contention access channel, the CM priority access letter in the assigned timeslot of CH distribution
Road, the waiting time is SIFS.If not in the time slot that oneself is distributed, CM equally can with contention access channel, but wait when
Between be DIFS.So ensure that other CM also can access channel, improves the utilization of channel when CM is idle in the time slot being distributed
Rate.
Referring to Fig. 8, Fig. 8 is the flow chart based on link persistent period cluster MAC process provided in an embodiment of the present invention.Cluster
In MAC, the process of cluster head and cluster interior nodes access channel transmission data is as follows：
Cluster is formed by Clustering Algorithm, chooses cluster head；
Cluster head distributes corresponding time slot according to syncretizing mechanism between synchronization mechanism and cluster for cluster interior nodes；
Node controls the period of frame arrangement according to the condition adjudgement of oneself；
If cluster head and cluster member communication's period, cluster member judges whether oneself is the time slot that cluster head is distributed, if it is,
Wait competitive channel after SIFS, otherwise wait for after DIFS in competitive channel；
If the communication time period between cluster head, communicated with neighbours' cluster head using CSMA mechanism.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, although logical
Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention to be described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be
In form and various changes are made to it, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range in details.
Claims (3)
1. the clustering method based on the link persistent period in a kind of vehicular ad hoc network it is characterised in that：Walk including following
Suddenly：Node passes through GPS and periodically the position of control message acquisition vehicle node, speed, acceleration, node type are believed substantially
Breath；The average link persistent period between node and neighbor node is determined according to the node location obtaining, velocity information；
History neighborhood according to node and current neighbours set determine the degree of communication of this node；
Size according to the average link persistent period between node and degree of communication chooses the maximum node of priority as cluster head；
Standby cluster head is become according to the node that the priority selection of node is only second to cluster head；
Cluster head broadcasts Clustering control message to its cluster interior nodes, declares oneself to become cluster head, cluster interior nodes are according to the position of oneself
Determine it oneself is cluster interior nodes with receiving status message, and reply to cluster head；
Described average link time between node and neighbor node is determined according to the node location obtaining, velocity information, specially：
Node i obtains current location S by GPSi, speed vi, acceleration aiInformation；
Node i passes through the current location S that periodically basic control message obtains neighbor node jj, speed vj, acceleration ajLetter
Breath；
Node i calculates, according to following formula, the position relationship that can communicate with neighbor node j：
Wherein, t1Represent that two cars start to the time having required for same speed from initial link,
Node i calculates the link time with neighbor node j according to following formula：
Node i calculates the average link time and between neighbors according to following formula：
Wherein：N is the neighbor node number not determining state, TiFor the chain between present node and node i (i=1,2 ..., N)
The road persistent period, tmaxThe maximum link persistent period between for node.
2. the clustering method based on the link persistent period in vehicular ad hoc network according to claim 1, its feature
It is：The described history neighborhood according to node and current neighbours set determine that the degree of communication of node is specially：
Node passes through periodically interaction mode information, records t0Moment neighbor node set N0(i), and current time t1Neighbours
Node set N1(i), prediction neighbor node change frequent degree；
Node i calculates the degree of communication and between neighbors according to following formula：
Wherein：N0(i)∪N1I () is node in t0Moment and t1Moment all neighbor nodes number, N0(i)∩N1I () is node
In t0Moment and t1The number of the neighbor node that the moment has simultaneously.
3. the clustering method based on the link persistent period in vehicular ad hoc network according to claim 2, its feature
It is：Described selection average link persistent period highest node as cluster head, including：
The priority of node is determined according to the average link persistent period of node, the link persistent period is bigger, and node degree of communication is got over
Little, then priority is bigger, and using the node with the highest link persistent period as cluster head, the node that priority is only second to cluster head becomes
For standby cluster head；
Cluster head broadcasts Clustering control message to its cluster interior nodes, declares oneself to become cluster head, cluster interior nodes are according to the state of oneself
Determine it oneself is cluster interior nodes or standby cluster head, and reply to cluster head；
There is no other neighbor nodes around node, then this node forms single cluster, set oneself cluster head.
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