CN103000971A - Lithium air battery and production method thereof - Google Patents

Lithium air battery and production method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103000971A
CN103000971A CN2011102745301A CN201110274530A CN103000971A CN 103000971 A CN103000971 A CN 103000971A CN 2011102745301 A CN2011102745301 A CN 2011102745301A CN 201110274530 A CN201110274530 A CN 201110274530A CN 103000971 A CN103000971 A CN 103000971A
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lithium
air
air battery
oxygen catalyst
battery according
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CN103000971B (en
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乔贞美
吴生先
张会平
李志华
任晓玲
余修涛
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Beiqi Foton Motor Co Ltd
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Beiqi Foton Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a lithium air battery and a production method thereof. The lithium air battery comprises an air positive electrode, a lithium negative electrode and an organic electrolyte solution filled between the air positive electrode and the lithium negative electrode, wherein one air positive electrode side surface adjacent to the organic electrolyte solution is provided with a solid electrolyte layer. According to the lithium air battery, the one air positive electrode side surface adjacent to the organic electrolyte solution is provided with the solid electrolyte layer so as to prevent the organic electrolyte solution from evaporate toward air and inhibit moisture in the air from entering into the lithium air battery, such that the lithium air battery can stably work in an opening work environment.

Description

Lithium-air battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the air cell field, particularly a kind of lithium-air battery and the method for making this lithium-air battery.
Background technology
The organic system lithium-air battery has higher energy density in current many battery systems, theoretical energy density is 5200Wh/kg, in actual applications, oxygen is provided by external environment, therefore, after getting rid of the quality of oxygen, the energy density of organic system lithium-air battery reaches 11140Wh/kg, and height has 1-2 the order of magnitude of battery system.Therefore, receive much concern as surmounting the high-capacity secondary battery of the lithium ion battery that just is being widely used at present.
Yet the research of lithium-air battery is at the early-stage, and it is used and still is faced with huge challenge.Wherein, when working under air atmosphere, lithium-air battery need to solve how to prevent that steam from entering the problem of electrolyte open, and this is because the organic liquid electrolyte system absorbs moisture easily and causes cathode of lithium to corrode in air.In addition, common liquid organic electrolyte exists and holds volatile problem, thereby can affect the fail safe of capacity, useful life and the battery of battery.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to one of solve the problems of the technologies described above at least.
For this reason, one object of the present invention be to propose a kind of can be in the air ambient that opens wide the lithium-air battery of steady operation.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of manufacture method of lithium-air battery.
To achieve these goals, first aspect present invention provides a kind of lithium-air battery, comprise that air is anodal, cathode of lithium and be filled in organic electrolyte between described air electrode and the cathode of lithium, wherein, the side surface at the described organic electrolyte of vicinity of described air electrode is provided with solid electrolyte layer.
Lithium-air battery according to first aspect present invention embodiment, because the side surface at the described organic electrolyte of vicinity of air positive pole is provided with solid electrolyte layer, this solid electrolyte layer had both prevented that organic electrolyte volatilization in the air from also can suppress airborne moisture and entering lithium-air battery inside, thereby so that lithium-air battery can be in the operational environment that opens wide steady operation.
In addition, lithium-air battery according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical characterictic:
According to one embodiment of present invention, described air positive pole comprises metal aluminum foil and is formed at oxygen catalyst layer on the described metal aluminum foil.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described oxygen catalyst layer is formed by carrier and oxygen catalyst material, and described oxygen catalyst material is selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, α-MnO 2Nano particle, β-MnO 2Nano particle, γ-MnO 2One or more materials in nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, the ternary metal nitride form.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the described oxygen catalyst layer mass content of oxygen catalyst material for being below 5% of oxygen catalyst layer gross mass.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described solid electrolyte layer is made of the nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, and described transition metal comprises one or more among Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and the Au.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the described nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, the containing ratio of described transition metal is 1-50 atom % with respect to phosphorus atoms.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described solid electrolyte layer is by Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2Consist of.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the thickness of described solid electrolyte layer is the 0.1-0.2 micron.
Second aspect present invention proposes the manufacture method of lithium-air battery, may further comprise the steps: a) provide air anodal; B) deposition solid dielectric substrate on the surface of described air positive pole; And c) will deposit that the air of described solid electrolyte layer is anodal, organic electrolyte and cathode of lithium sequentially be assembled into lithium-air battery, wherein said air electrode to deposit solid electrolyte layer one side surface adjacent with described organic electrolyte.
Manufacture method according to the lithium-air battery of second aspect present invention embodiment, by the side surface at the contiguous organic electrolyte of air positive pole solid electrolyte layer is set, can prevent that organic electrolyte from volatilizing in air, suppress simultaneously airborne moisture and enter lithium-air battery inside, thereby so that lithium-air battery can be in the operational environment that opens wide steady operation.
In addition, the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical characterictic:
According to one embodiment of present invention, described step a) comprising: the porous aluminum foil substrate a-1) is provided; A-2) described porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned also drying; A-3) draw positive outside wire from described porous aluminum foil substrate; And a-4) in described porous aluminum foil substrate the oxygen catalyst layer is set, obtains the air positive pole.
According to one embodiment of present invention, at step a-2) in, re-use distilled water after described porous aluminum foil substrate cleaned with acetone and clean 3-5 time.
According to one embodiment of present invention, at step a-3) in, weld the nickel sheet as positive outside wire in described porous aluminum foil substrate.
According to one embodiment of present invention, step a-4) comprising: mix prepare oxygen catalyst mixture as TDS with PEO type macromolecule lithium electrolyte with ethene cyanogen after porous carbon and oxygen catalyst material are mixed, rotate on the surface that spreads upon described porous aluminum foil substrate described oxygen catalyst mixture and drying, with the surface at described porous aluminium foil the oxygen catalyst layer is set.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described oxygen catalyst material is Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, α-MnO 2Nano particle, β-MnO 2Nano particle, γ-MnO 2Nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, one or more in the ternary metal nitride.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the mass content of oxygen catalyst material is below 5% of oxidant layer gross mass in the described oxygen catalyst layer.
According to one embodiment of present invention, step b) comprising: the surface deposition solid electrolyte layer by a kind of porous aluminium foil being provided with the oxygen catalyst layer in sputtering method, resistance heating vapour deposition method, resistance bundle vapour deposition method, electron beam evaporation plating method, the laser wearing and tearing method in nitrogen atmosphere.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described solid electrolyte is made of the nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, and described transition metal comprises one or more among Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and the Au.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the described nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, the containing ratio of described transition metal is 1-50 atom % with respect to phosphorus atoms.
According to one embodiment of present invention, simultaneously radio frequency sputtering Li on described air positive pole 3PO 4Target and Pt metal target are to obtain by Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2The described solid electrolyte layer that consists of.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the manufacture method flow chart according to the lithium-air battery of the embodiment of the invention; With
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to the lithium-air battery of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The below describes embodiments of the invention in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical or similar label represents identical or similar element or the element with identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings, only be used for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, term " first ", " second " only are used for describing purpose, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance.
In description of the invention, need to prove that unless clear and definite regulation and restriction are arranged in addition, term " installation ", " linking to each other ", " connection " should be done broad understanding, for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, also can be to removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be to be electrically connected; Can be directly to link to each other, also can indirectly link to each other by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, can concrete condition understand above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
Below with reference to Fig. 1 the according to an embodiment of the invention manufacture method of lithium-air battery is described.
A) provide air anodal.
Do not have special restriction about the air positive pole, for example can provide air anodal by following concrete steps:
A-1) provide the porous aluminum foil substrate.
A-2) the porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned also drying.
At step a-2) in, during to the cleaning of porous aluminum foil substrate, re-use distilled water after can cleaning with acetone and clean, cleaning 3-5 time with distilled water after for example cleaning with acetone.Thus, can to the porous aluminium foil clean more thorough, to satisfy the requirement as substrate.
A-3) draw positive outside wire from the porous aluminum foil substrate.Behind the aluminum foil substrate cleaning-drying, draw positive outside wire in aluminum foil substrate, thus, ease of assembly becomes battery.
Preferably, at step a-3) in, can be at porous aluminum foil substrate welding nickel sheet as positive outside wire.
A-4) in the porous aluminum foil substrate oxygen catalyst layer is set, the air positive pole that the oxygen catalyst layer just obtains needs afterwards is set.
Particularly, step a-4) can comprise in: mix prepare oxygen catalyst mixture as TDS with PEO type macromolecule lithium electrolyte with ethene cyanogen after porous carbon and oxygen catalyst material are mixed, rotate on the surface that spreads upon described porous aluminum foil substrate described oxygen catalyst mixture and drying, with the surface at the porous aluminium foil oxygen catalyst layer is set.
The oxygen catalyst material can be Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, α-MnO 2Nano particle, β-MnO 2Nano particle, γ-MnO 2Nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, one or more in the ternary metal nitride.
The mass content of oxygen catalyst material can be below 5% of oxygen catalyst layer gross mass in the oxygen catalyst layer.B) deposition solid dielectric substrate on the surface of air positive pole.
Particularly, can be in nitrogen atmosphere surface deposition solid electrolyte layer by a kind of porous aluminium foil being provided with the oxygen catalyst layer in sputtering method, resistance heating vapour deposition method, resistance bundle vapour deposition method, electron beam evaporation plating method, the laser wearing and tearing method.
Wherein, solid electrolyte is made of the nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, and described transition metal comprises one or more among Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and the Au.
Preferably, in being doped with the nitrogenize lithium phosphate of transition metal, the containing ratio of transition metal is 1-50 atom % with respect to phosphorus atoms.
For example, can be on the air positive pole simultaneously radio frequency sputtering Li 3PO 4Target and Pt metal target are to obtain by Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2The solid electrolyte layer that consists of.
C) will deposit that the air of solid electrolyte layer is anodal, organic electrolyte and cathode of lithium sequentially be assembled into lithium-air battery, wherein said air electrode to deposit solid electrolyte layer one side surface adjacent with described organic electrolyte.
Behind deposition solid dielectric substrate on the air positive pole, air positive pole, organic electrolyte and the cathode of lithium that deposits solid electrolyte layer sequentially is assembled into lithium-air battery.
Thus, as shown in Figure 2, making lithium-air battery by above-mentioned preparation method can comprise: air positive pole 1, cathode of lithium 4 and be filled in air electrode 1 and cathode of lithium 4 between organic electrolyte 3.Wherein, the side surface 11 at the contiguous organic electrolyte 3 of air positive pole 1 is provided with solid electrolyte layer 2.
The lithium-air battery that makes according to said method, by the side surface at the contiguous organic electrolyte 3 of air positive pole 1 solid electrolyte layer 2 is set, can prevent that organic electrolyte 3 from volatilizing in air by air electrode 1, suppress simultaneously airborne moisture and enter lithium-air battery inside by air electrode 1, thereby so that lithium-air battery can be in the operational environment that opens wide steady operation.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, air positive pole 1 comprises metal aluminum foil 12 and the oxygen catalyst layer (not shown) that is formed on the metal aluminum foil 12.Metal aluminum foil 12 can be used as plus plate current-collecting body in lithium-air battery, be formed with the oxygen catalyst layer on it, can overcome the electrochemical polarization in the hydrogen reduction process in the air, and the efficient of battery is improved.
Further, the oxygen catalyst layer for example is porous carbon by carrier, and the formation of oxygen catalyst material, and the oxygen catalyst material is selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, α-MnO 2Nano particle, β-MnO 2Nano particle, γ-MnO 2One or more materials in nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, the ternary metal nitride form.Thus, the oxygen catalyst material adopts one or more formation of above-mentioned material can make the catalytic efficiency of oxygen catalyst layer higher.
Alternatively, the mass content of oxygen catalyst material is below 5% of oxygen catalyst layer gross mass in the described oxygen catalyst layer.Thus, can save production cost, and the catalytic effect of oxygen catalyst layer is controlled at preferably in the scope.
According to one embodiment of present invention, solid electrolyte layer 2 is made of the nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, and transition metal comprises one or more among Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and the Au.Thus, the solid electrolyte layer 2 that forms can prevent that organic electrolyte 3 from volatilizing in air, suppress simultaneously airborne moisture and enter lithium-air battery inside, prevent that namely airborne moisture from entering in the organic electrolyte 3, thereby so that lithium-air battery can be in the operational environment that opens wide steady operation.
Further, in being doped with the nitrogenize lithium phosphate of transition metal, the containing ratio of transition metal is 1-50 atom % with respect to phosphorus atoms.Thus, can make the better effects if of the isolation moisture of solid electrolyte layer 2.
For example, in one embodiment of the invention, solid electrolyte layer 2 can be by Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2Consist of.
According to examples more of the present invention, the thickness of solid electrolyte layer 2 can be the 0.1-0.2 micron.Thus, can make things convenient for the processing of lithium-air battery, make convenient.
The manufacture method of lithium-air battery of the present invention is described below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The porous aluminium foil is cleaned with acetone, then clean 3-5 time with distilled water, oven dry is made into substrate; Then make positive outside wire at nickel sheet of substrate welding.
With porous carbon and α-MnO 2Nano particle is to mix at 95%: 5% according to mass ratio, and the PEO type macromolecule lithium electrolyte that then adds 5% quality mixes, and as TDS, rotation spreads upon in above-mentioned many substrates dries with ethene cyanogen, and the air that obtains the lithium ion air cell is anodal.
In nitrogen atmosphere, simultaneously radio frequency sputtering Li on the film of substrate 3PO 4Target and Titanium target, the control sputter rate is so that sedimentation products chemical formula Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2, thickness 0.1-0.2 μ m, thus solid electrolyte layer formed in air positive pole deposition.
The air positive pole, lithium anode and the organic electrolyte that deposit described solid electrolyte layer are assembled into battery.
Embodiment 2
The porous aluminium foil is cleaned with acetone, then clean 3-5 time with distilled water, oven dry is made into substrate; Then make positive outside wire at nickel sheet of substrate welding;
Be to mix at 95%: 5% porous carbon and Pt nanoparticle according to mass ratio, then the PEO type macromolecule lithium electrolyte that adds 5% quality mixes, as TDS, rotation spreads upon in the above-mentioned substrate dries with ethene cyanogen, and the air that obtains the lithium ion air cell is anodal.
In nitrogen atmosphere, simultaneously radio frequency sputtering Li on substrate film 3PO 4Target and Pt metal target, the control sputter rate is so that sedimentation products chemical formula Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2, thickness 0.1-0.2 μ m, thus solid electrolyte layer formed in air positive pole deposition.
The air positive pole, lithium anode and the organic electrolyte that deposit described solid electrolyte layer are assembled into battery.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or the example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the characteristics of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not necessarily referred to identical embodiment or example.And the specific features of description, structure, material or characteristics can be with suitable mode combinations in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment in the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.

Claims (19)

1. lithium-air battery, it is characterized in that, comprise that air is anodal, cathode of lithium and be filled in organic electrolyte between described air electrode and the cathode of lithium, wherein, be provided with solid electrolyte layer at a side surface of the described organic electrolyte of vicinity of described air electrode.
2. lithium-air battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described air positive pole comprises metal aluminum foil and the oxygen catalyst layer that is formed on the described metal aluminum foil.
3. lithium-air battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described oxygen catalyst layer is formed by carrier and oxygen catalyst material, and described oxygen catalyst material is selected from Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, α-MnO 2Nano particle, β-MnO 2Nano particle, γ-MnO 2In nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, the ternary metal nitride one or more.
4. lithium-air battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the mass content of oxygen catalyst material is for being below 5% of oxygen catalyst layer gross mass in the described oxygen catalyst layer.
5. lithium-air battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solid electrolyte layer is made of the nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, and described transition metal comprises one or more among Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and the Au.
6. lithium-air battery according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the described nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, the containing ratio of described transition metal is 1-50 atom % with respect to phosphorus atoms.
7. lithium-air battery according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described solid electrolyte layer is by Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2Consist of.
8. lithium-air battery according to claim 5 is characterized in that, the thickness of described solid electrolyte layer is the 0.1-0.2 micron.
9. the manufacture method of a lithium-air battery is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A) provide air anodal;
B) deposition solid dielectric substrate on the surface of described air positive pole; And
C) will deposit that the air of described solid electrolyte layer is anodal, organic electrolyte and cathode of lithium sequentially be assembled into lithium-air battery, wherein said air electrode to deposit solid electrolyte layer one side surface adjacent with described organic electrolyte.
10. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described step a) comprising:
A-1) provide the porous aluminum foil substrate;
A-2) described porous aluminum foil substrate is cleaned also drying;
A-3) draw positive outside wire from described porous aluminum foil substrate; And
A-4) in described porous aluminum foil substrate the oxygen catalyst layer is set, obtains the air positive pole.
11. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 10 is characterized in that,
At step a-2) in, re-use distilled water after described porous aluminum foil substrate cleaned with acetone and clean 3-5 time.
12. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 10 is characterized in that, at step a-3) in, the nickel sheet welded as positive outside wire in described porous aluminum foil substrate.
13. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, step a-4) comprising: mix prepare oxygen catalyst mixture as TDS with PEO type macromolecule lithium electrolyte with ethene cyanogen after porous carbon and oxygen catalyst material are mixed, rotate on the surface that spreads upon described porous aluminum foil substrate described oxygen catalyst mixture and drying, with the surface at described porous aluminium foil the oxygen catalyst layer is set.
14. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described oxygen catalyst material is Pt nanoparticle, gold nano grain, α-MnO 2Nano particle, β-MnO 2Nano particle, γ-MnO 2Nano particle, MoN nano particle, MnN nano particle, one or more in the ternary metal nitride.
15. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 13 is characterized in that, the mass content of oxygen catalyst material is below 5% of oxidant layer gross mass in the described oxygen catalyst layer.
16. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 9 is characterized in that, step b) comprising:
Surface deposition solid electrolyte layer by a kind of porous aluminium foil being provided with the oxygen catalyst layer in sputtering method, resistance heating vapour deposition method, resistance bundle vapour deposition method, electron beam evaporation plating method, the laser wearing and tearing method in nitrogen atmosphere.
17. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, described solid electrolyte is made of the nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, and described transition metal comprises one or more among Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Ta, W, Pt and the Au.
18. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 17 is characterized in that, in the described nitrogenize lithium phosphate that is doped with transition metal, the containing ratio of described transition metal is 1-50 atom % with respect to phosphorus atoms.
19. the manufacture method of lithium-air battery according to claim 17 is characterized in that, simultaneously radio frequency sputtering Li on described air positive pole 3PO 4Target and Pt metal target are to obtain by Li 2.8PO 3.45N 0.3PT 0.2The described solid electrolyte layer that consists of.
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