CN103693209A - Aircraft corrosion environment monitoring method and device - Google Patents

Aircraft corrosion environment monitoring method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103693209A
CN103693209A CN201310696467.XA CN201310696467A CN103693209A CN 103693209 A CN103693209 A CN 103693209A CN 201310696467 A CN201310696467 A CN 201310696467A CN 103693209 A CN103693209 A CN 103693209A
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aircraft
corrosion
module
measurement
sensor
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CN103693209B (en
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袁慎芳
常鸣
邱雷
王长春
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses an aircraft corrosion environment monitoring method and device and belongs to the field of structure health monitoring. According to the method, a plurality of environment parameters prone to causing corrosion are measured to determine the environment corrosion level, and accordingly, the aircraft structure health condition is evaluated to guide technical attendants to take corresponding measures. The aircraft corrosion environment monitoring device is mainly composed of a master-control micro-control module, a measurement module, a communication module and a power supply module. The device is small in size, low in energy consumption and suitable for being mounted at every position of the aircraft for long-term monitoring. According to the method and the device, existing scheduled maintenance of the aircraft can be changed into maintenance as required, the efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

A kind of aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method and implement device thereof
technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method and implement device thereof, belong to structural health monitoring technology field.
background technology
The corrosion of Flight Vehicle Structure, refers to accumulation chemical loss and destruction that member occurs by chemistry or electrochemical action passing in time under environment for use.Its randomness is large, and type is extensive, and influence factor is numerous and interaction is strong, can not avoid completely.The corrosion damage of aircraft directly affects residual life, concerns flight safety.But at the corrosion initial stage, corrosion location is difficult to detect, and after corrosion germinating, if do not controlled, will obtain sooner than other lesion development, more serious.Therefore, generation and the diffusion of necessary active prevention, control corrosion.
At present, at aerospace field, the corrosion monitoring of aircraft is mainly absorbed in the research and development of anticorrosive coating, utilizes various Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurements to find, locate corrosion, differentiates extent of corrosion.As technology such as ultrasonic imaging, magneto-optic imaging, infrared imagings, be all to find corrosion in the situation that corrosion has occurred, according to degree of impairment, take corresponding remedial measures.Be the Anti-corrosion design that the focus of current concern is aircraft, and the detection after corroding and maintenance, almost blank for the study on monitoring of the corrosive environment of aircraft.
The corrosive environment monitoring of aircraft mainly refers to the feature for Flight Vehicle Structure, monitoring device is installed at the position that corrosion easily occurs at some, Real-time Collection environmental parameters around, after signal condition, be uploaded to client building database, with the variation to environment, analyze, the possibility that prediction corrosion occurs, safeguards aircraft as early as possible, avoids the loss causing because of corrosion as far as possible.
By the corrosive environment of monitoring aircraft, can constructing environment-erosion model, according to environmental parameters, calculate rate of corrosion, derive the corrosion condition of aircraft, to instruct engineering to safeguard, both reduced unnecessary shutdown, guaranteed again flight safety.
summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method and implement device thereof.The method is mainly to measure by monitoring device the critical environments parameter that easily causes aircraft corrosion, and via its rate of corrosion that may cause of calculated with mathematical model, and then the corrosive grade of supposition environment.Wherein monitoring device is integrated three kinds of sensors, can monitor five environmental parameterss relevant to corrosion: temperature, relative humidity, moistening time,
Figure 54239DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value and
Figure 421767DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
concentration.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for solving its technical matters:
An aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method, comprises the steps:
(1) at aircraft, easily there is the position distribution aircraft corrosive environment monitoring device of corrosion, using it as sensor node, and add and to converge node and form sensor network, the corrosive environment of Real-Time Monitoring total, the environmental parameters of measurement comprise temperature, relative humidity, moistening time,
Figure 850343DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value and
Figure 63149DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
concentration;
(2), while shutting down, user collects data, building database by converging node;
(3) user is by the data in analytical database, rule of thumb model
Figure 831254DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
calculate the rate of corrosion that this environmental energy causes, wherein
Figure 166421DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
rate of corrosion, unit
Figure 82293DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
;
Figure 98790DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
be value;
Figure 495978DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
chlorine ion concentration, unit ; the moistening time, unit
Figure 993190DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
; temperature, unit ;
Figure 856607DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
relative humidity;
Figure 329177DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
be the coefficient of this empirical model, the data of being obtained by test specimen anticorrosive test calculate the coefficient value that is suitable for measurand;
(4) rate of corrosion step (3) being obtained with
Figure 626647DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
the corrosiveness of the environment grade of middle division compares, and can to the health status of aircraft, make assessment from the angle of corrosion, and judge on this basis whether present stage needs aircraft to safeguard.
A kind of implement device of aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method, comprise master control micro control module, measurement module, communication module and power module: master control micro control module is directly connected with measurement module, a plurality of sensors of controlling in measurement module are measured environmental parameters in real time; Master control micro control module utilizes built-in serial communication function parts to be directly connected with the conversion chip of communication module, realizes and extraneous wired or wireless data communication; Power module provides the operating voltage of master control micro-control and measurement, communication module.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method that the present invention proposes, by measuring the environmental parameters of a plurality of easy initiation corrosion, is determined the corrosive grade of environment, thereby passes judgment on the health status of Flight Vehicle Structure, instructs engineering to take corresponding measure.The aircraft corrosive environment monitoring device volume that wherein relates to is little, energy consumption is low, and long term monitoring is carried out at each position that is applicable to being arranged on aircraft.The present invention can become maintenance on demand by the existing periodical maintenance of aircraft, has improved efficiency, has reduced cost.
accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is the metering circuit figure of moistening timer; Fig. 2 (b) is the metering circuit figure of electrochemical sensor.
Fig. 3 is aircraft corrosive environment monitoring sensor network diagram.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of steps of monitoring method of the present invention.
the specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention is described in further details.
Add up by inquiry aircraft environment for use and ground parking, the environmental parameters of analyzing influence structure erosion.Humiture is the key factor that corrosion occurs, but work characteristics based on aircraft, the origin cause of formation of its structure erosion is many-sided.If the Humid Status of body structure surface, muriatic pollution are also the key factors of aerial metal corrosion.?
Figure 489561DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the occasion that concentration is higher, if chloride is deposited in aircraft outside face or is trapped in inside with condensed water, more easily forms electrolyte solution accelerated corrosion.In addition, be subject to the impact of industrial pollution and aircraft tail gas, in environment, generally also exist
Figure 900820DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
with
Figure 900000DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
.When Flight Vehicle Structure surface wettability, these source of pollution can be water-soluble or be reacted with water, make solution
Figure 371301DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value changes, and this is also one of origin cause of formation causing corrosion.So, the present invention choose to temperature, relative humidity, moistening time,
Figure 721511DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value and
Figure 936461DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the key parameter that these five of concentration affect Flight Vehicle Structure corrosion carries out long term monitoring.To the monitoring of these parameters, rely on Temperature Humidity Sensor, moistening timer and electrochemical sensor to complete, moistening timer and electrochemical sensor wherein belong to non-commercial sensor, for the present invention designs and produces.
Humiture integrated transducer: what choose here is
Figure 118043DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
paster encapsulation Temperature Humidity Sensor.Sensor is integrated in sensitive member and signal processing circuit on a micro-circuit board, the digital signal that output is demarcated completely.
Moistening timer: the moistening time is that metal exposed surface in air continues the moistening time.According to
Figure 245399DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
definition, the moistening time refers to that temperature exists above, relative humidity higher than
Figure 838896DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
time.Traditional method of measurement is that temperature and the relative humidity of combined environment is estimated the moistening time, and there are certain discrepancy this and actual moistening time, and better method is that design sensor is monitored it.The present invention has made the moistening timer of resistance-type, employing standard manufacturing technology is produced two copper interdigital electrodes that are separated from each other on epoxy resin board.Dry in the situation that, between two electrodes, do not contact mutually, sensor output resistance is infinitely great; When having precipitation or condensation vapor on sensor surface time, between electrode, form path, output resistance reduces greatly.By certain metering circuit, measure the resistance variations of this sensor, can extrapolate the moistening time of environment.The observed data in some early stages has verified that sensor electrical die opening is less, and transducer sensitivity is higher.So the design's moistening timer electrode separation only has
Figure 625773DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
even if only formed some minute sized drops on surface and also can perceivedly arrive.In addition, sensor needs long term exposure externally in environment, and the exposed damage that can be corroded very soon in air of copper electrode, so cover again layer of gold protection on electrode.This sensor bulk is little, lightweight, and the life-span is long, and the narrow space that is adapted at aircraft is used.
Electrochemical sensor: the present invention has has also designed and produced electrochemical sensor and has been used for monitoring
Figure 199842DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
concentration and
Figure 507327DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value, the principle of measurement of this sensor is similar to linear polarization technique.When sensor is exposed in moist atmosphere or in there being the place of ponding, its surface water membrane of can condensing.This layer of moisture film dissolved salt or other impurity has formed necessarily
Figure 397922DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
concentration and
Figure 381928DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
the electrolyte solution of value, provides condition to electrochemical corrosion.During measurement, wait for that the corrosion potential of electrode is stable, electrode reaction is in state of equilibrium; The additional small voltage of working electrode is polarized, the speed of forward and backward reaction is unequal again, and polarization current also changes.During work, the electrode of sensor is applied to sweep voltage, Real-Time Monitoring outgoing current.The observed data in early stage has been proved, when electrolyte solution concentration higher or
Figure 309398DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
more hour, the electric current of generation is also larger, can obtain in environment by the variation of monitoring current for value concentration and
Figure 412669DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value situation.Traditional measurement mechanism is all three-electrode system, working electrode, reference electrode and aux. electrode, consists of.The electrode process of working electrode and reference electrode is the same, and their corrosion potential is close, in addition the polarization time very short, so can adopt identical material to make this two electrodes; And because aux. electrode only time completes power circuit for polarization, also can adopt same material to make.In addition, the present invention chooses wider electrode and serves as reference electrode and aux. electrode simultaneously, and narrower electrode is as working electrode, and one of this sensor wide narrow two electrode structures, have replaced traditional three-electrode structure.So, this sensor be by
Figure 446484DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
the bipolar electrode grating structure that duralumin is made, choosing the material identical with monitored target is in order to present better the corrosion condition of aircraft.During making, choosing epoxy resin board is substrate, by evaporation coating technique, plates securely the film of one deck duralumin thereon, then the pattern of gate-shaped electrode is engraved on film in conjunction with photoetching technique by the mask plate processing in advance.One, the electrode of sensor is wide
Figure 345039DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, one wide , between be separated by
Figure 473718DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
.This size sensor is little, and material is identical with monitored target, is applicable to being applied in the corrosion monitoring of Flight Vehicle Structure.
To the measurement of environmental parameters, need sensor directly to contact with test environment, for this reason, the integral layout of apparatus of the present invention is designed to upper and lower two-layer.Sensor and corresponding metering circuit are placed in outside, upper strata, and outside sensor is exposed to, and metering circuit is partly protected by package casing; Lower floor is control circuit, realizes the management to whole device.Between levels, by contact pin, carry out circuit connection, play fixing effect simultaneously.Whole device volume little (
Figure 994829DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
), be adapted at using in the narrow space of aircraft.
Fig. 1 is the whole schematic diagram of device, master control micro control module, power module, measurement module and communication module, consists of, and above-mentioned sensor and metering circuit thereof belong to measurement module.Main control chip in master control micro control module is
Figure 434425DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
, this chip internal is integrated with digital to analogy conversion
Figure 357382DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
, analogue to digital conversion
Figure 854091DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
and IC bus
Figure 924815DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
module, can control sensor and complete the measurement to different parameters.Temperature Humidity Sensor output digit signals in device, main control chip is connected with these sensor two lines (data line, clock line), by agreement is carried out the collection of humiture data; And moistening time and electrochemical sensor are analog measurement, need to be by external excitation, the D and A converter of main control chip is directly connected to provide excitation with two kinds of sensors.
Fig. 2 is the metering circuit schematic diagram of moistening time and electrochemical sensor.Because these two kinds of sensors have low trigger level, low outgoing current, the work characteristics such as output signal dynamic change scope is large, its metering circuit needs appropriate design.The metering circuit of moistening timer, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), applies driving voltage to it
Figure 942635DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
, by bleeder circuit, resistance being converted into voltage, the voltage signal of bleeder circuit obtains output voltage after amplification and filtering
Figure 360978DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
.The metering circuit of electrochemical sensor, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), applies driving voltage to it
Figure 840370DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
, after electrochemical reaction is stable, measure the polarization current producing between the two poles of the earth, polarization current is converted to voltage through change-over circuit again, and amplification and filtering obtain output voltage after processing .
Above metering circuit design is special to be focused on the denoising of tiny signal and amplification: the one, by rational grounding design, prevent because the error that current potential overbalance is introduced; Next adopts the op amp of low biasing to carry out filtering and amplification to sensor output signal; On the other hand, the biasing of sensor and circuit adopts software compensation to eliminate.
The output signal of metering circuit directly and the D and A converter of main control chip
Figure 513458DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
connect data acquisition and storage.Main control chip has
Figure 102703DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
's with
Figure 667862DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
's , add up and can store the take off data of more than 2000 time.If measure and to be set as every 30 minutes once, being uploaded to so before client can continuous running 1000 hours.
Whole monitoring device is powered by power module, supplying cell process
Figure 616281DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
after direct current conversion, for main control chip and measurement, communication module provide operating voltage.Power consumption aspect,
Figure 820998DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
power managed very advantageous, add in this application, the environmental parameters of Sensor monitoring is to change physical quantity very slowly, so do not need measure and transmit data frequently, corresponding average power is also very low.As required, by the regular activated sensors of main control chip, make it to enter mode of operation: measurement environment parameter, signal condition, data storage and transmission; And at all the other constantly in dormant state.The feature of this low-power consumption is guaranteed the service life of this device.
This device can carry out data communication with outside,
Figure 209778DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
be built-in with two-way serial communication
Figure 550761DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
module, these two parts are connected with the conversion chip in communication module, realize as required or wireless telecommunications.
During use, in order to monitor the corrosive environment of total, as shown in Figure 4, easily there is position this device of distributing installation of corrosion in concrete steps flow chart at aircraft, and continuous acquisition environmental parameters, is stored in this locality after signal condition.Regard each monitoring device as sensor node, between them, just formed so a sensor network.In order to realize the communication between whole system, except each sensor node, also need to add and converge node, as shown in Figure 3.The monitoring device of diverse location is converged node by local data transfer, converges each sensor node of node integrated management, and is in due course data upload.As when shutting down, user can pass through handheld device, as
Figure 750984DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
, notebook etc., via converging node, obtain all data, building database.
User storage data is that method is as follows in order to assess the corrosive property of environment by the environmental parameters of obtaining:
First,
Figure 425679DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
in standard, provided the method for dividing corrosiveness of the environment grade, by being determined at the standard metal in corrosive environment, as the rate of corrosion of zinc is divided corrosive grade, as shown in table 1.
Figure 136015DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Secondly, analyze the test environment parameter of obtaining, by following empirical model, infer the rate of corrosion that this environment may cause:
Wherein
Figure 666539DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
rate of corrosion, unit
Figure 144925DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
;
Figure 972417DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
be
Figure 245267DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
value; chlorine ion concentration, unit ;
Figure 862565DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the moistening time, unit
Figure 368632DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
;
Figure 522533DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
temperature, unit
Figure 591989DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
;
Figure 882156DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
relative humidity;
Figure 952268DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
be coefficient every in model, test specimen is exposed in environment to be measured after corrosion, by the data of obtaining, can be calculated each coefficient value.
Finally, the rate of corrosion that above calculated with mathematical model is gone out and the comparing in table 1, can obtain the corrosiveness of the environment grade in this stage, and instruct on this basis engineering to judge whether present stage needs aircraft to safeguard.

Claims (2)

1. an aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) at aircraft, easily there is the position distribution aircraft corrosive environment monitoring device of corrosion, using it as sensor node, and add and to converge node and form sensor network, the corrosive environment of Real-Time Monitoring total, the environmental parameters of measurement comprise temperature, relative humidity, moistening time,
Figure 225179DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value and concentration;
(2), while shutting down, user collects data, building database by converging node;
(3) user is by the data in analytical database, rule of thumb model
Figure 453739DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
calculate the rate of corrosion that this environmental energy causes, wherein
Figure 982941DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
rate of corrosion, unit
Figure 864178DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
;
Figure 719001DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
be
Figure 685689DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
value;
Figure 18582DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
chlorine ion concentration, unit ;
Figure 780050DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
the moistening time, unit
Figure 254542DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
;
Figure 453442DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
temperature, unit
Figure 60004DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
; relative humidity;
Figure 932331DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
be the coefficient of this empirical model, the data of being obtained by test specimen anticorrosive test calculate the coefficient value that is suitable for measurand;
(4) rate of corrosion step (3) being obtained with
Figure 856293DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
the corrosiveness of the environment grade of middle division compares, and can to the health status of aircraft, make assessment from the angle of corrosion, and judge on this basis whether present stage needs aircraft to safeguard.
2. the implement device of a kind of aircraft corrosive environment monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise master control micro control module, measurement module, communication module and power module: master control micro control module is directly connected with measurement module, a plurality of sensors of controlling in measurement module are measured environmental parameters in real time; Master control micro control module utilizes built-in serial communication function parts to be directly connected with the conversion chip of communication module, realizes and extraneous wired or wireless data communication; Power module provides the operating voltage of master control micro-control and measurement, communication module.
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