CN103868596A - Large-aperture space heterodyne interference spectral imaging method and spectrometer - Google Patents
Large-aperture space heterodyne interference spectral imaging method and spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J9/0215—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods by shearing interferometric methods
- G01J2009/0219—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods by shearing interferometric methods using two or more gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-aperture space heterodyne interference spectral imaging method and a spectrometer. The method comprises the steps that one part of compound light is reflected to obtain reflected light, the other part of the compound light is transmitted to obtain transmitted light after the compound light passes through a beam splitter; the reflected light is reflected by the beam splitter to reach an imaging mirror after passing through a reflecting mirror group and a blazed grating group, and the transmitted light reaches the imaging mirror along an optical path opposite to the reflected light after passing the reflecting mirror group and the blazed grating group, wherein the blazed grating group comprises a first blazed grating and a second blazed grating which are in parallel arrangement, the compound light entering the blazed grating group is diffracted into multiple beams of mutually parallel emergent light which are parallel to the incident light, and interference light with lateral shear amount is obtained from the imaging mirror, so that interference information can be obtained from a detector. A pair of parallel blazed gratings is added, so that the characteristic of heterodyning is realized, the number of samples is reduced, and the signal to noise ratio is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical image technology field, relate in particular to a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer.
Background technology
Interference spectrum imaging technique divides and can be divided into (1) time-modulation, (2) spatial modulation and three kinds of modes of (3) space-time unite modulation from modulation system.
(1) time-modulation interference spectrum imaging technique has moving component, is compared to spatial modulation and interference spectral technique less stable, but is easier to realize large optical path difference by motion.
(2) space modulation interfered spectrum imager technology does not have moving component, thereby has good stability, and the exemplary of space modulation interfered spectrum imager technology is Sagnac interference spectroscope.As shown in Figure 1, Sagnac interference spectroscope obtains the image of target in image planes 12 by preposition optical system 11, in image planes 12, place a slit 13, simultaneously, slit is also positioned at Fu Shi mirror 15(imaging optical system and comprises Fu Shi mirror and cylindrical mirror) front focal plane on, to be sheared into a pair of virtual image by the rear slit of lateral shear instrument 14, shear distance between these two virtual images is d, the focal length of Fu Shi mirror is f, and the interferogram expression formula obtaining in the pixel that on detector 16, distance optical axis distance is y is:
In formula
That on detector, distance optical axis distance is the optical path difference expression formula at y place.
But Sagnac interferometer will be realized little wave-number range, high-resolution detection, its sampling number
by being that Qwest's theorem decides, sampling number is directly proportional to maximum wave number, is inversely proportional to wavenumber resolution, when maximum wave number and wavenumber resolution is high, sampling number is huge, on the other hand, the interference information of all optical path differences of the Polaroid acquisition of Sagnac interference spectroscope, detected intensity and sampling number in single pixel (passage) are inversely proportional to, when whole energy are E, the energy receiving of each pixel is roughly
, when the energy of the higher single passage of wavenumber resolution is less, detector sensitivity requires higher.
The another kind of special shape of space modulation interfered spectrum imager technology is space heterodyne interference spectrum imaging technique, space heterodyne interference spectrum imaging technique adopts the principle of heterodyne, when interferogram is sampled, its initial wave number need be since 0 wave number, and can be from the smallest wavenumber σ setting
minstart, can significantly reduce like this sampling number, realize high spectral resolution by less sampling number feelings, reduced the redundancy of data.As shown in Figure 2, space heterodyne interference spectroscope (SHS) is drawn together collimating mirror 21, grating 22, grating 23, beam splitter 24, lens 25, lens 26 and detector 27.Other labels of Fig. 2 are respectively: object plane 20, incident corrugated 201, Ke Teluo angle 202, outgoing corrugated 203, interferogram 204.SHS is that the grating (23,24) that adopts a pair of parameter identical in Michelson interferometer replaces catoptron, and makes to have certain angle between grating and optical axis, and the angle of grating and optical axis meets for the wave number σ setting
0light its diffraction light Jiang Yuan after grating return on road, now the grating equation between incident light and diffraction light meet
, in formula, θ is that incident angle is also the angle of grating 23 and horizontal direction and grating 24 and horizontal direction, is called as Littrow angle 202, and m is the order of diffraction time, generally gets m=1, and d is raster density constant, and when incident wave number becomes σ, grating equation becomes
, γ is the angle on light outgoing corrugated after grating 23 and grating 24, this angle is also light exit direction and the σ of σ wave number
0angle between wave number light exit direction.Be x place at detection range optical axis distance, the expression formula of interferogram is:
But detected intensity and the sampling number of the single sensing point of space heterodyne interference spectroscope SHS (passage) are inversely proportional to, when whole energy are E, the energy of each passage is roughly
, when the higher energy that single passage receives of wavenumber resolution is less, detector sensitivity requires higher.
(3) space-time unite interferometric modulator light spectrum image-forming technology binding time modulation, the feature of spatial modulation, at a time can obtain the interference information under the specific light path of a certain object point, be characterized in system without slit, and be the imaging relations of point-to-point, all energy all focus on a point, its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is higher than spatial modulation and interference spectrometer, sweep to obtain the interferogram under the different optical path differences of same object point by pushing away of flying platform, difference is pushed away to the interferogram of sweeping the moment to be extracted and carries out Fourier transform after combination again and just can obtain spectral information, its Typical Representative is LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING interference spectrum imager (LASIS).As shown in Figure 3, LASIS interference spectrum imager comprises 31, image planes 32 of preposition optical system, collimating mirror 33, lateral shear instrument 34, imaging lens 35, detector 36.LASIS interference spectrum imager is in common photographic system, to increase lateral shear instrument, when obtain same object point spatial image quarter at a time, also obtain the interference information in this object point specific light path difference situation, the effect of collimating mirror is that image planes are collimated, then image planes are cut into a pair of relevant virtual image by lateral shear instrument, and this pair of virtual image obtains the spatial image that has comprised interference information on detector by imaging lens; Compared with spatial modulation and interference spectrometer, in LASIS system, in image planes, there is not slit, in system, there is not cylindrical mirror yet, what at a time on detector, obtain is the spatial image that has comprised interference information, its interferogram expression formula is
In formula
, d is shearing displacement, and y is the distance between pixel and optical axis on detector, and f1 is imaging system focal length.
But, LASIS interference spectroscope is to sweep to obtain complete interference information by pushing away in the time obtaining the interferogram of a single point, the interference information of certain some fixed light path difference is only obtained in the imaging of single, by pushing away the interference information of sweeping to obtain all optical path differences of same object point, compared with Sagna interferometer, its maximum advantage is whole energy E that single is surveyed each pixel and received same object point, and its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is improved.But survey when requiring to realize little wave-number range high-resolution, it is Qwest's theorem that its sampling number is still limited to, and when maximum wave number is large, wavenumber resolution is high, and sampling number is huge, further causes System Construction complexity, and the requirement of acquisition of signal, storage is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer, realizes sampling number minimizing and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and improves.
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprising:
Comprise beam splitter, catoptron group, blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, and described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and the second catoptron that angle arranges:
Complex light is reflected and obtains reflected light through described beam splitter rear portion, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described in incident, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and described in multi beam, emergent light is parallel with described incident light;
On described imaging lens, obtain having the interference light of horizontal shear capacity, thereby obtain interference information at detector.
A kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method, comprising:
Complex light is reflected and obtains reflected light through beam splitter rear portion, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and the second catoptron that angle arranges, described in incident, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and described in multi beam, emergent light is parallel with described incident light,
On described imaging lens, obtain having the interference light of horizontal shear capacity, thereby obtain interference information at detector.
The technical scheme being provided by the invention described above embodiment can be found out, by adding the blazed grating of pair of parallel to realize the characteristic of heterodyne in LARGE APERTURE STATIC IMAGING interference spectrum imager LASIS, in the target of little wave-number range being carried out to the detection of high wave number (spectrum) resolution, can make sampling number greatly reduce, and possesses the feature of LASIS interferometer, can significantly improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), make the sensitivity of detection higher, the quality of data is better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing of required use during embodiment is described is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is existing Sagnac interference spectroscope schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is existing space difference interference spectrometer schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is existing LASIS interference spectroscope schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method.
Fig. 5 is that embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope forms schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope forms block diagram.
Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope application schematic diagram one.
Fig. 8 is that embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope wave number, angle of diffraction are related to schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope application schematic diagram two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method, comprising:
On step 43, described imaging lens, obtain having the interference light of horizontal shear capacity, thereby obtain interference information at detector.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, in LASIS interferometer, increase a pair of blazed grating being parallel to each other, the increase of blazed grating will make LASIS interferometer have the characteristic of heterodyne, in the target of little wave-number range being carried out to the detection of high wave number (spectrum) resolution, can make sampling number greatly reduce; And compare with traditional space heterodyne formula interference spectroscope, can significantly improve again signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), make the sensitivity of detection higher, the quality of data is better; Can better meet various applications.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, when the target wave-number range of required detection is σ
min～σ
max, needing the wavenumber resolution realizing is Δ σ, sampling number only need to meet
.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, is applicable to the detection of the high spectral resolution of little wave-number range, and such as CO2, the O3 etc. in atmosphere has the detection of gas of characteristic wavelength, also can be for monitoring of regionalization smog etc.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, angle between the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be with reference to the angle setting between 2 catoptrons of prior art LASIS interferometer, exemplary, angle between the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be 45 °, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be plane mirror, can be with reference to 2 catoptron setting of prior art LASIS interferometer, therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, can also comprise: complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
After being arrived described the second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, be reflected to described the second blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the first catoptron, parallel rays is by the described beam splitter of described the first rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the first blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays arrives described imaging lens after being reflected by described the second catoptron, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Or as the optional mode of one, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, can also comprise:
Complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
Arrived described the first blazed grating by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays is by described the first catoptron of described the second rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive described beam splitter after described the first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the second catoptron, reflexed to described the second blazed grating by described the second catoptron, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, preposition optical system, an image planes imaging, colimated light system standard, beam splitter, imaging lens and detector can be understood with reference to prior art, and therefore not to repeat here.
In the space heterodyne spectrum imaging method of embodiment of the present invention large aperture, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other described in described incident, can comprise:
The angle of diffraction corresponding to different wave numbers of the complex light of blazed grating group described in incident, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
Wave number σ is the inverse of wavelength X, is also
In the space heterodyne spectrum imaging method of embodiment of the present invention large aperture,
Horizontal shear capacity:
Optical path difference:
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described the second catoptron symmetric position and described the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described the first blazed grating and described the second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, at a time, can obtain the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point, push away and sweep by flight, can obtain the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point, the combination of the interference information by different width images obtains complete interference curve, interference curve is carried out Fourier transform and just can be obtained the spectral information of object point.
As shown in Figure 5, corresponding above-described embodiment large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprise beam splitter 51, catoptron group 52, blazed grating group 53, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, and described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and the second catoptron that angle arranges:
Complex light is reflected and obtains reflected light through described beam splitter rear portion, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described in incident, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and described in multi beam, emergent light is parallel with described incident light;
On described imaging lens, obtain having the interference light of horizontal shear capacity, thereby obtain interference information at detector.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, in LASIS interferometer, increase a pair of blazed grating being parallel to each other, the increase of blazed grating will make LASIS interferometer have the characteristic of heterodyne, in the target of little wave-number range being carried out to the detection of high wave number (spectrum) resolution, can make sampling number greatly reduce; And compare with traditional space heterodyne formula interference spectroscope, can significantly improve again signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), make the sensitivity of detection higher, the quality of data is better; Can better meet various applications.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, when the target wave-number range of required detection is σ
min～σ
max, needing the wavenumber resolution realizing is Δ σ, sampling number only need to meet
.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, is applicable to the detection of the high spectral resolution of little wave-number range, and such as CO2, the O3 etc. in atmosphere has the detection of gas of characteristic wavelength, also can be for monitoring of regionalization smog etc.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, angle between the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be with reference to the angle setting between 2 catoptrons of prior art LASIS interferometer, exemplary, angle between the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be 45 °, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectrum imaging method, angle between the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be with reference to the angle setting between 2 catoptrons of prior art LASIS interferometer, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, the first catoptron and the second catoptron can be plane mirror, can be with reference to 2 catoptron setting of prior art LASIS interferometer, therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, can also comprise preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
After being arrived described the second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, be reflected to described the second blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the first catoptron, parallel rays is by the described beam splitter of described the first rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the first blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays arrives described imaging lens after being reflected by described the second catoptron, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Or as the optional mode of one, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, can also comprise preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
Arrived described the first blazed grating by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays is by described the first catoptron of described the second rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive described beam splitter after described the first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the second catoptron, reflexed to described the second blazed grating by described the second catoptron, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, preposition optical system, an image planes imaging, colimated light system standard, beam splitter, imaging lens and detector can be understood with reference to prior art, and therefore not to repeat here.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, the angle of diffraction corresponding to different wave numbers of the complex light of blazed grating group described in incident, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
Wave number is the inverse of wavelength X, is also
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne spectral interference spectrometer,
Horizontal shear capacity:
Optical path difference:
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described the second catoptron symmetric position and described the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described the first blazed grating and described the second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, at a time, can obtain the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point, push away and sweep by flight, can obtain the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point, the combination of the interference information by different width images obtains complete interference curve, interference curve is carried out Fourier transform and just can be obtained the spectral information of object point.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope is described.
As shown in Figure 6, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope theory diagram, incident light 60 is imaged in image planes 62 through preposition optical system 61, obtain collimated light through colimated light system 63, arrive imaging lens 65 through the interferometer 64 that comprises blazed grating, and be imaged mirror 65 and be imaged on and on detector, obtain the image 66 that comprises interference information.
As shown in Figure 7, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprises that preposition optical system 71, colimated light system 72, beam splitter 73, the first catoptron 74(also can be called for short M1), the second catoptron 75(M2), the first blazed grating 76, the second blazed grating 77, imaging lens 78, detector 79.
Concrete, preposition optical system 71 in image planes 70, after one time image planes 70 are collimated system 72 collimations enters target imaging on beam splitter 73.The effect of beam splitter 73 be allow 50% light transmission by and other 50% light be reflected.
On the one hand, transmitted light is reflected after arriving the first catoptron 74, then arrives the first blazed grating 76..The character of blazed grating is that 1 order diffraction Guang Jiangyuan road of its blaze wavelength is returned in the time that light is portrayed groove face incident perpendicular to grating.
Light arrives after the first blazed grating 76, and the light of different wave length will be by optical grating diffraction, and its angle of diffraction will be different along with the variation of wavelength, meet grating equation between diffraction light and incident light:
When diffraction light arrives the second blazed grating 77, the second blazed gratings 77 and the first blazed grating 76 is parallel to each other, now transmitted ray will be again diffracted, meet grating equation equally between diffraction light now and incident light:
By the known θ of geometric relationship
1 '=β
1, for guarantee light after the first blazed grating 76, the second blazed grating 77 with the outgoing of incident light keeping parallelism, must make m=-m
', now just have β
1 '=θ
1.
Therefore be parallel to each other after the blazed grating of placing through a pair of, the complex light with certain wave-number range is by the light that is diffracted into multi beam and is parallel to each other.
After arriving the second catoptron 75, be again reflected rear arrival imaging lens 78, and be imaged mirror 78 and be imaged on detector 79.
As shown in Figure 8, be parallel to each other after the blazed grating of placing through a pair of, the complex light with certain wave-number range is by the light that is diffracted into multi beam and is parallel to each other, and its outgoing position is relevant with wave number σ, and σ is larger, and its angle of diffraction is larger.
θ is the incident angle of incident light with respect to the first blazed grating 81, β
1for the angle of diffraction of wave number σ 1, β
2for the angle of diffraction of σ 2, L is the vertical range between the first blazed grating 81 and the second blazed grating 82, according to h=L × tg β, h
1=L × tg β
1, wave number σ
1 outgoing position 83, h
2=L × tg β
2, obtain wave number σ
2 outgoing position 84.
On the other hand, first the light being reflected by beam splitter 73 arrive the second catoptron 75, and it is rear diffracted that the light after being reflected by the second catoptron 75 arrives the second blazed grating 77, the same with transmitted light, and the angle of diffraction of diffraction light is relevant to wave number σ and meet grating equation
be diffracted into equally through the reflected light after the first blazed grating 76, the second blazed grating 77 light that multi beam is parallel to each other, the light that this group is produced by reflected light diffraction is reflected after arriving the first catoptron 74, finally again arrive on beam splitter 73, reflected rear arrival imaging lens 78 by beam splitter 73, and be imaged mirror 78 and be imaged on detector 79.
Visible, the light after this group is reflected by beam splitter 73 by with the outgoing that is parallel to each other of upper one group of transmitted light being reflected by the second catoptron 75, but between reflected light and transmitted light, will be separated a segment distance, be referred to as horizontal shear capacity D.
Horizontal shear capacity D is relevant about horizontal range a and diffraction light wave number between beam splitter 73 symmetric positions 710 and the first catoptron 74 to the second catoptron 75:
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between the second catoptron symmetric position and the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating, and θ represents incident angle, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
Visible, its wave number of the incident light of same object point is less, and its shearing displacement D will be larger.
Finally, reflected light and transmitted light after imaging lens 78 on detector 79 obtain comprised interference information image, its interference strength by
Determine, wherein OPD (y, σ) is except also relevant with wave number to the position on detector.
Concrete, optical path difference:
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between the second catoptron symmetric position and the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating, and θ represents incident angle, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
In formula 2, when in the certain situation of incidence angle θ, angle of diffraction β
1, β
2by the variation that is changed to along with wave number, and the horizontal-shift of the spacing L of 2 blazed gratings and 2 catoptrons is constant apart from a.
At a time, can obtain the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point, push away and sweep by flight, can obtain the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point, the combination of the interference information by different width images obtains complete interference curve, interference curve is carried out Fourier transform and just can be obtained the spectral information of object point.
As shown in Figure 9, embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, comprises that preposition optical system 91, colimated light system 92, beam splitter 93, the first catoptron 94(also can be called for short M1), the second catoptron 95(M2), the first blazed grating 96, the second blazed grating 97, imaging lens 98, detector 99.
Shown in embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope and above-mentioned Fig. 7, the difference of large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope is:
Change the position that the first blazed grating 96, the second blazed grating 97 are placed.2 blazed gratings are placed on different positions, can bring the spacing increasing between blazed grating, and then can make horizontal shear capacity D have greatly changed, and change optical path difference.Like this, at a time, can obtain the interference information under a certain optical path difference of object point, push away and sweep by flight, can obtain the interference information in all optical path difference situations of a certain object point, the combination of the interference information by different width images obtains complete interference curve, interference curve is carried out Fourier transform and just can be obtained the spectral information of object point.
Embodiment of the present invention large aperture space heterodyne interference spectrum formation method and spectrometer, when mainly having solved traditional interference spectrum imager obtain spectral information when by Fourier transform, it is Qwest's theorem and cause the problem that sampling number is huge that its sampling number need to meet.On the other hand, for solving the too low problem of the single channel energy of SHS, the present invention realizes the imaging detection of point-to-point in single is surveyed, also in Polaroid process, whole energy E of a certain object point all concentrate on detector on same pixel, can improve like this signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of detection, just can obtain whole interference information of same impact point by pushing away the mode of sweeping.
The present invention has also solved signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) problem on the low side in Traditional Space difference interference light spectrum image-forming technology.Feature of the present invention is particularly suitable for the detection of the high spectral resolution of little wave-number range, and such as CO2, the O3 etc. in atmosphere has the detection of gas of characteristic wavelength, also can be for monitoring of regionalization smog etc.
The above; only for preferably embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (10)
1. a large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope, it is characterized in that, comprise beam splitter, catoptron group, blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, and described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and the second catoptron that angle arranges:
Complex light is reflected and obtains reflected light through described beam splitter rear portion, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described in incident, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and described in multi beam, emergent light is parallel with described incident light;
On described imaging lens, obtain having the interference light of horizontal shear capacity, thereby obtain interference information at detector.
2. large aperture according to claim 1 space heterodyne interference spectroscope, is characterized in that, described large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope also comprises preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
After being arrived described the second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, be reflected to described the second blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the first catoptron, parallel rays is by the described beam splitter of described the first rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the first blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays arrives described imaging lens after being reflected by described the second catoptron, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
3. large aperture according to claim 1 space heterodyne interference spectroscope, is characterized in that, described large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope also comprises preposition optical system and colimated light system:
Complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
Arrived described the first blazed grating by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays is by described the first catoptron of described the second rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive described beam splitter after described the first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the second catoptron, reflexed to described the second blazed grating by described the second catoptron, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
4. according to the large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the angle of diffraction corresponding to different wave numbers of the complex light of blazed grating group described in incident, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
5. according to the large aperture space heterodyne interference spectroscope described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that,
Horizontal shear capacity
Optical path difference
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described the second catoptron symmetric position and described the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described the first blazed grating and described the second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
6. a large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Complex light is reflected and obtains reflected light through beam splitter rear portion, and another part is transmitted and obtains transmitted light;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, wherein, described blazed grating group comprises the first blazed grating and the second blazed grating that be arranged in parallel, described catoptron group comprises into the first catoptron and the second catoptron that angle arranges, described in incident, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other, and described in multi beam, emergent light is parallel with described incident light,
On described imaging lens, obtain having the interference light of horizontal shear capacity, thereby obtain interference information at detector.
7. large aperture according to claim 6 space heterodyne interference imaging method, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
After being arrived described the second catoptron by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, be reflected to described the second blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the first catoptron, parallel rays is by the described beam splitter of described the first rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the first blazed grating, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays arrives described imaging lens after being reflected by described the second catoptron, and is imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
8. large aperture according to claim 7 space heterodyne interference imaging method, is characterized in that, described method also comprises: complex light an image planes imaging, and enters described beam splitter after described colimated light system collimation through described preposition optical system;
Described reflected light again arrives imaging lens through described beam splitter reflection after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, described transmitted light arrives described imaging lens along the light path contrary with described reflected light after described catoptron group and described blazed grating group, specifically comprises:
Arrived described the first blazed grating by the reflected light of described beam splitter reflection, the diffraction light of described the first blazed grating arrives described the second blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described the second catoptron, parallel rays is by described the first catoptron of described the second rear arrival of catoptron reflection, and arrive described beam splitter after described the first catoptron reflection, and arrive imaging lens after described beam splitter reflection, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens;
After being arrived described the first catoptron by the transmitted light of described beam splitter transmission, be reflected to described the second catoptron, reflexed to described the second blazed grating by described the second catoptron, the diffraction light of described the second blazed grating arrives described the first blazed grating, be diffracted into the light that multi beam is parallel to each other and arrive described imaging lens, and be imaged on described detector by described imaging lens.
9. according to the large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method described in claim 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, the complex light of blazed grating group is diffracted into the emergent light that multi beam is parallel to each other described in described incident, comprising:
The angle of diffraction corresponding to different wave numbers of the complex light of blazed grating group described in incident, when getting diffraction progression m=1, wave number σ is larger, and angle of diffraction is larger.
10. according to the large aperture space heterodyne interference imaging method described in claim 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterized in that,
Horizontal shear capacity
Optical path difference
Wherein, a represents the horizontal range between described the second catoptron symmetric position and described the first catoptron, and L represents the vertical range between described the first blazed grating and described the second blazed grating, and θ represents the incident angle of compound incident light, β
1represent wave number σ
1angle of diffraction, β
2represent σ
2angle of diffraction.
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