CN103867178A - Method for effectively evaluating damage of fracturing fluid to support crack flow diversion capability - Google Patents
Method for effectively evaluating damage of fracturing fluid to support crack flow diversion capability Download PDFInfo
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- CN103867178A CN103867178A CN201410097115.7A CN201410097115A CN103867178A CN 103867178 A CN103867178 A CN 103867178A CN 201410097115 A CN201410097115 A CN 201410097115A CN 103867178 A CN103867178 A CN 103867178A
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- fracturing fluid
- flow conductivity
- supporting crack
- crack flow
- injury
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for effectively evaluating the damage of fracturing fluid to support crack flow diversion capability, and relates to the technical field of stress cracking in the oil and gas field development process. According to the method, after twice conventional positive displacement, KCl water solution is used for simulating actual formation fluid to carry out reverse displacement. A value after the support crack flow diversion capability recovery after the fracturing fluid backflow is compared with a value before the damage to the support crack flow diversion capability, the actual damage rate of the fracturing fluid after the backflow to the support crack flow diversion capability is used for really reflecting the actual damage degree of the fracturing fluid to the support crack flow diversion capability, and the guidance is provided for the optimized fracturing fluid system recipe, so the damage degree of the fracturing fluid to the support crack flow diversion capability is reduced, and the fracturing oil increase effect is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fracturing technique field in oilfield exploitation procedure, particularly evaluate the technical field of different fracturing fluid system formulas to the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity.
Background technology
Fracturing fluid is the working solution of fracturing reform oil and gas reservoir, in playing transmission of pressure, formation and extension crack, most important is exactly to carry proppant pack to form the oil and gas flow passage of high flow conductivity in the crack having pressed off, and returns discharge ground by breaking to greatest extent glue after construction finishes.
Current of the fracturing fluid main Types has natural plant gum class, polymer class, surfactant-based etc., and what be most widely used is natural plant gum class fracturing fluid.After natural plant gum class fracturing liquid rubber-breaking aquation, tend to produce a large amount of solid phase residues, can stop up the intergranular hole of proppant pack if be trapped in supporting crack, thereby cause supporting crack flow conductivity to decline, directly affect the effect of fracturing yield increasing.Study and show both at home and abroad, fracturing fluid residue fracture flow conductivity extent of injury even can reach 80～90%.
In order to reduce fracturing fluid residue fracture flow conductivity extent of injury, need to evaluate by experiment the low injury type fracturing fluid system formula with preferred low residue.Evaluated fracturing fluid is to use the API proppant experimental rig flow process (seeing accompanying drawing 1) of recommending in oil and gas industry standard SY/T 6302-2009 " fracturing propping agents filling bed short-term flow conductivity is evaluated recommend method " to the method for supporting crack flow conductivity injury in the past, adopts distilled water to record the initial flow conductivity k of supporting crack according to carry out unidirectional displacement from inlet to liquid outlet direction
0w
f, and then the fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid of unidirectional displacement certain volume simulates the injury process of fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, records the fracture condudtiviy k after injury
1w
f, the variation of the flow conductivity value before and after contrast injury can show that the fracturing fluid of required evaluation is to the injury rate of supporting crack flow conductivity: (k
0w
f-k
1w
f)/k
0w
f, preferably provide guidance for realizing different fracturing fluid system formulas, thereby reduce fracturing fluid, supporting crack flow conductivity is injured.
After but pressing crack construction finishes, completing brokenly glue at fracturing fluid carries out open flow and returns in row's process, the partial open liquid residue accumulating in supporting crack filling bed can return and drain into ground with the rolling action of fracturing liquid rubber-breaking hydrating fluid and formation fluid under certain differential pressure effect, thereby making supporting crack flow conductivity obtain part recovers, and if the less supporting crack filling bed that is more easily carried out of fracturing fluid residue particle diameter, supporting crack flow conductivity recovery extent is also more obvious.
Therefore, existing method has only been simulated the injury process of fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, and do not consider that fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) process can make supporting crack flow conductivity obtain part and recover, can not truly reflect the actual harm degree of fracturing fluid fracture flow conductivity, the evaluation that impact is filled a prescription to fracturing fluid system and preferred.
Summary of the invention
The experimental technique of the effective evaluation fracturing fluid that the present invention seeks to design a kind of actual harm degree that can actual response fracturing fluid fracture flow conductivity to the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity.
The present invention first adopts distilled water to carry out forward displacement from inlet to the liquid outlet direction of guide instrument, records the initial flow conductivity k of supporting crack
0w
fcarry out forward displacement with fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid from inlet to the liquid outlet direction of guide instrument again, the injury of simulation fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, it is characterized in that: finally carry out reverse displacement with the KCl aqueous solution from liquid outlet to the inlet direction of guide instrument, when simulation fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), the part recovery process of fracture condudtiviy, records the supporting crack flow conductivity value k after recovery
2w
f; With fracturing fluid after the row of returning to supporting crack flow conductivity actual harm rate: (k
0w
f-k
2w
f)/k
0w
finjury rate as the fracturing fluid of evaluating to supporting crack flow conductivity.
The present invention, after twice positive displacement of routine, is used further to KCl aqueous solution simulation actual formation liquid and carries out anti-displacement.The guide instrument that can positive and negatively drive has solved the oppositely problem of pressurized of pressure sensor, the injury process of forward displacement fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid simulation fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, the part recovery process of fracture condudtiviy when reverse displacement is simulated fracturing fluid recovery (backflow).Value after recovering by contrast fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) rear support fracture condudtiviy and the value before the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity, by supporting crack flow conductivity actual harm rate truly being reflected to fracturing fluid is to supporting crack flow conductivity actual harm degree with fracturing fluid after the row of returning, for preferred fracturing fluid system formula provides guidance, thereby reduce the extent of injury of fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, improve pressure break and increase oily effect.
The mass percent concentration of the KCl aqueous solution of the present invention is 2%.When natural plant gum class aqueous fracturing fluid enters after reservoir, can cause that rock clay mineral expands, cause Reservoir Seepage space to reduce, reduce Reservoir Seepage ability.Therefore in order to prevent clay swell, select the KCl aqueous solution can play antiexpanding action.In addition can be together with the formation fluid such as formation water after fracturing liquid rubber-breaking aquation the row of returning, formation water contains a large amount of Cl conventionally
-ion, with the KCl aqueous solution mainly for can more approaching simulation returning drainage body.KCl concentration of aqueous solution selects 2%, and while mainly considering that KCl concentration of aqueous solution is 2%, its viscosity and distilled water are substantially approaching, when supporting crack flow conductivity calculates, need to bring this parameter of viscosity into.Because both viscosity approach, when the flow conductivity recording at contrast reverse displacement and original flow conductivity, can avoid changing because of viscosity the impact causing.
In order to reduce the impact of air on test value in the front guide instrument of test, the present invention, before employing distilled water carries out forward displacement from inlet to the liquid outlet direction of guide instrument, first vacuumizes guide instrument.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the API proppant experimental rig flow process of the method for existing evaluation fracturing fluid to the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity.
Fig. 2 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the graph of a relation of two kinds of different fracturing fluid system forward displacement different volumes and fracture condudtiviy.
Fig. 4 is the graph of a relation of two kinds of different fracturing fluid system reverse displacement different volumes and fracture condudtiviy.
Detailed description of the invention
As seen from Figure 2, the present invention is mainly made up of a magnetic stirring apparatus 16 with piston, lp piston 17, a guide instrument 18 that can positive and negatively drive and a preheater 5 for the device tested.
Fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid C is housed in the cavity of magnetic stirring apparatus 18 piston bottoms, magnetic agitation causes and only has partial open liquid residue to be entered by displacement in the guide instrument 18 that can positive and negatively drive to prevent fracturing fluid residue from deposition occurring in container cavity, can not truly reflect the injury of actual fracturing fluid residue concentration to supporting crack flow conductivity.
Mass percent concentration be housed be 2% KCl aqueous solution D in the cavity on lp piston 17 piston tops, with simulated formation liquid.
In the guide instrument 18 that can positive and negatively drive according to the proppant of the laid certain sanding concentration of API standard.
The guide instrument 18 that can positive and negatively drive has solved the oppositely problem of pressurized of pressure sensor, the injury process of forward displacement fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid simulation fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, the part recovery process of fracture condudtiviy when reverse displacement 2%KCl solutions simulate fracturing fluid recovery (backflow).Value after recovering by contrast fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) rear support fracture condudtiviy and the value before the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity, just can show that the fracturing fluid of required evaluation is to the actual harm degree of supporting crack flow conductivity.
Concrete operations flow process:
1, only open the vacuum valve 3 being connected with vacuum pump, guide instrument 18 is vacuumized, then close vacuum valve 3.
2, forward displacement distilled water: open outlet valve 1, open valve 2,4,6, No. 11, close valve 7,8,9,10,12,13,14, No. 15, record the initial flow conductivity value of supporting crack k
0w
f;
Wherein:
K
0for initial support fracture permeabgility, μ
0for the viscosity of forward displacement used test fluid distilled water, Q is the flow of forward displacement, △ P
0for the pressure differential recording at No. 2 and No. 4 valves, W
ffor supporting crack width.
3, forward displacement fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid, open outlet valve 1, close valve 6,9,10,12,13,14, No. 15, open valve 2,4,7,8, No. 11, simulation fracturing fluid, to supporting crack flow conductivity injury process, records the value k after the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity
1w
f.
Wherein:
K
1for the supporting crack permeability after the injury of fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid, μ
1for the viscosity of forward displacement used test fluid fracturing liquid breaking glue solution, Q is the flow of forward displacement, △ P
1for the pressure differential recording at No. 2 and No. 4 valves, W
ffor supporting crack width.
4, the KCl aqueous solution that reverse displacement mass percent is 2%: close forward outlet 1, close valve 6,7,8,11,2, No. 4, open valve 9,10,12,13,14, No. 15, when simulation fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), supporting crack flow conductivity part recovery process, records the supporting crack flow conductivity value k after recovery
2w
f.
Wherein:
K
2for reverse displacement rear support fracture permeabgility, μ
2for the viscosity of the reverse displacement used test fluid 2%KCl aqueous solution, the flow that Q is reverse displacement, △ P
2for the pressure differential recording at No. 14 and No. 15 valves, W
ffor supporting crack width.
5, calculate:
Fracturing fluid is to supporting crack flow conductivity initial injury rate:
（k
0W
f-k
1W
f）/k
0W
f
Fracturing fluid after the row of returning to supporting crack flow conductivity actual harm rate:
（k
0W
f-k
2W
f）/k
0W
f
Preferred to each fracturing fluid system formula to the actual harm rate realization of supporting crack flow conductivity by contrasting different fracturing fluids, reduce the injury of fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, improve pressure break oil increasing effect.
Carry out detailed description of the invention explanation as an example of X well example:
X well pressure break depth of reservoirs is 3557.5-3574.4m, and reservoir temperature is 125 DEG C.These two kinds of systems of known 0.6% hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluid and 0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid are at 130 DEG C, 170s
-1shearing 1h viscosity can meet and take sand requirement more than still can remaining on 300mPas.These two kinds of fracturing fluid systems are carried out to fracture conductivity damage contrast, thought that X well fracturing fluid system preference provides reference.
Experimental technique: proppant is all selected the haydite of 0.3～0.6mm, meets SY/T5108-2006 standard, and under 69MPa, percentage of damage is only 4.0%.Take 64.5g haydite, with 10kg/m
2sanding concentration laid between two parallel steel plates, first record the initial flow conductivity 207.5 μ m of supporting crack under 10MPa with distilled water
2cm.
2 explanations:
experiment adopts the closure stress of 10MPa, fails the closure stress of simulated formation, and mainly preventing that proppant is broken can injury proppant flow conductivity.
the upper lower plate of laid layer adopts steel plate, and do not adopt natural core plate, is mainly to reduce the impact of proppant embedment on experiment.
Forward displacement passes into different aperture volume number (PV number) 0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid breaking glue solution and 0.6% hydroxypropyl guar fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid respectively subsequently, observes the variation of fracture condudtiviy with forward displacement volume.
After difference forward displacement 10PV volume fracturing liquid breaking glue solution, 0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid and 0.6% hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluid drop to respectively 149.7 μ m to the flow conductivity of supporting crack as can be seen from Figure 3
2cm and 33.4 μ m
2cm:
0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid is to supporting crack flow conductivity initial injury rate:
（207.5-149.7）/207.5×100%=27.7%
0.6% hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluid is to supporting crack flow conductivity initial injury rate:
207.5-33.4/207.5×100%=83.9%
The part recovery process of supporting crack flow conductivity when the 2%KCl solutions simulate fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) of reverse displacement 10PV volume respectively again.As seen from Figure 4: 0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid and 0.6% hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluid to the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity by 149.7 μ m
2cm and 33.4 μ m
2cm returns to respectively 155. 9 μ m
2cm and 55.1 μ m
2cm.
Simulate fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) process by reverse displacement, obtain the final extent of injury of fracturing fluid fracture flow conductivity:
0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid is the actual harm rate to supporting crack flow conductivity finally:
207.5-155.9/207.5×100%=22.7%
0.6% hydroxypropyl guar fracturing fluid is the actual harm rate to supporting crack flow conductivity finally:
207.5-55.1/207.5×100%=75.4%
By simulating the positive and negative rear two kinds of of the fracturing fluid actual harm rates to supporting crack flow conductivity of having determined of driving, the not anti-injury rate obtaining of driving of comparing is little, and this has also further verified that fracturing fluid recovery (backflow) process can carry out partial open liquid residue and make fracture conductivity damage obtain past release.
By the positive and negative method of evaluating the injury of fracturing fluid fracture flow conductivity of driving of design, determine that X well fracturing fluid system selects 0.35% carboxy-methyl hydroxy propyl guanidine gum fracturing fluid, to reduce the injury of fracturing fluid fracture flow conductivity, improve the effect of wellfracturing volume increase.
Using such method is analogized, also can evaluate the injury of the different fracturing fluid gelatinizer consumption of same fracturing fluid system fracture flow conductivity, thereby Optimum Fracturing formula of liquid, reduces thickening agent consumption and reduces fracturing fluid cost and the extent of injury of fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity.
Claims (3)
1. the method for effective evaluation fracturing fluid to the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity, first adopts distilled water to carry out forward displacement from inlet to the liquid outlet direction of guide instrument, records the initial flow conductivity k of supporting crack
0w
fcarry out forward displacement with fracturing liquid rubber-breaking liquid from inlet to the liquid outlet direction of guide instrument again, the injury of simulation fracturing fluid to supporting crack flow conductivity, it is characterized in that: finally carry out reverse displacement with the KCl aqueous solution from liquid outlet to the inlet direction of guide instrument, when simulation fracturing fluid recovery (backflow), the part recovery process of fracture condudtiviy, records the supporting crack flow conductivity value k after recovery
2w
f; With fracturing fluid after the row of returning to supporting crack flow conductivity actual harm rate: (k
0w
f-k
2w
f)/k
0w
finjury rate as the fracturing fluid of evaluating to supporting crack flow conductivity.
2. the method that effective evaluation fracturing fluid injures supporting crack flow conductivity according to claim 1, the mass percent concentration that it is characterized in that the described KCl aqueous solution is 2%.
3. the method to the injury of supporting crack flow conductivity according to effective evaluation fracturing fluid described in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, before employing distilled water carries out forward displacement from inlet to the liquid outlet direction of guide instrument, first guide instrument being vacuumized.
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Cited By (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104153754A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-11-19 | 西南石油大学 | Dynamic laying device for testing flow conductivity of propping agent under simulated formation condition |
| CN104880386A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-02 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | System for testing friction resistance of carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid |
| CN104897521A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing liquid flow conductivity testing system |
| CN105136991A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Multifunctional crack flow guide capability test system and method |
| CN105807002A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-27 | 河南理工大学 | Experimental device and method for methanogens degraded coal seam residual guanidine gum and aerogenesis |
| CN106501491A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-15 | 清华大学 | Experimental provision and method that a kind of evaluation fracturing fluid is injured to petroleum reservoir |
| CN110080751A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-02 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of visualization proppant pore throat seepage flow and block test device and its application method |
| CN110608019A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Steering separate-layer fracturing experiment simulation device and using method thereof |
| CN113340760A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device for measuring proppant breaking rate |
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| CN104153754B (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-07-06 | 西南石油大学 | Dynamic laid device for the test of simulation stratum condition lower support agent flow conductivity |
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| CN104880386A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-02 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | System for testing friction resistance of carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing fluid |
| CN104897521A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing liquid flow conductivity testing system |
| CN105136991A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Multifunctional crack flow guide capability test system and method |
| CN105807002B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-12-01 | 河南理工大学 | Methanogen degraded coal seam residual guanidine glue has the experimental provision and method of aerogenesis concurrently |
| CN105807002A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-27 | 河南理工大学 | Experimental device and method for methanogens degraded coal seam residual guanidine gum and aerogenesis |
| CN106501491A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-03-15 | 清华大学 | Experimental provision and method that a kind of evaluation fracturing fluid is injured to petroleum reservoir |
| CN106501491B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-04-23 | 清华大学 | A kind of experimental provision that evaluation fracturing fluid injures petroleum reservoir and method |
| CN110080751A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-02 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of visualization proppant pore throat seepage flow and block test device and its application method |
| CN110080751B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2024-02-02 | 西安石油大学 | Visual proppant pore throat seepage and plugging testing device and application method thereof |
| CN110608019A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Steering separate-layer fracturing experiment simulation device and using method thereof |
| CN113340760A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device for measuring proppant breaking rate |
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Application publication date: 20140618 |