CN103475828B - A kind of dead pixel points of images bearing calibration and imageing sensor - Google Patents
A kind of dead pixel points of images bearing calibration and imageing sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The open a kind of dead pixel points of images bearing calibration of the present invention and imageing sensor, mainly for providing a kind of method efficient, accurately correction dead pixel points of images and imageing sensor.Dead pixel points of images bearing calibration of the present invention, centered by pixel to be detected, pixel sets up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices；First the described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of described 5 × 5Bayer color matrices is carried out bad point correction；With the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, judge whether the colour of described central pixel point and the difference of described surrounding pixel point are all higher than first threshold, if it is, this central pixel point is bad point, if it is not, then this central pixel point is normal point；The central pixel point being judged to bad point is carried out image rectification.The present invention, bad point judges that accurately, speed is fast, and bad point calibration result is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of image processing, be specifically related to bad point bearing calibration and the image sensing of a kind of image
Device.
Background technology
Security protection industry has come into the high definition epoch at present, uses the cmos sensor of million resolution ratio to have become as
Gesture.Owing to imageing sensor manufacturing process is limited, cmos sensor can more come at the dead pixel points of images below long-time, hot environment
The most, so-called bad point refers to not with photosensitive change, presents the pixel of a kind of color (such as, white, black or colour) all the time,
Thus destroy clear figure and the integrality of high-definition image,.The existence of bad point is one of reason of image quality decrease, simultaneously by
Increasing in bad point, low noise environment hypograph can be poorer, have impact on the use of high definition product.And the side that traditional bad point is corrected
Method uses power-up initializing mode once, determines bad point position when this powers on, thus judges when fixing solution powers on
Bad point out, powers on if not restarting, and the rectification of bad point will be limited to initialized several bad point, is therefore not suitable for camera and exists
The rectification of the bad point produced during long-time use.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention provides that a kind of bad point correction rate is fast, precision is high, can correct sensor used
The image rectification bad point method of the bad point in journey and imageing sensor.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, dead pixel points of images bearing calibration of the present invention, the method includes:
Centered by pixel to be detected, pixel sets up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices；
According to described central pixel point interlacing every the colour change of the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row, to described 5 ×
The described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of 5Bayer color matrices carries out bad point judgement；
The pixel being judged to bad point is corrected；
With the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that the colour of described central pixel point and institute
Whether the difference stating surrounding pixel point is all higher than first threshold, if it is, this central pixel point is bad point, if it is not, then should
Central pixel point is normal point；
The central pixel point being judged to bad point is carried out image rectification.
Whether described surrounding pixel point is that the determination methods of bad point is: the order that described surrounding pixel presses row or column depended on
Secondary subtract each other two-by-two, take each two interlacing or the absolute value of the pixel difference every row, and described absolute value is sorted successively；
If described absolute value having two values more than max-thresholds and described more than two of described max-thresholds absolutely
Be continuous print to value, then the intermediary image vegetarian refreshments being calculated these two absolute values is bad point, takes other two pixel colours
Mean value is the colour of this pixel；
If having two or more value in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is just
Constant value；
If described absolute value is respectively less than minimum threshold, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normal value.
Further, the pixel around described central pixel point is every 8 phases arranged with described central pixel point interlacing
Pixel with color.
Further, to the bearing calibration of described center bad point pixel for taking around the bad point pixel of described center 9
The mean value of the colour of the pixel of individual same color is the colour of this central pixel point.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, imageing sensor of the present invention, correct unit, wherein said dead pixel points of images including dead pixel points of images
Correction unit includes:
Face territory creating unit, set up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices for pixel centered by pixel to be detected；
Judge pretreatment unit, for according to described central pixel point interlacing every the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row
Colour changes, and the described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of described 5 × 5Bayer color matrices is carried out bad point judgement；
Bad point identifying unit, for the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that in described
Whether the colour of imago vegetarian refreshments is all higher than first threshold with the difference of described surrounding pixel point, if it is, this central pixel point
For bad point, if it is not, then this central pixel point is normal point；
Bad point correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the central pixel point being judged to bad point.
Described judgement pretreatment unit, including:
Computing unit, subtracts each other the most two-by-two for described surrounding pixel is pressed the order of row or column, takes each two interlacing
Or the absolute value of the pixel difference every row, and described absolute value is sorted successively；
Comparing unit, for relatively described absolute value and max-thresholds and the size of minimum threshold, with the week described in judgement
Enclose whether pixel is bad point；
If described absolute value having two values more than max-thresholds and described more than two of described max-thresholds absolutely
Be continuous print to value, then the intermediary image vegetarian refreshments being calculated these two absolute values is bad point, takes other two pixel colours
Mean value is the colour of this pixel；
If having two or more value in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is just
Constant value；
If described absolute value is respectively less than minimum threshold, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normal value.
Especially, described sensor includes that four line buffer unit, every line buffer unit include four registers.
The present invention, by judging to the difference degree of current pixel and surrounding pixel whether it is bad point, and to working as
Pixel around preceding pixel point carries out bad point and judges in advance, if it is first corrected for bad point processing, then as working as
Whether preceding pixel point is the basis for estimation of bad point, so that bad point judges more accurate, improves picture quality.From hardware configuration
For, owing to bad point detection algorithm is that filter window based on 5 × 5 judges, need 4 row bufferings to come temporarily when hardware realizes
Deposit data, the most often row has 4 registers to store single pixel value, thus the data forming 5 × 5 process window.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is 5 × 5Bayer color matrices figure that the present invention sets up；
Fig. 2 is the matrix schematic diagram of 5 × 5Bayer color matrices that corresponding diagram 1 of the present invention is set up；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of memory cell of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of method for correcting image of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention will be further described.
Dead pixel points of images bearing calibration of the present invention, the method includes:
Centered by pixel to be detected, pixel sets up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices；
According to described central pixel point interlacing every the colour change of the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row, to described 5 ×
The described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of 5Bayer color matrices carries out bad point judgement；
The pixel being judged to bad point is corrected；
With the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that the colour of described central pixel point and institute
Whether the difference stating surrounding pixel point is all higher than first threshold, if it is, this central pixel point is bad point, if it is not, then should
Central pixel point is normal point；
The central pixel point being judged to bad point is carried out image rectification.
Imageing sensor of the present invention, corrects unit including dead pixel points of images, and wherein said dead pixel points of images correction unit includes:
Face territory creating unit, set up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices for pixel centered by pixel to be detected；
Judge pretreatment unit, for according to described central pixel point interlacing every the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row
Colour changes, and the described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of described 5 × 5Bayer color matrices is carried out bad point judgement；
Bad point identifying unit, for the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that in described
Whether the colour of imago vegetarian refreshments is all higher than first threshold with the difference of described surrounding pixel point, if it is, this central pixel point
For bad point, if it is not, then this central pixel point is normal point；
Bad point correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the central pixel point being judged to bad point.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the present embodiment dead pixel points of images bearing calibration, the method includes:
Centered by pixel to be detected, pixel sets up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices；
According to described central pixel point interlacing every the colour change of the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row, to described 5 ×
The described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of 5Bayer color matrices carries out bad point judgement；
The pixel being judged to bad point is corrected；
With the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that the colour of described central pixel point and institute
Whether the difference stating surrounding pixel point is all higher than first threshold, if it is, this central pixel point is bad point, if it is not, then should
Central pixel point is normal point；
The central pixel point being judged to bad point is carried out image rectification.
In the present embodiment, whether described surrounding pixel point is that the determination methods of bad point is: described surrounding pixel is pressed row
Or the order of row subtracts each other the most two-by-two, take each two interlacing or the absolute value of pixel difference every row, and by described definitely
Value sorts successively；
If described absolute value having two values more than max-thresholds and described more than two of described max-thresholds absolutely
Be continuous print to value, then the intermediary image vegetarian refreshments being calculated these two absolute values is bad point, takes other two pixel colours
Mean value is the colour of this pixel；Namely except " described absolute value has two values more than max-thresholds, and described big
Two absolute values in described max-thresholds are continuous print " in this case, other situation then judges that this pixel is normal
Pixel.
If having two or more value in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is just
Constant value；
If described absolute value is respectively less than minimum threshold, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normal value.
Pixel around described central pixel point is every 8 pixels arranged with described central pixel point interlacing.
For R, for tri-components of G, B, 8 somes p00, p02, p04, p20, the p24 that central point p22 and surrounding are separated by,
P40, p42, p44 are same components, can determine whether very dark point or incandescent degree according to the difference of p22 point He these 8 points.
Before judging whether central point is bad point, first to filter the bad point of 8 surrounding pixel points around, first calculate around
The absolute difference of pixel, the present embodiment is the most successively by adjacent interlacing or the pixel phase of two pixel values every row
Subtract, take the absolute value of difference:
D0=| p00 p20 |；
D1=| p20 p40 |；
D2=| p40 p42 |；
D3=| p42 p44 |；
D4=| p44 p24 |；
D5=| p24 p04 |；
D6=| p04 p02 |；
D7=| p02 p00 |；
As difference d0 that the pixel in certain computation structure of certain color component is absolute, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d6, d7
In have and only two values, more than max-thresholds, and are continuous print, then may determine that " bad point " position, put former and later two with this
The mean value of pixel replaces the value being somebody's turn to do " bad point "；I.e. when di-1 and di of certain color component is more than threshold value, then may determine that this
Ith pixel point pi in computation structure is " bad point ", with the mean value of pi-1 and pi+1 replace Pi, Pi=(Pi-1+Pi+1)/
2；When absolute interpolation of pixel all in certain computation structure of certain color component are both less than threshold value dpc_th, then this computation structure
Around 8 pixels do not have bad point；When having in the absolute interpolation of all pixels and only two values are more than threshold value dpc_th, but this is even
Absolute difference is not continuous print, then it is assumed that cannot determine whether it is " bad point "；When the absolute interpolation of all pixels has two or more value
More than threshold value dpc_th, then it is assumed that these change violent pixel is not " bad point ", but the border of image, not revise；
After having processed the surrounding pixel point of each computation structure, then central pixel point is modified.P22 and surrounding
When the luminance difference of 8 pixels is all higher than first threshold, it is believed that this central pixel point is bad point, wherein said first threshold
Can set according to different situations.
If((|diff(p22.p00)|>dpc_th)&&(|diff(p22.p02)|>dpc_th)&&(|diff
(p22.p04)|>dpc_th)
&&(|diff(p22.p20)|>dpc_th)&&(|diff(p22.p24)|>dpc_th)&&(|diff(p22.p40)
|>dpc_th) &&(|diff(p22.p42)|>dpc_th)&&(|diff(p22.p44)|>dpc_th))
P22 is bad point.
Further, to the bearing calibration of described center bad point pixel for taking around the bad point pixel of described center 9
The mean value of the colour of the pixel of individual same color is the colour of this central pixel point.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment imageing sensor, corrects unit including dead pixel points of images, and wherein said dead pixel points of images correction unit includes:
Face territory creating unit, set up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices for pixel centered by pixel to be detected；
Judge pretreatment unit, for according to described central pixel point interlacing every the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row
Colour changes, and the described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of described 5 × 5Bayer color matrices is carried out bad point judgement；
Bad point identifying unit, for the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that in described
Whether the colour of imago vegetarian refreshments is all higher than first threshold with the difference of described surrounding pixel point, if it is, this central pixel point
For bad point, if it is not, then this central pixel point is normal point；
Bad point correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the central pixel point being judged to bad point.
Further, described judgement pretreatment unit, including:
Computing unit, subtracts each other the most two-by-two for described surrounding pixel is pressed the order of row or column, takes each two interlacing
Or the absolute value of the pixel difference every row, and described absolute value is sorted successively；
Comparing unit, for relatively described absolute value and max-thresholds and the size of minimum threshold, with the week described in judgement
Enclose whether pixel is bad point；
If described absolute value having two values more than max-thresholds and described more than two of described max-thresholds absolutely
Be continuous print to value, then the intermediary image vegetarian refreshments being calculated these two absolute values is bad point, takes other two pixel colours
Mean value is the colour of this pixel；
If having two or more value in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is just
Constant value；
If described absolute value is respectively less than minimum threshold, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normal value.
As shown in Figure 4, owing to bad point detection algorithm is that filter window based on 5X5 judges, need when hardware realizes
Wanting 4 row bufferings to carry out temporal data, the most often row has 4 registers to store single pixel value, thus is formed at the data of a 5X5
Reason window.
Above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any it is familiar with basis
Those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should contain
Within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain that claim is defined.
Claims (5)
1. a dead pixel points of images bearing calibration, it is characterised in that: the method includes:
Centered by pixel to be detected, pixel sets up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices；
According to described central pixel point interlacing every the colour change of the surrounding pixel point of the same color of row, to described 5 ×
The described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of 5Bayer color matrices carries out bad point judgement；
The pixel being judged to bad point is corrected；
With the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that the colour of described central pixel point and described week
Whether the difference enclosing pixel is all higher than first threshold, if it is, this central pixel point is bad point, if it is not, then this center
Pixel is normal point；
The central pixel point being judged to bad point is carried out image rectification；
Whether described surrounding pixel point is that the determination methods of bad point is: described surrounding pixel is pressed the order of row or column successively two
Two subtract each other, and take each two interlacing or the absolute value of the pixel difference every row, and are sorted successively by described absolute value；
If have two values in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, and described two absolute values more than described max-thresholds
Be continuous print, then the intermediary image vegetarian refreshments being calculated these two absolute values is bad point, takes the average of other two pixel colours
Value is the colour of this pixel；
If having two or more value in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normally
Value；
If described absolute value is respectively less than minimum threshold, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normal value.
Dead pixel points of images bearing calibration the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pixel around described central pixel point
Point for described central pixel point interlacing every the pixel of 8 same colors of row.
Dead pixel points of images bearing calibration the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to described center bad point pixel
Bearing calibration is that to take the mean value of the colour of the pixel of 9 same colors around the bad point pixel of described center be imago in this
The colour of vegetarian refreshments.
4. an imageing sensor, it is characterised in that: include that dead pixel points of images corrects unit, wherein said dead pixel points of images correction unit
Including:
Face territory creating unit, set up 5 × 5Bayer color matrices for pixel centered by pixel to be detected；
Judge pretreatment unit, for according to described central pixel point interlacing every the colour of surrounding pixel point of the same color of row
Change, carries out bad point judgement to the described surrounding pixel point of the central pixel point of described 5 × 5Bayer color matrices；
Bad point identifying unit, for the described surrounding pixel point of described central pixel point as reference point, it is judged that described middle imago
Whether the colour of vegetarian refreshments is all higher than first threshold, if it is, this central pixel point is bad with the difference of described surrounding pixel point
Point, if it is not, then this central pixel point is normal point；
Bad point correction unit, for carrying out image rectification to the central pixel point being judged to bad point；
Described judgement pretreatment unit, including:
Computing unit, subtracts each other the most two-by-two for described surrounding pixel is pressed the order of row or column, take each two interlacing or
Every the absolute value of the pixel difference of row, and described absolute value is sorted successively；
Comparing unit, for relatively described absolute value and max-thresholds and the size of minimum threshold, with the surrounding described in judging as
Whether vegetarian refreshments is bad point；
If have two values in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, and described two absolute values more than described max-thresholds
Be continuous print, then the intermediary image vegetarian refreshments being calculated these two absolute values is bad point, takes the average of other two pixel colours
Value is the colour of this pixel；
If having two or more value in described absolute value more than max-thresholds, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normally
Value；
If described absolute value is respectively less than minimum threshold, the most all of described surrounding pixel point is normal value.
Imageing sensor the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described sensor includes four line buffer unit, often
Line buffer unit includes four registers.
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