CN103257181B - Sheet metal defect detecting device and method under a kind of high-speed motion state - Google Patents
Sheet metal defect detecting device and method under a kind of high-speed motion state Download PDFInfo
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- CN103257181B CN103257181B CN201310198594.7A CN201310198594A CN103257181B CN 103257181 B CN103257181 B CN 103257181B CN 201310198594 A CN201310198594 A CN 201310198594A CN 103257181 B CN103257181 B CN 103257181B
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Abstract
The invention discloses sheet metal defect detecting device and method under a kind of high-speed motion state, form primarily of computing machine, high-speed motion device, probe, signal conditioning circuit, capture card and direct supply; This device adopts direct supply to drive probe, and sheet metal is fixed on high-speed motion device, and at the uniform velocity by probe; Between sheet metal and probe, during cutting magnetic field, can produce induction current in sheet metal because of relative motion, induction current produces secondary magnetic field again thus changes space magnetic field size; If existing defects in sheet metal, induced electricity fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and changes, thus changes magnetic field size; In probe, changes of magnetic field measured by magnetic field sensor, outputs signal and be input to computing machine after signal conditioning circuit and capture card, through data analysis identifiable design sheet metal defect; These apparatus and method can be used for the quality of sheet metal and the Non-Destructive Testing of in-service state and assessment, have wide market outlook.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sheet metal defect detecting device and method under a kind of high-speed motion state, belong to technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Sheet metal is the huge starting material of basic industries demand, is the important feature material of the industry such as engineering machinery, spacecraft, military aircraft, rocket-powered missile, boats and ships naval vessels.But for different applications, whether sheet metal will strictly detect according to demand wherein containing the defect affecting usability in process.Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is a kind of detection means implementing not damage, do not affect usability on workpiece, is widely used in the fields such as product design, Material selec-tion, processing and manufacturing, product inspection, stock's reinspection, maintenance.At present, Non-Destructive Testing has become a kind of compulsive measures in a lot of fields, to ensure the safe operation of product quality and in-service equipment.
Conventional sheet metal defect inspection method mainly contains supercritical ultrasonics technology, x-ray method, eddy-current method.Supercritical ultrasonics technology mainly contains pulse reflection method, through transmission technique and resonant method, is the lossless detection method be most widely used at present.But, ensure surface of test piece totally smooth before supercritical ultrasonics technology detects, and need to be coated with couplant in surface of test piece, can not be subject to extraneous factor impact make moist or contaminated time, otherwise the mechanical strength of measurand and the stable of size can be affected, cannot on-line checkingi be realized.X-ray method is the decay that utilizes ray in material and produces photochemical action to some object and carry out, have highly sensitive, intuitive and reliable, reproducible, but testing cost is high, the time is long, a large amount of slice, thin pieces of shooting need experienced staff to differentiate, cannot on-line checkingi, and need to take Radiation Exposure.The principle of work of eddy-current method is Faraday's electromagnetic induction law, has that cost is low, speed is fast, without the need to advantages such as couplants, but eddy-current method affects by skin effect, is only applicable to carry out Non-Destructive Testing and assessment to sheet metal surface and nearly surperficial situation.
Prior art is compared, and the invention has the advantages that: speed is fast, without the need to couplant, safe and efficient etc., particularly adopt direct supply drive coil to produce magnetic field, therefore the distribution in magnetic field is by the impact of skin effect; The electric current responding to generation in sheet metal is relevant with movement velocity, and therefore can increase induction current by improving movement velocity, the method that the present invention proposes not only can improve the detection degree of depth, also can improve instrumental sensitivity and detection efficiency simultaneously.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) has not to be affected by skin effect, large wall thickness sheet material deep zone defect can be detected and detect; (2) detection speed is faster, and sensitivity is higher; (3) online Non-Destructive Testing and assessment can be carried out to sheet metal; (4) detection speed fast, without the need to couplant, the advantage such as safe and efficient.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the invention provides sheet metal defect detecting device and method under a kind of high-speed motion state, have do not affect by skin effect, speed is fast, without the need to couplant, the advantage such as safe and efficient, can carry out online the defect of sheet metal, at a high speed, high-precision Non-Destructive Testing and assessment.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts sheet metal defect detecting device under a kind of high-speed motion state, comprises direct supply, probe, signal conditioning circuit, capture card, computing machine and high-speed motion device; Direct supply connects probe input end, probe exports termination signal conditioning circuit input end, signal conditioning circuit output terminal is connected with computing machine through capture card, and computing machine connects the input end of high-speed motion device; Described probe is eddy current probe, is made up of iron core, coil, Hall element and circuit board, and coil is around on iron core, and Hall element is fixed on circuit board, and circuit board is fixed on iron core lower end.
Sheet metal defect inspection method under a kind of high-speed motion state, comprises following steps:
1) use described pick-up unit measurement standard sheet material test specimen, the dissimilar artificial defect wherein containing precognition in standard plate test specimen, and be placed on high-speed motion device, under uniform motion, gather the output signal comprising defect information;
2) principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted to extract the principal character of different defect output signal;
3) apply support vector machine method and set up defect classification model;
4) adopt described in pick-up unit measure the signal of the sheet material test specimen to be measured of unknown defect, utilize step 2) described method extracts its principal character, and adopts step 3) defect in the Model Identification sheet material test specimen to be measured set up.
Step 3) in from often kind of standard metal sheet material, choose the training set of the sample composition modeling of 70%, then adopt support vector machine method to set up the disaggregated model of sheet metal according to defect kind; By the sample of remaining 30% composition checking collection, call the disaggregated model of the sheet metal defect set up, obtain the classification of checking collection sample.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of popping one's head in apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of Hall element in apparatus of the present invention probe.
In figure: 1, iron core, 2, coil, 3, Hall element, 4, circuit board.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, sheet metal defect detecting device under high-speed motion state of the present invention, comprises direct supply, probe, signal conditioning circuit, capture card, computing machine and high-speed motion device; Direct supply connects probe input end, probe exports termination signal conditioning circuit input end, signal conditioning circuit output terminal is connected with computing machine through capture card, and computing machine connects the input end of high-speed motion device; As shown in Figures 2 and 3: pop one's head in as eddy current probe, be made up of iron core 1, coil 2, Hall element 3 and circuit board 4, coil 2 is around on iron core 1, and Hall element 3 is fixed on circuit board 4, and circuit board 4 is fixed on iron core 1 lower end.
During detection: probe is placed in above sheet metal, sheet metal moves with uniform velocity under the control of high-speed motion device, direct supply is adopted to drive the coil 2 in probe to produce magnetic field, coil 2 is around on iron core 1 to strengthen magnetic field, application Hall element 3 measures magnetic field, and Hall element 3 outputs signal and be input to computing machine after signal conditioning circuit and capture card.
Direct supply for probe coil 2 continuous-current excitation is provided, to produce stationary magnetic field, computing machine controls sheet metal by high-speed motion device and makes uniform motion, thus in sheet metal, induction current is produced, induction current produces magnetic field again, thus affect the size in former magnetic field, in probe, adopt Hall element 3 to detect magnetic field, probe output is input in computing machine through signal conditioning circuit and capture card and does further process.
According to Theory of Electromagnetic Field, in EDDY CURRENT, the computing formula of length of penetration δ is as follows:
Wherein f is excitation frequency, and μ is the magnetic permeability of material, and σ is the conductivity of material.When carrying out eddy current detection, the detection carrying out deep defects necessarily requires length of penetration δ to be not less than depth of defect.Therefore, when the depth of defect of the sheet metal that need be detected increases, must reduce excitation frequency, defect is darker, and the frequency of requirement is also lower.Frequency is lower, and inductive loop density is more weak, causes vortex field to change little, i.e. sensitivity decrease.Relation between inductive loop density J and exciting field is as follows
J＝jωA
Wherein, A is vector magnetic potential, and ω is excitation angular frequency.Therefore in order to break away from skin effect impact, the present invention adopts DC source of energization, and so then the distribution in magnetic field is not by the impact of skin effect.
Sheet metal defect detecting device of the present invention carries out work based on motion eddy effect, coil 2 in probe adopts DC power supply to produce stationary magnetic field, when having relative motion between probe and detected sheet metal, field signal in sheet metal can change, thus induction generation current, the current density produced by exercise effect is σ V × (▽ × A), therefore current density can be increased by improving movement velocity, not only can improve the detection degree of depth, and sensitivity and detection efficiency can be improved.
Time in tested sheet metal containing defectiveness, the electric current produced in sheet metal also can be affected, faradic change can change the secondary magnetic field of generation conversely, and then affect the size of space magnetic field, therefore, when constant airspeed, the change of space magnetic field contains the defect information in sheet metal.
As shown in Figure 3: the Hall element 3 described in pick-up unit carries out work based on Hall effect, and the Hall voltage produced is determined by following formula:
U
H＝K
HIB
Wherein K
hbe the sensitivity of Hall element, I is the control electric current of Hall element, and B is the magnetic field in the space residing for Hall element.Hall element 3 determines, then K
hbe constant, when adding a constant control electric current to Hall element 3, then the output signal U of Hall element 3
honly relevant with space magnetic field, this is the principle that application Hall element measures magnetic field.The control electric current of Hall element adopts DC power supply, therefore I is constant, then the output signal of Hall element 3 is only relevant with space magnetic field, and magnetic field contains defect information, so the output signal of Hall element 3 directly reflects the defect information in sheet metal.
Sheet metal defect inspection method under a kind of high-speed motion state, comprises following steps:
1) use described pick-up unit measurement standard sheet material test specimen, the dissimilar artificial defect wherein containing precognition in standard plate test specimen, and be placed on high-speed motion device, under uniform motion, gather the output signal comprising defect information;
2) principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted to extract the principal character of different defect output signal;
3) apply support vector machine method and set up defect classification model;
4) adopt described in pick-up unit measure the signal of the sheet material test specimen to be measured of unknown defect, utilize step 2) described method extracts its principal character, and adopts step 3) defect in the Model Identification sheet material test specimen to be measured set up.
Step 3) in from often kind of standard metal sheet material, choose the training set of the sample composition modeling of 70%, then adopt support vector machine method to set up the disaggregated model of sheet metal according to defect kind; By the sample of remaining 30% composition checking collection, call the disaggregated model of the sheet metal defect set up, obtain the classification of checking collection sample, defect type actual with it contrasts, and obtains the accuracy that model is differentiated sheet metal defect kind.
Claims (3)
1. a sheet metal defect detecting device under high-speed motion state, comprises direct supply, probe, signal conditioning circuit, capture card, computing machine and high-speed motion device; It is characterized in that, direct supply connects probe input end, probe exports termination signal conditioning circuit input end, signal conditioning circuit output terminal is connected with computing machine through capture card, computing machine connects the input end of high-speed motion device; Described probe is eddy current probe, be made up of iron core (1), coil (2), Hall element (3) and circuit board (4), coil (2) is around on iron core (1), and Hall element (3) is fixed on circuit board (4), and circuit board (4) is fixed on iron core (1) lower end.
2. a sheet metal defect inspection method under high-speed motion state, is characterized in that, comprise following steps:
1) use the pick-up unit measurement standard sheet material test specimen described in claim 1, the dissimilar artificial defect wherein containing precognition in standard plate test specimen, and be placed on high-speed motion device, under uniform motion, gather the output signal comprising defect information;
2) principal component analysis (PCA) is adopted to extract the principal character of different defect output signal;
3) apply support vector machine method and set up defect classification model;
4) adopting pick-up unit according to claim 1 to measure the signal of the sheet material test specimen to be measured of unknown defect, utilize step 2) described method extracts its principal character, and the defect in the Model Identification adopting step 3) to set up sheet material test specimen to be measured.
3. sheet metal defect inspection method under a kind of high-speed motion state according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, from often kind of standard metal sheet material, choose the training set of the sample composition modeling of 70% in described step 3), then adopt support vector machine method to set up the disaggregated model of sheet metal according to defect kind; By the sample of remaining 30% composition checking collection, call the disaggregated model of the sheet metal defect set up, obtain the classification of checking collection sample.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN110057904A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of defect quantitative detection method and device moving metal component |
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| CN103760229B (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2016-03-30 | 天津大学 | Based on the weld defects giant magnetoresistance eddy current detection method of support vector machine |
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| CN107422029B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-11-03 | 陕西科技大学 | Device and method for accurately detecting defects of metal plate |
| CN107403428B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2018-12-18 | 连云港美步家居有限公司 | Plate defect recognition methods and device |
| CN107388953A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-24 | 苏州昌田机械设备制造有限公司 | A kind of coating for metal surfaces Thickness measuring instrument |
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| CN108375627A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-08-07 | 东莞市慧眼数字技术有限公司 | Intelligent terminal for damaged metal detection |
| CN109188533B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-08-14 | 中国科学院信息工程研究所 | Detection method, device and equipment of electronic equipment |
| CN110058044A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-26 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of magnetic strength speed measuring equipment and steel plate speed measurement method |
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