CN103111756B - The laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment - Google Patents

The laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment Download PDF

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CN103111756B
CN103111756B CN201310047368.9A CN201310047368A CN103111756B CN 103111756 B CN103111756 B CN 103111756B CN 201310047368 A CN201310047368 A CN 201310047368A CN 103111756 B CN103111756 B CN 103111756B
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laser
lens
galvanometer
light emitter
lasing light
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CN103111756A (en
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余振新
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

Abstract

The beam expanding lens the invention discloses the laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment, it comprises lasing light emitter, coordinating with this lasing light emitter, the scanning galvanometer device coordinated with this beam expanding lens and the f-theta lens be connected with this scanning galvanometer device; Laser sintering and moulding equipment is provided with shaped platform, and the focal plane of f-theta lens overlaps with shaped platform, and lens focus falls within the center of shaped platform.The present invention adopts above structure, can not only realize the printing of three-dimensional structure well, and between each optical element, zero-clearance is connected integral, avoids the drift of light beam, dust-proof antidetonation simultaneously; In addition, the protection to optical elements such as galvanometers is also considered in design; Light path guidance system compact conformation, light path is short, and light energy loss is few; System debug is easy.

Description

The laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to selective laser sintering and moulding technology apparatus field under normal temperature, be specifically related to the laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment
Background technology
SLS technology (SLS:Selective Laser Sintering, dusty material selective laser sintering) is a kind of quick shaping process, material powder paving is sprinkled upon the upper surface of formation of parts, and strikes off; On the new layer just spread, part section is scanned with the CO2 laser instrument of high strength; Material powder is sintered together under the laser of high strength irradiates, and obtains the cross section of part, and is connected with the part be shaped below; After a layer cross section has sintered, spread new one deck dusty material, selectively the lower layer cross section of sintering.Generally speaking, SLS technology adopts laser layering sintering solid powder selectively, and the cured layer of sinter molding is layering generate the part of required form.Its whole technical process comprises foundation and data processing, paving powder, sintering and the post processing etc. of cad model.
The opticator of SLS technology is one of core of complete machine composition, this is because: whether and the quality of shaped component what 1) performance, power, output mode etc. of lasing light emitter determined that forming technique realizes may; 2) cost that lasing light emitter accounts for whole equipment reaches more than 20%; 3) research and development of lasing light emitter develop rapidly, are the vitals of Laser industry technology application; 4) relevant light path guidance system has special designing requirement along with the difference of application target: must consider and converge to hot spot dimension on material and laser beam mobile accuracy etc.Therefore, to select rightly and the laser optical path guidance system improved in SLS technology has important even innovative meaning.
In SLS technology, conventional dusty material has wax, Merlon, nylon, very thin nylon, synthetic nylon, pottery, glass, metal etc.When laser beam irradiation is to powder material surface, a part of antireflection part penetrates in material and is absorbed, and then plays clinkering effect to material.Different materials has very large difference to the light absorption of different wave length and reflection.Generally speaking, the metal material that electrical conductivity is high is also high to the reflectivity of light wave, and the material reflectance that surface brightness is high is also high.Common metal is powder sintered selects Nd:YAG laser instrument, because metal dust is to CO 2the laser reflectivity of laser instrument is much bigger.Ceramic powders also selects Nd:YAG laser instrument.High molecule plastic class material is as available CO such as Merlon 2laser instrument, because Merlon has very high absorptivity within the scope of 5.0 ~ 10.6 mum wavelengths.
The output mode of laser instrument can be serious affect Laser Processing effect.Transverse mode determines the expansion degree of laser beam light wave fields in space, and low-order mode energy comparison is concentrated, and in actual use, selects TEM as far as possible 00mould (single transverse mode), to obtain power density light beam high as far as possible.
In existing SLS technology, light path guidance system generally comprises: 1) optical path-deflecting and control system, as organized speculum more; 2) focusing system, as convex lens, concave mirror.3) even photosystem, for the formation of the uniform hot spot of Energy distribution.Existing: 3a) segmentation superposition transformation system.Basic mode or low-order mode Gaussian beam parallel divisional are become several subsystem, and parallel and vertical both direction is amplified respectively along cut-off rule, is finally superposed by certain relative position by beamlet, to obtain the more uniform hot spot of cross section energy distribution.3b) integral mirror system.Light beam uneven for intensity is split by the speculum arranged in order to certain rule or projecting mirror, and folded light beam or projecting beam are superposed in its focus, produces integral action and obtains uniform hot spot.3c) galvanometer system.Adopt the eyeglass of the higher-order of oscillation, make light beam along the direction dither vertical with scanning direction, in heat treatment process, produce an even wider Energy distribution.
Current existing data do not introduce in detail laser instrument in SLS technology selection and modulator approach, the introduction of optical guidance part is also had their own characteristics each.But current laser optical path guidance system is easily elegant for light beam, the easy setting sun machine intimate of dust, produce harmful effect to light path, light energy loss is many, and system debug is difficult.
Summary of the invention
The SLS technology realized under the object of the invention is a kind of normal temperature for our independent studies and in open environment provides effective, safe, stable Optical System Design.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment, the beam expanding lens comprise lasing light emitter, coordinating with this lasing light emitter, the scanning galvanometer device coordinated with this beam expanding lens and the f-theta lens be connected with this scanning galvanometer device; Laser sintering and moulding equipment is provided with shaped platform, and the focus of f-theta lens falls within the center of this shaped platform.
Further, described lasing light emitter, described beam expanding lens and described scanning galvanometer device distribute along X-direction, and described f-theta lens and described scanning galvanometer device distribute along Y direction, and X-axis is vertical with Y-axis; The laser that lasing light emitter sends first along X-axis injection, is then changed direction by scanning galvanometer device, along shaped platform described in Y-axis directive.
Further, the described lasing light emitter radio-frequency pulse power supply that comprises laser instrument and be connected with this laser instrument; Laser instrument is CO 2laser instrument (CO 2: carbon dioxide), by the described radio-frequency pulse power modulation of 50MHz, thus export the pulse laser of 5kHz.
Further, the outer wall of described laser instrument is provided with fin, and is also arranged with for dust-proof outer cover, and this outer cover is provided with fan.
Further, described beam expanding lens is one group of ZnSe lens (ZnSe: zinc selenide), and these group ZnSe lens are made up of front lens and rear lens, and front lens focus and rear lens focus overlap, these group ZnSe lens for reaching 92% or more to 10.6 mum wavelength light transmission rates, and expand it.
Further, described scanning galvanometer device is made up of galvanometer motor, galvanometer control panel and two orthogonal level crossings; Galvanometer control panel connects galvanometer motor, and galvanometer motor connects level crossing.
Further, described condenser lens is f-theta lens, adopts ZnSe monocrystal material make and be coated with antireflective coating.
Further, described condenser lens is are lens of 435mm for the focal length of 10.6 mum wavelengths.
Further, described laser optical path guidance system, it also comprises control device, this control device is by control system computer and form with galvanometer controller, control system computer and being connected with galvanometer controller, control system computer connects described lasing light emitter, and galvanometer controller connects described scanning galvanometer device.
Further, described lasing light emitter, described beam expanding lens, between described scanning galvanometer device and described f-theta lens, all by sealing and dust-proof parts connect.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, the present invention is a kind of optical system realizing the direct process industry technology of intelligent laser sinter molding, realizes the laser optical path guidance system of selective laser sintering and moulding technology (SLS) under normal temperature specifically; The present invention can not only realize the printing of three-dimensional structure well, and between each optical element, zero-clearance is connected integral, avoids the drift of light beam, dust-proof antidetonation simultaneously; In addition, the protection to optical elements such as galvanometers is also considered in design; Light path guidance system compact conformation, light path is short, and light energy loss is few; System debug is easy.Laser mobile accuracy can reach 0.1mm ± 0.05mm.
2, lasing light emitter of the present invention is modulated into pulse laser output continuous laser, can increase maximum output, and the heat time is shortened, and thermal diffusion reduces, and is conducive to macromolecular material clinkering and cooling, cubical expansion effect is down to minimum;
3, the laser 5 of beam expanding lens to 10.6 mum wavelengths will improve the collimation of light beam after doubly expanding, and the light-wave energy density that simultaneously scanning galvanometer can be made to bear is lower, protects galvanometer better, extends its service life; Further, beam expanding lens can make laser obtain less hot spot when shaped platform focuses on.Because power density and scanning density etc. can affect sintering feature significantly, meticulousr hot spot can obtain higher Forming Quality;
4, the structure of scanning galvanometer device, can better for the even light of pulse laser, and registration, and the mobile accuracy of laser beam at shaped platform place can reach 0.1mm ± 0.05mm.
5, the condenser lens in the present invention is adopted, the paraxial inclination angle after laser beam focus is no more than ± and 20 °; If the shaping scope of laser sintering and moulding equipment to parts is 400mm*400mm*350mm, because f-theta lens is positioned in above shaped platform and is no more than 500mm eminence, make laser very little in the incidence angle of material surface, so extra parts need not be added be transformed to circularly polarized light, do not need to consider that polarization characteristic is on the impact of Forming Quality yet;
6, adopt control device, carry out real-time parameter and regulate, such as, for continuous laser, the laser irradiation time is determined by laser scanning speed; For pulse laser, the laser irradiation time is determined jointly by pulsewidth and laser scanning speed, can analysis rule of thumb and to sectional view after the layering of structure body, pre-set parameter, equipment also can carry out laser fast shaping until whole component is completed by printing automatically.
7, the present invention reaches rigid attachment, and zero-clearance sealing is to reach the dustless interference of light path, stable object.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment of the present invention, and in figure, arrow is the transmit direction of laser;
Fig. 2 is the perspective view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the elevational schematic view of Fig. 2 along A direction;
In figure, 1-lasing light emitter; 11-laser instrument; 111-outer cover; 112-fan; 12-radio-frequency pulse power supply; 121-power-supply filter; 2-beam expanding lens; 3-scanning galvanometer device; 31-level crossing; 4-f-theta lens; 5-control device; 51-control system computer; 52-galvanometer controller; 6-shaped platform.
Detailed description of the invention
The laser optical path guidance system of the laser sintering and moulding equipment of embodiment as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the beam expanding lens 2 comprise lasing light emitter 1, coordinating with this lasing light emitter, the scanning galvanometer device 3 coordinated with this beam expanding lens 2 and the f-theta lens 4 be connected with this scanning galvanometer device 3; Laser sintering and moulding equipment is provided with shaped platform 6, the position that f-theta lens 4 is located at and this shaped platform 6 coordinates.
Lasing light emitter 1, beam expanding lens 2 and scanning galvanometer device 3 are along X-direction distribution, and f-theta lens 4 and scanning galvanometer device 3 distribute along Y direction; The laser that lasing light emitter 1 sends first along X-axis injection, is then changed direction by scanning galvanometer device 3, along Y-axis directive shaped platform 6.In the present embodiment, X-axis and Y-axis are mutually vertical.
The radio-frequency pulse power supply 12 that lasing light emitter 1 comprises laser instrument 11 and is connected with this laser instrument 11, laser instrument 11 is CO 2laser instrument (CO 2: carbon dioxide), modulated by the radio-frequency pulse power supply 12 of 50MHz, export the pulse laser of 5kHz.Can utilize the laser of 10.6 mum wavelengths, after the preheating of 10s, recording average laser power is 45.50W.Continuous laser is modulated into pulse laser export, can increases maximum output, and the heat time is shortened, thermal diffusion reduces, and is conducive to macromolecular material clinkering and cooling, cubical expansion effect is down to minimum.Be provided with fin at laser instrument 11 outer wall, and be also arranged with a metal and make and for dust-proof outer cover 111, this outer cover is provided with two fans 112, for forced air cooling, accelerate heat radiation.Further, a power-supply filter 121 can be arranged by the radio frequency pulse power 12, be beneficial to the stable output of 5kHz pulse laser.
Beam expanding lens 2 is one group of ZnSe lens, is made up of front lens and rear lens, and front lens focus and rear lens focus overlap or almost overlap, and these group ZnSe lens reach 92% or more to 10.6 mum wavelength light transmission rates, and expand it.The effect of expanding will improve the collimation of light beam, and the light-wave energy density that simultaneously scanning galvanometer can be made to bear is lower, protects galvanometer better, extends its service life; Further, beam expanding lens 2 can make laser obtain less hot spot when shaped platform 6 focuses on.Because power density and scanning density etc. can affect sintering feature significantly, meticulousr hot spot can obtain higher Forming Quality.
Scanning galvanometer device 3 is made up of the level crossing 31 of galvanometer motor, galvanometer control panel and two orthogonal high reflectances; Galvanometer control panel connects galvanometer motor, and galvanometer motor connects level crossing 31, and galvanometer control panel is by the swing of galvanometer motor control plane mirror 31.The level crossing 31 of two orthogonal high reflectances (>98%) realizes controlling laser beam and moves in X-axis, Y direction, when more than 40 ° the linearity still remain on 99.9% with, maximum reading drift is 50PPM/ DEG C, maximum zero shift is 15 microradian every DEG C, and repeatability reaches 2 microradians.Adopt above structure, scanning galvanometer device 3 can better for the even light of pulse laser, and registration, and the mobile accuracy of laser beam at shaped platform place can reach 0.1mm ± 0.05mm.
Condenser lens 4 is F-θ lens, i.e. f-theta lens.Condenser lens 4 adopts ZnSe monocrystal material make and be coated with antireflective coating outward.Paraxial inclination angle after laser beam focus is no more than ± and 20 °.If the shaping scope of laser sintering and moulding equipment to parts is 400mm*400mm*350mm, because f-theta lens is positioned in above shaped platform and is no more than 500mm place, make laser very little in the incidence angle of material surface, so extra parts need not be added be transformed to circularly polarized light, do not need to consider that polarization characteristic is on the impact of Forming Quality yet.
The present embodiment also comprises control device 5, this control device 5 is made up of control system computer 51 and galvanometer controller 52, control system computer 51 is connected with galvanometer controller 52, and control system computer 51 connects lasing light emitter 1, and galvanometer controller 52 connects scanning galvanometer device 3; Lasing light emitter 1 and scanning galvanometer device 3 all control device 5 are connected, communicate.Control device 5 is controlled by general control system, and mainly software program realizes automatic control that is orderly, logic in forming process, and this also realizes by circuits for triggering.Control device 5 directly modulation radio-frequency pulse power supply 12, and communicate with the control circuit that the galvanometer control panel of scanning galvanometer device 3 carries.Control device 5 has man-machine interaction interface succinct very flexibly, can carry out real-time parameter and regulate: laser scanning speed, laser power, scanning density, thickness, scan mode, multiplication factor etc.For continuous laser, the laser irradiation time is determined by laser scanning speed; For pulse laser, the laser irradiation time is determined jointly by pulsewidth and laser scanning speed.Certainly, can analysis rule of thumb and to sectional view after the layering of structure body, pre-set parameter, equipment also can carry out laser fast shaping until whole component is completed by printing automatically.
Between each parts such as lasing light emitter 1 described in the present embodiment, beam expanding lens 2, scanning galvanometer device 3 and f-theta lens 4, all by sealing and the connection of dust-proof parts, and all have the support such as seat cushion, sealing ring, reach rigid attachment, and require that zero-clearance seals to reach the dustless interference of light path, stable object.Such as in beam expanding lens 2 part, the metal sealing part devising duster coat and be connected with laser instrument 11, enters scanning galvanometer device 3 place and also dust-proof seal ring is housed.
Other structure of the laser optical path guidance system of the present embodiment laser sintering and moulding technology equipment is see prior art.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, if do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention to various change of the present invention or modification, if these are changed and modification belongs within claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies scope, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.

Claims (4)

1. the laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment, is characterized in that: the beam expanding lens comprise lasing light emitter, coordinating with this lasing light emitter, the scanning galvanometer device coordinated with this beam expanding lens and the f-theta lens be connected with this scanning galvanometer device; Laser sintering and moulding equipment is provided with shaped platform, and the focus of f-theta lens falls within the center of this shaped platform;
The radio-frequency pulse power supply that described lasing light emitter comprises laser instrument and is connected with this laser instrument, laser instrument is CO 2laser instrument, by the radio-frequency pulse power modulation of 50MHz, exports the pulse laser of 5kHz;
Described beam expanding lens is one group of ZnSe lens, is made up of front lens and rear lens, and front lens focus and rear lens focus overlap or almost overlap, and these group ZnSe lens reach more than 92% to 10.6 mum wavelength light transmission rates, and expand it;
Described f-theta lens adopts ZnSe monocrystal material make and be coated with antireflective coating, and the laser beam of 10.6 mum wavelengths converges at shaped platform place after this f-theta lens;
Described scanning galvanometer device is made up of the level crossing of galvanometer motor, galvanometer control panel and two orthogonal high reflectances; The level crossing of described two orthogonal reflectivity >98% realizes controlling laser beam and moves in X-axis, Y direction; Galvanometer control panel connects galvanometer motor, and galvanometer motor connects level crossing, and galvanometer control panel is by the swing of galvanometer motor control plane mirror;
Also comprise control device, this control device is made up of control system computer and galvanometer controller, and control system computer is connected with galvanometer controller, and control system computer connects lasing light emitter, and galvanometer controller connects scanning galvanometer device; Lasing light emitter is all connected with control device with scanning galvanometer device, communicates; Described control device is controlled by general control system, and mainly software program realizes automatic control that is orderly, logic in forming process, or is realized by circuits for triggering; Control device directly modulation radio-frequency pulse power supply, and communicate with the control circuit that the galvanometer control panel of scanning galvanometer device carries.
2. laser optical path guidance system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lasing light emitter, described beam expanding lens and described scanning galvanometer device distribute along X-direction, described f-theta lens and described scanning galvanometer device distribute along Y direction, and X-axis is vertical with Y-axis; The laser that lasing light emitter sends first along X-axis injection, is then changed direction by scanning galvanometer device, along shaped platform described in Y-axis directive.
3. laser optical path guidance system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outer wall of described laser instrument is provided with fin, and be also arranged with for dust-proof outer cover, this outer cover is provided with fan.
4. laser optical path guidance system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described lasing light emitter, described beam expanding lens, between described scanning galvanometer device and described f-theta lens, all by sealing and dust-proof parts connection.
CN201310047368.9A 2013-02-05 2013-02-05 The laser optical path guidance system of laser sintering and moulding equipment Expired - Fee Related CN103111756B (en)

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