CN103670068A - 基于接近开关的门闩锁释放总成 - Google Patents
基于接近开关的门闩锁释放总成 Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
- E05B81/54—Electrical circuits
- E05B81/64—Monitoring or sensing, e.g. by using switches or sensors
- E05B81/76—Detection of handle operation; Detection of a user approaching a handle; Electrical switching actions performed by door handles
- E05B81/77—Detection of handle operation; Detection of a user approaching a handle; Electrical switching actions performed by door handles comprising sensors detecting the presence of the hand of a user
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B81/00—Power-actuated vehicle locks
- E05B81/54—Electrical circuits
- E05B81/64—Monitoring or sensing, e.g. by using switches or sensors
- E05B81/76—Detection of handle operation; Detection of a user approaching a handle; Electrical switching actions performed by door handles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B85/00—Details of vehicle locks not provided for in groups E05B77/00 - E05B83/00
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- E05C19/00—Other devices specially designed for securing wings, e.g. with suction cups
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- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
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- G07C9/00714—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by passive electrical keys with passive electrical components, e.g. resistor, capacitor, inductor
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Abstract
车辆门闩锁总成包括位于门把手的第一侧面的第一接近传感器和门把手的第二侧面的第二接近传感器。该总成还包括用于将门锁止以使其关闭和将门解锁以容许门打开的闩锁。该总成进一步包括基于第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器都感测到的物体、例如操作者的手来激活闩锁以解锁门的控制电路。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及门闩锁释放总成,具体涉及基于接近传感器的闩锁总成,其释放车门闩锁以容许门打开。
背景技术
机动车辆包括各种允许进入车辆的门总成,例如允许进入乘客舱的乘客门。车门典型包括把门锁止在关闭位置的机械闩锁总成,使用者可操作该机械闩锁总成来解锁门以允许门打开。例如,乘客可以通过拉动枢转释放机构来启动枢转释放机构以解锁车门。通过通常由使用者的其它的输入启动的门锁定机构,可以进一步锁定闩锁。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面提供了门闩锁总成。门闩锁总成包括位于门把手的第一侧面的第一接近传感器和位于门把手的第二侧面的第二接近传感器。门闩锁总成还包括用来锁止门以使其关闭和解锁门以容许门打开的闩锁。门闩锁总成进一步包括基于第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器都感测到的物体来启动闩锁以解锁门的控制电路。
根据本发明的另一方面提供了车辆门闩锁总成。车辆门闩锁总成包括位于车门把手的第一侧面的第一接近传感器和位于车辆门把手的第二侧面的第二接近传感器。车辆门闩锁总成还包括用来锁止门以使其关闭和解锁门以使其打开的闩锁。车辆门闩锁总成进一步包括基于第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器都感测到的物体来启动闩锁以解锁门的控制电路。
本领域的技术人员通过研究下面的说明书、权利要求书和附图将会理解和领会本发明的这些方面和其它方面、目的和特点。
附图说明
在图中:
图1是根据一实施方式的具有使用接近传感器启动的门闩锁总成的车门的机动车辆的乘客舱的透视图;
图2是显示了门把手的握持部上的门闩锁总成的门把手的放大侧视图;
图3是进一步显示了操作者的手握住握持部以解锁门的把手握持部的局部放大视图;
图4是沿门把手的放大横截面图,其进一步显示了接近传感器的阵列和相应的启动场;
图5是图1至图4所示的每个接近电容传感器中使用的电容传感器的示意图;
图6是显示了根据一实施方式的门闩锁总成的框图;以及
图7是显示了用于启动根据一实施方式的车辆门闩锁总成的程序的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据需要,这里公开了本发明的详细实施方式;然而,应当理解的是,公开的实施方式仅仅是本发明的示例,其可以实施为不同的和替代的形式。附图不一定是详细的设计;一些图表可以被放大或缩小来显示其功能概况。因此,这里公开的具体结构和功能细节不能被理解为限定,而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员多方面地使用本发明的代表性基础。
参照图1和图2,总体说明了具有乘客舱和车门12的机动车辆10的内部,车门12可以如图1所示处于关闭位置或绕铰接总成(未示出)枢转至打开的位置以允许进入乘客舱。门12具有把手14,其具有容许操作者的手握住把手14以用力将门12在打开位置和关闭位置之间摆动的握持部。门12还包括闩锁总成20,其用于把门12锁止在关闭位置以保持门关闭和用于解锁门以容许门打开至打开位置。闩锁总成20包括例如电磁驱动闩锁50这样的可驱动闩锁,其响应于控制信号在锁止位置和解锁位置之间改变闩锁位置。虽然显示车辆10具有前驾驶侧门12,应当理解的是车辆可以装备有多个门,每个门都使用这里描述的闩锁总成20。
闩锁总成20使用多个位于把手14的握持部的接近传感器24,以允许操作者将闩锁50驱动至解锁位置来释放门并使门打开。门把手的第一侧面和第二侧面至少包括用于感测物体、例如握住把手的操作者的手的第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器。基于第一和第二接近传感器24都感测到的物体,控制电路通过控制信号激活闩锁以解锁门12。同样地,第一和第二接近传感器24一起作为接近开关操作,以便当第一和第二接近传感器都检测到握住把手的成人的手时,切换闩锁50至解锁位置。此外,可以使用接近传感器24以允许操作者如本发明所述地锁定或解锁闩锁总成20。
车辆10进一步包括一个或多个警告灯16,例如如图1中的A-柱所示的位于驾驶员座前方的灯16。警告灯16可以作为接近传感器的感测条件的视觉提示,例如提示物体与第一或第二传感器其中之一的意外接触。此外,车辆中可以提供一个或多个音响扬声器18以提供鸣响输出警告,从而提供语音提示来警告乘客如这里所描述的物体与其中之一的传感器的意外接触,并且当车辆未停靠或在运动中时向驾驶员或乘客警告闩锁的预期激活。
参照图2至图4,进一步说明了使用闩锁总成20的把手14具有多个接近传感器24,该多个接近传感器24也被标记并称作第一接近传感器A1-A6和第二接近传感器B1-B3,其安置在把手14的握持部的第一侧面14A和第二侧面14B。在一实施方式中,接近传感器A1-A6的第一线性阵列被安置在把手14的第一侧面,接近传感器B1-B3的第二线性阵列被安置在把手14的相对的第二侧面。接近传感器A1-A6的第一阵列在一侧面14A上竖直延伸,接近传感器B1-B3的第二阵列在相对的侧面14B上竖直延伸。接近传感器A1-A6的第一阵列和接近传感器B1-B3的第二阵列的大小相同,并被放置成使其可以如图3所示地被操作者的手60抓住。当操作者的手60抓住和握住把手14,手60的拇指和手掌接触或极为靠近接近传感器A1-A6的第一阵列中的一个或多个,手指环绕把手14以便手指的靠近指尖的一端接触或靠近于接近传感器B1-B3的第二阵列。从而接近传感器A1-A6和B1-B3检测到操作者的手在把手14的第一侧面14A和第二侧面14B同时出现,这表示操作者握住把手14以便启动闩锁打开激活指令来解锁闩锁,因此释放门以便门打开。
在显示的实施方式中,接近传感器A1-A6的第一阵列包括六个传感器,接近传感器B1-B3的第二阵列包括三个传感器;然而,应当理解的是接近传感器的第一阵列和第二阵列中的每个可以使用一个或多个传感器。另外,应当理解的是,根据一实施方式,第一接近传感器A1-A6的第一阵列和第二接近传感器B1-B3的第二阵列位于把手14的相对侧面14A和14B上。然而,根据其他实施方式,接近传感器的第一阵列和第二阵列可以位于把手的不同侧面,其中第一侧面相对于第二侧面处于大于90°的角度。进一步应当理解的是,除了这里显示的大体竖直方向,把手14和接近传感器24可以定向为其它方向。应当理解的是,除了将接近传感器A1-A6的第一阵列置于门把手的前侧面,将接近传感器B1-B3的第二阵列置于门把手的后侧面可以以最小的额外成本实现,因为接近传感器的两个阵列可以电耦接到共享控制电路并通过其一起进行处理。
根据一实施方式,接近传感器24在这里显示和描述为电容传感器。每个接近传感器24包括至少一个提供感测激活场来感测物体、例如操作者的手(例如手掌或手指)相对于一个或多个接近传感器的接触或极为接近(例如在1毫米之内)的接近传感器。因此,电容传感器的第一阵列和第二阵列起到电容开关的作用。接近传感器24还可以检测操作者的手的滑动运动,例如拇指或其它手指的滑动。因此,在示例性实施方式中每个接近传感器24的感测激活场是电容场,包括手掌、拇指和其他手指的使用者的手具有可以引起感测激活场的变化或扰动的导电性和介电性能,这对于本领域技术人员应当是显而易见的。然而,本领域技术人员还应当理解的是,可以使用附加的或可选类型的接近传感器,例如但不限于电感传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器以及电阻传感器等,或它们的结合。示例性的接近传感器参见2009年4月9日的触摸传感器设计指南(Touch Sensors Design Guide),10620D-AT42-04/09,这里通过援引的方式将其全部纳入本文。
参照图4,其显示了门把手14具有形成于门把手14的内基板30的外表面上的电容传感器A1-A6和B1-B3。可选地,传感器可以形成于覆盖在内基板30上的外覆盖层32的内表面。根据一实施方式,可以通过将导电油墨印刷到为把手14提供支承的内基板30的外表面上形成每个接近传感器24,以便使用者能够握住把手14并推动把手14以打开门12或拉动把手14以关闭门12。门把手14应当足够坚硬和牢固以使得使用者很容易在打开和关闭位置之间摆动门14。
图5显示了印刷油墨的接近传感器24的一个实例,其具有驱动电极26和接收电极28,驱动电极26和接收电极28每个具有交叉的指状电极(finger)用于产生电容场。应当理解的是,根据其它实施方式,可以例如通过将预先成型的导电电路走线安装到基板上来另外地形成每个接近传感器24。驱动电极26接收以电压VI施加的方波驱动脉冲。接收电极28具有用于产生输出电压VO的输出。应当理解的是,电极26和28可以安置为各种其他结构,以用于产生作为激活场的电容场。
在这里显示和描述的实施方式中,向每个接近传感器24的驱动电极26施加方波脉冲的电压输入VI,该方波脉冲具有足以将接收电极28充电至所需电压的电荷脉冲周期(charge pulse cycle)。因此接收电极28起到测量电极的作用。在示出的实施方式中,由邻近接近传感器24产生的邻近感测激活场70A或70B重叠,然而,根据其它实施方式可以存在更多或更少的重叠。当使用者或操作者、例如使用者的手或拇指或其它手指进入激活场,闩锁总成20检测由手或手指产生的对激活场的扰动并测定在激活场70A和70B二者中的扰动是否足以激活门解锁指令。通过处理与相应的信号通道相关的电荷脉冲信号来检测每个激活场的扰动。当使用者的手或手指进入由第一传感器阵列A1-A6的和第二传感器阵列B1-B3产生的激活场70A或70B时,闩锁总成20通过独立的信号通道检测每个接触的激活场的扰动。每个接近传感器24可以有其自己的产生可以被处理的电荷脉冲计数的专用信号通道。
显示第一电容传感器A1-A6和第二电容传感器B1-B3中的每个产生感测激活场70A或70B。每个阵列中的每个单独的传感器产生的感测激活场70A和70B显示为稍微重叠,然而,应当理解的是,根据各个场的敏感性,激活场可以更小或更大,并且可以重叠得更多或更少。通过使用把手14的一个侧面或两个侧面的多个激活场,握住把手14的手的大小和形状可以基于大于预定大小的物体的大小来确定。手的大小和形状可以基于接触的传感器的数量和/或激活场的振幅来确定。这使得闩锁总成20能够确定是成人还是儿童握住把手14,以便当确定表示儿童的小手握住把手时可以阻止闩锁激活,仅当确定表示成人的大手握住把手时允许激活闩锁。
另外,通过在一个或多个线性阵列中使用多个电容传感器可以测定手的手势或滑动运动,例如拇指或其它手指中的一个或多个的滑动或做手势动作。操作者可以向下移动其中一个手指、例如拇指,这可以在拇指顺序经过传感器激活场70A-70F中的每个时通过多个电容传感器A1-A6的顺续检测而被感测到,从而启动门锁定指令以将闩锁锁定在阻止门打开的关闭或锁止位置。反之,手指、例如拇指可以向上移动,并由电容传感器70A-70F顺序地对其检测,这指示解锁闩锁的指令以允许闩锁总成移向解锁位置从而容许门打开。类似地,总体上可以使用其他手指或手的运动,以向上或向下运动,并将其检测为启动闩锁总成20的锁定或解锁指令的滑动或手势。
参照图6,根据一实施方式说明了接近传感器激活闩锁总成20。显示了传感器阵列A1-A6和B1-B3中的多个接近传感器24向控制器40、例如微控制器提供输入。控制器40可以包括控制电路,例如微处理器42和存储器48。控制电路可以包括感测控制电路,感测控制电路处理与每个接近传感器24相关的激活场信号,以便根据一个或多个控制程序通过将激活场信号和一个或多个阈值进行比较来感测每个传感器的使用者激活。应当理解的是,可以使用其它模拟的和/或数字控制电路处理每个激活场信号、测定使用者激活、和启动动作。根据一实施方式,控制器40可以使用通过获得的QMatrix采集法。ATMEL采集法使用主机C/C++编译程序和调试程序WinAVR来简化效用鹰眼(utility Hawkeye)的开发和测试,效用鹰眼允许实时监控软件的临界变量的内部状态以及收集用于后处理的日志数据。
控制器40将输出信号提供给一个或多个装置,该装置配置为响应于检测到的门把手上的接近传感器的激活而执行专门的动作。一个或多个装置可以包括电磁门闩锁50,可驱动该电磁门闩锁50以将闩锁移向第一位置或锁止位置来保持门关闭或将闩锁移向第二位置或解锁位置以使门打开。电磁门闩锁50可以包括传统的电磁启动闩锁,其基于来自控制器40的控制信号在第一位置和第二位置之间移动闩锁50。应当理解的是,可以使用其它可驱动的闩锁以将闩锁50在第一位置和第二位置之间移动,例如气动闩锁总成、电动机或其它电力激活机构。
控制器40还向门锁52输出控制信号以使门锁在锁定和解锁位置之间活动。电磁闩锁50可以和门锁52可操作地耦接。当门锁52处于锁定状态,阻止电磁门闩锁50移向解锁位置。当门锁52处于解锁位置,电磁门闩锁50仅可解锁至解锁位置。
控制器40进一步向一个或多个警告灯16提供输出信号。警告灯可以包括一个或多个位于对乘客、例如车辆的驾驶员可见位置的LEDs或其它光源。警告灯可以如图1所示地位于A-柱上,或位于其它合适的位置。另外,控制器40向一个或多个音响扬声器提供输出信号以提供指示警告的音频鸣响声。当检测到物体处于与接近传感器极为接近时,例如与一个传感器或传感器阵列的无意接触时,一个或多个警告灯16和扬声器18可以用作对车辆乘客的警告指示器。当车辆未停靠和可能正在移动的同时检测到潜在的门解锁指令,一个或多个警告灯16和扬声器18也可以用作警告指示器。在解锁闩锁之前,警告可以跟随以例如3秒的时间延迟,从而给操作者时间考虑计划的指令。
进一步显示了控制器40具有与微处理器42耦接的模拟到数字(A/D)比较器44。A/D比较器44接收来自每个接近传感器24的电压输出VO,将模拟信号转化为数字信号,并将数字信号提供给微处理器42。另外,控制器40包括与微处理器42耦接的脉冲计数器46。脉冲计数器46对应用到每个接近传感器的每个驱动电极的电荷信号脉冲计数,执行对电容器充电直到电压输出VO达到预定电压所需的脉冲计数,以及将计数提供给微处理器42。计数脉冲表明了相应的电容传感器中的电容量的改变。进一步显示了控制器40与脉宽调制驱动缓冲器15通信。控制器40向脉宽调制驱动缓冲器15提供脉宽调制信号来产生应用到每个接近传感器24的每个驱动电极的方波脉冲序列VI。控制器40处理一个或多个控制程序,该控制程序在一实施方式中显示为包括存储于存储器中的门闩锁控制程序100,以监控和决定关于其中一个接近开关的激活。
门闩锁控制程序100处理各种接近传感器24,并执行感测使用者对每个接近传感器输入的指令和激活闩锁总成的控制的方法。方法100从步骤102开始,进行到判定步骤104,以使用第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器确定在把手的两侧上是否检测到有效的手握持。当在把手的握持部的两侧面上检测到大小足以大于预定大小的物体时,可以检测为有效的手握持。如果在把手上通过传感器检测到有效的手握持,方法100进行到判定步骤106,以确定手的拇指或其他手指是否向上或向下移动。如果确定手的拇指或其他手指正在向上移动,方法100进行到步骤108以向上驱动门锁,这表明门解锁指令,其解锁门锁以允许闩锁总成将闩锁激活至门打开位置。如果确定拇指或其他手指正在向下移动,方法100进行到步骤110以向下驱动门锁,这表明阻止闩锁打开的门锁定指令。如果拇指或其他手指都没有向上或向下移动,方法100进入到步骤112来确定车辆是否处于停靠状态,这表明车辆可能正在移动。通过车辆变速器或车辆速度可以确定停靠状态。如果车辆停靠,方法100进行到步骤124以驱动释放门闩锁从而使容许门打开。如果车辆未停靠,方法100在步骤118中启动声音危险鸣响来告知使用者车辆可能仍然在移动,此时检测到潜在的门闩锁释放指令。然后在步骤124中允许门闩锁释放之前,方法100等待例如3秒的延迟时间。因此,如果闩锁总成的门驱动不再是有意的指令,时间延迟为操作者提供了足够的时间松开对把手的握持。同样地,在驱动门闩锁释放至解锁位置之前,方法100在步骤122中首先将会确定在两侧面是否检测到有效的手握持。
如果在步骤104中未检测到在把手两个侧面上的有效的手握持,方法100进行到判定步骤116,以确定是否有物体接触到衬垫的两个侧面,如果是,在步骤114中启动警告鸣响和/或警告灯。因此,如果物体无意中极为接近一个或多个电容传感器,向操作者提供警告灯或声音指示器以便操作者可以将物体从电容传感器移开,并不会无意中释放闩锁并打开门。
因此,基于使用门把手的第一侧面和第二侧面上的第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器感测到物体,门闩锁总成方法有利地容许闩锁的激活以解锁门。该系统和方法有利地容许使用者有效地打开车门而不必驱动机械输入杆,从而提供了具有较少活动件的坚固的门释放闩锁,其有成本效益且易操作。
应当理解的是,在不脱离本发明构思的条件下对上述结构可以做出变化和修改,进一步应当理解的是,这种构思旨在由下述权利要求所覆盖,除非这些权利要求用他们的语言另有明确说明。
Claims (9)
1.一种门闩锁总成,其特征在于,包含:
位于门把手的第一侧面的第一接近传感器;
位于门把手的第二侧面的第二接近传感器;
闩锁,该闩锁用来将门锁止以使其关闭和将门解锁以容许门打开;以及
控制电路,其基于第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器都感测到的物体来激活闩锁以解锁门。
2.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,控制电路同时使用第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器二者检测物体,并产生输出信号来激活闩锁至解锁位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,第一侧面与第二侧面实质相对。
4.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,第一侧面相对于第二侧面处于大于90°的角度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,闩锁包含电磁闩锁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,控制电路进一步检测在第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器的其中之一上的一个方向上的物体移动,并确定指示了门锁定和门解锁指令其中之一的滑动运动,其中控制电路基于指令使得门闩锁锁定或解锁。
7.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,控制电路基于多个传感器场确定物体相对于第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器其中之一的大小,并仅当该大小超过预定大小时,向闩锁提供输出信号。
8.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于第一接近传感器和第二接近传感器包含电容传感器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的门闩锁总成,其特征在于,该总成在车辆上使用。
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CN108350709B (zh) * | 2015-06-16 | 2020-10-16 | 有信意大利公司 | 用于载具门的把手 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102013217670A1 (de) | 2014-03-13 |
US20150077227A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
US9447613B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
US8922340B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
CN103670068B (zh) | 2017-07-21 |
US20140069015A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
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