CN103176276B - Image display device and method - Google Patents
Image display device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103176276B CN103176276B CN201110429526.8A CN201110429526A CN103176276B CN 103176276 B CN103176276 B CN 103176276B CN 201110429526 A CN201110429526 A CN 201110429526A CN 103176276 B CN103176276 B CN 103176276B
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Abstract
The invention provides an image display device and method. Moire interference which is always only capable of displaying simple and repetitive patterns is utilized; parallax composition images and frame composition images are utilized to generate moire fringes; and accordingly three-dimensional display or animation display can be performed even observations are performed from an angle of a wide range. The image display device is provided with a convex lens assembly and a display portion, wherein a plurality of convex lenses with stated lens separation distances Px are arranged on a plane of the convex lens assembly along at least a direction Dx (x stands for a subscript of a direction); the display portion which is configured on focal planes of the convex lenses or near the focal planes along the planes displays as a plurality of element images which are different from the Px and image separation distances wx are arranged along the direction Dx; the display portion enables the moire fringes which are formed by separation distance deviation between the plurality of convex lenses and the plurality of element images to perform the three-dimensional display as images; and the element images are formed by sets of a plurality of parallax composition images n - 1, n and n + 1.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to device and method that image is shown as Moire fringe by the two-dimensional lens array, biconvex lens etc. that use multiple convex lens to arrange along at least one direction.
Background technology
Otherwise the Moire fringe projection that there will be a known the grid pattern observing the mode configured in parallel generated to separate predetermined distance or the phenomenon caved inward.In addition, as we all know there are the below configuration cycle pattern at two-dimensional lens array, biconvex lens, display has the Moire fringe of depth and is used in the technology (patent documentation 1 ~ 7) of the display of attracting sight.Further, the technology (patent documentation 8) that shown pattern is changed also is known to.
On the other hand, there will be a known and the image be made up of the set of parallax component image is configured to rectangular in two dimension, by observing this image through lens arra, this image being shown as the technology (patent documentation 9) of stereo-picture.
Patent documentation 1: U.S. Patent application No. 2007/0097111 instructions
Patent documentation 2: the flat 11-189000 publication of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication
Patent documentation 3: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2001-55000 publication
Patent documentation 4: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2001-180198 publication
Patent documentation 5: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2002-46400 publication
Patent documentation 6: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2002-120500 publication
Patent documentation 7: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2003-220173 publication
Patent documentation 8: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2003-226099 publication
Patent documentation 9: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2008-249809 publication
But, utilize the technology of above-mentioned Moire fringe all only the single pattern such as geometric scheme, multiimage to be carried out as Moire fringe the technology that shows, do not use parallax component image to carry out stereo display.Further, also frame display do not carried out to Moire fringe and make it as dynamic image, animation and play function.
On the other hand, although although technology described in patent documentation 9 is through the image that corresponding multiple lens inspection comprise parallax component image, there is the problem that the viewing area of display stereo-picture is narrow.Particularly using the image comprising parallax component image to carry out in the technology of stereo display, when creating Moire fringe, removing Moire fringe becomes problem, and does not expect and utilize Moire fringe energetically.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of by using parallax component image or frame component-part diagram picture to produce Moire fringe, thus, even if from large-scale angle views, also can carry out image display device and the method for stereo display or animation display.
Image display device of the present invention possesses: convex lens aggregate, and this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
x(x is the subscript representing direction) is with the lenticular spacing P specified
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens; And, display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of described convex lens and along described configuration, show with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, the Moire fringe that spacing by described multiple convex lens and described multiple element images offsets and formed by this image display device carries out stereo display as image, and described element images is consisted of the set of multiple parallax component image.
By doing like this, owing to generating Moire fringe from the element images comprising parallax component image, therefore, it is possible at broad viewing area display stereo-picture.
Image display device of the present invention possesses: convex lens aggregate, and this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
x(x is the subscript representing direction) is with the lenticular spacing P specified
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens; And, display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of these convex lens and along described configuration, show with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, the Moire fringe that spacing by described multiple convex lens and multiple element images offsets and formed by this image display device carries out dynamic image display as image, and described element images is consisted of the set of multiple frame component-part diagram picture.
By doing like this, owing to generating Moire fringe from the element images comprising frame component-part diagram picture, therefore, it is possible at broad viewing area display animation.
The original image becoming display object distinguishes different multiple segmentation image constructions by parallax or frame, and different above-mentioned element images can comprise different above-mentioned segmentation images.
By doing like this, can observe through other convex lens the different segmentation image that different element images comprises, stereoscopic sensation, dynamic image can be obtained further.
The set of described element images is along described at least one direction D
xform periodic periodogram picture, described periodogram picture is formed in the following manner, and (i) from the original image becoming display object, and is that parallax or frame are different respectively and along described at least one direction D
xthere is image pitch w
0multiple segmentation images of x, segmentation or extraction are spaced apart k respectively
0multiple line image of x or dot image; (ii) at w
x≠ w
0when x, the interval of described line image or dot image is reduced or extracts as k
x(wherein, k
x=k
0x × (w
x/ w
0x)); (iii) described line image or the dot image of same described segmentation image will be belonged to, respectively with P
xinterval according to the segmentation order arrangement of this line image or dot image, and, with the adjacent described line image belonging to described segmentation image or dot image each other, according to the segmentation order of this segmentation image or the adjacent mode of the order contrary with this segmentation order, along described direction D
xbe arranged in described elemental image pitch w
xin.
Above-mentioned k can be set to
x=| P
x-w
x|.
By doing like this, due to the position of line image, dot image easily can be determined, therefore, it is possible to form periodogram picture simply.
Image display device also possesses makes the relative position of above-mentioned convex lens aggregate and above-mentioned element images along above-mentioned direction D
xthe travel mechanism of change, can change the image being exaggerated display.
By doing like this, even if not moving the viewpoint of observer, also can observe the space image after changing viewpoint, can dynamic image be observed.
Above-mentioned element images can rotate while carry out the described segmentation image taking or play up and obtain and formed with the angular interval specified around the axle specified successively by making the three dimensional object as described original image.
By doing like this, as the original image becoming display object, multiple segmentation images that parallax or frame are different respectively easily can be generated.
Method for displaying image of the present invention uses image display device, and described image display device possesses: convex lens aggregate, and this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
x(wherein, x is the subscript representing direction) is with the lenticular spacing P specified
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens; And, display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of described convex lens and along described configuration, show with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, and described element images is consisted of the set of multiple parallax component image, and the Moire fringe formed utilizing the spacing of described multiple convex lens and described multiple element images to offset carries out stereo display as image.
Method for displaying image of the present invention uses image display device, and described image display device possesses: convex lens aggregate, and this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
x(wherein, x is the subscript representing direction) is with the lenticular spacing P specified
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens; And, display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of these convex lens and along described configuration, show with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, and described element images is consisted of the set of multiple frame component-part diagram picture, and the Moire fringe formed utilizing the spacing of described multiple convex lens and described multiple element images to offset carries out dynamic image display as image.
According to the present invention, utilizing the existing moire that only can show simple repeat patterns, by using parallax component image, frame composition Computer image genration Moire fringe, thus, even if from large-scale angle views, also can carry out stereo display or animation display.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates that moire pattern has the figure of the principle of depth.
Fig. 2 is the use of the stereoscopic figure of the image display device involved by the first embodiment of the present invention of biconvex lens.
Fig. 3 illustrates that the image display device neutral body involved by the first embodiment amplifies the figure of the principle of display image.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the method that formative element image in the image display device involved by the first embodiment is shown.
Fig. 5 illustrates the method for formative element image and the figure be connected with Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the method that formative element image in the image display device involved by the second embodiment of the present invention is shown.
Fig. 7 illustrates the three dimensional object of shooting as original image, thus obtains the figure of the method for segmentation image.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the example that the periodogram picture be made according to the image utilizing the method for Fig. 7 to obtain is shown.
Fig. 9 is the figure of the image display device illustrated involved by the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the figure of the method that formative element image in the image display device involved by the 4th embodiment of the present invention is shown.
Figure 11 is the stereoscopic figure that the image display device involved by the 5th embodiment of the present invention employing two-dimensional lens array is shown.
Figure 12 is the figure showing the display image based on element images in the image display device involved by the 5th embodiment.
Figure 13 illustrates in the 5th embodiment, takes the three dimensional object as original image, thus obtains the figure of the method for segmentation image.
Figure 14 is the figure of the image display device illustrated involved by the 6th embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 15 illustrates that each convex lens are arranged in the figure of hexagonal two-dimensional lens array.
Figure 16 is the figure of the structure of the image display device illustrated involved by an example of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the figure of the configuration status that element images is shown.
Description of reference numerals:
7,16,22,24,28: convex lens aggregate; 8,8x, 17,20,23,25: the periodogram picture display part of image (configuration cycle); 10: original image; 10a ~ 10c, 12a, 21a: segmentation image; 14: object (object) (three dimensional object); 23i: element images; 30 ~ 32: actuator (mobile means); 100,110,120,130: image display device; N-1, n, n+1: line image or dot image.
Embodiment
First, with reference to Fig. 1, the principle can observing along with depth feelings the moire pattern that the lens arra (convex lens aggregate) such as biconvex lens, two-dimensional lens array and periodic pattern generate is described.As shown in Fig. 1 (a), near the focus face that periodic pattern 2 is placed in lens arra 1 or focus face, when the spacing w of periodic pattern 2 is less than the spacing p of lens arra 1, based on each lens of lens arra 1 unit cell pattern picture 3 distance lens the center of curvature 4 be distance L inboard overlap, this position observation intensified image.L in numerical expression 1 according to drawing from the center of curvature 4 to the distance d of periodic pattern 2, as enlargement ratio A draw in numerical expression 2.
Numerical expression 1
Numerical expression 2
On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), near the focus face that periodic pattern 5 is placed in lens arra 1 or focus face, when the spacing w of periodic pattern 5 is larger than the spacing p of lens arra 1, based on each lens of lens arra 1 unit cell pattern as 6 leave forward from the center of curvature 4 of lens distance (degree of depth) L location overlap, at the intensified image that this position detection stands upside down.Make L be the numerical value of subsidiary label, if side is negative in front of making, then same as described above, numerical expression 1 is set up, if utilize the negative value of enlargement ratio A to represent the handstand of picture, then numerical expression 2 is still set up.
But in existing display device, periodic pattern 2,5 is the patterns using identical pattern arrangement, or the pattern using shape slowly to change according to position.When periodic pattern is the arrangement of identical figure, the viewed image of eyes becomes simple repeat patterns, and this is the intensified image owing to being periodic pattern, therefore, it is possible to easily predict the outcome, the example in fact become commercialized is also more.On the other hand, when use pattern because of carry out observing position, angle difference and change periodic pattern, although eye impressions are strong, the relation between periodic pattern and the viewed display image of eyes is complicated, is difficult to design.Further, the change of pattern is defined in the simple changes such as rotation.
Therefore, the image that the present invention comprises parallax component image or frame (dynamic image) component-part diagram picture by use produces Moire fringe, thereby, it is possible at broad viewing area display stereo-picture or animation.
Figure 16 illustrates the structure of the image display device (the 5th embodiment described later) 120 involved by an example of the present invention.Image display device 120 possesses two-dimensional lens array (being equivalent to " the convex lens aggregate " of claims) 22 and display part 23.Two-dimensional lens array 22 is configured with multiple convex lens 22i in length and breadth in a matrix form.In addition, display part 23 is configured with element images 23i in length and breadth in a matrix form, and each convex lens 22i is corresponding with each element images 23i respectively to be arranged.Such as, each convex lens 22i is with spacing P
1transversely arranged along Figure 16, on the other hand, each element images 23i is with spacing w
1transversely arranged along Figure 16.And, P
1≠ w
1, and the Pareto diagram of element images 23i (being the square lattice of 4 × 4 when Figure 16) is with the similar shaped formation of the Pareto diagram (being the square lattice of 4 × 4 when Figure 16) to convex lens 22i, to form moire pattern.In addition, if lens are similar with the Pareto diagram of element images, then lens do not need similar to the pattern of element images each other, and such as, the convex lens 22i in Figure 16 is circular, and on the other hand, element images 23i also can be quadrangle.
In addition, the gathering of each element images 23i be periodogram as 23, periodogram is formed as 23 and is configured at the large image of below two-dimensional lens array 22 one, based on periodogram as 23 periodicity (spacing w
1) and produce moire pattern.Further, display part is the part of display cycle image 23, can be the panel etc. being printed with periodogram picture, also can be the liquid crystal indicator etc. of display cycle image.Below, do not distinguish display part and periodogram picture, and utilize same label (23 etc.) to represent.
In addition, each element images 23i is made up of the set of multiple parallax component image respectively.Therefore, the gathering (periodogram picture) of element images 23i forms moire pattern, and this moire pattern is three-dimensionally shown by parallax component image.
That is, set, i.e. the element images 23i of parallax component image penetrate different parallax component through each convex lens 22i to different directions.Now, in two of observer, being sent out different parallax component images, therefore, identifying stereo-picture by identifying this parallax component image.In addition, the parallax component image that element images 23i comprises is more than at least 2.
In addition, element images 23i can respectively by the image construction of multiple frame (dynamic image) composition.In this case, the set of element images 23i forms moire pattern, and this moire pattern is shown as dynamic image by frame component-part diagram picture.
That is, set, i.e. the element images 23i of frame component-part diagram picture penetrate different frame compositions through each convex lens 22i to different directions.Now, when observer moves, owing to being sent out different frame component-part diagram pictures in eye, therefore, identify animation by identifying this frame component-part diagram picture.
In addition, as shown in figure 17, along the one-period direction (D in Figure 17
1direction) when observing, adjacent element images 23i-1 ~ 23i-4 comprises image information when changing the original image of viewing point as display object respectively bit by bit, and along with changing viewpoint as described later, observing is the space image of parallax change.When carrying out animation display, element images 23i-1 ~ 23i-4 comprises the mobile action message as the original image of display object bit by bit, along with changing viewpoint as described later, observes the picture of action change.
Next, the example from any original image forming element image and periodogram picture is described.By doing like this, display image can be made to have desired function, implication, and display effect can be improved.
Fig. 2 is the stereoscopic figure of the image display device 100 involved by the first embodiment of the present invention.Image display device 100 possesses multiple convex lens with lenticular spacing P
1d in the horizontal direction
1the biconvex lens (being equivalent to " the convex lens aggregate " of claims) 7 of arrangement and periodogram are as 8 the display part of 8 (configuration cycle image).In addition, for image display device 100, convex lens are only along horizontal direction D
1arrangement, is equivalent to the situation of the subscript x=1 of the D of claims.Below, when direction increases (such as level and vertical direction), x=1,2 is set to ... to distinguish all directions.
In this image display device 100, in Fig. 1 (a), (b) in any one situation (namely, picture is present in the inboard of biconvex lens 7 or the situation of front side), as shown in Figure 3, from specific viewing point to image for the periodogram observed across each convex lens is as the set of 8 line images comprised (aftermentioned).In other words, if the display picture breakdown represented to each viewpoint is become line image, and being spaced with regulation, then these line images converge at a viewpoint from another convex lens respectively, are shown as original image.Specifically, display image l with r represented respectively to viewpoint L and R is resolved into the line image parallel with biconvex lens 7, as described later, respectively with spacing p ' (in this viewpoint, from adjacent lens inspection to the width of line image) separate configuration, as long as make the set of line image that is periodogram as 8 image pitch w
1for the width of Moire fringe.At this, if the distance to viewpoint is enough large compared with the thickness of image display device 100, then can think p '=P
1, the width of lambda of image (Moire fringe) utilizes several 3 to represent.
Several 3
Next, with reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, be described in detail forming the example of periodogram as the method for 8.In addition, in the first embodiment, P
1> w
1, | P
1-w
1|=k
1(k
1periodogram as the interval of the line image on 8), and make w
1for k
1integral multiple.In addition, image pitch w described later is set to
0=w
1, P
1=5, w
1=4, k
1=1.Such as, when using the biconvex lens of 40LPI, P
1=25.4mm/40=0.635mm, k
1=0.635mm/5=0.127mm.
In addition, k is worked as
x=| P
x-w
x| time, easily can determine the position of line image described later, dot image, therefore, there is the advantage that can form periodogram picture simply.
In the diagram, first, with image pitch w
0(repeatedly) configuration is as the three-dimensional original image (anaglyph or two field picture) amplifying the object of display, becomes the image of different parallaxes or the image of frame.Such as, be connect parallax from transverse direction (two-dimensional lens for horizontal and vertical) in advance or frame is different respectively and captured width is w
0image and the image obtained.In addition, when actual treatment, if connected in advance with multiple width of each angle shot for w
0image, then can select line image, dot image efficiently, without the need to open and close great amount of images.Particularly when two-dimensional lens, single treatment acquisition can be utilized and the point of configuration mesh.
And then, by configured original image 10 respectively along direction D
1image pitch is divided into be w
0multiple segmentation image 10a ~ 10c.At this, as original image 10, by use respectively from different viewing point to multiple images (segmentation image 10a ~ 10c described later), thus, original image 10 includes anaglyph, by from this original image 10 formative element image (parts of images of periodogram picture), thus, element images includes anaglyph.On the other hand, when dynamic image, as original image 10, prepare as long as same respectively from different viewing point to multiple images (segmentation image), or prepare multiple images (segmentation image) of time to time change.
In addition, image 10a ~ 10c is split along direction D
1arrange in order from left.Further, as the segmentation image of original image, width can be used for w
0multiple anaglyph or the direct generating period image of two field picture 10a ~ 10c.In this case, do not need to carry out above-mentioned dividing processing.
But, in the present invention, and whether carry out dividing processing and have nothing to do, parallax or the different respectively original image of frame are called " segmentation image ".
And, when convex lens aggregate is the biconvex lens of Fig. 2, segmentation image 10a ~ 10c is rectangular image, when convex lens aggregate is the square lens arra of Figure 11, segmentation image 10a ~ 10c is square image, when convex lens aggregate is the honeycomb lens of Figure 15, segmentation image 10a ~ 10c is hexagonal image.
Such as, next, along direction D
1segmentation image 10b is divided into and is spaced apart k
1multiple line image n.And then, respectively with P
1interval the line image n belonging to segmentation image 10b is arranged in immediately below lens.At this, line image n represents along direction D
1original image 10 is split to from left several n-th segmentation image 10b split further and the line image obtained.
In addition, although when convex lens aggregate is the biconvex lens of Fig. 2, form above-mentioned line image, when convex lens aggregate is two-dimensional lens array (the square lens arra of Figure 11, the honeycomb lens etc. of Figure 15), form dot image.
Similarly, segmentation image 10a is divided into is spaced apart k
1multiple line images (n-1), segmentation image 10c is divided into and is spaced apart k
1multiple line images (n+1), respectively with the interval of P1 along direction D
1arrange these line images.At this, belong to line image (n-1) of each segmentation image 10a ~ 10c, n, (n+1) be configured to according to the order contrary with the segmentation order of segmentation image 10a ~ 10c (that is, along direction D
1according to the order of (n+1), n from left) adjacent.
By doing like this, line image (n+1) is arranged in the left neighbour of line image n, and line image (n-1) is arranged in the right neighbour of line image n.Further, when along direction D
1arrange each line image until image pitch reaches w
1time, image pitch w
1the multiple line images comprised become an element images, and the gathering of multiple element images becomes periodogram as 8.
In addition, each line image (n-1), n, (n+1) are the parallax component images that parallax difference is different.And then, such as, in the diagram, by utilizing the picture of right eye sees L1, utilize left eye to observe the picture of c, thereby, it is possible to observation and then solid identify line image (n-1), n that parallax is different respectively.
Further, when dynamic image shows, each line image (n-1), n, (n+1) are the frame component-part diagram pictures that action difference is different.Further, such as in the diagram, moved to n from (n-1) by viewpoint, thereby, it is possible to observe action different respectively line image (n-1), n, can dynamic image be watched.
At this, as shown in Figure 5, each line image n according to this line image segmentation order respectively with P
1interval along direction D
1arrangement.This is because, as described later, when observing each line image n (four) via convex lens, because the gathering of these line images n, i.e. element images show as segmentation image 10b (marking in the drawings), therefore, if the segmentation order not maintaining line image arranges, then splitting image 10b can show in heterochiral mode.In addition, in Figure 5, (n)-4 refer in four line image n along direction D1 the 4th image from left to right.
And then, make line image (n+1) offset w to the right from line image n
1, equally respectively with the interval of P1 along direction D
1arrange this line image (n+1).Below, arrange each line image in the same way, line image adjoins according to the order that the segmentation order with segmentation image is contrary and arranges, and take image pitch as w
1image as an element images (also referred to as partial periodicity image).Such as, in the example of fig. 5, using the gathering that four line image n ~ (n-3) adjoins according to the order contrary with segmentation order and be arranged in as partial periodicity image 8a, using four gatherings that line image (n+1) ~ (n-2) adjoins according to the order contrary with segmentation order and be arranged in as partial periodicity image 8b.
Done like that by above-mentioned, define periodogram as 8 (partial periodicity image 8a, 8b ...), by observing periodogram as 8 through biconvex lens 7, thus, each segmentation image shows successively according to the segmentation order of original image 10.As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, adjacent segmentation image carries out continuous print change and shows.That is, the similarity due to adjacent segmentation image is high, and therefore, by observing these segmentation images in order, thus, display image can not be seriously out of shape, but become the image having and be slightly out of shape.Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), observe intensified image 11 and there is depth L.
Specifically, in the diagram, gathering, i.e. the segmentation image 10b of the n-th line image (four) can be observed from front C, (n-1), (n-2) individual segmentation image can be observed along direction D1 respectively from left side angle L1, L2, (n+1), (n+2) individual segmentation image can be observed along direction D1 respectively from right side angle R1, R2.That is, when along direction D
1when moving sight line from left to right, viewed image is according to the segmentation order change of original image.So, the character of the moir é pattern with depth can not be lost, and arbitrary image can be used as original image to display.Such as, when the object images of amplifying display is anaglyph, the intensified image of object images can be observed in the inboard of lens face, and parallax position and the space image that changes according to the observation can be observed.In addition, when the object images of amplifying display is the frame of dynamic image, the intensified image of object images can be observed in the inboard of lens face, and animation position according to the observation can observed and change.
In addition, as the original image becoming display object, as long as preparation parallax or frame distinguish different multiple segmentation image 10a ~ 10c (as mentioned above, this segmentation image can be segmentation original image 10, also can not split but directly be formed).And then, different element images (partial periodicity image) 8a, 8b can be made to comprise different segmentation images (such as, although element images 8a comprises (n-3) the individual line image belonging to specific segmentation image, but element images 8b can not comprise (n-3) individual line image, but comprise (n+1) the individual line image belonging to other segmentation image).
In addition, along direction D
1direction in, for original image, with w
0width cut out and be contracted to w
1width or after extracting, be amplified to (w
1× P
1).On the other hand, with direction D
1on vertical direction, not to the height H of original image
0process.Therefore, in order to make the width of shown image identical with original image with the ratio of height, need to be set to (w
1× p
1)/w
0=H
1/ H
0.That is, to the height H of original image
0zoom in or out process, to make the height H showing image
1=(w
1× P
1) × H
0/ w
0.
In addition, in the case of figure 4, there are four (w in line image n
1/ k), show above-mentioned four line image n respectively from four convex lens.The number of line image n is more, and the quantity for the convex lens of above-mentioned line image n display also increases, and display image is exaggerated.The number of line image n can be multiple.
In addition, in the above-described embodiment, although original image is divided into segmentation image, segmentation Iamge Segmentation is become line image, such as also directly can extract line image from original image.In addition, image also can be digital picture, in this case, when splitting or extract, in the pixel of required line image not with image pitch w
0interval deposit in case, the interpolations such as linear interpolation, recently interpolation also can be utilized to obtain line image from the pixel of surrounding.
Next, be described in detail forming the method for periodogram as 8x in the image display device involved by the second embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 6.In addition, the image display device involved by the second embodiment, except periodogram is as except 8x difference, has the structure identical with the first embodiment.In addition, in this second embodiment, P
1< w
1, | P
1-w
1|=k
1, and make w
1for k
1integral multiple.In addition, P is set to
1=5, w
1=6, k
1=1.Such as, when using the biconvex lens of 40LPI, P
1=25.4mm/40=0.635mm, k
1=0.635mm/5=0.127mm.
Due to P
1< w
1, therefore, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), when the second embodiment, observe intensified image 13 and give prominence to.
In figure 6, first, using as amplifying the original image of object of display respectively along direction D
1image pitch is divided into be w
0multiple segmentation images (only showing a segmentation image 12a in figure 6).Next, such as, image 10b will be split along direction D
1be divided into and be spaced apart k
1multiple line image n.And then, respectively with P
1interval along direction D
1arrangement belongs to the line image n of segmentation image 12a.Similarly, other segmentation images are also divided into multiple line image, respectively with P
1interval along direction D
1arrange these line images.At this, belong to each segmentation line image (n-1) of image, n, (n+1) be configured to segmentation order according to segmentation image (that is, along direction D
1from a left side according to the order of n, (n+1)) adjacent.
By doing like this, line image (n-1) is arranged in the left neighbour of line image n, and line image (n+1) is arranged in the right neighbour of line image n.And then, when along direction D
1arrange each line image until reach image pitch w
1time, image pitch w
1the multiple line images comprised become an element images, and the gathering of multiple element images becomes periodogram as 8x.Namely, in periodogram picture, due to line image according to segmentation image segmentation order arrangement and relative to reversing about original image, therefore, when the object images of the amplification display being periodically configured at original image is anaglyph, the intensified image 13 of object images is with P
1< w
1configuration give prominence to, also can observe the correct space image of parallax.
In addition, identical with Fig. 5, each line image n is respectively with P
1interval along direction D
1according to the segmentation order arrangement of this line image.This is because, when observing each line image n (being 6 in figure 6) via convex lens, because the gathering of these line images n, i.e. element images show as segmentation image, therefore, if the segmentation order not maintaining line image arranges, then show on the contrary about splitting image.
In the case of fig. 6, contrary with Fig. 5, make line image (n+1) offset w left from line image n
1.Thus, correct parallax can be provided when stereo display.This is because, seem that the parallax to the outstanding space image in the front of display surface is contrary with the parallax seemed towards the space image in display surface.When dynamic image, be not that parallax is contrary, but action movement is contrary.
And then, make line image (n+1) offset w left from line image n
1, and similarly respectively with P
1interval along direction D
1arrangement.Below, similarly arrange each line image, line image arranges so that the order that the segmentation order with segmentation image is identical is adjacent, with image pitch w
1image as an element images (partial periodicity image).That is, as long as along direction D
1from a left side with the order arranging line image of n, (n+1).
Specifically, in figure 6, can from front C observe the n-th line image (6) set, namely split image, can along direction D
1x(n+1), (n+2) individual segmentation image is observed respectively from left side angle L1, L2, can along direction D
1x(n-1), (n-2) individual segmentation image is observed respectively from right side angle R1, R2.That is, when along direction D
1xwhen moving sight line from left to right, viewed image changes according to the order that the segmentation order with original image is contrary.So, the character of the moir é pattern floated can not be damaged, arbitrary image can be used as shown original image.Such as, when the object images of amplifying display is anaglyph, the intensified image observing object images floats, and observes parallax position and the space image that changes according to the observation.Further, when the object images of amplifying display is the frame of dynamic image, the intensified image observing object images floats, and the animation observed position according to the observation and change.
As shown in Figure 7, as the method obtaining segmentation image, also the three dimensional object (destination object) 14 as object images can be made to rotate around the axle of regulation in order with the angular interval of regulation, and utilize camera 15 to take or utilize computer graphics to play up.Although original image is formed by arranging the different multiple anaglyph of above-mentioned angle in order along the direction of parallax change, also above-mentioned original image directly can be used as segmentation image.
By doing like this, the multiple segmentation images different by use angle carry out formative element image, can show the space image with three-dimensional parallax.What is called is played up and is referred to and utilize computer graphics according to the destination object data genaration two dimensional image on three dimensions.
At this, although to take use camera, the method played up is illustrated, if with the multiple video camera of identical principle configuration, more effectively can obtain image.
In addition, at P
1< w
1situation and P
1> w
1when, need the sense of rotation of reversion destination object 14 carry out pinch shadow or play up.
Fig. 8 illustrates the example of the periodogram picture utilizing the method for Fig. 7 to obtain.In addition, the left and right directions of Fig. 8 is direction D
1, each image is equivalent to element images.Periodogram due to Fig. 8 similarly is the continuous arrangement without discontinuous marginal downscaled images (element images), therefore, usually the restriction of the viewing area of biconvex image is not in, and, owing in fact also not needing the position alignment of biconvex lens and periodogram picture, be therefore very easy to process.
Next, with reference to Fig. 9, the image display device 110 involved by the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described.Image display device 110 possesses D in the horizontal direction
1be arranged with the biconvex lens 16 identical with the first embodiment of multiple convex lens, periodogram as 17 the display part of 17 (configuration cycle image) and actuator (mobile means) 30.Biconvex lens 16 is fixed, and is separated as 17 with periodogram.The periodogram of panel, liquid crystal indicator etc. can along direction D as 17
1mobile, and be installed on actuator 30.Actuator 30 can along direction D
1retreat, make periodogram as 17 along direction D
1mobile.Actuator 30 can adopt such as hydraulic cylinder, linear motor, step motor.
In the above-mentioned first and second embodiment, although display image switches (such as in the diagram, switching from angle L2 to R2) according to the angle of carrying out observing, in the third embodiment, by along direction D
1left and right change biconvex lens 16 and periodogram as 17 relative position, thereby, it is possible to make the image observed from same position (angle) change in order.By doing like this, image display device 110 can be made to have the function of animation display.
Such as, when the periodogram picture using space image according to Fig. 8 to generate, in fig .9, when be moved to the left relative to biconvex lens 16 periodogram as 17 time, the display image 18 with depth (is equivalent to the P of Fig. 4
1> w
1situation) be moved to the left while rotate, switch to be configured at mobile after the image of position.On the other hand, the display image 19 floated to front side (is equivalent to the P of Fig. 6
1< w
1situation) move right while rotate, switch to be configured at mobile after the image of position.If use the space image of Fig. 8, although display image is the rotation of destination object, if use the image of the time variations produced as the action of destination object as segmentation image, then also animation can be shown.
Next, be described forming the method for periodogram as 20 in the image display device involved by the 4th embodiment of the present invention with reference to Figure 10.In addition, for the image display device involved by the 4th embodiment, w
1≠ w
0, except periodogram is as except 20 differences, there is the structure identical with the first embodiment.In addition, in the 4th embodiment, P
1> w
1, be set to | P
1-w
1|=k
1, P
1=5.4, w
1=4.4, k
1=1.In this case, w
1be not set to k
1integral multiple.
In the 4th embodiment, due to w
1≠ w
0, therefore, a segmentation image 21a is divided into the interval k of multiple line image
0with layout line image thus to form spacing be w
1periodogram as 20 time the interval k of line image
1different.
Therefore, with interval k
0after segmentation image 21a is divided into line image, the interval of this line image is reduced or is taken into k
1(wherein, k
1=k
0× (w
x/ w
0)).Due to the interval of line image is set to k
1process is afterwards identical with the first embodiment, therefore omits the description.
In addition, as the 4th embodiment, at P
1, w
1not pixel wide (k
1) integral multiple when, even if will k be spaced apart
1line image (such as 1 pixel) be configured to P
1width (such as 5.4 pixels), due to want configure position be not location of pixels, therefore cannot directly configure.But, obtain, therefore, as long as P from segmentation image owing to wanting the pixel value of the position be configured
1each interior pixel can use its value to be determined by interpolation.If select the method, due to real number value can be selected as P
1and w
1, therefore, it is possible to freely at random set the depth L of numerical expression 1, the multiplying power A of several 2.
Next, with reference to Figure 11, the image display device 120 involved by the 5th embodiment of the present invention is described.Image display device 120 possesses D in the horizontal direction
1and vertical direction D
2respectively with lenticular spacing P
1and P
2be arranged with the two-dimensional lens array (convex lens aggregate) 22 of multiple convex lens and periodogram as 23 the display part of 23 (configuration cycle image).That is, when the 5th embodiment, D in the horizontal direction
1and vertical direction D
2on using periodogram as 23 as Moire fringe solid amplify display.In addition, although P in the two-dimensional lens array 22 of Figure 11
1=P
2=P, is arranged with convex lens in square lattice shape, but also can be set to P1 ≠ P2, in rectangular clathrate arrangement convex lens.
Next, with reference to Figure 12 to based on periodogram as 23 display image be described.In addition, P
1> w
1, P
2> w
2, | P
1-w
1|=k
1, | P
2-w
2|=k
2(k
1, k
2for periodogram is as the interval of the line image on 23), and make w
1for k
1integral multiple, make w
2for k
2integral multiple.In addition, the subscript 1,2 of P, w, k represents horizontal direction D respectively
1and vertical direction D
2.
When the 5th embodiment, periodogram as 23 by along direction D
1and D
2with each spacing w
1, w
2each width of arrangement is w
1, lengthwise is w
2multiple element images form.
In this case, split in length and breadth by original image, segmentation image is split as dot image in direction by edge in length and breadth further.And then, as shown in figure 12, on periodogram picture, at direction D
1line image n and direction D
2position of intersecting point (n, m) the collocation point image of line image m.Identical with Fig. 4, owing to being also configured with the interval of lenticular spacing in this case, therefore, due in the configuration of both direction in length and breadth, therefore, multiple dot image is configured to the square lattice shape along direction maintenance interval P in length and breadth.Further, the dot image of (n+1, m+1) in Figure 12 also obtains in the same fashion and configures.As mentioned above, if the acquisition of dot image repeatedly, configuration, then two-dimensional lens array periodogram picture can be obtained.
At this, as obtaining for generating two dimensional image, i.e. periodogram as the method for segmentation image of 23, be described with reference to the method for Figure 13 to reference object image that is three dimensional object (destination object) 14.
First, determine the anglec of rotation centered by transverse axis x, determine m.Such as, m=1 is determined.For a series of segmentation image utilizing the transverse direction of n order of representation, destination object 14 rotated in order centered by Z-axis y and takes and even post-processing object object 14, thus obtaining segmentation image (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) ...This is identical with the situation of the display device being used in biconvex lens illustrated in fig. 7.Then, rotate centered by transverse axis x, as above-mentioned identical, determine m in order, destination object 14 is rotated in order centered by Z-axis y and takes and even post-processing object object 14, thus obtain segmentation image (2,1) (2,2) (2 in order, 3) ..., (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) ...If the segmentation image so generated is divided into dot image as shown in Figure 12 respectively, and formed periodogram picture with the configuration of the interval of P, then the picture of destination object becomes and to have the space image of three-dimensional parallax up and down.
At this, although be illustrated, if according to the identical multiple video camera of principle two-dimensional arrangements, then more effectively image can be obtained the shooting of use camera, the method played up.
In addition, identical with the example of Fig. 7, at P
1< w
1situation and P
1> w
1when, need the sense of rotation reversing destination object 14 to carry out taking or playing up.
In addition, although Figure 12 is the figure configuration of Fig. 4 being expanded to two dimension, is p > w and the type of picture can be observed in inboard.But also can make equally and the configuration of Fig. 6 (p < w) expanded to two dimension and the device of picture can be observed in front, in addition, as shown in Figure 10, also can utilize the method for making that degree of freedom is high.
Next, with reference to Figure 14, the image display device 130 involved by the 6th embodiment of the present invention is described.Image display device 130 possess two-dimensional lens array 24, two dimensional image and the periodogram identical with the 5th embodiment as 25 the display part of 25 (configuration cycle image) and actuator (mobile means) 31,32.Two-dimensional lens array 24 is fixed, and is separated as 25 with periodogram.The periodogram of panel, liquid crystal indicator etc. is positioned in as 25 can separately along direction D
1and
don the xy worktable 33 of 2 movements.In addition, xy worktable 33 is installed on actuator 31,32, and actuator 31 can along direction D
1retreat, actuator 32 can along direction D
2retreat.Therefore, actuator 31,32 is utilized to make xy worktable 33 and periodogram as 17 along direction D
1and D
2mobile.Actuator 31,32 can select such as hydraulic cylinder, linear motor, step motor.
Identical with above-mentioned 3rd embodiment, the 6th embodiment passes through along direction D
1and D
2at least one direction change two-dimensional lens array 24 and periodogram as 25 relative position, thereby, it is possible to make the image observed from identical position (angle) change successively.If done like this, then image display device 130 can be made to have the function of animation display.
Such as, in fig. 14, when along direction D
1and D
2during moving period's image 25, the display image 26 with depth (is equivalent to the P of Fig. 4
1> w
1situation) while move while rotate along with periodogram as 25 identical directions, thus switch to be configured at mobile after the image of position.
In addition, as shown in figure 15, as two-dimensional lens array 28, each convex lens also can be used to be arranged in hexagonal lens arra.In this case, along direction D
1, D
2and D
3respectively with lenticular spacing P
1, P
2and P
3(not shown) arranges multiple convex lens.In addition, the hexagonal element images forming periodogram picture is configured to the shape (namely cellular) similar to the configuration of the convex lens of two-dimensional lens array chip 28.
Can cellular multiple camera shooting be configured to by utilization or carry out playing up and obtain segmentation image.And, use the structure identical with Figure 13, camera only configures one in front central authorities, in fact camera is not configured being configured to above-mentioned cellular multiple position of camera, if make the main shaft of display object and X-axis in these positions, the rotation of Y-axis carries out taking or playing up after coincideing, then can obtain segmentation image equally.
Further, make the segmentation image in this situation be hexagon, extract dot image out with honeycomb arrangement shape thus, form the periodogram picture be made up of hexagonal element images.At all directions D
1, D
2and D
3on, the relation between the spacing of the element images in arbitrary embodiment of the spacing of element images and the relation between lenticular spacing and above-mentioned first embodiment ~ the 4th embodiment and lenticular spacing can be made identical.
Method for displaying image of the present invention is, use the image display device possessing convex lens aggregate and display part, wherein, convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
x(wherein x is the subscript representing direction) is with the lenticular spacing P specified
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens, display part near the focus face or focus face of these convex lens and along above-mentioned configuration, show with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong above-mentioned direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, and, above-mentioned element images is consisted of the set of multiple parallax component image, the spacing utilized between above-mentioned multiple convex lens and above-mentioned multiple element images is offset and the Moire fringe formed carries out stereo display as image.
In addition, method for displaying image of the present invention is, uses the image display device possessing convex lens aggregate and display part, and wherein, convex lens aggregate is on the whole with the lenticular spacing P of regulation
xalong at least one direction D
x(wherein x is the subscript representing direction) is arranged with multiple convex lens, display part to be presented near the focus face of these convex lens or focus face and along above-mentioned configuration, with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong above-mentioned direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, and, above-mentioned element images is consisted of the set of multiple frame component-part diagram picture, the spacing utilized between above-mentioned multiple convex lens and above-mentioned multiple element images is offset and the Moire fringe formed carries out dynamic image display as dynamic image.
The method for displaying image of the invention described above can utilize computing machine to perform, and can adopt and utilize computing machine to perform the program of said method, and, also can by utilize this computing machine to perform program storage in computer-readable medium (CDROM etc.).
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, certainly also comprises various distortion and equivalent that thought of the present invention and scope comprise.
Claims (8)
1. an image display device, is characterized in that, possesses:
Convex lens aggregate, this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
xwith the lenticular spacing P of regulation
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens to form, wherein, x is the reference symbol representing direction; And,
Display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of described convex lens and along described configuration, for display with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement,
The Moire fringe that spacing by described multiple convex lens and described multiple element images offsets and formed by this image display device carries out stereo display as image,
Described element images is consisted of the set of multiple parallax component image,
The original image becoming display object distinguishes different multiple segmentation image constructions by parallax,
Different described element images comprises different described segmentation images,
The set of described element images is along described at least one direction D
xform periodic periodogram picture,
Described periodogram picture is formed in the following manner,
I () is from the original image becoming display object, that is respectively different and along described at least one direction D from parallax
xthere is image pitch w
0in multiple segmentation images of x, segmentation or extraction are spaced apart k respectively
0multiple line image of x or dot image,
(ii) at w
x≠ w
0when x, the interval of described line image or dot image is reduced or extracts as k
x, wherein, k
x=k
0x × (w
x/ w
0x),
(iii) described line image or the dot image of same described segmentation image will be belonged to, respectively with P
xinterval according to the segmentation order arrangement of this line image or dot image, and, the adjacent described line image belonging to described segmentation image or dot image are formed as each other, in the mode adjoined according to segmentation order or the order contrary with this segmentation order of this segmentation image, along described direction D
xbe arranged in described elemental image pitch w
xin.
2. an image display device, is characterized in that, possesses:
Convex lens aggregate, this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
xwith the lenticular spacing P of regulation
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens to form, wherein, x is the reference symbol representing direction; And,
Display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of these convex lens and along described configuration, for display with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement,
The Moire fringe that spacing by described multiple convex lens and multiple element images offsets and formed by this image display device carries out dynamic image display as image,
Described element images is consisted of the set of multiple frame component-part diagram picture,
The original image becoming display object distinguishes different multiple segmentation image constructions by frame,
Different described element images comprises different described segmentation images,
The set of described element images is along described at least one direction D
xform periodic periodogram picture,
Described periodogram picture is formed in the following manner,
I () is from the original image becoming display object, that is respectively different and along described at least one direction D from frame
xthere is image pitch w
0in multiple segmentation images of x, segmentation or extraction are spaced apart k respectively
0multiple line image of x or dot image,
(ii) at w
x≠ w
0when x, the interval of described line image or dot image is reduced or extracts as k
x, wherein, k
x=k
0x × (w
x/ w
0x),
(iii) described line image or the dot image of same described segmentation image will be belonged to, respectively with P
xinterval according to the segmentation order arrangement of this line image or dot image, and, the adjacent described line image belonging to described segmentation image or dot image are formed as each other, in the mode adjoined according to segmentation order or the order contrary with this segmentation order of this segmentation image, along described direction D
xbe arranged in described elemental image pitch w
xin.
3. image display device according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described k
x=| P
x-w
x|.
4. image display device according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described k
x=| P
x-w
x|.
5. the image display device according to claims 1 or 2, is characterized in that,
This image display device also possesses makes the relative position of described convex lens aggregate and described element images along described direction D
xthe travel mechanism of change, makes the image change being exaggerated display.
6. the image display device according to claims 1 or 2, is characterized in that,
Described element images, is formed by making the three dimensional object as described original image rotate with the angular interval of regulation the described segmentation image that carries out taking or playing up and obtain around the axle of regulation successively.
7. a method for displaying image, is characterized in that,
This method for displaying image uses image display device, and described image display device possesses:
Convex lens aggregate, this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
xwith the lenticular spacing P of regulation
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens to form, wherein, x is the reference symbol representing direction; And,
Display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of described convex lens and along described configuration, for display with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, and described element images is consisted of the set of multiple parallax component image,
The Moire fringe formed utilizing the spacing of described multiple convex lens and described multiple element images to offset as image to carry out stereo display,
The original image becoming display object distinguishes different multiple segmentation image constructions by parallax,
Different described element images comprises different described segmentation images,
The set of described element images is along described at least one direction D
xform periodic periodogram picture,
Described periodogram picture is formed in the following manner,
I () is from the original image becoming display object, that is respectively different and along described at least one direction D from parallax
xthere is image pitch w
0in multiple segmentation images of x, segmentation or extraction are spaced apart k respectively
0multiple line image of x or dot image,
(ii) at w
x≠ w
0when x, the interval of described line image or dot image is reduced or extracts as k
x, wherein, k
x=k
0x × (w
x/ w
0x),
(iii) described line image or the dot image of same described segmentation image will be belonged to, respectively with P
xinterval according to the segmentation order arrangement of this line image or dot image, and, the adjacent described line image belonging to described segmentation image or dot image are formed as each other, in the mode adjoined according to segmentation order or the order contrary with this segmentation order of this segmentation image, along described direction D
xbe arranged in described elemental image pitch w
xin.
8. a method for displaying image, is characterized in that,
This method for displaying image uses image display device, and described image display device possesses:
Convex lens aggregate, this convex lens aggregate is on the whole along at least one direction D
xwith the lenticular spacing P of regulation
xbe arranged with multiple convex lens to form, wherein, x is the reference symbol representing direction; And,
Display part, this display part near the focus face or focus face of these convex lens and along described configuration, for display with P
xdifferent image pitch w
xalong described direction D
xmultiple element images of arrangement, and described element images is consisted of the set of multiple frame component-part diagram picture,
The Moire fringe formed utilizing the spacing of described multiple convex lens and described multiple element images to offset as image to carry out dynamic image display,
The original image becoming display object distinguishes different multiple segmentation image constructions by frame,
Different described element images comprises different described segmentation images,
The set of described element images is along described at least one direction D
xform periodic periodogram picture,
Described periodogram picture is formed in the following manner,
I () is from the original image becoming display object, that is respectively different and along described at least one direction D from frame
xthere is image pitch w
0in multiple segmentation images of x, segmentation or extraction are spaced apart k respectively
0multiple line image of x or dot image,
(ii) at w
x≠ w
0when x, the interval of described line image or dot image is reduced or extracts as k
x, wherein, k
x=k
0x × (w
x/ w
0x),
(iii) described line image or the dot image of same described segmentation image will be belonged to, respectively with P
xinterval according to the segmentation order arrangement of this line image or dot image, and, the adjacent described line image belonging to described segmentation image or dot image are formed as each other, in the mode adjoined according to segmentation order or the order contrary with this segmentation order of this segmentation image, along described direction D
xbe arranged in described elemental image pitch w
xin.
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| CN110297324B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2021-08-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display device and vehicle |
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| US5695346A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1997-12-09 | Yoshi Sekiguchi | Process and display with moveable images |
| CN1267841A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-27 | 可乐丽股份有限公司 | Rear projection screen |
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| JP3338860B2 (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 2002-10-28 | ヤマックス株式会社 | Decorative pattern |
| JP4907049B2 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2012-03-28 | 美濃商事株式会社 | Decorative display and game machine |
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| US5695346A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1997-12-09 | Yoshi Sekiguchi | Process and display with moveable images |
| GB2304921A (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-03-26 | Thomson Multimedia Sa | Stereoscopic display having lenticular lensheet and diffuser |
| CN1267841A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-27 | 可乐丽股份有限公司 | Rear projection screen |
| CN101189643A (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2008-05-28 | 株式会社亚派 | 3D image forming and displaying system |
| CN101568426A (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-10-28 | 郑铉仁 | Plane lens sheet using light transmission rate difference |
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