CN103628007A - New method for eliminating aluminium alloy workpiece residual stress - Google Patents
New method for eliminating aluminium alloy workpiece residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN103628007A CN103628007A CN201310636148.XA CN201310636148A CN103628007A CN 103628007 A CN103628007 A CN 103628007A CN 201310636148 A CN201310636148 A CN 201310636148A CN 103628007 A CN103628007 A CN 103628007A
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Abstract
The invention provides a new method for eliminating aluminium alloy workpiece residual stress, mainly aims at defects existing in a conventional residual stress eliminating method that the cost is high, the operation is complex, the requirement is high, the workpiece mechanical property is reduced, the workpiece surface is damaged, and the use is limited, and achieves double effects of eliminating residual stress and refining crystal grains through the organic combination of subzero treatment, the uphill quenching technology and conventional heat treatment. The new method has the specific operating steps of solution treatment, subzero treatment, uphill quenching and aging treatment, and has the characteristics that the technology method is simple, the environment is protected, the operation cost is low, the effect is superior to that of the conventional residual stress eliminating method, the residual stress is eliminated, meanwhile, the workpiece comprehensive mechanical property can be improved, and industrialized scale production can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal processing and sub-zero treatment and Field of Heat-treatment, a kind of novel method of eliminating Al alloy parts unrelieved stress is provided especially.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structured material in industry, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinofacture, boats and ships and chemical industry, widely applies.Meanwhile, aluminium alloy is used in engineering structure widely.Yet Al alloy parts often can produce nonaffine deformation and be subject to heat effect etc. in making processes, at inside workpiece, produce unrelieved stress unavoidably.The existence of unrelieved stress can bring a lot of adverse consequencess, makes workpiece when follow-up mechanical workout, occur the unusual phenomenoies such as distortion, warpage, distortion or wave, has a strong impact on its application.Meanwhile, unrelieved stress can also cause material stress corrosion cracking.Can shorten significantly the work-ing life of member, acceleration means fracture.The many unexpected malicious event occurring in engineering, its reason is except the structure and intensity of material itself, and majority is because unrelieved stress directly or indirectly causes, and unrelieved stress is just important on the impact of fatigue of materials intensity.Therefore, before being on active service, Al alloy parts should eliminate as far as possible or reduce its internal residual stress.
Industrial conventional method for removing residual stress mainly contains mechanical process, annealing method, mould cold press process etc.Aforesaid method all can be eliminated the unrelieved stress of workpiece to a certain extent, but also exists some defects simultaneously, as:
(1) mechanical process.The equipment using due to mechanical process is usually large-tonnage machine or machining tool, usually to workpiece surface roll, the operation such as hammering, may destroy the surface quality of workpiece very greatly, cause the additional injury to workpiece, this kind of method is only suitable for the part of simple shape, workpiece to complicated interface is inapplicable, and the homogeneity of structure of aluminium alloy before stretching is had relatively high expectations, and is used for starting material manufacturer.In this way to the elimination degree of unrelieved stress substantially between 60% ~ 80%, eradicating efficacy is very limited, often just stress relieving and redistribution adjustment as main purpose.Meanwhile the medium and heavy instrument of mechanical process process shifts and lays and need to consume a large amount of labor forces, has also increased tooling cost.
(2) annealing method.When taking stress relief annealing technique reduction unrelieved stress, must guarantee that member temperature-fall period is very slowly with even, this process operation requires high, otherwise, will at material internal, produce new unrelieved stress.General Heating temperature is higher, and soaking time is longer, and it is more obvious that unrelieved stress is eliminated.But meanwhile also make the mechanical property of material, as intensity, hardness etc. will change.And because heat effect causes the problem such as microstructure change, burning of material, obtain on the contrary the result of running counter to desire.Because aluminum alloy materials is very responsive to temperature, the raising of aging temp, inevitable intensity and other mechanical performance index of obviously reducing.
(3) mould cold press process.Mould cold press process is in a special finishing mold, by the cold shaping of limiting the quantity of of strict control, eliminates the unrelieved stress in complicated shape aluminum alloy die forgings.This kind of method is to adjust rather than eliminate the integrated stress level of part, when it makes on aluminum alloy die forgings that the unrelieved stress at some position obtains discharging, likely makes the unrelieved stress at other positions increase.On the one hand, in view of aluminum alloy die forgings itself has existed very large unrelieved stress, mold pressing deflection is crossed senior general may cause cold working hardening, crackle and fracture; Be out of shape the too small stress relieving poor effect that makes, therefore need accurately to control, operational requirement is high.On the other hand, the required Mold Making cost of mould cold press process is very high, and using the method to eliminate unrelieved stress is uneconomic selection.
In a word, the removing method of above-mentioned three kinds of industrial Aluminium Alloys in Common Use unrelieved stresss all exists the limitation of some shortcomings and application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiency of prior art, provide the simple environmental protection of a kind of processing method, running cost low, eliminating unrelieved stress and can improve the elimination Al alloy parts unrelieved stress novel method of workpiece comprehensive mechanical property simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The first step: solid solution
Al alloy parts is incubated at 410 ℃ ~ 590 ℃ to soaking time: after 0.5 hour ~ 4 hours, water-cooled is to room temperature, solution treatment;
Second step: deep cooling
Previous step gained test specimen is put into cryogenic treatment apparatus, with the speed of (3 ℃ ~ 12 ℃)/min, be cooled to-85 ℃ ~-225 ℃ after insulation, soaking time: 2 hours ~ 30 hours, carry out sub-zero treatment;
The 3rd step: uphill quenching
After boiling water or other thermal mediums are put in taking-up rapidly from cryogenic treatment apparatus by second step gained test specimen, be incubated, be no more than 70s transfer time, holding temperature: 80 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, soaking time: 1 minute ~ 30 minutes, carry out uphill quenching;
The 4th step: timeliness
The Al alloy parts that the 3rd step is processed put into heating and heat-insulating device and be heated to 90 ℃ ~ 200 ℃ with the speed of (3 ~ 12 ℃)/min after insulation, soaking time: after 4 hours ~ 30 hours, powered-down, is cooled to room temperature with device, carries out ageing treatment.
Repeat above-mentioned second and third, take out test specimen after 1 of FOUR EASY STEPS or several circulation.
Positively effect of the present invention has: 1. grain refining effect.Solid solution+deep cooling combined process has retained the super saturated solid solution body tissue after solution treatment substantially, in addition in sub-zero treatment process, dislocation is bred under internal compressive stress effect, dislocation interacts and causes throw out disperse educt with solute atoms again simultaneously, the throw out of these propagation dislocations and disperse educt has seriously hindered the trend of grain growth in ageing treatment subsequently, play the effect of crystal grain thinning, improved the obdurability of material.2. unrelieved stress is eliminated.After sub-zero treatment, coordinate uphill quenching technique, inside workpiece is expanded by heating and produce microplasticity distortion rapidly, the inside tensile stress generating has been offset due to the original inner residual compressive stress of cooling generation rapidly after Al alloy parts high temperature process, this combination plays to the original internal residual stress of workpiece the active effect that reduces and eliminate, through repeatedly cyclical operation, inside workpiece unrelieved stress can be eliminated substantially.
Prepared Al alloy parts unrelieved stress eradicating efficacy excellence and structure refinement after the inventive method (that is: solid solution-deep cooling-uphill quenching-timeliness combination) is processed, the comprehensive mechanical properties such as intensity plasticity are all improved: hardness can promote 8% ~ 17%, tensile strength can promote 9% ~ 16%, yield strength can promote 11% ~ 20%, unit elongation can promote 7% ~ 14%, unrelieved stress basically eliminate 84% ~ 95%.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1. environmental protection.Adopting liquid nitrogen is deep cooling source, does not corrode workpiece, and stable chemical performance, nontoxic, pollution-free, to environment zero harm; 2. low-cost.Liquid nitrogen is the byproduct of oxygen industry, and source is wide, cheap, easily transport and the feature such as storage, and the method treating processes does not need surplus labour force; 3. technique is simple.The inventive method technique is simple, and easy handling is suitable for industrialized popularization and use; 4. strengthening effect is desirable.Adopt the workpiece after the method for the invention is processed, when guaranteeing products surface quality, can reach the object of almost completely eliminating unrelieved stress, can also crystal grain thinning, the indexs such as the intensity of raising workpiece and plasticity, be conducive to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of workpiece, achieve many things at one stroke, taken into account simultaneously and obtained better mechanical property and the object that reduces unrelieved stress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 be the embodiment of the present invention 1 overall craft schema.
Accompanying drawing 2 is test specimen unrelieved stress comparison diagram before and after the inventive method is processed of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the as cast condition metallographic energy spectrogram of the test specimen of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the test specimen of the embodiment of the present invention 1 metallographic structure figure all after the inventive method is processed.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the test specimen of the embodiment of the present invention 1 stretching fracture organization chart after the inventive method is processed.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail:
Embodiment 1
By the 6082-T6 aluminum alloy plate materials of 120 mm * 4, mm * 120 mm, through 540 ℃ of solid solution 1h, water-cooled, to room temperature, is put into time variable control deep cooling box (being no more than 5s transfer time), with the speed of 6 ℃/min, from room temperature is cooled to-190 ℃, is incubated 4h; Then take out sample and put into rapidly 100 ℃ of boiling water and be incubated 20min, be no more than 5s transfer time; From boiling water, taking out test specimen puts into after retort furnace is heated to 175 ℃ with the speed of 8 ℃/min and is incubated 7h, powered-down; After being cooled to room temperature, furnace temperature and test specimen take out 6082 sheet materials that test specimen repeats to obtain after three steps operation after solution treatment 2 times the present invention.Test specimen average hardness after the method is processed is increased to 135HV(test force 0.98N by initial 120HV, keeps 15s); Average tensile strength is brought up to 419MPa by initial 363MPa; Elongation after fracture brings up to 13.93% by 10.74%; Known referring to accompanying drawing 2: after the inventive method is processed, sheet material is reduced to 5 ~ 15MPa apart from the unrelieved stress of center each point by 70 initial ~ 120MPa, and elimination degree is up to 88% ~ 93%; Known referring to accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4: after the inventive method is processed, the crystal grain of test specimen obtains obvious refinement; Known referring to accompanying drawing 5: the test specimen after the inventive method is processed is thought obvious plastic fracture.
Embodiment 2
Use the aluminium alloy extruded T-shape material of 6061-T6 through 530 ℃ of solid solution 100min the automotive body structure part of 100 mm * 100 mm * 2mm, water-cooled is to room temperature, put into time variable control deep cooling box (being no more than 5s transfer time), with the speed of 7 ℃/min, from room temperature is cooled to-175 ℃, be incubated 12h; Then take out sample and put into rapidly 250 ℃ of salt bath furnace insulation 15min, be no more than 5s transfer time; From salt bath furnace, taking out test specimen puts into after electrically heated drying cabinet is heated to 170 ℃ with the speed of 5 ℃/min and is incubated 8h, powered-down; After being cooled to room temperature, furnace temperature and test specimen take out the 6061 T-shaped materials that test specimen repeats to obtain after three steps operation after solution treatment 2 times the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a novel method of eliminating Al alloy parts unrelieved stress, is characterized in that: in conjunction with sub-zero treatment and heat treatment technics, realize simultaneously.
2. according to novel method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise following processing step:
(1) by Al alloy parts at 410 ℃ ~ 590 ℃, soaking time: after 0.5 hour ~ 4 hours, water-cooled is to room temperature, solution treatment;
(2) previous step gained test specimen is put into cryogenic treatment apparatus, with the speed of (3 ℃ ~ 12 ℃)/min, be cooled to-85 ℃ ~-225 ℃ after insulation, soaking time: 2 hours ~ 30 hours, carry out sub-zero treatment;
(3) after boiling water or other thermal mediums are put in taking-up rapidly from cryogenic treatment apparatus by second step gained test specimen, be incubated holding temperature: 80 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, soaking time: 1 minute ~ 30 minutes, carry out uphill quenching;
(4) Al alloy parts of the 3rd step being processed put into heating and heat-insulating device and be heated to 90 ℃ ~ 200 ℃ with the speed of (3 ~ 12 ℃)/min after insulation, soaking time: after 4 hours ~ 30 hours, powered-down, is cooled to room temperature with device, carries out ageing treatment.
3.(5) repeat to take out test specimen after above-mentioned (2), (3), 1 of (4) step operation or several circulation.
4. according to novel method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: sub-zero treatment medium used can be alcohol, dry ice and liquid nitrogen.
5. according to novel method claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: uphill quenching thermal medium used can be boiling water, salt bath, oil bath and high temperature organic medium.
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| CN104032244A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-09-10 | 南京南车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 | Treatment method for improving bending property of T5-state 6N01 aluminum alloy |
| CN104372270A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-25 | 陈帆 | Processing method of 2A12 aluminum alloy plate |
| CN105671464A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江吉利罗佑发动机有限公司 | Heat treatment technique for aluminum sleeve of balance shaft |
| CN106591632A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-04-26 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Thermal treatment process for improving comprehensive performance of aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN106756674A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-05-31 | 哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司 | A kind of method for improving ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy electrical conductivity |
| CN106917057A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-07-04 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of processing method of the residual stress for eliminating light alloy material |
| CN107243696A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-13 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy liquid nitrogen bath laser heat treatment strengthening process |
| CN108149172A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-12 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of processing method of fine grain cubic texture corrosion fatigue resistant aluminum alloy plate materials |
| CN108203795A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-26 | 镇江创智特种合金科技发展有限公司 | A kind of rolling state aluminium alloy cryogenic treating process |
| CN108531836A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-14 | 湖南人文科技学院 | A kind of heat treatment technics preparing the low residual stress aluminium alloy of high-performance |
| CN108866458A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-23 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of processing method of aluminium alloy |
| CN109023177A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-18 | 浙江旺盛动力机电有限公司 | A kind of Al-alloy parts and preparation method thereof |
| CN109055794A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-21 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of T7X heat treatment method of high strength alumin ium alloy rivet |
| CN109112449A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-01 | 湖南大学 | A method of eliminating aluminum alloy die forgings residual stress |
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| CN104032244B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2016-03-30 | 南京南车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 | A kind for the treatment of process improving T5 state 6N01 aluminium alloy bending property |
| CN104032244A (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2014-09-10 | 南京南车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 | Treatment method for improving bending property of T5-state 6N01 aluminum alloy |
| CN104372270A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-02-25 | 陈帆 | Processing method of 2A12 aluminum alloy plate |
| CN105671464A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江吉利罗佑发动机有限公司 | Heat treatment technique for aluminum sleeve of balance shaft |
| CN105671464B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-08-22 | 宝鸡吉利发动机零部件有限公司 | A kind of balance shaft aluminium set Technology for Heating Processing |
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| CN107243696A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-10-13 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy liquid nitrogen bath laser heat treatment strengthening process |
| CN108149172A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-12 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of processing method of fine grain cubic texture corrosion fatigue resistant aluminum alloy plate materials |
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| CN113084063A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-09 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same |
| CN113084063B (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2022-11-29 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Die forging method and application of ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy die forging capable of reducing cracking and die forging manufactured by same |
| CN111733370A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-10-02 | 苏州镭翼精工科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy super-deep cooling stress removing method |
| CN112795856A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-14 | 国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心 | Heat treatment method for cast aluminum alloy casting and cast aluminum alloy casting obtained by heat treatment method |
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