CN1033840C - 制备用于超声造影的微粒和超声波造影剂的方法 - Google Patents
制备用于超声造影的微粒和超声波造影剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1033840C CN1033840C CN89100726A CN89100726A CN1033840C CN 1033840 C CN1033840 C CN 1033840C CN 89100726 A CN89100726 A CN 89100726A CN 89100726 A CN89100726 A CN 89100726A CN 1033840 C CN1033840 C CN 1033840C
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
- A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
- A61K49/228—Host-guest complexes, clathrates, chelates
Abstract
本发明涉及由微粒制成的超声波造影剂，该微粒由直链淀粉或能被生物分解的合成聚合物和气体和/或沸点低于60℃的液体组成，本发明还涉及所述微粒和超声波造影剂的制造方法及其在诊断治疗中的应用。
Description
本发明涉及由微粒制成的超声波造影剂及其制造方法和在诊断治疗中的应用。
公众已知，通过外围注射含有很小气泡的溶液，可以进行心脏的超声波造影(Roelandt J.Ultrasound Med.Biol.8：471-492，1982)。这种气泡通过摇动、其他搅拌方法或加入二氧化碳等可保持在生理上能耐受的溶液中。但是由于气泡的数量和大小并不标准，所以它们不能充分地再生。而且通常都不稳定，致使它们存在的时间很短。它们的平均直径大多数均超过红血细胞的大小，因此不可能通过肺部毛细血管对左心脏、肝、肾或脾等器官进行造影。此外，由其所产生的超声回声是由许多互相不能分开的过程组成，例如气泡的形成、聚结和溶解，所以也不适宜于作定量表示。由于这些原因，采用这类超声波造影剂来测量造影过程，以获得心肌变换时间的诊断是不可能的。为此，需要有一种造影剂，其分散体不具有特殊的动力学。
其次，还有一种颗粒状超声波造影剂(Ophir，Gobuly，Mc Whirt，Maklad，Ultrasonic Backscatter from Contrast-producing CollagenMicrospheres，Ultrasonic Imaging 2：66-67，1980)。此外，还有一种高密度溶液作为超声波造影剂使用(Ophir，Mc Whirt，Maklad，AqueousSolutions with High Speed of Sound，Ultrasonic Imaging，3：323-329，1981)。公众还知道，有一种可用作超声波造影剂的乳剂(Mattrey，Andre，Ultrasonic Enhancement of Myocardial Infarction withPerfluorcarbon Compounds in Dogs，Am J.Cardiol 54：206-210，1984).
由此可知，元气体造影剂的总数量也非常之少。含气体配制品的缺点是在体内的稳定性极差。此外，气泡的大小多数都不标准。在外周静脉注射后，在动脉血管系统中通常都不能获得充分的造影效果。
在EP A 2123235和0122624两文中介绍了含气泡的超声波造影剂，这种造影剂可以通过肺部毛细血管。因此具有良好的造影效果。
EPA 20224934介绍了充满气体的凝胶或清蛋白空心体的超声波造影剂。但其缺点是使用异体蛋白或变性本体蛋白，因而存在着与此相连系的过敏性反应的危险。
迄今所知，还没有一种超声波造影剂能够在静脉注射后通过选择性浓集在器官中获得稳定的信号，因此目前更不可能定量化。
本发明的任务是制造以微粒为基础的超声波造影剂，这种造影剂除了具有一定的能够再生的体积外，还比至今所知的造影剂具有更长的存在时间，没有潜在的过敏性危险，但具有良好的耐受性，能够注射到网状皮系细胞内，因此也能够浓集在肝脏或脾脏内。
本发明的这项任务是通过制取一种微粒得到解决的。这种微粒是由直链淀粉或一种能被生物分解的合成聚合物和一种气体和/或一种沸点低于60℃的液体组成。
能被生物分解的合成聚合物是α-、β-、δ-或ε-羟基羧酸的聚酯、聚烷基腈基丙烯酸酯、聚氨基酸、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸糖化物或聚原酸酯。
特别适用的有：
聚乳酸，
聚-ε-己酸内酯，
乳酸和甘醇酸或己酸内酯的共聚物，
聚羟基丁酸，
聚羟基戊酸，
羟基丁酸和羟基戊酸的共聚物，
谷氨酸和/或赖氨酸的共聚物，
聚二噁烷酮，
氨基酸或/和对苯二酸、邻苯二甲酸或癸二酸的聚合物或共聚物，
聚丙烯葡聚糖，
聚丙烯淀粉，
聚丙烯酰胺，
聚氨基甲酸乙酯，
聚酯，
聚缩醛，
聚氨基三唑，或
聚烷基腈基丙烯酸酯。
微粒中可含有淀粉或淀粉衍生物。采用直链淀粉是适宜的，因为这种淀粉衍生物易溶于水并能形成笼形化合物。
特别适用的直链淀粉是环糊精及其衍生物，例如α-、β-和δ-环糊精。
微粒中含有游离的或结合形式的气体和/或沸点低于60℃的液体。同样也可在超声波造影剂中采用气液混合物。
气体可以采用空气、氮气、稀有气体、氢气、二氧化碳、氨气、氧气、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、乙烯或其他烃类或它们的混合物等。
优先采用下列液体或它们的混合物：
1，1-二氯乙烯，
2-甲基-2-丁烯，
2-氯丙烷，
2-甲基-1，3-丁二烯，
2-丁炔，
2-甲基-1-丁烯，
二溴二氟甲烷，
呋喃，
3-甲基-1-丁烯，
异戊烷，
二乙醚，
3，3-二甲基-1-丁炔，
二甲基氨基丙酮，
氧化丙烯，
N-乙基甲胺，
溴甲烷，
N-乙基二甲胺，
二氯甲烷，
戊烷，
环戊烷，
2，3-戊二烯，
环戊烯。
微粒也可含有低蒸汽压和/或低沸点的物质，尤指挥发性油类，这样更为有利。
特别有利的是由直链淀粉组成的带有包层物质的微粒，这种微粒由油、脂肪和/或表面活性物质包层并悬浮在水介质中。
由直链淀粉组成的微粒用基质，尤用聚合物结构的基质包层特别有利。
通过加入渗透活性物质，例如食盐、甘露糖醇、半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、可以调整生理等渗性。
本发明还涉及由生物可分解的合成聚合物组成的超声波造影剂的制造方法。
制造本发明超声波造影剂的优良方法是将聚合物或共聚物溶于一种或多种与水不能混合的有机溶剂中，如需要，在接着将另一种溶剂加入水后进行乳化，过滤所得乳剂，必要时还可进行干燥。
另一个制造方法是将聚合物或共聚物溶于一种或多种含气泡的溶剂中，如需要，在接着加入另一种溶剂或另一种聚合物后，进行沉淀或在水中乳化，然后过滤所得悬浮液或乳剂，必要时还可进行干燥。为了便于加工，可进行冰冻干燥处理。
最好将所得产品磨成很细的粉末。
上述两种方法所用的溶剂有：呋喃、戊烷、丙酮、二噁烷、乙酸乙酯、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、环己烷或己烷，或溶剂混合物等。乳剂中也可加入乳化剂。
另一种制造方法则不是从聚合物着手，而是由构成聚合物的单体着手。在这种情况下，将单体溶干一种或几种有机溶剂中，并在5-30份水中或0.01-0.1N盐酸中(需要时可加入乳化剂或缓冲物质)，在低于有机溶剂沸点的温度条件下进行乳化，再将第二种单体的0.2％-20％水溶液加入该乳剂，或需要时可加入pH值较高的物质，必要时还可进行干燥。
另一种处理方法是将单体溶解或分散于一种或多种含气泡液体中，必要时可加入乳化剂或缓冲物质，如有需要，还可将第二种单体的0.2％-20％溶液或溶解状态或气体状态的高pH物质，加入该溶液或分散体中，必要时可进行干燥。
例如，第一种单体可用对苯二酰氯或癸二酰氯或腈基丙烯酸酯，第二种单体可用L-赖氨酸，有机溶剂可用2-甲基-1，3-丁二烯、二噁烷、二氯甲烷、甲苯或环己烷等。
按另一种方法，超声波造影剂的制取可以在0.5-10％的单体水溶液或分散体中产生气泡，必要时加入0.01-5％的乳化剂或0.1-5％准乳化剂，然后加入交联物质和/或反应起动剂。
上述超声波造影剂可以用于诊断或治疗的方法。
可以通过注射等方法使用本发明的造影剂。
本发明通过下列实施例予以说明：
实施例1
将500mg聚交酯溶于4ml呋喃和0.6ml环己烷，再将该溶液在40ml的分子量为12000的0.1％聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物(PluronicF127)溶液中乳化，乳化期间的温度保持在15℃以下。然后将温度缓慢升高，使有机溶剂蒸发，接着将生成的悬浮液冰冻干燥。
实施例2
将300mgα-腈基丙烯酸丁酯溶于1ml呋喃中，再将该溶液在10ml含有分子量为12000的1％聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物(PluronicF127)的0.1N盐酸中乳化，乳化期间的温度保持在15℃以下。聚合结束后，将生成的悬浮液冰冻干燥。
实施例3
将200mg α-腈基丙烯酸丁酯溶于0.4ml异戊二烯，再在30ml含有分扛量为8350的1％聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物(Pluronic(F68)的0.01N盐酸中乳化，乳化期间的温度保持在10℃以下。聚合结束后，悬浮液用0.1N NaOH中和并用氯化钠使之达到等渗浓度。
实施例4
将400mg α-腈基丙烯酸丁酯溶于0.4ml二氯甲烷，再在60ml含有12000分子量的1％聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物(PluronicF127)的0.01N盐酸中乳化，乳化期间的温度保持在10℃以下。聚合结束后，悬浮液用0.1N NaOH中和，用氯化钠使之达到等渗浓度。
实施例5
将400mg聚己酸内酯溶于6ml呋喃和0.3ml环己烷，再在60ml含有分子量为12000的1％聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物(PluronicF127)中乳化，温度保持在15℃以下。然后将温度缓慢升高，使有机溶剂蒸发。接着将生成的悬浮液冰冻干燥。
实施例6
将400ml对苯二酸二氯化物溶于2ml呋喃中，再在50ml含分子量12000的0.1％聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚合物(PluronicF127)的3％碳酸钠溶液中乳化。加入60mg L-赖氨酸后，溶于5ml 0.1％的Pluronic F127中，离心微胶囊，再用0.1％Pluronic F127溶液洗涤数次。使用前，用氯化钠使悬浮液达到等渗浓度。
实施例7
β-环糊精-异戊烷笼形化合物：
将100ml饱和β-环糊精溶液(1.8％)冷却至10℃，再加入3ml异戊烷。在超声浴中不断搅拌下，析出生成的难溶解复合物。通过冰冻干燥和过滤，得到结晶沉淀物。根据气相色谱测定，含异戊烷0.26％。
实施例8
β-环糊精-2-甲基-2-丁烯笼形化合物：
将100ml饱和β-环糊精溶液(1.8％)冷却至10℃，再加入3ml 2-甲基-2-丁烯。在超声浴中不断搅拌下，析出生成的难溶解复合物。通过冰冻干燥和过滤，得到结晶沉淀物。
实施例9
β-环糊精-2-甲基-1-丁烯笼形化合物：
将100ml饱和β-环糊精溶液(1.8％)冷却至10℃，再加入3ml 2-甲基-1-丁烯。在超声浴中不断搅拌下，析出生成的难溶解复合物。通过冰冻干燥和过滤，得到结晶沉淀物。根据气相色谱测定，含2-甲基-1-丁烯0.82％。
实施例10
β-环糊精-异戊二烯笼形化合物：
将100ml饱和β-环糊精溶液(1.8％)冷却至10℃，再加入3ml异戊二烯。在超声浴中不断搅拌下，析出生成的难溶解复合物。通过冰冻干燥的过滤，得到结晶沉淀。根据气相色谱测定，含异戊二烯1.0％。
实施例11
β-环糊精-2-氯丙烷笼形化合物：
将100ml饱和β-环糊精溶液(1.8％)冷却至10℃，再加入3ml 2-氯丙烷。在超声浴中不断搅拌下，析出生成的难溶解复合物。通过冰冻干燥和过滤，得到结晶沉淀物。根据气相色谱测定，含2-氯丙烷0.5％。
实施例12
β-环糊精异戊烷笼形化合物：
将100ml饱和β-环糊精溶液(1.8％)冷却至10℃，再加入3ml异戊烷。在超声浴中不断搅拌下，析出生成的难溶解复合物。通过冰冻干燥和过滤，得到结晶沉淀物。
实施例13
氙/α-环糊精笼形化合物：
在7个大气压的氙和室温条件下，将100ml饱和α-环糊精溶液(约12％)置于200cm3高压釜中保温7天。吸出结晶加成物，用冷水洗涤，在氯化钙干燥器中干燥。
实施例14
二氧化碳/α-环糊精笼形化合物：
在7个大气压二氧化碳和室温条件下，将100ml饱和α-环糊精溶液(约12％)置于20cm3高压釜中保温7天。吸出结晶加成物，用冷水洗涤，在氯化钙干燥器中干燥。
实施例15
异戊烷/羟丙基-β-环糊精笼形化合物：
在10℃下，将2ml异戊烷加入10ml的20％羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液。在超声浴中处理3分钟，然后保温26小时，生成的复合物仍保留在溶液中。
实施例16
异戊二烯/羟丙基-β-环糊精笼形化合物：
在10℃下，将2ml异戊二烯加入15ml的20％羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液中，在超声浴中处理3分钟，然后保温26小时。生成的复合物部分仍保留在溶液中，部分则作为白色沉淀物沉淀。
实施例17
呋喃/羟丙基-β-环糊精笼形化合物：
在10℃下，将2ml呋喃加入15ml的20％羟丙基-β-环糊精溶液中，在超声浴中处理3分钟，然后保温26小时。生成的复合物部分得保留在溶液中，部分则作为白色沉淀物沉淀。
实施例18
异戊烷/α-环糊精笼形化合物：
将1ml异戊烷加入20ml饱和α-环糊精溶液中，在超声浴中处理3分钟。过滤得到生成的难溶解复合物，再用氯化钙干燥。
实施例19
异戊二烯/α-环糊精笼形化合物：
将1ml异戊二烯加入20ml饱和α-环糊精溶液中，在超声浴中处理3分钟。过滤得到生成的难溶解复合物，再用氯化钙干燥。
实施例20
呋喃/α-环糊精笼形化合物：
将1ml呋喃加入20ml饱和α-环糊精溶液中，在超声浴中处理3分钟。过滤得到生成的难溶解复合物，再用氯化钙干燥。
以下适用于实施例7-20：
结晶沉淀物在适当的水介质中纯化后，优先采用生理盐水、葡萄糖溶液或环状化合物溶液纯化，然后制成注射剂。
实施例21
在超声浴中进行超声处理条件下，将4g桉油醇滴加到100mlα-环糊精溶液(5℃)的保温容器中，继续超声处理30分钟。然后置于冷却封闭的容器中摇动48小时，过滤得到生成的沉淀物，用冷乙醇洗涤，经液氮冰冻干燥。
实施例22
将2g牻牛儿醇加入100mlα-环糊精溶液中，在5℃下，在超声浴中超声波处理4小时，然后在5℃下保温24小时。过滤得到生成的沉淀物，用冷乙醇洗涤，再在液氮中冰冻干燥。
Claims (14)
1.一种制备用于超声造影的微粒的方法，其中所述微粒含有
(i)可生物分解的合成聚合物，它是α-，β-，γ-羟基羧酸的聚酯或聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯、聚氨基酸、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸糖化物或聚原酸酯；和
(ii)气体或沸点在60℃以下的与水不混溶的有机液体；
所述方法的特征在于，将溶解在一种或多种沸点在60℃以下的与水不混溶的有机溶剂中的、为获得上述各自的聚合物所要求的单体在含有反应起动剂的水溶液中于低于与水不混溶的有机溶剂的沸点的温度下乳化，聚合后，将所得悬浮液i)中和并过滤以得到含与水不混溶的有机液体的颗粒或ii)冷冻干燥以得到含气体的颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述的水溶液中含有0.01-5％重量的乳化剂。
3.一种制备用于超声造影的微粒的方法，其中所述微粒含有
(i)可生物分解的合成聚合物，它是α-，β-，γ-羟基羧酸的聚酯或聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯、聚氨基酸、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸糖化物或聚原酸酯；和
(ii)气体或沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机液体；
所述方法的特征在于，在低于与水不混溶的有机液体的沸点的温度下将为获得上述各自的聚合物所要求的第一种单体的水溶液加到一种水乳液中，其中所述水乳液含有溶解在一种或多种沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机溶剂中的、为获得上述各自的聚合物所要求的第二种单体，聚合后，将所得悬浮液i)过滤并洗涤以得到含与水不混溶的有机液体的颗粒或ii)冷冻干燥以得到含气体的颗粒。
4.根据权利要求3的方法，其特征在于所述水溶液和水乳液含有乳化剂和/或缓冲剂。
5.一种制备用于超声造影的微粒的方法，其中所述微粒含有
(i)可生物分解的合成聚合物，它是α-，β-，γ-羟基羧酸的聚酯或聚烷基氰基丙烯酸酯、聚氨基酸、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸糖化物或聚原酸酯；和
(ii)气体或沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机液体；所述方法的特征在于，将溶解在一种或多种沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机液体中的可生物分解的合成聚合物在水溶液中乳化，然后慢慢增加温度蒸发掉与水不混溶的有机溶剂，再将所得悬浮液冷冻干燥。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其特征在于所述水溶液含有乳化剂。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项的方法，其特征在于，沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机溶剂是1，1-二氯乙烯，2-甲基丁烯，2-氯丙烷，2-甲基-1，3-丁二烯，2-丁炔，2-甲基1-丁烯，二溴二氟甲烷，呋喃，3-甲基-1-丁烯，异戊烷，乙醚，3，3-二甲基-1-丁炔，二甲基氨基丙酮，氧化丙烯，N-乙基二甲胺，二氯甲烷，戊烷，环戊烷，2，3-戊二烯和/或环戊烯。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项的方法，其特征在于，包含在微粒中的气体是空气，稀有气体，氮气，氧气，二氧化碳，氢，氨，乙烯，甲烷，乙烷，丙烷和/或丁烷。
9.一种制备用于超声造影的微粒的方法，其中所述微粒含有直链淀粉和沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机溶剂，所述方法的特征在于，将直链淀粉的饱和水溶液与沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机溶剂混合，并将所得的难溶解复合物在超声浴中不断搅拌下被沉淀，然后过滤并干燥。
10.一种制备用于超声造影的微粒的方法，其中所述微粒含有直链淀粉和气体，所述方法的特征在于，将直链淀粉的饱和水溶液在高压釜中在7个大气压的所述气体的压力下保温7天，然后移出结晶产物洗涤并干燥。
11.根据权利要求9或10的方法，其特征在于，所述微粒含有环糊精或环糊精衍生物作为直链淀粉。
12.根据权利要求9的方法，其特征在于，沸点低于60℃的与水不混溶的有机溶剂是1，1-二氯乙烯，2-甲基丁烯，2-氯丙烷，2-甲基-1，3-丁二烯，2-丁炔，2-甲基-1-丁烯，二溴二氟甲烷，呋喃，3-甲基-1-丁烯，异戊烷，乙醚，3，3-二甲基-1-丁炔，二甲基氨基丙酮，氧化丙烯，N-乙基二甲胺，二氯甲烷，戊烷，环戊烷，2，3-戊二烯和/或环戊烯。
13.根据权利要求10的方法，其特征在于，所述气体是空气，稀有气体，氮气，氧气，二氧化碳，氢气，氨，乙烯，甲烷，乙烷，丙烷和/或丁烷。
14.一种制备超声波造影剂的方法，其特征在于，将按照权利要求1-6、9和10任一项的方法得到的微粒悬浮在水介质中。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3803971A DE3803971C2 (de) | 1988-02-05 | 1988-02-05 | Ultraschallkontrastmittel |
| DEP3803971.0 | 1988-02-05 | ||
| DEP3803972.9 | 1988-02-05 | ||
| DE3803972A DE3803972A1 (de) | 1988-02-05 | 1988-02-05 | Ultraschallkontrastmittel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1035437A CN1035437A (zh) | 1989-09-13 |
| CN1033840C true CN1033840C (zh) | 1997-01-22 |
Family
ID=25864722
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89100726A Expired - Fee Related CN1033840C (zh) | 1988-02-05 | 1989-02-04 | 制备用于超声造影的微粒和超声波造影剂的方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6264959B1 (zh) |
| EP (3) | EP0327490A1 (zh) |
| JP (2) | JP2907911B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR0133132B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1033840C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE109663T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU635200B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1336164C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE58908194D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK175832B1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2068917T3 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI99086C (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU221485B (zh) |
| IE (2) | IE66912B1 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL89175A (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY105856A (zh) |
| NO (2) | NO301260B1 (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ227869A (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT89635B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1989006978A1 (zh) |
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- 1989-02-01 JP JP1501696A patent/JP2907911B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1989-02-01 EP EP89901933A patent/EP0398935B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1989-02-01 HU HU055/89A patent/HU221485B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-01 EP EP93112378A patent/EP0586875A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-02-01 AU AU30351/89A patent/AU635200B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-02-01 ES ES89901933T patent/ES2068917T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-02-01 KR KR1019890701826A patent/KR0133132B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-02-01 WO PCT/DE1989/000069 patent/WO1989006978A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-03 CA CA000590059A patent/CA1336164C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1989-02-03 IL IL89175A patent/IL89175A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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1990
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- 1990-08-03 DK DK199001864A patent/DK175832B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
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1995
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1997
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