CN103674623A - Wheel type timed quantitative snow sample collection device without external power supply - Google Patents
Wheel type timed quantitative snow sample collection device without external power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN103674623A CN103674623A CN201310689072.7A CN201310689072A CN103674623A CN 103674623 A CN103674623 A CN 103674623A CN 201310689072 A CN201310689072 A CN 201310689072A CN 103674623 A CN103674623 A CN 103674623A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wheel type timed quantitative snow sample collection device without an external power supply. The device comprises a heat preservation box body, a snow receiving structure, a molten snow storage structure, a heating device and solar power supply equipment, wherein the snow receiving structure, the molten snow storage structure and the heating device are all arranged in the heat preservation box body; the snow receiving structure is fixed at the top of the box body on the right side of the heat preservation box body; the molten snow storage structure is positioned at the lower part of the box body on the left side; the heating device is positioned at the corner on the right side; the solar power supply equipment is positioned on the right side of the exterior of the heat preservation box body and connected through a wire cable. The device has the characteristics of high automation degree, compact structure, small size and convenience for management, is not provided with the external power supply, and is generally suitable for collecting winter snow; scientific automatic snow collection equipment is provided for a study on non-point source pollution in winter.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply, especially relate to a kind of snow core of snowfall in lasting that gather at times and atmosphere pollution is washed away to the automatic sampling apparatus of situation for research snowfall.This sampling apparatus can be applied to environmental monitoring, hydrometeorological department gathers snowfall, belongs to environmental monitoring, hydrometeorological equipment technology field.
[background technology]
According to the difference of pollution source characteristic, water pollutes can be divided into point-source pollution and non-point pollution.Non-point pollution refer to dissolving with pollutant solid from unspecific place, under precipitation (or snow melt) souring, by runoff process, import receiving water body (comprising river, lake, reservoir and bay etc.) and cause the pollution of eutrophication or other form of water body.Compare with point-source pollution, non-point pollution has the uncertainty of randomness, discharge approach and pollutant emission, the feature such as the difficulty of the space and time difference of pollutional load and monitoring, control and management is large.Pollutant kind has suspension (traffic, atmosphere dried wet deposition thing, cigarette boudoir flue dust), nutriment (nitrogen phosphorus), aerobic substance (house refuse, leaf, grass and mixed and disorderly discarded object are stacked) and noxious material (heavy metal, pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, palycyclic aromatic etc.).Wherein, snowfall is the very important a kind of precipitation form of north of china in winter, and warming causes particulate pollutant in air to increase, and the non-point pollution that snowfall produces is especially serious, thereby the non-point pollution that snowfall produces can not be ignored.And there are some researches show, the entrained polluter of snowfall is more than rainfall, because the time contacting with polluter in snowflake dropping process is longer, make the potentially contaminated impact of snow melt larger.Meanwhile, in accumulated snow, the content of part pollutant, apparently higher than the mean concentration of areal rain water pollutant, shows the potential non-point pollution intensity difference of the snowfall generation of different periods.Given this background, collection snowfall is at times extremely important for load and the variation of research city non-point pollution in winter.In environmental monitoring, need to gather snowfall, adopt manually of past more, the personnel that monitor when snowfall repeatedly hold sampling container and accept snow core.But in cold Snowfall, manually gather not only time-consuming, effort of snowfall sample, also more dangerous.Therefore, gathering automatically, efficiently snowfall sample is the problem that environment and hydrometeorological field are paid close attention to.Be applied to the precipitation gathering-device in environment and hydrometeorological field at development, for example application number is 89207888.X, name is called automatic rainfall monitor, publication number is the utility model patent of CN2059252U, utilize integrated high voltage, large electric current gating circuit switch system and relay, by the positive backwards rotation of motor, control the opening and closing of casing cover cap, to realize the automatic sampling of rainfall, not only simple and compact for structure, and price is comparatively cheap.And for example application number is 20070084376.0, name is called automatic rainfall monitor, publication number is the utility model patent of CN201034863Y, effect by natural precipitation and gravity realizes the cover plate of sampling thief cylindrical shell and automatically opens sampling, simple in structure, cost is low, easy to maintenance, and without electric power, be convenient to promote, facilitate field to use.Also having application number is 200710056668.8, name is called the atmosphere dried wet deposition multifunctional sampling instrument that holding tank is automatic lifting, publication number is the patent of invention of CN101013071A, use elevating mechanism to move up and down respectively holding tank, coordinate rainwater induction installation and time controller control circuit, realize the collection of rainwater or dry deposition sample, simplicity of design and part handling ease.
Above-mentioned patent is mostly that rainfall is gathered, and not for snowfall sampling, more lacks multi-period snowfall sampling.In recent years, some patents started the automatic sampling of snowfall and multi-period rainfall sampling to design.For example application number is 200710056667.3, name is called rainfall dustfall time-interval multifunctional automatic sampler, publication number is the patent of invention of CN101013070A, a plurality of collection cups are evenly set on the rotary-tray being driven by gear train, when rainy, can gather rainwater by Automatic continuous, also can when closing rain controller, automatically gather the atmospheric sample of different periods.And for example application number is 200520088519.6, name is called a kind of rainfall snowfall sample collector, publication number is the patent of invention of CN2862009, utilize rain insensitive device and heating tube, solved sampling thief lid because of freezing problem of not opening and avoided from the gap of lid, entering the phenomenon that the pollutant effects such as sand and dust detect quality, having designed the device that can carry out simple snow core collection.Yet, although having realized snowfall, above patent simply samples, all do not relate to the snow core of snowfall at times in lasting and automatically gather, and because complex structure, volume are large or the reason such as limit of functions, all can not meet the multi-period snowfall needs of automatically sampling.Develop a kind of novel automatic sampling apparatus at times, make it to be applied to most of Winter Snow sampling, city water in winter Pollution Study is had very important significance.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply, for the problems referred to above, combining environmental monitoring requirements, the snowfall automatic sampling apparatus that a kind of compact conformation is provided, carries out continuously at times snow core collection, to realize timely, accurate, the continuous collection of snow core.
The present invention is a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply, receives structure, snow melt memory structure, heating arrangement and solar power supply unit be comprised of thermal-insulating body, snowfall.Position annexation between them is: snowfall receives structure, snow melt memory structure and heating arrangement and is all positioned at thermal-insulating body inside; Wherein snowfall receives structure and is fixed on the top of protecting thermal-insulating body right side casing, and snow melt memory structure is positioned at the bottom of left side casing, and heating arrangement is positioned at corner, right side; Solar power supply unit is positioned at the right side of thermal-insulating body outside, by cable, connects.
Described thermal-insulating body is the spliceosome shape of two rectangular parallelepipeds of step size.Each face of casing forms the mode that all adopts stainless steel material to be combined with XPS extruded sheet, to reach box house insulation and to install firm effect.Openable upper cover is arranged at casing top is dust cap, by buckle and lower box, fixes, and the left side is in order to place and to take out snow melt reservoir vessel, and the right receives stop (effect that is dust cap) of structure pollution around in order to the non-snowfall period to snowfall.
Described snowfall receive structure comprise triangular prism shape glass guide channel with and square support column.The top of square support column contacts with triangular prism shape glass guide channel, and the bottom of square support column contacts with thermal-insulating body bottom surface; The glass plate that this triangular prism shape glass guide channel is is 140 degree by two angles is spliced, and passes through highly different square support columns in casing, and to spend with horizontal plane angle 20, central axes is fixed in the mode of vertical plane.In snowfall, the dust cap of top is when open, and snow core can drop on the glass plate of triangular prism shape glass guide channel, and after thawing along the angle of the inclination of triangular prism shape glass guide channel downstream in water inlet pipe and snow melt reservoir vessel.
Described snow melt memory structure is comprised of water inlet pipe, timing rotating disk, snow melt reservoir vessel and drainpipe.Regularly rotating disk is positioned at the center of left side small box, is provided with the operation of timing rotation predetermined angular, and the panel of rotating disk top is distributing 12 and can place the circular groove that snow melt reservoir vessel is sampling bottle.Water inlet pipe inlet segment is fixed on the bottom water delivering orifice of triangular prism shape glass guide channel, and the other end is positioned at the top, center of snow melt reservoir vessel position, the rightmost side, and snow melt enters snow melt reservoir vessel from triangular prism shape glass guide channel by water inlet pipe.Snow melt reservoir vessel is polyethylene bottle, along with the snow melt storing with the period is collected in the rotation of timing rotating disk.Drainpipe is arranged at regularly rotating disk below panel and stretches out outside thermal-insulating body, in the situation that surpassing storage early warning value, unnecessary snow melt is discharged.
Described heating arrangement is positioned at corner, thermal-insulating body right side and receives structure with snowfall and separates, for heating the air of whole thermal-insulating body, make to remain in thermal-insulating body a stable room temperature state (25 degree left and right), the normal melting process of snowfall simulation, makes snowfall melt in time and to collect.This heating arrangement is rectangular-shaped, and tubular metal electric heating element be take as main body in inside, has stainless steel outer cover.
Described solar power supply unit comprises solar panels, controller for solar and accumulator.Relation between three is: under the system of controller for solar is controlled, the electric energy that the emittance by solar panels conversion solar is obtained, is sent in accumulator and stores, and discharges in needs.By daytime solar energy collecting being converted into electric energy, lay in, come, for snowfall gatherer process equipment electric weight use afterwards, to have embodied the scientific idea of environmental protection, also easily quick.These solar panels are rectangular-shaped, and physical dimension is 980*795*35mm, and power is 100wp; This controller for solar is 12V10A photovoltaic controller, is rectangular parallelepiped; The specification of this accumulator is 12V/60AH.
Wherein, the quantity of this square support column is 6;
Wherein, the physical dimension of this glass plate is 40*60cm*4mm;
The present invention is a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply, its advantage and effect are: the present invention has realized the technology in snowfall lasts, snow core being gathered at times, compared to the prior art, it has that automaticity is high, compact conformation, volume are small and exquisite, be easy to carry, the feature of convenient management, and without external power supply, generally be applicable to Winter Snow collection simultaneously, price is also more cheap, for city Study of Non Point Source in winter provides the snowfall automatic sampling device of science.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map of device
Fig. 2 is the front elevation of device
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of device
Fig. 4 is the left view of device
In Fig. 1:
1-snowfall receives structure: triangular prism shape glass guide channel 2-snow melt reservoir vessel: polyethylene bottle 3-is rotating disk 4-heating arrangement regularly: well heater and accumulator 5-dust cap 6-solar panels 7-controller for solar 8-support column 9-thermal-insulating body 10-water inlet pipe 11-drainpipe 12-buckle
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply, receives structure 1, snow melt memory structure 2,3,10,11, heating arrangement 4 and solar power supply unit 6,7 by thermal-insulating body 9, snowfall and forms.
Described thermal-insulating body 9 is the spliceosome shape of two rectangular parallelepipeds of step size.Each face of thermal-insulating body forms the mode that all adopts stainless steel material to be combined with XPS extruded sheet, to reach box house insulation and to install firm effect.Openable upper cover is arranged at thermal-insulating body 9 tops is dust cap 5, by buckle 12 and lower box, fixes, and the left side is in order to placement and take out snow melt reservoir vessel 2, stop (effect that be dust cap 5) of the right in order to reception structure is polluted around the non-snowfall period.
Described snowfall receive structure comprise triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1 with and square support column 8.The top of square support column 8 contacts with triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1, and the bottom of square support column 8 contacts with thermal-insulating body bottom surface; The glass plate that this triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1 is is 140 degree by two angles is spliced, the size of every glass plate is 40*60cm*4mm, and by 6 highly different square support columns 8, to spend with horizontal plane angle 20, central axes is fixed in the mode of vertical plane in casing.In snowfall, the dust cap 5 of top is when open, and snow core can drop on glass plate, and after thawing along the angle of the inclination of triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1 downstream in snow melt reservoir vessel 2.
Described snow melt memory structure is comprised of water inlet pipe 10, timing rotating disk 3, snow melt reservoir vessel 2 and drainpipe 11.Regularly rotating disk 3 is positioned at the center of left side small box, is provided with the operation of timing rotation predetermined angular, and regularly the panel of rotating disk 3 tops is distributing 12 and can place the circular groove that snow melt reservoir vessel 2 is sampling bottle.Water inlet pipe 10 inlet segments are fixed on the bottom water delivering orifice of triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1, and the other end is positioned at the top, center of rightmost side snow melt reservoir vessel 2 positions, and snow melt enters snow melt reservoir vessel 2 from triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1 by water inlet pipe 10.Snow melt reservoir vessel 2 is polyethylene bottle, along with the snow melt storing with the period is collected in the rotation of timing rotating disk 3.Drainpipe 11 is arranged at regularly rotating disk 3 below panels and stretches out outside thermal-insulating body, in the situation that surpassing storage early warning value, unnecessary snow melt is discharged.
Described heating arrangement 4 is positioned at thermal-insulating body 9 corners, right side and separates with triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1, for heating the air of whole thermal-insulating body 9, make to remain in thermal-insulating body 9 a stable room temperature state (25 degree left and right), the normal melting process of snowfall simulation, makes snowfall melt in time and to collect.This heating arrangement 4 is rectangular-shaped, and tubular metal electric heating element be take as main body in inside, has stainless steel outer cover.
Described solar power supply unit comprises solar panels 6, controller for solar 7 and accumulator.Relation between three is: under the system of controller for solar 7 is controlled, the electric energy that the emittance by solar panels conversion solar is obtained, is sent in accumulator and stores, and discharges in needs.By daytime solar energy collecting being converted into electric energy, lay in, come, for snowfall gatherer process equipment electric weight use afterwards, to have embodied the scientific idea of environmental protection, also easily quick.These solar panels 6 are rectangular-shaped, and physical dimension is 980*795*35mm, and power is 100wp; This controller for solar 7 is 12V10A photovoltaic controllers, is rectangular parallelepiped; This accumulator 4 is 12V/60AH specifications.
Concrete operating mode and the implementation step of this device are as follows:
In the date precontract three days of prediction snowfall, open in advance the heating arrangement 4 of thermal-insulating body 9, make whole device keep room temperature.When starting to snow, dust cap 5 is opened.Snow drops on triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1, and because casing 9 integral body are in room temperature state, the snow core of landing starts to melt, and dirty along the triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1 tilting, and by water inlet pipe 10, enters snow melt reservoir vessel 2, and sampling starts.The anglec of rotation e that programmable timing rotating disk 3 starts to fix by setting and time interval T (experimenter can programme as required setting) are rotated.When sampling starts, water inlet pipe 10 water delivering orifice positions are positioned at directly over snow melt reservoir vessel 2 centers of circle, and snow melt enters in snow melt reservoir vessel 2.After elapsed time T, rotating disk 3 automatic rotations regularly, make next snow melt reservoir vessel 2 continue to gather snow melt under being positioned at water inlet pipe 10, then rotate again to the next position after elapsed time T, until snowfall finishes or 12 snow melt reservoir vessels 2 are all equipped with snow melt, sampling stops.
Simulation example:
When weather forecast will have snowfall Dec 10, about Dec 8, started heating arrangement 4, make whole device keep room temperature.When starting snowfall, dust cap 5 is opened.Snow drops on triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1, and because casing 9 integral body are in room temperature state, the snow core of landing starts to melt, and dirty along the triangular prism shape glass guide channel 1 tilting, and by water inlet pipe 10, enters snow melt reservoir vessel 2, and sampling starts.
When the amount of snowmelt amount W collecting when each period need be greater than 30ml, due to receiving area (being glass plate total projection area), S is 2*(60*cos20 ° of * 40*cos20 °)=4239cm2, and Beijing snowfall Q is generally (1.0-6.0) mm/12h, and T=W/ (T*Q), the max cap. Wm=250ml of sample thief, so time T should be controlled 0.8-1.2h, thereby select T=1h, putting 12 snow melt reservoir vessels 2 in timing rotating disk 3.While setting regularly, rotating disk 3 is rotated with time interval T=1h by the anglec of rotation e=30 to fix °.When sampling starts, water inlet pipe 10 water delivering orifice positions are positioned at directly over snow melt reservoir vessel 2 centers of circle, and snow melt enters in snow melt reservoir vessel 2.After elapsed time T=1h, rotating disk 3 automatic rotations regularly, make next snow melt reservoir vessel 2 continue to gather snow melt under being positioned at water inlet pipe 10, then rotate again to the next position after elapsed time T, until snowfall finishes or 12 snow melt reservoir vessels 2 are all equipped with snow melt, sampling stops.12 samples that collect carry out follow-up detection.
Claims (3)
1. without the wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity of external power supply, it is characterized in that: it receives structure, snow melt memory structure, heating arrangement and solar power supply unit by thermal-insulating body, snowfall and forms; Snowfall receives structure, snow melt memory structure and heating arrangement and is all positioned at thermal-insulating body inside; Wherein snowfall receives structure and is fixed on the top of protecting thermal-insulating body right side casing, and snow melt memory structure is positioned at the bottom of left side casing, and heating arrangement is positioned at corner, right side, and solar power supply unit is positioned at the right side of thermal-insulating body outside, by cable, connects;
Described thermal-insulating body is the spliceosome shape of two rectangular parallelepipeds of step size, and each face of casing forms the mode that all adopts stainless steel material to be combined with XPS extruded sheet, to reach box house insulation and to install firm effect; Openable upper cover is arranged at casing top is dust cap, by buckle and lower box, fixes, and the left side is in order to place and to take out snow melt reservoir vessel, and the right receives stopping of structure pollution to snowfall around in order to the non-snowfall period;
Described snowfall receive structure comprise triangular prism shape glass guide channel with and square support column; The top of square support column contacts with triangular prism shape glass guide channel, and the bottom of square support column contacts with thermal-insulating body bottom surface; The glass plate that this triangular prism shape glass guide channel is is 140 degree by two angles is spliced, and passes through highly different square support columns in casing, and to spend with horizontal plane angle 20, central axes is fixed in the mode of vertical plane; In snowfall, the dust cap of top is when open, and snow core can drop on the glass plate of triangular prism shape glass guide channel, and after thawing along the angle of the inclination of triangular prism shape glass guide channel downstream in water inlet pipe and snow melt reservoir vessel;
Described snow melt memory structure is comprised of water inlet pipe, timing rotating disk, snow melt reservoir vessel and drainpipe; Regularly rotating disk is positioned at the center of left side small box, is provided with the operation of timing rotation predetermined angular, the panel of rotating disk top 12 circular grooves that can place snow melt reservoir vessel that distributing; Water inlet pipe inlet segment is fixed on the bottom water delivering orifice of triangular prism shape glass guide channel, and the other end is positioned at the top, center of snow melt reservoir vessel position, the rightmost side, and snow melt enters snow melt reservoir vessel from triangular prism shape glass guide channel by water inlet pipe; Snow melt reservoir vessel is polyethylene bottle, along with the snow melt storing with the period is collected in the rotation of timing rotating disk; Drainpipe is arranged at regularly rotating disk below panel and stretches out outside thermal-insulating body, in the situation that surpassing storage early warning value, unnecessary snow melt is discharged;
Described heating arrangement is positioned at corner, thermal-insulating body right side and receives structure with snowfall and separates, for heating the air of whole thermal-insulating body, make to remain on a stable room temperature state in thermal-insulating body, the normal melting process of snowfall simulation, makes snowfall melt in time and to collect; This heating arrangement is rectangular-shaped, and tubular metal electric heating element be take as main body in inside, has stainless steel outer cover;
Described solar power supply unit comprises solar panels, controller for solar and accumulator; Under the system of controller for solar is controlled, the electric energy that the emittance by solar panels conversion solar is obtained, is sent in accumulator and stores, and discharges in needs; By daytime solar energy collecting being converted into electric energy, lay in, come for snowfall gatherer process equipment electric weight use afterwards; These solar panels are rectangular-shaped, and physical dimension is 980*795*35mm, and power is 100wp; This controller for solar is 12V10A photovoltaic controller, is rectangular parallelepiped; The specification of this accumulator is 12V/60AH.
2. a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quantity of this square support column is 6.
3. a kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without external power supply according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the physical dimension of this glass plate is 40*60cm*4mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310689072.7A CN103674623B (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | A kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without the need to external power supply |
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| CN201310689072.7A CN103674623B (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | A kind of wheeled sample collecting apparatus of snowfall at regular time and quantity without the need to external power supply |
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| CN103674623A true CN103674623A (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN110160839A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-08-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of rainfall runoff automatic collecting device and its installation method |
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| US6401530B1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2002-06-11 | Claber S.P.A. | Rain sensor |
| CN101762409A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-06-30 | 北京师范大学 | Automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler |
| CN202710360U (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2013-01-30 | 华东师范大学 | Large-area detachable rainwater collecting device |
| KR101403387B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-03 | 주식회사 카이넬 | Auto Measuring Apparatus for Rain |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05273095A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-10-22 | Giichi Terasawa | Method for opening cover of rain collection vessel |
| US6401530B1 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2002-06-11 | Claber S.P.A. | Rain sensor |
| CN101762409A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-06-30 | 北京师范大学 | Automatic urban rainfall runoff sampler |
| CN202710360U (en) * | 2012-07-24 | 2013-01-30 | 华东师范大学 | Large-area detachable rainwater collecting device |
| KR101403387B1 (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-03 | 주식회사 카이넬 | Auto Measuring Apparatus for Rain |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN106033046B (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-05-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring |
| CN110160839A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-08-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | A kind of rainfall runoff automatic collecting device and its installation method |
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| CN103674623B (en) | 2015-09-16 |
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Inventor after: Shi Yandan Inventor after: Wang Xuelei Inventor after: Ou Yangwei Inventor after: Liu Bing Inventor after: Guo Bobo Inventor before: Ou Yangwei Inventor before: Shi Yandan Inventor before: Liu Bing Inventor before: Guo Bobo |
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