CN103499798B - A kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation and calibration steps - Google Patents
A kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation and calibration steps Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation and calibration steps, utilize DC high-voltage power supply and metal plate electrode, near the heart, local space obtains standard electrostatic field in the electrodes, its voltage can be traceable to DC voltage standard, adopts the test method increasing the weight of edge effect to check the edge effect of metal plate electrode.The glass plate support of bearing metal plate electrode and protective resistance reduce the danger that personnel are electrically shocked, and the adjustable measuring distance being calibrated table of vertical movement mechanism, adopts dismountable vernier caliper, be convenient to trace to the source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to calibrating installation and the calibration steps of a kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and static electric field table, belong to the instrument field of electromechanical integration.
Background technology
Measure at electrostatic defending and widely use electrostatic voltmeter in electrostatic research, having contact and contactless two types.Wherein Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter is conventional one.It is not when contacting with measured surface, utilizes electric field induction principle or other principle, measures voltage and the Electric Field Numerical on surface.This voltage is with infinite distance or greatly for reference potential.Measurement result is shown as electric field [volts/meter], be then called static electric field table (StaticFieldMeter); Measurement result is shown as voltage [volt], be then called Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, and such table also needs to measure to probe to the distance of measured surface or arrange, and the length of this distance is called measuring distance.
Accurately and reliably whether the measured value of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and static electric field table, need to trace to the source with calibrating installation.Electrostatic potential can be traceable in DC high voltage standard.General calibrating installation adopts the method for standard electrostatic electric field, namely forms equipotential plane with a metal plate, and connect DC high-voltage source and maintain stable potential, the electric field near metal plate center is similar to parallel electric field, can be used as standard electrostatic field.The instrument be calibrated is in standard electrostatic field, and the reading on setpoint distance compared with DC high-voltage source output voltage values, thus can reach the object of calibration.As shown in Figure 1, a is when not having measuring sonde, the electrostatic field distribution plan around metal plate, and the b in Fig. 1 is when having measuring sonde, the electrostatic field distribution plan around metal plate.The area size size of above-mentioned metal plate affects the whether even and parallel key factor in the center standard electrostatic field, and size hour, can increase edge effect, makes center electric field distortion, affects accuracy of measurement.About plane electrode size and edge effect have following in study: (1) Shijiazhuang Ordnance Engineering College professor Wei Guanghui have studied the problem that plane electrode board size affects, deliver " Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration steps; Beijing Institute of Technology's journal; in August, 2009, the 29th volume supplementary issue 2 phase " paper.This paper adopts the disc shaped plane battery lead plate research edge effect influence coefficient of one group of fixed measure, finally adopts the battery lead plate of Φ 600mm to obtain the calibration of 1% uncertainty of measurement.(2) " electromagnetics metering " volume two, Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence's science and technology is write with quality department tissue, Atomic Energy Press, and 2002.9, mention in book: " size of plane should be enough large, to reduce the uncertainty impact that boundary effect is introduced.Measuring distance is larger, and planar dimension is also larger, and to different measurands, the requirement of planar dimension is also different.Whether the size of Judge plane meets the demands, following experiment can be done: along the direction being parallel to electrode plane, move in parallel to edge and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, the distance of movement is 1/2nd times of the test electrode size being in the direction in which calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter; Under Correlation Centre position and eccentric position two states, be calibrated the reading of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter.If the change of reading is less than permissible error requirement, then planar dimension meets the demands." GJB " the GJB/J5972-2007 Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating standard drafted of the Liu Min of (3) Beijing Orient metrological testing technology research institute, army of Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence marks edition distribution department and publishes, army marks No. 6872nd, word " propose edge effect experimental technique; can the uncertainty impact of estimated edge effect; make the traceability of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter have objective basis, can correct computation and measurement uncertainty.See Fig. 2.
There is following problem in prior art: (1) document (1) adopts the metal plate electrode of fixed measure as standard electrostatic field generator, and the impact produced for edge effect can not qualitative assessment.(2) exposed metal plate electrode directly connects DC high-voltage source, has personnel to get an electric shock hidden danger, and especially when reading Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading, personnel must close to charged metal conductor, and danger is larger.(3) measuring distance is calibrated the parallel distance between instrument front end to metal plate, and measure more difficult, governor motion needs period regulation or calibrating, and overall censorship cost is higher, transport difficult.(4) the edge effect test of above-mentioned document (2) and (3) is identical method, needs accurate parallel moving mechanism.The method requires that the table be calibrated is parallel to plane electrode and moves, and move from center to edge, the design of parallel movement apparatus will be guaranteed parallel, and whether its moving process is parallel, proposes a difficult problem to device for mechanical structural design.
Summary of the invention
Technical solution problem of the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation and calibration steps are provided, do not need the mechanism moved in parallel, eliminate the error effect moving in parallel and bring, simplify Design of Mechanical Structure, and in the range observation of vertical movement, have employed dismountable vernier caliper, Length-traceable is simplified, reduces metage and use.Use glass plate rack bearing metal plate electrode, and the danger using protective resistance minimizing personnel to be electrically shocked.Obtained by camera and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading, make operating personnel dull and stereotyped away from the charged metal of danger.
Calibrating installation of the present invention can meet Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and static electric field table calibration requirements, uses, have very strong practicality in measurement and calibration mechanism.
The invention discloses a kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation and calibration steps thereof, near metal plate electrode centers, produce the parallel electrostatic field in local, the error of indication of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and the electric field table be calibrated is traceable in DC high voltage standard.By perpendicular to the motion of plane and vernier caliper, the measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter is traceable in length geometric sense standard.For the uncertainty of measurement that evaluation metal plate electrode edge effect is introduced, the present invention proposes the test method increasing edge effect.For convenience of tracing to the source of distance-measuring device, the present invention proposes the upright motion structure of Detachable vernier caliper.For making metal plate electrode keep flatness, and keep support and the earth insulating property, the present invention adopts the method for glass substrate album leave sheet metal.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation, by ± (0 ~ 10) kV DC high-voltage source (1), protective resistance (2), selector switch (3), high-voltage conducting wires (4), Center metal electrode plate (5), edge metal battery lead plate (6), glass substrate support (7), lapping plate (8), vernier caliper (9), vertical movement mechanism (10) and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and form, DC high-voltage power supply (1) exports the one end connecting protective resistance (2), protective resistance (2) other end connects the left side pin of selector switch (3) by high-voltage conducting wires (4), the right pin of selector switch (3) connects the ground wire of DC high-voltage source (1), the middle pin of selector switch (3) connects Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) by high-voltage conducting wires (4), Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) are pasted onto the same side of glass substrate support (7), lapping plate (8) is fixed together glass substrate support (7) and vertical movement mechanism (10), vernier caliper (9) is arranged on the platform (14) in vertical movement mechanism (10), described DC high-voltage power supply (1) can stable output DC voltage, and output current is greater than 1mA, and the permissible error of setting value is less than and is calibrated 1/3 of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) limits of error limit, and resolving power is less than 10V, the voltage that described DC high-voltage source (1) exports separately outputs to Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) through protective resistance (2) and selector switch (3), metal electrode board is made to produce stable electrostatic potential, this current potential is for the earth potential of DC high-voltage source (1), Center metal electrode plate (5) is the parallel electrostatic field in the neighbouring generation local of the heart wherein, uneven electrostatic field is produced at edge metal battery lead plate (6), uneven electrostatic field causes the impact being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading to be called edge effect thus, when center metal electrode board (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) not equipotential time, this edge effect can increase.
Described selector switch (3) by 5 independently single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) form; the target of each switch connects 1 Center metal electrode plate (5) and 4 edge metal battery lead plates (6) by high-voltage conducting wires (4); the right pin of all switches is connected together; connect the ground wire of DC high-voltage power supply (1) again; the left side pin of all switches is connected together, then connects protective resistance (2).
Described Center metal electrode plate (5) is disc-shape, described edge metal battery lead plate (6) is made up of the sheet metal of 4 pieces of mutually insulateds, Center metal electrode plate (5) is distributed in up and down in circular, and insulate with Center metal electrode plate (5), the clearance for insulation between all central metal plate (5) is greater than 1cm.
Described glass substrate support (7) is made up of base (71), rigging-angle connector (72), glass plate (73), glass through hole (74), insulation handle (75) and fixed orifice (76), rigging-angle connector (72) is fixed together base (71) and glass plate (73), make glass plate (73) perpendicular to ground, on the left and right that 2 insulation handle (75) are arranged on glass plate (73) respectively on corner, fixed orifice (76) is the strip fillet through hole on base (71), lapping plate position is regulated time fixing with lapping plate (8), described glass through hole (74) is below the position that every block metal electrode board is pasted, every block Center metal electrode plate (5) has 3 through holes at least below, wherein there is a through hole for connecting high-voltage conducting wires (4), other through hole is used for bonded metal battery lead plate.
Described glass plate (73) is the square glass plate that area is greater than 60cm × 60cm, and surface resistivity is greater than 10
14Ω sqrt, body resistivity is greater than 10
14Ω m, surfacing is not yielding.
Described vertical movement mechanism (10) is made up of pedestal (11), lead screw guide rails (12), handwheel (13) and platform (14), mounting hole (15) on pedestal (11) is that strip through hole can be connected with lapping plate (8) with bolt, the relative position of adjustable pedestal (11) and glass plate support (7), the verticality of adjustable lead screw guide rails (12) and glass plate (73), lead screw guide rails (12) is fixedly mounted on pedestal (11), platform (14) can seesaw along guide rail direction in lead screw guide rails (12), range of movement is satisfied is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter measuring distance area requirement, handwheel (13) connects the leading screw in lead screw guide rails (12), screw turns can be driven, platform (14) carrying is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), make the center being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) Zheng Dui center metal electrode board (5), and the platform (14) in vertical movement mechanism (10) is stretched out in the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20).
Described platform (14) is by motion bracket (16), fixture (17), spring leaf (18), shooting headstock (19) composition, motion bracket (16) can carry and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) vertical movement in the centre normal of Center metal electrode plate (5), fixture (17) is fixedly calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), adjustable clamp width adequate different in width be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), spring leaf (19) is fixedly calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), can with spring base lifting adapt to different-thickness be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), shooting headstock (19) is arranged on motion bracket (16), for lift adjustment, adapt to the different display window being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, camera is installed be convenient to being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading.
Described vernier caliper (9) is digital display calliper, the blade of vernier caliper (9) is fixed on pedestal (11), the vernier display section of vernier caliper (9) is fixed on the platform (14) of vertical movement mechanism (10), and one-piece construction can be dismantled, regularly to send metering mechanism to trace to the source.
9, Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described protective resistance (2) is installed in totally enclosed insulating support, and it is as follows that the design of its resistance meets correlation computations formula:
In formula:
R---protective resistance value, unit is ohm (Ω);
U
max---the maximum voltage that DC high-voltage source exports, unit is volt (V);
I
safe---the safety current upper limit, unit is ampere (A);
δ
v---the relative voltage drop produced after protective resistance and insulation leakage electric resistance partial pressure, should be less than 0.1%;
R
s---the insulation resistance between metal electrode board, mainly surface resistance in clearance for insulation on glass plate, unit is ohm (Ω);
D
1---the outside dimension of Center metal electrode plate, unit is rice (m);
D
2---the internal diameter size of edge metal battery lead plate, unit is rice (m);
σ
s---the surface resistivity of glass plate, unit Ω sqrt.
A kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration steps, comprises edge effect test, error of indication calibration, measuring distance calibration steps successively, described edge effect test is to determine or evaluating by Center metal electrode plate (5) the diameter uncertainty of measurement introduced not greatly, four independent metal battery lead plates of edge metal battery lead plate (6) are connected high voltage or ground connection respectively, asymmetric fringe field is caused to distribute, to increase edge effect, be distributed symmetrically with in asymmetric situation at fringe field, be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) invariant position, obtain twice survey measurements respectively, the uncertainty of measurement that the difference of getting survey measurements is introduced as edge effect, one of uncertainty of measurement source when being error of indication calibration, described error of indication calibration is for normal voltage V with DC high-voltage source output
swith the reading V being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20)
xcompare, obtain error of indication Δ V
x=V
x-V
s, error of indication calibration carries out under the measuring distance condition of the technical requirement defined being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), this measuring distance is reference point when being and being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end contact center metal electrode board (5), the distance of platform (14) movement in vertical movement mechanism (10) is regulated with vernier caliper (9) display, if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) have measuring distance indicator, then regulate measuring distance with being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) indicator, the calibration of described measuring distance be in order to obtain be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) can Measurement accuracy voltage time actual measuring distance, when being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading and being equal with the output voltage of DC high-voltage source (1), being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end to the distance of Center metal electrode plate (5) is actual measuring distance.
Described edge effect test is the test increasing the weight of edge effect, causes the difference being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading with the change of edge effect, and as the uncertainty of measurement that edge effect is introduced, the step obtaining the difference of reading is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch (3), by all Center metal electrode plates (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) ground connection, be calibrated on platform (14) that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is placed in vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate (5), rotate handwheel (13), platform (14) in mobile vertical movement mechanism (10), make front end contact center metal electrode board (5) being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), now the display of vernier caliper (9) is reset, if can not reset, record the reading of vernier caliper (9),
(2) handwheel (13) is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is made to leave Center metal electrode plate (5), the measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and specifying is arrived by the display of vernier caliper (9), if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) have measuring distance indicator, then be as the criterion with its indicator, now record the reading of vernier caliper, regulate and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) display clearing;
(3) operating selection switch (3); Center metal electrode plate (5) is connected protective resistance (2); edge metal battery lead plate (6) one of them electrode is also connected protective resistance (2); its excess-three electrode ground connection; DC high-voltage source (1) output voltage is set for being calibrated the upper limit of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) range; output voltage, the reading being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is V
1;
(4) operating selection switch (3) again, make all Center metal electrode plates (5), edge metal battery lead plate (6) connects protective resistance (2) and obtain high voltage, being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading is V
0;
(5) if Δ V=V
1-V
0be less than 1/3 of the limits of error limit being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), then the edge effect of Center metal electrode plate (5) is negligible, otherwise Δ V is as one of uncertainty of measurement source;
(6) four absolute electrode connection status of edge metal battery lead plate (6) are converted successively; make an Electrode connection protective resistance (2); other three electrode ground connection; all do edge effect test by above-mentioned steps (2) ~ (5); under the different connection status of four electrodes of edge metal battery lead plate (6); measure 4 times, get the situation that Δ V is maximum.
Described error of indication calibration steps is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch (3), by all Center metal electrode plates (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) ground connection, be calibrated on platform (14) that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is placed in vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate (5), rotate handwheel (13), platform (14) in mobile vertical movement mechanism (10), make front end contact center metal electrode board (5) being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), now the display of vernier caliper (9) is reset, if can not reset, record the reading of vernier caliper (9),
(2) handwheel (13) is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is made to leave Center metal electrode plate (5), the measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and specifying is arrived by the display of vernier caliper (9), if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) have measuring distance indicator, then be as the criterion with its indicator, now record the reading of vernier caliper, regulate and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) display clearing;
(3) operating selection switch (3), is connected protective resistance (2) by all Center metal electrode plates (5) with edge metal battery lead plate (6), arranges DC high-voltage source (1) and exports V
s, record is calibrated the reading V of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20)
x, calculate error of indication Δ V
x=V
x-V
s;
(4) measurement of error of indication calibration is uncertain comprises the uncertainty of measurement introduced by edge effect, the uncertainty of measurement introduced by the DC high-voltage source limits of error and the uncertainty of measurement by measuring distance introducing lack of standardization.
Described measuring distance calibration performing step is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch (3), by all Center metal electrode plates (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) ground connection, be calibrated on platform (14) that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is placed in vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate (5), rotate handwheel (13), platform (14) in mobile vertical movement mechanism (10), make front end contact center metal electrode board (5) being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), now the display of vernier caliper (9) is reset, if can not reset, record the reading of vernier caliper (9),
(2) handwheel (13) is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is made to leave Center metal electrode plate (5), by the close measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and specifying of the display of vernier caliper (9), or close to measuring distance indicator distance to a declared goal, regulate and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) display clearing;
(3) when DC high-voltage source (1) exports 1000V, control hand wheel (13), platform (14) in movable vertical movement mechanism (10), makes to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading and equals 1000V, now record vernier caliper (9) reading S
1, S
1as the measuring distance calibration result in 1000V situation;
(4) again by DC high-voltage source (1) output-1000V, control hand wheel (13), platform (14) in movable vertical movement mechanism (10), makes to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading and equals-1000V, now record vernier caliper (9) reading S
2, S
2as the measuring distance calibration result in-1000V situation.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art: Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation disclosed by the invention and calibration steps, have employed the metal plate electrode of multiple mutually insulated, utilize the connection of selector switch, the test increasing the weight of edge effect can be realized, simplify in existing GJB GJB/J5792-2007 to be displaced sideways and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and the edge effect test method of carrying out.Present invention saves parallel moving mechanism, simplify design, decrease the impact brought because sideway movement is not parallel.The present invention utilizes glass substrate as the insulating support of metal plate electrode, makes the shape of electrode more smooth and stability, decreases the impact of metal plate distortion, reduces the area that can touch metal electrode in addition, enhances security.The present invention devises the totally enclosed insulation system of protective resistance, enhances security, and under giving safety current and accuracy of measurement constraint condition, the computing method of protective resistance resistance.The present invention devises mounting base for camera head on the platform of vertical travelling mechanism, and camera easy to use is observed and is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading, and operating personnel can telereading, enhances processing safety; Present invention uses electronic digital indicator that is detachable, that can reset, making to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter is fixed on platform, when its front end contacting metal is dull and stereotyped, this vernier caliper record zero-bit, simplify the control method of measuring distance, the design of dismountable vernier caliper, to be convenient to vernier caliper censorship to metering mechanism, reduces single unit system metage and uses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is equipotential plane and the line of electric force schematic diagram of active Metal plate; Wherein scheming a is when not having measuring sonde, the electrostatic field distribution plan around metal plate, and b is when having measuring sonde, the electrostatic field distribution plan around metal plate;
Fig. 2 is the shifting method edge effect test schematic diagram of prior art GJB/J5972-2007;
Fig. 3 is apparatus of the present invention general illustration;
Fig. 4 a is glass substrate support and the main schematic diagram of metal electrode plate structure in the present invention;
Fig. 4 b is glass substrate support and metal electrode board structure side schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 4 c is glass substrate support and metal electrode board structural upright schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that mesohigh wire of the present invention is through glass through hole and metal electrode board compression joint technique schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is protective resistance insulating supporting structure in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is vertical movement mechanism structural representation in the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, apparatus of the present invention general illustration, Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation is by DC high-voltage source 1, protective resistance 2, selector switch 3, high-voltage conducting wires 4, Center metal electrode plate 5, edge metal battery lead plate 6, glass substrate support 7, lapping plate 8, vernier caliper 9, vertical movement mechanism 10 and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter 20 and form, DC high-voltage power supply 1 exports the one end connecting protective resistance 2, protective resistance 2 other end connects the left side pin of selector switch 3 by high-voltage conducting wires 4, the right pin of selector switch 3 connects the ground wire of DC high-voltage source 1, the middle pin of selector switch 3 connects Center metal electrode plate 5 and edge metal battery lead plate 6 by high-voltage conducting wires 4, Center metal electrode plate 5 and edge metal battery lead plate 6 are pasted onto the same side of the glass plate of glass substrate support 7, lapping plate 8 is fixed together glass substrate support 7 and vertical movement mechanism 10, vernier caliper 9 is arranged in vertical movement mechanism 10.
Described DC high-voltage power supply 1 energy stable output DC voltage, can be traceable to DC high voltage measurement standard.Its output voltage range should cover and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter scale range, output current is greater than 1mA, the permissible error of setting value be less than be calibrated the Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter limits of error limit 1/3, resolving power is less than 10V, and fertilizer index is voltage: ± 100V ~ ± 20kV; The limits of error: ± (0.5% setting value+10V), can select commercial DC high-voltage source instrument according to the technical requirement being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter.The voltage that DC high-voltage source exports separately outputs to Center metal electrode plate and edge metal battery lead plate through protective resistance and selector switch, metal electrode board is made to produce stable electrostatic potential, this current potential is for the earth potential of DC high-voltage source, Center metal electrode plate is the parallel electrostatic field in the neighbouring generation local of the heart wherein, uneven electrostatic field is produced at edge metal battery lead plate, uneven electrostatic field causes the impact being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading to be called edge effect thus, when center metal electrode board and edge metal battery lead plate not equipotential time, this edge effect can increase.
Described selector switch 3 by 5 independently single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) form, the target of each switch connects a Center metal electrode plate and four edge metal battery lead plates by high-voltage conducting wires, the right pin of all switches is connected together, connect the ground wire of DC high-voltage power supply again, the left side pin of all switches is connected together, then connects protective resistance; Withstand voltagely between each pin of switch be greater than 20kV.With adhering method, selector switch is fixed on the same side of glass plate, at the back side of metal electrode.
Described Center metal electrode plate 5 is disc-shapes, described edge metal battery lead plate 6 is made up of the sheet metal of four pieces of mutually insulateds, Center metal electrode plate is distributed in up and down in circular, and insulate with Center metal electrode plate, clearance for insulation between all sheet metals is greater than 1cm, center disk diameter is greater than 50cm, annular width 3 ~ 5cm, sheet metal uses identical material, recommendation corrosion resistant plate, aluminium sheet or copper coin, plate thickness is advisable to point not easily compressive strain, is generally greater than 0.5mm, Metal Surface Roughness R
a<3.2 μm.Also the methods such as spraying, plating can be adopted to produce sheet metal electrode.
As shown in Fig. 4 a, 4b and 4c, glass substrate support 7 is made up of base 71, rigging-angle connector 72, glass plate 73, glass through hole 74, insulation handle 75 and fixed orifice 76, two rigging-angle connectors 72 are that insulating material is made, be arranged on the glass through hole of the left lower right corner of glass plate, base and glass plate are fixed together, make glass plate perpendicular to ground, base does not directly contact with glass, and glass through hole can not contacting metal battery lead plate.On the left and right that two insulation handles 75 are arranged on glass plate respectively corner glass through hole on.Fixed orifice 76 is the strip fillet through holes on base, can regulate lapping plate position when fixing with lapping plate; Described glass through hole 74, below the position that every block metal electrode board is pasted, has three glass through holes at least below every block metal electrode board, wherein have a glass through hole for connecting high-voltage conducting wires, and other through hole is used for bonded metal battery lead plate.Described glass plate 73 is square glass plates that area is greater than 65cm × 65cm, and surface resistivity is greater than 10
14Ω sqrt, body resistivity is greater than 10
14Ω m, surfacing is not yielding.Be convenient to glass processing when glass through-hole diameter is greater than 10mm, be also convenient to bonding.
As shown in Figure 5, be that high-voltage conducting wires passes glass through hole and metal electrode board compression joint technique schematic diagram.Have five high-voltage conducting wires 4 respectively with belong to battery lead plate 6 between a Center metal electrode plate 5 and four edges and be connected, connected mode adopts crimping mode.After high-voltage conducting wires 4 is transferred to metal core wire 41, to insert in glass through hole 74, by metal core wire 41 contacting metal battery lead plate, then fill out with cork the space that 42 fill glass through hole 74.Bonding with bonding agent 43 between cork with glass.
As shown in Figure 6, be protective resistance insulating supporting structure figure.Metallic connection parts position is touched for preventing personnel; and restriction protective resistance leakage current; protective resistance should be loaded totally enclosed supporting structure 44; described supporting structure 44 comprises drum 45, capping 46, metal disk 47 and bolt 48; described drum 45 and two cappings 46 adopt polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material to make; with bolt 48, protective resistance 2 two ends and high-voltage conducting wires 4 are fixed on metal disk 46; metal disk 46 makes protective resistance coaxial with drum inwall; and maintenance gap, put into teflon drum 45.Capping 46 buckles into drum 45 two ends, and capping 46 center has through hole that high-voltage conducting wires 4 can be allowed to draw through capping 46.Drum size is according to the size design of protective resistance, and the metal disk at two ends is greater than 5cm apart, and internal clearance is greater than 0.5cm.
Protective resistance 2 is connected between DC high-voltage source 1 and selector switch 3; the output current of restriction DC high-voltage source; once generation personnel touch exposed metal electrode board; or the situation of the unexpected ground connection of metal electrode board; protective resistance will bear most voltage drop, and limit output current and be less than 0.5mA.But the insulation leakage resistance with metal electrode board is formed dividing potential drop by protective resistance, make the voltage on metal electrode board be not equal to the output voltage of DC high-voltage source, affect accuracy of measurement.Therefore the selection of protective resistance value can not be too high, can not be too low.Computing method are as follows:
In formula:
R---protective resistance value, unit is ohm (Ω);
U
max---the maximum voltage that DC high-voltage source exports, unit is volt (V);
I
safe---the safety current upper limit, unit is ampere (A);
δ
v---the relative voltage drop produced after protective resistance and insulation leakage electric resistance partial pressure, should be less than 0.1%.
R
s---the insulation resistance between metal electrode board, mainly surface resistance in clearance for insulation on glass plate, unit is ohm (Ω);
D
1---the outside dimension of Center metal electrode plate, unit is rice (m);
D
2---the internal diameter size of edge metal battery lead plate, unit is rice (m);
σ
s---the surface resistivity of glass plate, unit Ω sqrt;
If DC high-voltage source exports maximum 20kV, the highest 0.5mA of safety current, then protective resistance R>=20kV/0.5mA=40M Ω; If Center metal electrode plate external diameter 50cm, edge metal battery lead plate internal radius 51cm, glass surface resistivity 1 × 10
14Ω, allows voltage drop 0.1%, then the insulation resistance R between metal electrode board
s=3.15 × 10
11Ω, protective resistance R<0.1% × 3.15 × 10
11Ω/(1-0.1%)=3.15 × 10
8Ω, in upper example, protective resistance should meet 40M Ω≤R<315M Ω.
As shown in Figure 7, be vertical movement mechanism structural representation.Described vertical movement mechanism 10 is made up of pedestal 11, lead screw guide rails 12, handwheel 13 and platform 14, mounting hole 15 on pedestal 11 is that strip through hole can be connected with lapping plate 8 with bolt, the relative position of adjustable pedestal 11 and glass plate support, the verticality of adjustable lead screw guide rails 12 and glass plate, lead screw guide rails 12 fixedly mounts on the base 11, platform 14 can seesaw along guide rail direction in lead screw guide rails 12, range of movement is satisfied is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter measuring distance area requirement, is generally greater than 40cm.Handwheel 13 connects the leading screw in lead screw guide rails 12, can drive screw turns.Platform 14 carrying is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, make the center being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter Zheng Dui center metal electrode board, and platform is stretched out in the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter.
Described platform 14 is by motion bracket 16, fixture 17, spring leaf 18, shooting headstock 19 forms, motion bracket 16 can carry and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter vertical movement in the centre normal of Center metal electrode plate, fixture 17 is fixedly calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, adjustable clamp width adequate different in width be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, spring leaf 19 is fixedly calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, can with spring base lifting adapt to different-thickness be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, shooting headstock 19 is arranged on motion bracket 16, liftable regulates, adapt to the different display window being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, can install camera is convenient to being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading,
Described vernier caliper 9 is digital display calliper, and the blade of vernier caliper is fixing on the base 11, and the vernier display section of vernier caliper is fixed on platform 14, and one-piece construction can be dismantled, regularly to send metering mechanism to trace to the source.
A kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration steps of the present invention, comprises edge effect test, error of indication calibration, measuring distance calibration;
Described edge effect test is to determine or evaluating by the Center metal electrode plate 5 diameter uncertainty of measurement introduced not greatly, the basic demand that parallel static electric field is calibration steps is produced in the electric field induction device front being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, but because metal plate electrode size is limited, its edge effect will change parallel electric field condition, affect accuracy of measurement.If the impact of edge effect can pass through test determination, and be less than and be calibrated 1/3 of the Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter permissible error limit, then this impact can be ignored, or this impact is calculated among uncertainty of measurement.
Described edge effect test is the test method increasing the weight of edge effect, causes with the change of edge effect the difference being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading, and as the uncertainty of measurement that edge effect is introduced, the step obtaining the difference of reading is as follows:
(1) first will be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter 20 and be placed on platform 14, make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter 20 front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, adjustment is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter front position, makes its distance to Center metal electrode plate 5 be calibrated the measuring distance that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter specifies.
(2) operating selection switch 3, by all metal electrode plate earthings, regulates and is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter display clearing.
(3) operating selection switch 3, connects protective resistance 2 by Center metal electrode plate 5, and one of them electrode of edge metal battery lead plate 6 is also connected protective resistance 2, its excess-three electrode ground connection.Arranging DC high-voltage source 1 output voltage is the upper limit being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter range, output voltage, and the reading being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter is V
1.
(4) operating selection switch 3 again, make all metal electrode boards connect protective resistance 2 and obtain high voltage, being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading is V
0.
(5) if Δ V=V
1-V
0be less than 1/3 of the limits of error limit being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter.Then the edge effect of Center metal electrode plate 5 is negligible, otherwise Δ V is as one of uncertainty of measurement source.
(6) four absolute electrode connection status of edge metal battery lead plate 6 are converted successively; make an Electrode connection protective resistance 2; other three electrode ground connection; all do edge effect test by above-mentioned steps (2) ~ (5); under the different connection status of four electrodes of edge metal battery lead plate; measure 4 times, get the situation that Δ V is maximum.
Error of indication calibration steps is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch 3, by all metal electrode plate earthings, being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter 20 is placed on platform 14, make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate 5, rotate handwheel 13, mobile platform, makes the front end contact center metal electrode board being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter.Now, the display of vernier caliper 9 is reset, if can not reset, records the reading of vernier caliper.
(2) handwheel 13 is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter is made to leave Center metal electrode plate 5, the measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and specifying is arrived by the display of vernier caliper, if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter have measuring distance indicator, then be as the criterion with its indicator, now record the reading of vernier caliper.Adjustment is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter display and resets.
(3) operating selection switch 3, connects protective resistance 2 by all metal electrode boards, arranges DC high-voltage source 1 and export V
s, record is calibrated the reading V of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter
x.Calculate error of indication Δ V
x=V
x-V
s.
The calibration of described measuring distance is calibrated the actual measuring distance of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter 20 when correct reading to obtain.When being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading and being equal with the output voltage of DC high-voltage source 1, being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter front end to the distance of Center metal electrode plate 5 is actual measuring distance.Measuring distance calibration steps is as follows:
(1) (1), (2) step operation of first above-mentioned error of indication calibration steps;
(2), when DC high-voltage source 1 exports 1000V, control hand wheel 13, movable platform 14, makes to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter 20 reading and equals 1000V, now records the reading S of vernier caliper 9
1, record S
1as the measuring distance calibration result in 1000V situation;
(3) again DC high-voltage source 1 is exported-1000V, control hand wheel 13, movable platform 14, makes to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading and equals-1000V, now records the reading S of vernier caliper 9
2, record S
2as the measuring distance calibration result in-1000V situation.
In a word, compared with the present invention tests with the edge effect in GJB/J5972-2007 standard, the present invention does not need the mechanism moved in parallel, and eliminates the error effect moving in parallel and bring, and simplifies Design of Mechanical Structure.And in the range observation of vertical movement, have employed dismountable vernier caliper, Length-traceable is simplified, reduce metage and use.Use glass plate rack bearing metal plate electrode, and the danger using protective resistance minimizing personnel to be electrically shocked.Obtained by camera and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter reading, make operating personnel dull and stereotyped away from the charged metal of danger.And calibrating installation of the present invention can meet Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter and static electric field table calibration requirements, use in measurement and calibration mechanism, have very strong practicality.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (13)
1. a Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation, is characterized in that: by DC high-voltage source (1), protective resistance (2), selector switch (3), high-voltage conducting wires (4), Center metal electrode plate (5), edge metal battery lead plate (6), glass substrate support (7), lapping plate (8), vernier caliper (9), vertical movement mechanism (10) be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and form, DC high-voltage power supply (1) exports the one end connecting protective resistance (2), protective resistance (2) other end connects the left side pin of selector switch (3) by high-voltage conducting wires (4), the right pin of selector switch (3) connects the ground wire of DC high-voltage source (1), the middle pin of selector switch (3) connects Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) by high-voltage conducting wires (4), Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) are pasted onto the same side of glass substrate support (7), lapping plate (8) is fixed together glass substrate support (7) and vertical movement mechanism (10), vernier caliper (9) is arranged on the platform (14) in vertical movement mechanism (10), described DC high-voltage power supply (1) can stable output DC voltage, and output current is greater than 1mA, and the permissible error of setting value is less than and is calibrated 1/3 of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) limits of error limit, and resolving power is less than 10V, the voltage that described DC high-voltage source (1) exports separately outputs to Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) through protective resistance (2) and selector switch (3), Center metal electrode plate (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) is made to produce stable electrostatic potential, this current potential is for the earth potential of DC high-voltage source (1), Center metal electrode plate (5) is the parallel electrostatic field in the neighbouring generation local of the heart wherein, uneven electrostatic field is produced at edge metal battery lead plate (6), uneven electrostatic field causes the impact being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading to be called edge effect thus, when center metal electrode board (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) not equipotential time, this edge effect can increase.
2. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described selector switch (3) by 5 independently single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) form; the target of each switch connects 1 Center metal electrode plate (5) and 4 edge metal battery lead plates (6) by high-voltage conducting wires (4); the right pin of all switches is connected together; connect the ground wire of DC high-voltage power supply (1) again; the left side pin of all switches is connected together, then connects protective resistance (2).
3. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Center metal electrode plate (5) is disc-shape, described edge metal battery lead plate (6) is made up of the sheet metal of 4 pieces of mutually insulateds, Center metal electrode plate (5) is distributed in up and down in circular, and insulate with Center metal electrode plate (5), the clearance for insulation between all sheet metals is greater than 1cm.
4. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described glass substrate support (7) is made up of base (71), rigging-angle connector (72), glass plate (73), glass through hole (74), insulation handle (75) and fixed orifice (76), rigging-angle connector (72) is fixed together base (71) and glass plate (73), make glass plate (73) perpendicular to ground, on the left and right that 2 insulation handle (75) are arranged on glass plate (73) respectively on corner, fixed orifice (76) is the strip fillet through hole on base (71), lapping plate position is regulated time fixing with lapping plate (8), described glass through hole (74) is in Center metal electrode plate (5), below the position that edge metal battery lead plate (6) is pasted, every block Center metal electrode plate (5), edge metal battery lead plate (6) has 3 through holes at least below, wherein there is a through hole for connecting high-voltage conducting wires (4), other through hole is used for bonding Center metal electrode plate (5), edge metal battery lead plate (6).
5. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described glass plate (73) is the square glass plate that area is greater than 60cm × 60cm, and surface resistivity is greater than 10
14Ω sqrt, body resistivity is greater than 10
14Ω m, surfacing is not yielding.
6. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described vertical movement mechanism (10) is made up of pedestal (11), lead screw guide rails (12), handwheel (13) and platform (14), mounting hole (15) on pedestal (11) is that strip through hole can be connected with lapping plate (8) with bolt, the relative position of adjustable pedestal (11) and glass plate support (7), the verticality of adjustable lead screw guide rails (12) and glass plate (73), lead screw guide rails (12) is fixedly mounted on pedestal (11), platform (14) can seesaw along guide rail direction in lead screw guide rails (12), range of movement is satisfied is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter measuring distance area requirement, handwheel (13) connects the leading screw in lead screw guide rails (12), screw turns can be driven, platform (14) carrying is calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), make the center being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) Zheng Dui center metal electrode board (5), and the platform (14) in vertical movement mechanism (10) is stretched out in the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20).
7. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described platform (14) is by motion bracket (16), fixture (17), spring leaf (18), shooting headstock (19) composition, motion bracket (16) can carry and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) vertical movement in the centre normal of Center metal electrode plate (5), fixture (17) is fixedly calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), adjustable clamp width adequate different in width be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), spring leaf (19) is fixedly calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), can with spring base lifting adapt to different-thickness be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), shooting headstock (19) is arranged on motion bracket (16), for lift adjustment, adapt to the different display window being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter, camera is installed be convenient to being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading.
8. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described vernier caliper (9) is digital display calliper, the blade of vernier caliper (9) is fixed on pedestal (11), the vernier display section of vernier caliper (9) is fixed on the platform (14) of vertical movement mechanism (10), one-piece construction can be dismantled, regularly to send metering mechanism to trace to the source.
9. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibrating installation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described protective resistance (2) is installed in totally enclosed insulating support, and it is as follows that the design of its resistance meets correlation computations formula:
In formula:
R---protective resistance value, unit is ohm (Ω);
U
max---the maximum voltage that DC high-voltage source exports, unit is volt (V);
I
safe---the safety current upper limit, unit is ampere (A);
δ
v---the relative voltage drop produced after protective resistance and insulation leakage electric resistance partial pressure, should be less than 0.1%;
R
s---the insulation resistance between Center metal electrode plate and edge metal battery lead plate, mainly surface resistance in clearance for insulation on glass plate, unit is ohm (Ω);
D
1---the outside dimension of Center metal electrode plate, unit is rice (m);
D
2---the internal diameter size of edge metal battery lead plate, unit is rice (m);
σ
s---the surface resistivity of glass plate, unit Ω sqrt.
10. utilize a Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration steps for calibrating installation described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise edge effect test, error of indication calibration, measuring distance calibration steps successively, described edge effect test is to determine or evaluating by Center metal electrode plate (5) the diameter uncertainty of measurement introduced not greatly, four independent metal battery lead plates of edge metal battery lead plate (6) are connected high voltage or ground connection respectively, asymmetric fringe field is caused to distribute, to increase edge effect, be distributed symmetrically with in asymmetric situation at fringe field, be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) invariant position, obtain twice survey measurements respectively, the uncertainty of measurement that the difference of getting survey measurements is introduced as edge effect, one of uncertainty of measurement source when being error of indication calibration, described error of indication calibration is for normal voltage V with DC high-voltage source output
swith the reading V being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20)
xcompare, obtain error of indication Δ V
x=V
x-V
s, error of indication calibration carries out under the measuring distance condition of the technical requirement defined being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), this measuring distance is reference point when being and being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end contact center metal electrode board (5), the distance of platform (14) movement in vertical movement mechanism (10) is regulated with vernier caliper (9) display, if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) have measuring distance indicator, then regulate measuring distance with being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) indicator, the calibration of described measuring distance be in order to obtain be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) can Measurement accuracy voltage time actual measuring distance, when being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading and being equal with the output voltage of DC high-voltage source (1), being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end to the distance of Center metal electrode plate (5) is actual measuring distance.
11. a kind of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration stepss according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: described edge effect test is the test increasing the weight of edge effect, the difference being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading is caused with the change of edge effect, as the uncertainty of measurement that edge effect is introduced, the step obtaining the difference of reading is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch (3), by all Center metal electrode plates (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) ground connection, be calibrated on platform (14) that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is placed in vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate (5), rotate handwheel (13), platform (14) in mobile vertical movement mechanism (10), make front end contact center metal electrode board (5) being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), now the display of vernier caliper (9) is reset, if can not reset, record the reading of vernier caliper (9),
(2) handwheel (13) is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is made to leave Center metal electrode plate (5), the measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and specifying is arrived by the display of vernier caliper (9), if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) have measuring distance indicator, then be as the criterion with its indicator, now record the reading of vernier caliper, regulate and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) display clearing;
(3) operating selection switch (3); Center metal electrode plate (5) is connected protective resistance (2); edge metal battery lead plate (6) one of them electrode is also connected protective resistance (2); its excess-three electrode ground connection; DC high-voltage source (1) output voltage is set for being calibrated the upper limit of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) range; output voltage, the reading being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is V
1;
(4) operating selection switch (3) again; make all Center metal electrode plates (5), edge metal battery lead plate (6) connect protective resistance (2) obtain high voltage, being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading is V
0;
(5) if Δ V=V
1-V
0be less than 1/3 of the limits of error limit being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), then the edge effect of Center metal electrode plate (5) is negligible, otherwise Δ V is as one of uncertainty of measurement source;
(6) connection status of four absolute electrodes in edge metal battery lead plate (6) is converted successively; make an Electrode connection protective resistance (2); other three electrode ground connection; all do edge effect test by above-mentioned steps (2) ~ (5); under the different connection status of four electrodes of edge metal battery lead plate (6); measure 4 times, get the situation that Δ V is maximum.
12. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration stepss according to claim 10, is characterized in that: described error of indication calibration performing step is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch (3), by all Center metal electrode plates (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) ground connection, be calibrated on platform (14) that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is placed in vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate (5), rotate handwheel (13), platform (14) in mobile vertical movement mechanism (10), make front end contact center metal electrode board (5) being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), now the display of vernier caliper (9) is reset, if can not reset, record the reading of vernier caliper (9),
(2) handwheel (13) is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is made to leave Center metal electrode plate (5), the measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and specifying is arrived by the display of vernier caliper (9), if be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) have measuring distance indicator, then be as the criterion with its indicator, now record the reading of vernier caliper, regulate and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) display clearing;
(3) operating selection switch (3), is connected protective resistance (2) by all Center metal electrode plates (5) with edge metal battery lead plate (6), arranges DC high-voltage source (1) and exports V
s, record is calibrated the reading V of Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20)
x, calculate error of indication Δ V
x=V
x-V
s;
(4) measurement of error of indication calibration is uncertain comprises the uncertainty of measurement introduced by edge effect, the uncertainty of measurement introduced by the DC high-voltage source limits of error and the uncertainty of measurement by measuring distance introducing lack of standardization.
13. Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter calibration stepss according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described measuring distance calibration performing step is as follows:
(1) operating selection switch (3), by all Center metal electrode plates (5) and edge metal battery lead plate (6) ground connection, be calibrated on platform (14) that Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is placed in vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) front end and stretch out more than platform 1cm, end face is parallel to Center metal electrode plate (5), rotate handwheel (13), platform (14) in mobile vertical movement mechanism (10), make front end contact center metal electrode board (5) being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20), now the display of vernier caliper (9) is reset, if can not reset, record the reading of vernier caliper (9),
(2) handwheel (13) is rotated again, the front end being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) is made to leave Center metal electrode plate (5), by the close measuring distance being calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) and specifying of the display of vernier caliper (9), or close to measuring distance indicator distance to a declared goal, regulate and be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) display clearing;
(3) when DC high-voltage source (1) exports 1000V, control hand wheel (13), platform (14) in movable vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading and equal 1000V, now record vernier caliper (9) reading S
1, S
1as the measuring distance calibration result in 1000V situation;
(4) again by DC high-voltage source (1) output-1000V, control hand wheel (13), platform (14) in movable vertical movement mechanism (10), make to be calibrated Non-contact Electrostatic Voltmeter (20) reading and equal-1000V, now record vernier caliper (9) reading S
2, S
2as the measuring distance calibration result in-1000V situation.
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