A kind of MIG welding method of magnesium alloy
Technical field
The invention belongs to the magnesium alloy welding technology field, be specifically related to a kind of welding method of magnesium alloy.
Background technology
Material is that the mankind depend on for existence and development, conquer nature and the material base of nature remodeling, also is the guide's of human social development, particularly Modern High-Tech development, depends on the progress of new material technology especially.The research and development of new material structures are the mainstays that improves the industrial technology level, if there is not the development of modern hyperstructure material, just do not have the progress of world today's Aero-Space cause.And nonferrous materials is a most important class material, for example magnesium and aluminium.Wherein the reserves of magnesium are abundant, compare with other common metal, and magnesium has low-density, high specific strength and advantage such as can be recycled, and becomes the focus that people pay close attention to, and is described as " the environmental protection engineering material that 21 century is novel ".
Along with science and technology development, the consumption of metal material sharply rises, and the mineral metal products resource of using always on the earth is poor just day by day at present.At present Al and Fe can exploit 100~300 years in the three large-engineering materials commonly used, and Mg can exploit and uses nearly one thousand years.The requirement of new century to material mainly comprises three aspects, i.e. aboundresources, energy savings and environmental protection, so light-weight high-strength material meets the new century to the requirement of material, wherein the Mg alloy is the green new structural material that has development prospect most.Mg accounts for 2.3% in the earth's crust, the reserves of Mg are 2.1 * 10 in the seawater
15T, the reserves of Mg are also very huge in the salt lake.China is the big producing country of Mg, and containing of Mg is abundant, accounts for 22 5% of global gross reserves.
Though magnesium is found the history of existing two a century, up to the nineties in 20th century, along with the needs of energy-conservation in the auto industry and environmental protection, the development trend that the demand of magnesium and magnesium alloy is presented fast, grows steadily.And along with magnesium alloy preparation, shape the breakthrough of technology etc., the novel magnesium alloy that is fit to different instructions for uses has obtained exploitation, for example high-strength Mg-Al alloy and antiflaming magnesium alloy etc.Simultaneously the production cost of magnesium alloy constantly reduces, and serviceability improves constantly, and has promoted the application of magnesium alloy in automobile, electronics, communication and field of household appliances greatly, and replaces parts such as part aluminium and aluminium alloy, iron and steel gradually.And magnesium alloy is as structural material, because its outstanding advantage at aspects such as structure loss of weight and carryings is also being played the part of more and more important role in leading-edge fields such as Aero-Space, military project national defence.Though China is Mg resource-rich country, research and the application of Mg alloy to be started late, the development of Mg alloy product also relatively lags behind.The research and development of Mg alloy is mainly carried out round the combination properties such as intensity, plasticity, toughness, corrosion resistance and antifatigue that improve material, and the exploitation of novel Mg alloy can be undertaken by adopting new alloying element, new corrosion-resistant treatments technology etc.The key issue of Mg alloy research is: 1) exploitation is suitable for the important equipment that the Mg alloy is produced in enormous quantities; 2) exploitation of novel high-performance Mg alloy system; 3) atmosphere protection of Mg alloy melting process: 4) Mg alloy flame-retarded technology and process for treating surface; 5) Welding Problems of Mg alloy and foreign material.
The emphasis that " magnesium alloy is used and exploitation " classifies material field in " 15 " national science and technology development plan as is incited somebody to action by China, and over nearly 10 years, the developmental research level that the Mg alloy is new has obtained improving significantly.The Mg alloy mainly comprises Mg-Al-Zn system, Mg-Al-Mn system, Mg-Al-Si system and Mg-Al-Re system etc. at present; But in order to satisfy each mechanical industry department to Mg alloy structure performance demands, some novel Mg alloys have obtained exploitation, for example be applied to the wrought magnesium alloy of telecommunications product, ultralight, high-strength, anti-corrosion Mg-Li alloy and Mg-Re alloy are applied to the high temperature Mg alloy Mg-Re-Ca-Zr of following aerospace field and coagulate Mg alloy etc. soon.And along with the further raising of Mg alloy technology of preparing; occur Mg alloy flame-retarded technology, Mg alloy melt environment-friendly type resist technology and Mg alloy Microarc Oxidation Surface Treatment technology etc. in succession, promoted the application of Mg alloy in fields such as automobile, Aero-Space greatly.
The Mg alloy is applied to can satisfy automotive safety, energy-conservation and environmental requirement in auto industry, and can realize automobile lightweight ground target effectively.Automobile designers and manufacturing enterprise are in order to reduce motor vehicle exhaust emission to the pollution of environment in recent years, carrying out a large amount of research aspect the discharge capacity of the utilization rate that improves fuel and minimizing CO2, discovery employing Mg alloy parts can reduce car weight, minimizing oil consumption greatly, reduce the discharge capacity of CO2.For example German Benz adopts the car door of outside Al alloy, inboard Mg alloy, and weight ratio reduced 34% originally; The second generation magnesium wheel hub that Italy produces is 514kg only, takes turns firm weight than aluminium and has reduced 28%.For a medium sized automobile, its weight saving 10%, amount of fuel can reduce 6%~8%, at present external on automobile the parts of large-scale application Mg alloy production above 60 kinds.
At electronics, communication field, the Mg alloy has also obtained people and has greatly paid close attention to, and all is to adopt plastics to make as the shell of television set, computer, display, video camera etc., and these products are eliminated very fast, can produce a large amount of discarded contaminated materials.And adopt the Mg alloy as an alternative product can reduce pollution effectively, had portioned product to adopt the Mg alloy at present, but still be in the research and development stage.
The Mg alloy is paid attention to greatly in leading-edge fields such as Aero-Space, military project national defence.The Mg alloy has the requirement that advantage can satisfy current aircraft body structure material development as structural material, at present at aero-engine, aircraft and guided missile covering and a large amount of various castings and wrought magnesium alloys of adopting such as cabin body, undercarriage urceolus, satellite and storepipe.Adopt the Mg alloy not only can weight reduction as structural member, can also reduce cost greatly, for example artificial satellite whenever alleviates lkg, and carrier rocket can alleviate 500kg, can save 1,000 ten thousand dollars.The Mg alloy is being realized the weaponry lightweight as the structural metallic materials of lightweight, and improving each phase tactical qualities aspect of weaponry will play an important role.For example in materials such as the firearms of the aluminum alloy part that uses larger amt and engineering plastics spare, armored vehicle, guided missile, artillery, photoelectric instrument, adopt the Mg alloy to make correlated parts,, be at present fully feasible technically.Along with improving constantly of Mg alloy preparation, process technology, the Mg alloy will be more widely used in the every profession and trade in future, for the strategy of sustainable development of China provides important resource to guarantee.
Along with increasing rapidly that magnesium and magnesium alloy are used in every profession and trade, the connectivity problem of magnesium and magnesium alloy causes people's very big concern, but because the welding performance of magnesium and magnesium alloy is bad, be difficult to realize connecting reliably, therefore being connected of magnesium alloy and magnesium alloy and other materials structural member, become technical bottleneck that the restriction magnesium alloy uses and anxious key technology to be solved.A kind of as in the material method of attachment of soldering is the interconnection technique of a precision in the current high-tech, is widely used in many industries.Different with fusion welding method, it has adopted the solder lower than mother metal fusion temperature, and solder is molten into liquid state and mother metal remains solid-stately during soldering, relies on to diffuse to form metallurgical binding mutually between liquid solder and solid-state mother metal, obtains firm joint.With respect to melting welding and pressure welding, soldering has the advantage of many uniquenesses.Therefore, the structure that the difficult resistance of other welding method of many usefulness is arranged even can't connect adopts soldering but can solve.And under many circumstances, soldering can guarantee that weldment has higher reliability.Yet, relatively melting welding and pressure welding technology, the intensity of soldered fitting is general lower, the shortcoming of temperature capacity difference also clearly, therefore, soldering is suitable for connecting the weldment of precision, miniature, complicated, many brazed seam, foreign peoples's material.
In recent years, the welding research of magnesium alloy had obtained certain progress, but the magnesium alloy brazing technology also is not very ripe, and casting and the method for welding of extrusion magnesium alloy mainly contain in gas brazing, the stove that pricker is defended, dip brazing etc.Along with the sharp increase that the nineties in 20th century, magnesium alloy was used, magnesium alloy brazing has caused people's interest, particularly because in the application of space industry as light body structure material.Some researchers study argon arc welding (TIG, MIG), electron beam welding (EBW), Laser Welding (LBW) and the friction stir welding (FSW) etc. of magnesium alloy and magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy in recent years, from the solder aspect, do not have the magnesium of extensive use to give up the solder that gold solder connects, use from industrial practical large-scale and still have suitable distance.Application number is that 201110000830.0 Chinese patent application discloses a kind of Al-Mg-Zn magnesium alloy brazing solder, and it adopts the solvent Protection Code to carry out the brazing filler metal alloy melting, is cast into ingot casting, adopts machinery to cut apart then solder is divided into rectangular bulk.The preparation method of present most of magnesium alloy solders all is will the different-alloy ingot to obtain by mechanical means after the heating melting again, however the loss that this preparation method will inevitably raw material, and the smelting equipment cost is high and need special messenger's periodic maintenance.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the MIG welding method of magnesium alloy, the solder that this magnesium alloy welding method adopts need not metallurgical melting preparation.
The invention provides a kind of MIG welding method of magnesium alloy, comprise the steps:
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following raw material proportioning, choose the raw material of corresponding parts by weight:
Al 29~37
Zn 15~23
Mg 6~9
Na
3AlF
6 4~7
(2) the Mg powder in the above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out the liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps being handled, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in the raw material
3AlF
6Fully mix, place drying baker then, dry 40~60min under 100 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose the Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to the strip that thickness is 1 ~ 2mm through 4-roller hot-rolling mill, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is prefabricated is preheated to 110 ℃ in advance, and coat lubricant at roller surface, protective gas is argon gas;
(5) the Mg-Mn alloy band that makes for above-mentioned steps by the band of mechanical means intercepting certain-length and width, is made into to roll into again and has the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) make in step 5) add a certain amount of step 1-3 in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip) mixed-powder that makes, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 0.8 ~ 1.2:1, opening overlap joint back with slender U-shaped alloy strip seals again, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy solder blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, employing cold drawing method is carried out wire drawing to the magnesium alloy solder blank of step 6), carries out three drawings operation at least, and each deformation rate is no more than 25%, makes the magnesium alloy brazing solder that diameter is 0.5 ~ 2mm at last;
C, welding
(8) get 2-4mm magnesium alloy plate to be welded, remove the greasy dirt on plate to be welded surface with acetone earlier, and then with sand paper mechanical grinding plate to be welded, making 20~30mm scope interior polishing in its both sides expose metallic luster;
(9) to weldment just, the back side logical argon shield 30~50s simultaneously, protective gas is purity greater than 99.98% argon gas; The electric arc that ignites in the joint, technological parameter is: background current 40A~60A, wire feed rate 850-950mm/min, pulse frequency 65Hz~75Hz,
(10) after welding finishes, continue logical argon shield 2-4min.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: at first, the present invention is in the preparation of brazing solder, make the solder mixed-powder earlier, adopt magnesium ribbon parcel powder again, and make solder through the cold drawing method, can adjust diameter and the length of final brazing solder as required, whole process is not carried out melt process to raw material, therefore avoided the loss of raw material in fusing ingot casting process, and need not smelting equipment, preparation technology is simple.Secondly, the present invention tests by a large amount of in the selection of material, finally draws mentioned component and distributes rationally, wherein Na
3AlF
6As activator, play the magnesian effect of fusion in the brazing process.At last, the present invention adopts ball-milling treatment to Mg powder, Zn powder and Al powder, further reduces powder size and makes its activation, can improve the intensity of sintered body, improves its percentage elongation.
The specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, and illustrating marked improvement of the present invention and substantive distinguishing features, but the present invention only is confined to embodiment by no means.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following raw material proportioning, choose the raw material of corresponding parts by weight:
Al 29
Zn 23
Mg 6
Na
3AlF
6 7
(2) the Mg powder in the above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out the liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps being handled, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in the raw material
3AlF
6Fully mix, place drying baker then, dry 40~60min under 100 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose the Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to the strip that thickness is 1mm through 4-roller hot-rolling mill, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is prefabricated is preheated to 110 ℃ in advance, and coat lubricant at roller surface, protective gas is argon gas;
(5) the Mg-Mn alloy band that makes for above-mentioned steps by the band of mechanical means intercepting certain-length and width, is made into to roll into again and has the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) make in step 5) add a certain amount of step 1-3 in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip) mixed-powder that makes, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 0.8:1, opening overlap joint back with slender U-shaped alloy strip seals again, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy solder blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, employing cold drawing method is carried out wire drawing to the magnesium alloy solder blank of step 6), carries out three drawings operation at least, and each deformation rate is no more than 25%, makes the magnesium alloy brazing solder that diameter is 0.8mm at last;
Embodiment 2
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following raw material proportioning, choose the raw material of corresponding parts by weight:
Al 32
Zn 119
Mg 7
Na
3AlF
6 6
(2) the Mg powder in the above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out the liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps being handled, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in the raw material
3AlF
6Fully mix, place drying baker then, dry 40~60min under 100 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose the Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to the strip that thickness is 1.5mm through 4-roller hot-rolling mill, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is prefabricated is preheated to 110 ℃ in advance, and coat lubricant at roller surface, protective gas is argon gas;
(5) the Mg-Mn alloy band that makes for above-mentioned steps by the band of mechanical means intercepting certain-length and width, is made into to roll into again and has the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) make in step 5) add a certain amount of step 1-3 in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip) mixed-powder that makes, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 1:1, opening overlap joint back with slender U-shaped alloy strip seals again, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy solder blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, employing cold drawing method is carried out wire drawing to the magnesium alloy solder blank of step 6), carries out three drawings operation at least, and each deformation rate is no more than 25%, makes the magnesium alloy brazing solder that diameter is 1.2mm at last;
Embodiment 3
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following raw material proportioning, choose the raw material of corresponding parts by weight:
Al 37
Zn 15
Mg 9
Na
3AlF
6 4
(2) the Mg powder in the above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out the liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and the ball milling time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps being handled, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in the raw material
3AlF
6Fully mix, place drying baker then, dry 40~60min under 100 ℃ ± 10 ℃ temperature, protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose the Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to the strip that thickness is 1 ~ 2mm through 4-roller hot-rolling mill, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is prefabricated is preheated to 110 ℃ in advance, and coat lubricant at roller surface, protective gas is argon gas;
(5) the Mg-Mn alloy band that makes for above-mentioned steps by the band of mechanical means intercepting certain-length and width, is made into to roll into again and has the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) make in step 5) add a certain amount of step 1-3 in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip) mixed-powder that makes, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 1.2:1, opening overlap joint back with slender U-shaped alloy strip seals again, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy solder blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, employing cold drawing method is carried out wire drawing to the magnesium alloy solder blank of step 6), carries out three drawings operation at least, and each deformation rate is no more than 25%, makes the magnesium alloy brazing solder that diameter is 1.6mm at last;
Embodiment 4
Welding piece is the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate of thickness 1. 7 mm, adopts the brazing solder of embodiment 1, adopts following steps then:
Earlier remove the greasy dirt on plate to be welded surface with acetone, and then with sand paper mechanical grinding plate to be welded, making 20~30mm scope interior polishing in its both sides expose metallic luster;
To weldment just, the back side logical argon shield 30~50s simultaneously, protective gas is purity greater than 99.98% argon gas; The electric arc that ignites in the joint, technological parameter is: background current 40A~60A, wire feed rate 850-950mm/min, pulse frequency 65Hz~75Hz,
After welding finishes, continue logical argon shield 2-4min.
Embodiment 5
Welding piece is the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate of thickness 2. 5 mm, adopts the brazing solder of embodiment 1, and all the other steps are with embodiment 4;
Embodiment 6
Welding piece is the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate of thickness 3.5 mm, adopts the brazing solder of embodiment 1, adopts following steps then:
At last soldered fitting is carried out shear strength test and hot strength test, the shearing strength of joint test method is carried out according to GB11363.89 (soldered fitting Strength Testing Methods), and the test specimen of postwelding is measured the shearing strength of joint at the MTS8l0 testing machine for mechanical properties.During test, the anchor clamps translational speed 0.5mm/s of clamping, data transfer rate 5.0 points, second, 18 ℃ of temperature, the load that applies during the record joint breaking.
The joint tensile strength test method is to utilize the line cutting that prepared soldered fitting is cut into the tensile sample size that GB11363-89 (soldered fitting Strength Testing Methods) stipulates, makes weld seam placed in the middle, and with sand paper cut surface is polished.Tension test is carried out at the MTS810 testing machine for mechanical properties, the anchor clamps translational speed 0.5mm/s of clamping, 5.0 point/seconds of data transfer rate, 18 ℃ of temperature, the load that applies during the record joint breaking.
Last experimental result such as following table
|
Shear strength (Mpa) |
Hot strength (Mpa) |
Embodiment 4 |
75 |
84 |
Embodiment 5 |
76 |
82 |
Embodiment 6 |
72 |
89 |