CN1036026C - 液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法 - Google Patents

液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法 Download PDF

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CN1036026C
CN1036026C CN94115283A CN94115283A CN1036026C CN 1036026 C CN1036026 C CN 1036026C CN 94115283 A CN94115283 A CN 94115283A CN 94115283 A CN94115283 A CN 94115283A CN 1036026 C CN1036026 C CN 1036026C
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CN1116722A (zh
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姜大升
朴愚祥
申铉浩
权纯凡
塔基亚娜·亚·玛露西
尤利·阿·里斯尼柯夫
阿纳托里亚·依·希佐耶克
奥列格·凡·耶鲁谢克
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/13378Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
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    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
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    • C09K2323/031Polarizer or dye

Abstract

液晶显示取向膜的形成方法,该方法包含如下步骤:(a)在两块相对的基片表面上形成聚乙烯-4-氟代肉桂酸酯膜,(b)用两束不同能量的线偏振UV光对形成的两个薄膜分别进行辐照。由本发明方法制得的LCD与具有平面结构取向膜的常规LCD相比,所需的驱动电压低,且不会发生相位畸变和光散射现象,结果使显示特性得取改善。

Description

液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法
本发明通常涉及液晶显示(以后称“LCD”)的取向膜的形成方法,更准确地说,本发明涉及能对取向膜提供预倾角并进行调节的LCD中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法。
在典型的电转换的LCD中,液晶材料被密封在两块备有透明导电电极的玻璃或塑料板之间。
为了更好地理解本发明的背景,下面将参考图1,对常规的LCD结构和制造这种结构的方法以及对预倾角在其中产生的问题一起进行讨论。对于常规的LCD,有这样一种结构,如图1所示,透明玻璃基片1和1a的内表面分别用透明的导电电极2和2a涂布,2和2a分别用取向膜3和3a覆盖,用密封材料(没标出)将它们彼此粘接,以形成一间隙,将液晶材料4注入该间隙中,玻璃基片1和1a的另一面备有偏振板5和5a。
在这样的LCD中,为了获得恒定亮度和高对比率,要求注在两玻璃片间的液晶以相同的方向排列。
已知有若干种以相同方向排列液晶的技术。例如,建议有这样一种方法,先将取向膜沉积在基片上,然后使取向膜经受摩擦机械处理,以形成沟槽,结果,在取向膜的整个表面上,液晶分子可规则地排列。在该项技术中,聚酰亚胺类或聚酰胺类聚合材料广泛用作取向膜材料。然而,使用机械摩擦的该项技术的缺点在于,产生的沟槽本身就有缺陷,它将引起无规的相位畸变和光散射现象,由此,对显示的操作特性产生副作用。此外,在聚合物表面摩擦期间产生的静电被认为将引起有源矩阵显示的缺陷。另外,对于表面局部选择区域的取向且每个区域具有不同的取向而言,该项技术实际上是不可能的。
为了克服上述的缺点,已建议了一种预聚物光敏材料,该材料通过光聚合以形成取向膜。该预聚物包括通过聚乙烯醇(以后称“PVA”)和4-甲氧基肉桂酸的反应而制得的聚乙烯-4-甲氧基肉桂酸(以后称“PVCN-M”)。根据这项技术,线偏振紫外(以后称“UV”)光的辐照使PVCN-M发生交联,结果产生了网状结构的取向膜。该光聚合的取向膜使得液晶分子能以平面结构的优选方向进行取向。然而,在由PVCN-M光聚合形成的取向膜中存在着一些问题。例如,由于PVCN-M的取向膜热稳定性差,因此,当室温高于约50℃时,在取向膜中将出现畸变。此外,该取向膜提供零度预倾角。由于零度预倾角,基于光敏材料的LCD的电光特性将不如基于摩擦聚合物的LCD的电光特性。例如,表现出更高的驱动电压和更差的对比率。
为了解决上述问题,本发明人认识到,有必要提出一种对LCD能提供大的预倾角的并高度耐热的取向膜的形成方法。
因此,本发明的一方面提供了一种在LCD中光聚合取向膜的形成方法,并且,该薄膜能高度耐热。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种在LCD中光聚合取向膜的形成方法,并且,如此形成的预倾角在LCD中具有从零度(freevalue)到一定的角度。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供了一种在LCD中光聚合取向膜的形成方法,由此,LCD的相位畸变和光散射现象得到大大地改善。
上述的目的通过提供包含下述步骤的方法而实现,这些步骤包括,在两块相对的基片表面上形成聚乙烯-4-氟代肉桂酸酯(以后称“PVCN-F”)薄膜,然后分别用两束不同能量的线偏振UV光辐照所形成的两层PVCN-F膜。
随着下面说明的继续,本发明的上述和其它的目的和优点将变得更加清楚。
为了实现上述的和相应的目的,本发明包含在随后说明书中充分描述的,特别是在权利要求书中指出的特征。下面的说明和附图详细地列出了本发明的某些说明性的实施主案。然而,这只是说明性的,但是其中的每一实施方案,均使用了本发明的原则。
在附图中:
图1是显示常规LCD结构的剖视简图。
图2是用于线偏振UV光的照射和双折射测量的实验装备的示意图。
图3是用于测量预倾角的实验装备的示意图。
图4是说明根据本发明在PVCN-F膜中诱导的双折射和照射时间之间关系的曲线图。
图5是说明基于本发明实施例结果的预倾角和照射时间之间关系的曲线图。
下面将详细地描述本发明的优选实施方案。
通过PVA和氟代肉桂酸衍生物的反应,制备用作光聚合取向膜材料的PVCN-F,其中氟是在肉桂酰分子的苯环上取代的。为了使PVCN-F沉积在玻璃基片上,必须将PVCN-F溶于溶剂中,在基片上形成透明电极和薄膜三极管。为此,将PVCN-F溶于1,2-二氯乙烷(下面称“DCE”)和氯苯(下面称“CB”)的混合物中。如果得到低分子量的PVCN-F溶液,DCE和CB的重量比是1∶1。与此同时,对于制备高分子量溶液而言,DCE和CB的重量比为1∶4。由于PVCN-F溶液的浓度取决于要被涂布的薄膜的厚度,因此,该浓度由薄膜的厚度确定。例如,要涂布的薄膜厚度约500nm,那么可以使用浓度为4g/l的PVCN-F溶液,其中是将4g PVCN-F溶于111∶4的DCE和CB的混合物中。
在DCE和CB混合物中的PVCN-F的溶液制备完后,用移液管将溶液滴加在玻璃片的中心部分,在其上形成透明电极和薄膜三极管。接着,使用旋转涂布仪在基片上形成取向膜。该旋转涂布过程是以3~5×103rpm的旋转速度进行20~30秒。在旋转涂布后,将得到的基片于约50℃预烘烤约30分钟。
根据本发明,线偏振UV光的照射将使沉积的聚合物发生交联,并由此提供后面所述的预倾角。通过用两束不同能量的UV光分别辐照沉积在LCD玻璃片上的两层薄膜,可调节在LCD中形成的预倾角。
用常规方法将两块相对的玻璃片彼此粘接,然后利用毛细管作用将液晶材料注入两玻璃片之间。
下面将参考图2对薄膜照射和双折射的测量进行详细说明。该图是说明对沉积预聚物材料进行线偏振UV光照射和进行双折射测量的实验装备的示意图。如图2所示,从平均功率约250~500W的水银灯11产生的UV光是通过透镜12和棱镜13进行线偏振的。得到的线偏振光进入分束镜14,该分束镜只允许一个方向的光通过,其余方向的光被反射,结果,通过的光对在玻璃片16上涂布的光敏预聚物材料(PVCN-F)15进行照射。由于照射的结果,起初是各向同性的聚合物变成各向异性聚合物。
通过包括分束镜14、偏振片17和17a、He-Ne激光器18、光二极管19和示波器20的测量系统,可测出诱导的双折射。由于各向异性表示为双折射,因此,通过对双折射的测量,可监测照射状态。
现在,让我们来看一下图3,该图是说明用于预倾角测量的实验装备的示意图。如图3所示,从He-Ne激光器21产生的光束投射于在偏振片23和23a间旋转的LCD盒24上,偏振片横截该光束。在装有步进电机6的工作台上调整液晶盒。记录通过膜片24的光束I的强度,作为沿垂直于盒的轴旋转的角和激光束的波长矢量的函数。当该光束进一步通过另一个膜片22a并进入光接收装置、光二极管25时,强度值显示在装在计算机上的监测器27中,计算机接收通过光二极管25的强度信息相关的信号。通过由下式表示的τ(φ)曲线的对称轴的位置,测定预倾角:θ≈φs/(nθ+n8),其中φs为相应于对称轴的角,nθ和n8分别为非寻常波和寻常波的LC折射率。
根据本发明,通过对光敏薄膜用线偏振UV光束进行辐照,在PVCN-F膜中获得预倾角,每束入射光具有不同的辐照能量。
现在来看一下图4,该图为说明根据本发明的光聚合物的双折射和照射时间之间关系的曲线图。根据该图可知,当线偏振UV光的强度恒定时,在40分钟内双折射几乎与照射时间成正比。
实施例1
将涂布在玻璃片上的第一PVCN-F膜置于如图1中的仪器中,并暴露在约25mV强度的线偏振UV光中10分钟。照射面积约1×1.5cm2。将涂布在另一玻璃片上的第二PVCN-F膜也暴露在同样的光束中20分钟(照射时间差Δtex=10分钟)。
用常规方法将这两块玻璃片彼此粘接并注入液晶材料,以制备LCD。如上所述,使用图2所示的光学仪器,测量制备的LCD的预倾角。
结果列于下表1中,并在图5中进行作图。
实施例2
除了对两个薄膜的照射时间分别为10分钟外(照射时间差Δtex=0分钟),用与实施例1相同的方式将两个PVCN-F膜曝光。将得到的两玻璃片彼此粘接,随后将液晶注在其间,以制备LCD。接着测量制得的LCD的预倾角。
结果列于下表1中,并在图5中进行作图。
实施例3
除了第一PVCN-F聚合物曝光10分钟,第二PVCN-F聚合物曝光30分钟(照射时间差Δtex=20分钟)外,按与实施例1相同的方式制备LCD。
测量制得的LCD的预倾角。
结果列于下表1中,并在图5中进行作图。
实施例4
除了第一和第二PVCN-F聚合物的照射时间分别为90和150分钟(照射时间差Δtex=60分钟)外,按与实施例1相同的方式制备LCD。
测量制得的LCD的预倾角。
结果列于下表1中,并在图5中作图。
实施例5
除了第一和第二PVCN-F聚合物的照射时间分别为10和90分钟(照射时间差Δtex=80分钟)外,按与实施例1相同的方式制备LCD。
测量制得的LCD的预倾角。
结果列于下表1中,并在图5中作图。
实施例6
除了第一和第二PVCN-F聚合物的照射时间分别为10和70分钟(照射时间差Δtex=60分钟)外,按与实施例1相同的方式制备LCD。
测量制得的LCD的预倾角。
结果列于下表1中,并在图5中作图。
                    表1实施例序号  预倾角(°)   照射时间(min)   时间差(min)
                   第一        第二1          10       10          20        102          0        10          10         03          13.5     10          30         204          0        90          150        605          18       10          90         80
参考图5,该图说明了预倾角和用光对第一和第二基片进行照射的时间差之间的关系。如该图所示,预倾角与照射时间差成正比,并且时间差在30分钟内,斜率较大,而当时间差大于30分钟时,斜率较小。
根据这些例子,可以认识到,在恒定光强度下,时间差越大,预倾角θ将变得越大。然而,这只是在90分钟的照射时间内有效。换句话说,当薄膜的曝光时间超过90分钟时,即使时间差很大也将得不到预倾角。
与此同时,值得注意的是,当在恒定照射时间下,线偏振入射UV光的强度彼此不同时,可得到如上所述的类似的或相同的结果。这是由于如本发明所提出的,预倾角取决于辐射能量,后者又与光强度和照射时间(强度×时间)成正比,当照射时间恒定时,上述临界强度入射光束的强度越强,将使预倾角变得越大。
如上所述,通过用两束彼此不同能量的线偏振UV光束分别照射两块基片,根据本发明的方法不仅能给制得的LCD提供预倾角,而且还能调节该预倾角。此外,与具有平面结构的取向膜的常规LCD相比,根据本发明方法制得的LCD要求很低的驱动电压。而且,在LCD中不会发生相位畸变和光散射现象,结果使如对比度等的显示特性能得到改善。
尽管本发明已参照某些实施方案和实施例进行了描述,但本领域技术熟练人员将知道;许多变更和改进都是可能的,并不违背如概述的本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (4)

1、一种用于LCD取向膜的形成方法,包含如下步骤:
在两块基片的每一表面上形成聚乙烯-4-氟代肉桂酸酯聚合物膜;
用两束线偏振紫外光分别辐照所说的薄膜,该两束光彼此具有不同的能量;
由此可在LCD中形成一预倾角Δ,其中,0°<Δ≤18°。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,所述的聚乙烯-4-氟代肉桂酸酯聚合物膜的形成步骤是:通过将所述的聚乙烯-4-氟代肉桂酸酯聚合物溶于由一定比例的1,2-二氯乙烷和氯苯组成的混合物中,并使用旋转涂布机进行。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述两束线偏振光以恒定的所述光束的强度分别辐照不同的时间。
4、根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述的两束线偏振光以不同的强度、恒定的照射时间进行辐照。
CN94115283A 1993-09-18 1994-09-16 液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1036026C (zh)

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GB2281977A (en) 1995-03-22
JP3452621B2 (ja) 2003-09-29
CN1116722A (zh) 1996-02-14
GB9418846D0 (en) 1994-11-09
DE4429916A1 (de) 1995-03-30
US5464669A (en) 1995-11-07
JPH07104302A (ja) 1995-04-21
DE4429916C2 (de) 1996-08-14
TW300960B (zh) 1997-03-21
KR950009327A (ko) 1995-04-21
GB2281977B (en) 1998-01-14
KR970000356B1 (ko) 1997-01-08

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