CN102983893A - Multilayer carrier wave discrete multi-tone communication system and multilayer carrier wave discrete multi-tone communication method - Google Patents

Multilayer carrier wave discrete multi-tone communication system and multilayer carrier wave discrete multi-tone communication method Download PDF

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CN102983893A
CN102983893A CN2012104026590A CN201210402659A CN102983893A CN 102983893 A CN102983893 A CN 102983893A CN 2012104026590 A CN2012104026590 A CN 2012104026590A CN 201210402659 A CN201210402659 A CN 201210402659A CN 102983893 A CN102983893 A CN 102983893A
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radio
frequency
signal
spread
multilayer carrier
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CN102983893B (en
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布莱恩.G.阿格伊
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DirecTV Group Inc
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DirecTV Group Inc
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Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer carrier wave discrete multi-tone communication system and a multilayer carrier wave discrete multi-tone communication method. The multi-access communication system comprises a plurality of radio transmitters, a plurality of radio receivers, an expandor, an expansion solving unit and a multi-access device. The plurality of radio transmitters are used for emitting a plurality of radio frequency carrier waves. The plurality of radio receivers are used for receiving at least one subset of the plurality of radio frequency carrier waves. The expandor is connected with the plurality of radio transmitter and uses first digital expansion gain and first data to independently and redundantly modulate amplitudes and phases of the plurality of radio frequency carrier waves. The expansion solving unit is connected with the plurality of radio receivers and uses the first digital expansion gain to independently modulate the amplitudes and the phases of the plurality of radio frequency carrier waves to restore the first data. The multi-access device is connected with the radio transmitter, the radio receivers, the expandor and the expansion solving unit and is configured to use at least one kind of space division multiple access (SDMA) protocol, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) protocol and code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol to provide independent communication channels.

Description

Multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication system and method
The application is that application number is 98814242.2, the applying date is on August 18th, 1998, denomination of invention is divided an application for divide an application (application number is 201010109116.0) of divide an application (application number is 200510125082.3) of the patent application of " multilayer-carrier discrete multi-tone communication technology ".
Technical field
Present invention generally relates to radio communication, relate in particular in the difficulty that is attended by the dynamic environment variation and the multiple accessing communication technology in the hostile environment.
Background technology
The communication technology that grows up during the World War II in the 1940's comprises supporting professional " the frequency diversity communication " or " multilayer carrier communication " of high frequency (HF) band.J.Proakis is at Digital Communications, and McGraw-Hill has proposed the frequency diversity communication technology in 1989, the 7.4-7.7 section.The channel that Proakis is based on large high attenuation for example is can produce error when receiving in deep fading's the channel and propose diversity technique.Channel by decline independent of one another for receiver provides some copies of primary signal might continuous communiction, only all occur simultaneously in the unlikely situation of decline at all interactive channels.Can get rid of this probability.
Frequency diversity is a kind of in the middle of many diversity schemes.Nominally carry out same modulation by several carrier channels that separated by the coherence bandwidth of each independent channel.According to time diversity, in different time slots, send identical information.In a kind of diversity scheme, can adopt multiple antenna.Can receive the signal that sends from single transmitting antenna with some reception antennas.In order to obtain optimum efficiency, reception antenna is disturbed to change multipaths different in the middle of a group by separately enough far away.Observe independently signal fadeout nominally often need independently ten wavelength.
The signal bandwidth that adopts in a kind of more ripe diversity scheme can be far longer than the coherence bandwidth of channel.The signal path that the bandwidth W of sort signal can decompose multipath component and provide several independently to decline for receiver.
The diversity scheme of other prior aries includes firing angle or space diversity and polarization diversity.
When bandwidth W is far longer than the coherence bandwidth of utilizable each independent channel of user, channel further can be subdivided into many frequency division multiplexing subchannels, the coherence bandwidth of each independent channel has at least one centre frequency that is separated from each other.So just can send identical signal by the subchannel of frequency division multiplexing, according to frequency diversity work.Adopt the broadband binary signal that covers bandwidth W also can obtain same result.
G.K.Kaleh is at IEEE Transactions on Communications, Spet.1994. in one piece of article delivering on " Frequency-Diversity Spread-Spectrum Communication System to Counter Band-limited Gaussian Interference, " this technology has been described.The reliable device of working in a kind of signal environment that can deliberate as the enemy briefly described in this piece article.
J.Proakis is at " Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication, " SupraChapter 8 in the concept of a kind of frequency diversity spread-spectrum and multiple access has been described.Describe a kind of diversity transmission mode that combines with frequency hopping spread spectrum in detail, be used for preventing multipath fading and local band interference.
As far back as nineteen fifty-nine just the someone retrodirective array of suitable multi-antenna array has been proposed, be used for during sending and receiving, providing identical spatial gain pattern.The discussion of relevant this technology can be referring to R.Monzingo, T.Miller, Introduction to Adaptive Arrays, Wiley Interscience Publications, 1980; The United States Patent (USP) 2,908,002 " Electromagnetic Reflection " of the nineteen fifty-nine of L.Van Atta; And B.Glance, the US Patent No. 4,383,332 " High CapacityMobile Radio System " in P.Henryd1983 May 10.The TDD system provides a kind of effective means for realizing the retrodirective array row, can reduce the channel variation between technology and the transmit path.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of radio communications system, be used for by the distinct band propagate data of disperseing on a large scale of channel distortions, required as Direct swquence spread spectrum, between interference frequencies, in fact do not disperse signal.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system of communicating by letter under strong Narrowband Jamming, for example be common cellular signal waveform, closes affected channel at the Solution Expander place of receiver.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system with linear channel multipath distortion of simple equilibrium.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system, and it can be compatible with Discrete Multitone and OFDM formula Channel Technology.For frequency channelization and inverse channel, can also with time divide into groups multitone and OFDM formula modulating/demodulating technical compatibility.
Another object of the present invention provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of tdd systems compatibility, multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form wherein divides into groups, for example, if the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal is to produce with Discrete Multitone and/or based on the OFDM of frequency channelization and inverse channel.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system with frequency division multiple access articulated multiple access ability.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system with code division multiple access articulated multiple access ability of taking multilayer carrier multiple access layout.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system that can be compatible with the high-order digit modulation.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system for flexible request formula band data speed connection.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind ofly has the multiple access of space division multiple access articulated, the radio communications system of ELIMINATION OF ITS INTERFERENCE and channel equalization ability in the code zero-bit is used.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of radio communications system that cooperates adaptive antenna array to use, the extended code that adopts the space to extend is utilized independently to synthesize to gain on each space channel or the antenna beam and is come growth data, thus the diffusion of control channel bandwidth array.
Another object of the present invention provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of advanced array adaptation technique compatibility, for example be without the blind spot directed navigation, blind spot directional data and other technologies, it has utilized base band data, the advantage of the fundamental characteristics of channel architecture or multilayer carrier extended format.
Another object of the present invention provide a kind of can with the radio communications system of reverse link communication technical compatibility.
Another object of the present invention provides and a kind ofly can connect with the code division multiple access of routine the radio communications system of data-triggered system reverse compatibility.
In brief, embodiments of the invention comprise a kind of " multilayer carrier " spread spectrum communication system, expansion wherein is to multiply each other by the baseband signal of forms of time and space and one group is overlapping or the compounded sine carrier waveform of multilayer to finish in frequency domain.Actual expansion is finished by a large-scale quick Fourier of direct-drive (FFT) transformation library (bins).So just can obviously reduce the complexity of calculating, relax the requirement to output FFT capacity.Can fill up with the Kaiser-Bessel window of β=9 space between the single-tone, not allow interference between these single-tones and the adjacent single-tone generation single-tone.Particularly the β of high value can produce interference between adjacent single-tone, and the interference of being separated by between the farther single-tone is very little.This basic fundamental can be in conjunction with time division duplex, and code division multiple access connects, and space division multiple access connects, and frequency division multiple access connects, adaptive antenna array and interference cancellation techniques.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of multiple accessing communication system, having comprised: a plurality of radio transmitters are used for launching a plurality of radio-frequency carriers; A plurality of radio receivers are at least one subset that receives a plurality of radio-frequency carriers; Be connected to the expander of a plurality of radio transmitters, adopt the gain of the first digital extended and the first data are independent and modulate redundantly a plurality of radio-frequency carriers amplitude and phase place; Be connected to the Solution Expander of a plurality of radio receivers, adopt the first digital extended gain independently amplitude and the phase place of a plurality of radio-frequency carriers of demodulation, to recover the first data; And the multiple access device that is connecting radio transmitter, radio receiver, expander and Solution Expander, this multiple access device is configured to utilize at least a independently communication channel that provides in space division multiple access connection SDMA agreement, frequency division multiple access connection FDMA agreement and the code division multiple access connection CDMA agreement.
According to this aspect on the other hand, a kind of method in the multiple accessing communication system is provided, the method comprises by carrying out following operation to be recovered with a plurality of multilayer carrier signals distinctive expansion gain extension and be modulated to digital communication signal on each of a plurality of multilayer carrier signals separately: (1) is with the multilayer carrier signal channellization of each reception, with the identification baseband signal, the multilayer carrier signal that wherein receives each have can with the multilayer carrier signal of a plurality of receptions in the channel width that is separated of the channel width of other multilayer carrier signal; (2) by using the de-spread weighting different from the expansion gain of the baseband signal that is applied to each reception, the multilayer carrier signal of a plurality of receptions is carried out de-spread; (3) baseband signal that receives is made up and obtain interference is compensated and make the maximized baseband signal of signal to noise ratio; And (4) eliminate time distortion or the frequency distortion appear in the baseband signal, to recover digital communication signal.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method, is being used for growth data on the widely-dispersed frequency band of frequency spectrum diversity.So just can provide a kind of effective means that can draw the frequency diversity advantage, particularly in the widely-dispersed application of frequency band.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method, even also can communicate by letter under strong arrowband disturbs.So just can occur strong arrowband frequency division multiple access connect (FDMA) and resemble honeycomb cover use in time division multiple access connection (TDMA) cellular radio signal the time keep a kind of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) link.Can also when occurring owing to the harmonic wave from out of band signal forging interference, keep communication link.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method, and it is balanced linear channel distortions directly, and can make stable state or the distortion of quasi-stable state linear channel close to the multiplication effect on the emission extended code.Can also further de-spread or extended operation be dissolved in the channel equalization operation, in eliminating grouping, not need extra filtering operation the Doppler expansion.Its basic principle is to cooperate base band, pre-expansion, and the bandwidth of telegraph signal is come balanced multipath transmisstion.If the smaller bandwidth of telegraph signal, this multipath equalization operation can be very simple.If it is enough narrow to expand in advance the bandwidth of telegraph signal, correlation bandwidth or the inverse bandwidth of for example expanding in advance telegraph signal are the large products that the maximum multipath in the transmission channel postpones, and this equalization operation just can reduce to the comprehensive multiply operation that can automatically dissolve in the adaptive de extended operation.It is that with the difference of the cdma system of routine the latter needs extra equalization operation, unless the relative widths of spread signal is the large product that the maximum multipath in the transmission channel postpones.
Another advantage of the present invention has provided a kind of radio communication method, and it can compatible discrete multiple audio and OFDM formula channel multiplex technique.So just can accurately simulate stable state and linear channel distortion with the multiplicative effect on the emission extended code.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible tdd systems.For example, if the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal just can adopt the time division duplex communication form that multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form is organized into groups with Discrete Multitone and/or OFDM formula channel multiplexer and the generation of reverse channel multiplexer.Any end at communication link can both carry out " this locality " assessment to the emission channel, has greatly simplified the channel preemphasis, the enforcement of emission channel equalization topological logic and reverse transfer technology.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method with code division multiple access articulated multiple access function, for example is multilayer carrier multiple access technology.Point-p-multi-point link adopts linear inner relevant (quadrature or nonopiate) collection of expansion gain to transmit in the same subsets of channel, in order to separate these signals by Solution Expander.Because extended code can be non-orthogonal, in conjunction with the idle bit utilization time, principal advantage of the present invention is to use nonopiate extended code.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible " bandwidth on-demand " Flexible Data Rate technology.By a plurality of times, frequency, or the multilayer carrier channel sends initial data to unique user, and the data rate on given link can slightly increase, subtract.If improve data rate with a plurality of multilayer carrier channels, just can be in the situation downward modulation joint number that does not increase bandwidth according to speed.
An advantage of the invention is provide a kind of can be compatible the radio communication method of advanced digital modulation.It can compatibility M arbitrarily AryThe digital baseband modulation format, and can pass through at the more position/symbol of each channel transmission and the raising capacity.Can also in polynary communication network, improve re-using rate and " load balance " by the figure place that changes each symbol in each initial data.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of space division multiple access connection that has, and disturbs the radio communication method of elimination and channel equalization ability, for example is the idle bit technology.This space division multiple access articulated idle bit technology is desirable or near desirable linear disturbance elimination and signal extraction technology, this is useful for the signal separate multiple layer carrier extend spectrum signal on Solution Expander according to frequency diversity or frequency spectrum diversity.So just can eliminate the interference of the cell inside of multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal, and can eliminate the interference of cell outside, for example be to improve the re-using ability.So just can more effectively use the idle bit that in various extended formats, generally adopts.A kind of improvement of two times of capacity particularly can be provided for the idle bit technology that is used for symbol-modulated Direct swquence spread spectrum form, and expansion gain wherein repeats once on the basis of each text symbol.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can cooperate adaptive antenna array to use.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible preposition array adaptive technique, be used for according to space diversity, and the frequency spectrum diversity, the combination of polarization diversity and space/frequency spectrum/polarization diversity comes separation signal.
An advantage of the invention is provides a kind of radio communication method that can compatible reverse link communication technology.Can directly expand to the multilayer carrier spread spectrum system that comprises single antenna or aerial array to the reverse link communication technology.And the most complicated operation can be concentrated on a little-base station in the p-multi-point link on, greatly reduce the cost of whole system.
A further advantage of the invention is provides a kind of code division multiple access that can the back compatible routine to connect the radio communication method of data activation technology.
Those skilled in the art has read at the reference accompanying drawing just can understand above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention and advantage fully to after the specifying of most preferred embodiment.
Description of drawings
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a kind of communication system of the embodiment of the invention, several remote mobile cell distribution is arranged among the figure in the space of one or more central base station;
Fig. 2 A represents the block diagram of one embodiment of the invention, there is a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group to be connected on the aerial array as point-to a transmitter, another aerial array is connected to a multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver group 5 for point-p-some receiver among the figure;
Fig. 2 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have multilayer carrier multiple access emission unit to be connected on the aerial array as network transmitter among the figure, the multilayer carrier multiple access that another aerial array is connected to for the network receiver receives unit;
Fig. 3 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, there is a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected on the time division duplex device as point-to a transmitter, another time division duplex device is connected to the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver for point-p-some receiver among the figure;
Fig. 3 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected on the time division duplex device as network transmitter among the figure, another time division duplex device is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver for the network receiver;
Fig. 4 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, there have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to an idle bit device (code nuller) among the figure to be upper as point-to a transmitter, another idle bit device is connected to the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver for point-p-some receiver;
Fig. 4 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected on the idle bit device as network transmitter among the figure, another idle bit device is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver for the network receiver;
Fig. 5 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, there have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter to be connected to a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer (frequency channelizer) among the figure to be upper as point-to a transmitter, another widely-dispersed channel multiplexer is connected to the multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver for point-p-some receiver;
Fig. 5 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access transmitter to be connected on the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer as network transmitter among the figure, another widely-dispersed channel multiplexer is connected to the multilayer carrier multiple access receiver for the network receiver;
Fig. 6 A represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group to be connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device group among the figure, the latter is connected to an aerial array and a multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver group by an anti-adapter again under the control of the multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter group that is used for point-p-some transceiver system;
Fig. 6 B represents the block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, have a multilayer carrier multiple access emission unit to be connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device group among the figure, the latter is connected to an aerial array by an anti-adapter again under the control of the multilayer carrier multiple access emission unit that is used for network system and a multilayer carrier multiple access receives unit;
Fig. 7 A is a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, the functional block diagram of included the sort of multilayer carrier spread spectrum transmitter among 5A and the 6A;
Fig. 7 B is a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, the functional block diagram of included the sort of multilayer carrier frequency spectrum receiver among 5A and the 6A;
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the base station that comprises in the system shown in Figure 1, and has represented a kind of like this possibility, and aerial array can spatially be differentiated the member in the communication system.Represented each functional emission machine and receiver transmission line comprise many channels, can support basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication medium;
Fig. 9 is a typical remote unit block diagram that comprises in the system shown in Figure 1, and has represented to support adaptive channel equalizer and the preemphasis function of basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication medium;
Figure 10 is the block diagram of a polynary T/R module, and it comprises a plurality of independently T/R modules that have separately an antenna.Can increase along with antenna amount, subtract the composition scale of system.Spatial manipulation occur in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) in the receiving course process after and before the number in the process of transmitting-Mo conversion (DAC) operates.All spaces and spread spectrum operation all are that the data of numeral are carried out.All critical frequencies in the system and reference clock for example are that gps clock obtains from a common clock all.The mechanism that has represented in the drawings a kind of modular calibration, it is in the TDD system oppositely being necessary accurately.
Figure 11 is a kind of block diagram of multilayer carrier spread spectrum modulator, independently being copied base band data in the middle of the multiplexing Kspread of scaler independent expanding element by one, offers a kind of adaptive multiplexer by scaler and is combined into a complex data vector;
Figure 12 is the block diagram of the multilayer carrier spread-spectrum Solution Expander of a digital complete adaptive mode.This Solution Expander comprises several channels, is used for processing each single-tone in the multilayer carrier spread-spectrum carrier wave medium;
Figure 13 has represented a routine BPSK multitone, and its data length is 6, and spreading coefficient Kspread is 4, and the interval between each group is 2.Each group unit g1-g4 is represented as having independently amplitude, can control by channel equalization and preemphasis, to anti-interference and other problem;
Figure 14 represents to recover " SCORE " processor of the signal x (t) that receives from an aerial array.The control of this processor comprises control filter h (t), frequency shift value α and conjugation control (*);
Figure 15 is a data flow chart, represent a kind of in the middle of two subset of cells the code gating SCORE de-spread operating process of gating;
Figure 16 is a data flow chart, represent a kind of in the middle of two subset of cells the code gating SCORE extended operation flow process of gating, it and Figure 15 are symmetrical;
Figure 17 is a kind of T/F form for the tdd communication systems of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 18 is a kind of effective single-tone form of basic DMT modulator-demodulator;
Figure 19 is the data flow chart that the emittor/receiver calibration steps is described;
Figure 20 is a kind of integrated single antenna T/R and the schematic diagram of Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulator-demodulator, can be used to realize a kind of DMT formula multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) system of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 21 has broadly represented a kind of single line code gating intersection-SCORE expander of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 22 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have the single line code gating intersection-SCORE de-spread operation of Kspread subset of cells;
Figure 23 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of single line intersection-SCORE algorithm of Nframe grouping/adapter frame;
Figure 24 is a data flow chart, is used for representing a kind of single adapter frame auto-correlation statistical calculation;
Figure 25 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of intersection of Kspread subset of cells-SCORE eigenfunction;
Figure 26 is a data flow chart, be used for the expression have Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells a kind of code key generator;
Figure 27 is a data flow chart, is used for a kind of code key generator of equivalence that expression has Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells;
Figure 28 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of intersection of Kpart subset-SCORE eigenfunction;
Figure 29 is a data flow chart, is used for representing to have a kind of intersection of two subset of cells-SCORE eigenfunction;
Figure 30 is a data flow chart, is used for representing a kind of multi-thread code gating intersection-SCORE expander of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 31 is a data flow chart, a kind of single line code gating that is used for representing in one embodiment of the invention proportion gating and two subset of cells automatically-the SCORE extended operation;
Figure 32 is a data flow chart, a kind of single line code gating that is used for representing proportion gating and two subset of cells automatically-operation of SCORE de-spread;
Figure 33 is a data flow chart, be used for representing proportion gating and two subset of cells a kind of automatically-the SCORE eigenfunction;
Figure 34 is a data flow chart, a kind of single line code gating that is used for representing adopting time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE expansion;
Figure 35 is a data flow chart, a kind of single line code gating that is used for representing adopting time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE de-spread.
Embodiment
A kind of communication system that represents the embodiment of the invention among Fig. 1 with total label 10, system 10 comprise a base station 11 with a plurality of far-end unit 12-17 transmitting and receiving services.As shown in Figure 1, the position of the far-end unit 12-17 around the base station 11 represents the various diverse locations in the three dimensions, can also suppose that all or one or more far-end are on each time point.There is a multiple element antenna 18 base station 11.Each far-end 12-17 has the antenna 19-24 of one correspondence, and wherein some also is multiple element antenna for this, and for example 21,23 and 24.The various forms of antenna 18-24 representative has the single one physical antenna that is connected to a transceiver, the sending and receiving antenna of isolation, and the aerial array that represents separately signal sensitivity between difference empty.In addition, some or all antenna 18-24 can adopt polarization diversity.That is to say that some antenna 18-24 can be positive direction finding polarization (for example antenna 20), some then can be negative direction finding polarization (for example antenna 22)." just/negative " polarization direction finding can be taked " horizontal/vertical " linear polarization, " clockwise/counterclockwise " Circular Polarisation, " tilting 45/135 " polarization etc.Actual noise is invasive system 10 from all quarter, and interference source is determined by the signal from specific direction often.Multipath signal between base station 11 and the far-end unit 12-17 is representing a kind of interference that may cause channel fading and other problem.
System 10 can also comprise the network topology logic of the multiple spot that embodied by the second base station 25 that is equipped with multiple element antenna 26-p-multiple spot and point-p-point.Multiple spot-p-multidrop network is a kind of upgrading of system shown in Figure 1, can use in the cellular system that adjacent interface of calls need to be controlled.Each base station in the network or remote transceiver can have antenna element and the spreading coefficient of any varying number, for example can expand to the frequency cells of varying number.Sterically defined interference may be from the unit of other multilayer carrier network and network internal and from other interference source, for example is the FDMA signal of jamming station or capped network.Actual noise is balance or invasive system lopsidedly from all quarter, and here the meaning of " balance " is isotropic noise.
The radio communication basic principle of system 10 be " multilayer carrier spread-spectrum " as herein described (SCSS), by base station 11 and each far-end unit 12-17 mutual transmission discrete a plurality of single-tones (DMT) of having in essence frequency diversity simultaneously.On each the group Discrete Multitone signal transmission from a unit 11-17, a base band data symbol is carried out spread-spectrum modulation.The receiver of appointment even can by the deep fading or being subject to separate channel carrier information on the strong discrete single-tone that disturbs realize that accurate data recover.
Can also further embody in various manners the present invention, for example the various combination embodiment shown in Fig. 2 A-6B.Each key element that adopts among Fig. 2 A-6B can be described with further reference to Fig. 7-16.Antenna in each array can be taked arbitrarily locus, and this array just can be worked effectively without the need for special antenna geometry.In addition, this antenna can move on polarization and space.
Fig. 2 A represents by a point-p-some transmitter 30 that is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) emission unit 32 formations on the multi-antenna array (AA) 34.Point-p-some receiver 36 comprises a multi-antenna array (AA) 38 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) the reception unit 40.The antenna of isolating on a plurality of spaces that each aerial array comprises transmitting and receive data.At Fig. 2 A or Fig. 2 B of the expansion of employing multilayer carrier and de-spread, not adding among 6A or the 6B for example is that adaptive line makes up and/or processes by the adaptive antenna array that the antenna that separates on a plurality of spaces transmits.This array self-adaptive processing has been included into the multilayer carrier expansion and has conciliate extended operation.
Fig. 2 B represents by a network transmitter 42 that is connected to multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) emission unit 44 formations on the multi-antenna array (AA) 46.Network receives unit 48 and comprises a multi-antenna array (AA) 50 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) the reception unit 52.
Fig. 3 A represents by the point-p-some transmitter 54 that is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 56 formations on the time division duplex device (TDD) 58.Point-p-some receiver 60 comprises a time division duplex device 62 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 64.
The network transmitter 66 that Fig. 3 B represents comprises multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 68 that is connected on the time division duplex device (TDD) 70.Network receiver 72 comprises a time division duplex device 74 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 76.
Fig. 4 A represents by the point-p-some transmitter 78 that is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 80 formations on the idle bit device 82.Point-p-some receiver 84 comprises an idle bit device 86 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 88.
Fig. 4 B represents by the network transmitter 90 that is connected to multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 92 formations on the idle bit device 94.Network receiver 96 comprises an idle bit device 98 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 100.
Fig. 5 A represents a point-p-some transmitter 102, and it comprises and is connected to multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 104 on the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 106.Point-p-some receiver 108 comprises a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 110 that is connected on multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 112.
Fig. 5 B represents a network transmitter 114, and it comprises and is connected to multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 116 on the widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 118.Network receiver 120 comprises a widely-dispersed channel multiplexer 122 that is connected on multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) receiver 124.
Fig. 6 A represents a kind of point-p-some transceiver system 126, multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) emission unit 128 wherein is connected to a synchronous time-division duplex device (TDD) group 130, and the latter is connected to 132 and multilayer carrier spread-spectrums of a multi-antenna array (AA) (SCSS) by an anti-adapter 136 again and receives unit 134 under the control of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) emission unit 128.
Fig. 6 B represents a kind of network system 138, it comprises a multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) transmitter 140 that is connected on the synchronous time-division duplex device (TDD) 142, and the time division duplex device is connected to 144 and multilayer carrier multiple access of a multi-antenna array (AA) (SCMA) by an anti-adapter 148 again and receives unit 146 under the control of multilayer carrier multiple access (SCMA) emission unit 140.
Fig. 7 A represents a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, included the sort of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) transmitter 150 among 5A and the 6A.SCSS transmitter 150 comprises a D-A converter (DAC) 152, is used for input digital data is converted to for the analog signal of transmitting.The analog information that is used for transmission can directly not inputted by DAC152.The each time modulation of the radio-frequency carrier in corresponding the up-conversion process comprise two or more channels (for example 1 ..., k).For example, each up conversion channel comprises a homophase (I) frequency mixer 154 and a quadrature (Q) frequency mixer 156 that is connected to 90 ° of phase shifters 158 and local oscillator (LO) 160.So just can control with modulation intelligence the amplitude of the AM carrier radio frequency of same-phase and quadrature phase.A pair of gain-controlled amplifier 162 and 164 can be regulated the amplitude of each same-phase and quadrature phase independently before being recombinated by adder 166.Peel off the out of band signal that may disturb adjacent channel with a band pass filter (BPF) 168.By the signal of a method of summated ratings device 170 combinations from all channels, and produce transmitter output, then offer an antenna.Expansion gain generator 172 periodically sends parallel output, is used for controlling all gain-controlled amplifiers 162 and 164 of each channel in a group.Offer a signal digital line that comprises in each control signals of each gain-controlled amplifier 162 and 164 for ON/OFF control, be used for the parallel digital control line of multidigit that discrete grey chroma color is set, or be used for continuously changing a simulation control line of gain setting.
A kind of apparent change to the analog circuit that is used for transmitter 150 and receiver 180 shown in Fig. 7 A and the 7B is to adopt digital trans multiplexer (" transmux ") design, for example is to adopt discrete Digital Logic or digital signal processor.
A kind of best alter mode of for example direct or trans multiplexer expansion shown in Fig. 7 A and the 7B being conciliate expansion scheme is Discrete Multitone (DMT) method of OFDM of the present invention (OFDM).
Referring to Fig. 7 A, when transmitter 150 work, some expansion gain output that expansion gain generator 172 produces receives than the easier appointed receiver of output that obtains with different expansion gains.Decay or interference that intervention radio communication environment between the transmitter and receiver will be compared other phase place and frequency usually to decay or the interference of some phase place and frequency are large.Comprise common-channel interference in the radio communication environment, disturb with the interior additivity of net between net, and the easier artificial disturbance that surpasses extended code and be difficult to eliminate at receiver/covering signal.The expansion gain output compensation of having the ability gets involved channel distortions in the radio communication environment and the impact of common-channel interference.Can determine with the sequence of imitation according to time or space in the best expansion gain output that any one moment should produce, or regulate according to the result that certain measurement such as communication qualities such as backchannel data is obtained.This extended code can compensate common-channel interference source and channel distortions.
Fig. 7 B represents a kind of Fig. 2 of being similar to A, 3A, 4A, included the sort of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) receiver 180 among 5A and the 6A, and can with transmitter 150 complementations shown in Fig. 7 A.The separator 181 of several independent channels of driven in parallel of SCSS receiver 180 usefulness receives analog signal.A typical channel comprises band pass filter 182, separator 183, common mode gain control amplifier 184, quadrature phase gain-controlled amplifier 185, the a pair of phase detectors 186 and 187 that driven by phase shifter 188 and local oscillator 189, and be used for all receiver channels are reassembled into the analog-digital converter (ADC) 190 of digital signal.Comprise homophase (I) frequency mixer 186 and quadrature (Q) frequency mixer 187 that is connected to 90 ° of phase shifters 188 and local oscillator (LO) 189 in each down conversion channel.Connect again a de-spread weighting generator 191, be used for controlling in each channel independently homophase and quadrature amplifier 184 and 185.
Fig. 8 represents a base station 230.In most preferred embodiment, for " idle bit (code nulling) ", adopt the de-spread weighting to increase to greatest extent signal-interference ratio and SNR; And according to most preferred embodiment, having introduced directivity and negative side tropism from the expansion gain that adapts to local expansion weighting derivation.Base station 230 is similar to the base station 11 of Fig. 1, it comprises adopts beam forming and far-end unit to carry out the aerial array 232 of beam wireless, transmitting/receiving (T/R) front end 234, one group of channel 236, data element converter 238, weight adaptation algorithm generator 240, many antennas multi-line Solution Expander 242, postpone and Doppler estimation device 243, postpone and Doppler sets of equalizers 244, with a symbol decoder group 246, it for example is a kind of Trellis decoder of the base band data channel of several recoveries of output.Can not have in the aerial array 232, some perhaps all is (for example antenna 233) of polarization diversity.
Some output base band data channel is connected to a symbol encoder group 248, for example is the Trellis encoder.From then on the transmission line that begins comprises and postponing and Doppler preemphasis group 250, many antennas multi-line expander 252, antenna and frequency channel transformer 254, be connected to the transmit/receive compensation group 255 of transmit/receive compensation algorithm generator 256, and a reverse channel multiplexer group 257 that is connected to T/R front end 234.A transmitting/receiving grouping trigger 258 receives the alternation sum duration that independently transmits and receives the time in gps time transinformation and the control T/R front end 234.The aerial array of this base station can also only have an antenna element.In a most preferred embodiment, the time division duplex DMT of grouping or the work that the OFDM modulator and demodulator is carried out reverse channel multiplexer and channel multiplexer are adopted in the base station.
Can be referring to people such as Boulle at IEEE PIMRC'94 about the code modulated more information of use Trellis, " the An Overview of Trellis Coded Modulation Research in COST231 " that delivers on the pp.105-109.
The far-end unit 260 of an embodiment of expression among Fig. 9.Far-end unit 260 is similar to the far-end unit 12-17 of Fig. 1, it comprises the aerial array 262 that radio communication is carried out in the space of adopting combination and frequency spectrum diversity and base station, transmitting/receiving (T/R) front end 264, one group of channel 266, data element converter 268, weight adaptation algorithm generator 270, many antennas Solution Expander 272, postpone and Doppler estimation device 273, postpone and Doppler sets of equalizers 274, with a symbol decoder 276, it for example is a kind of data decoder of the base band data channel of a recovery of output.Can not have in the aerial array 262, some perhaps all is (for example antenna 263) of polarization diversity.
Output base band data channel is connected to a symbol encoder 278, for example is a data encoder.From then on the transmission line that begins comprises and postponing and Doppler pre-emphasis unit 280, many antennas expander 282, antenna and frequency channel transformer 284, be connected to the transmit/receive compensation group 285 of transmit/receive compensation algorithm generator 286, and a reverse channel multiplexer group 287 that is connected to T/R front end 264.A transmitting/receiving grouping trigger 288 receives the alternation sum duration that independently transmits and receives the time in gps time transinformation and the control T/R front end 264.
The aerial array of this base station can only have an antenna element.The antenna amount of each far-end unit can be different.The expense that so just can change far-end unit according to importance or the data rate of a concrete unit.Far-end unit can adopt different spreading rates.The data of their can be in the employed channel of base station transceiver different subset expansions oneself.In a most preferred embodiment, far-end unit adopts the time division duplex DMT of grouping or the work that the OFDM modulator and demodulator is carried out reverse channel multiplexer and channel multiplexer.Difference between base station and the far-end unit is that the base station is receiving and transmitting signal, namely multiple access from a plurality of nodes.Each far-end unit only is the data flow that transmitting-receiving needs oneself.Channel equalization technique and idle bit all are limited methods for adapting to expansion and de-spread weighting.
Figure 10 represents a kind of many antenna transmission/receiver modules 290.Module 290 comprises a multi-antenna array 291, and each cell is connected to a corresponding single channel T/R module 292, for example is four.Each T/R module 292 is connected to a grouping trigger 293, receiver calibration generator 294, local oscillator 295 and a system clock 296.They are all driven by gps clock and Doppler correction signal.Each T/R module 292 comprises a T/R switch 297, intermediate frequency (IF) downconverter 298, analog-digital converter (ADC) 299, D-A converter (DAC) 300, IF up converter 301 and a power amplifier (PA) 302.Receive weighted information at the receiving course learning, and in emission process, be used for setting the relevant transmitting power that offers each antenna element, with compensate for channel decline or interference.It should be noted that the polarization of transmit/receive module all must be independent drive if polarization diversity is adopted in the base station.
Reception and transmission time slot triggered in the specific time, and the accurate generalized time that can provide according to the global positioning system (GPS) that United States Department of Defense uses is independently originated and determined according to pseudo-random fashion.This gps time is to be obtained by the navigation system on the circuit board that resides in communications platform, allows the receiver side of each T/R module 292 know a corresponding time slot of grouping.Gps time also is used for obtaining local oscillator and the ACD/DAC clock that uses in the system.Receiver side does not need with the far-end emission source synchronous.Particularly receiver system did not need to know propagation delay between the communicator and the scope of Doppler frequency displacement before receiving first packet.Yet, may know scope between the communicator in certain precision in some applications, speed postpones and the Doppler frequency displacement.Before receiving first packet, do not need to know the scope between the communicator, the scope of propagation delay and Doppler frequency displacement.
Calibration mode only is choice for use as required.For example be in the once beginning of transmission, or indicate and to carry out during calibration at built in diagnostics.
In Figure 12, mirror image simulation coding as shown in figure 11, expansion and modulation operations are carried out demodulation, de-spread and decode operation.Data flow among Figure 11 can reflect the data flow among Figure 12, and Figure 11 is identical with 12 data flow, and being added in mutually among figure just changed output among another figure.This symmetry for example has the DMT modulator and demodulator, frequency translation and inverse transformation operation, and extended operation is conciliate in expansion, and extended operation is conciliate in the expansion of coding gating.The structure of the structure mirror image Solution Expander of expander.The CDMA transceiver of prior art does not have such symmetry.Symmetry is a key character in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is illustrated in and is used for multiplexing a kind of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum (SCSS) modulator of channel among the embodiment 300.Come the frame generation instruction of auto-navigation and coded system 302 to make a signal modulator 304 with astronomical ephemeris, the position, speed, acceleration and out of Memory are encoded into a kind of Kcell symbol data vector.Then use one group of base band single-tone of these symbol-modulated or quick Fourier transformation (FFT) bins.Be K in expander 306 SpreadIndividual independent expanding element copies this K CellThe base band single-tone, independently the expansion gain is synthetic for antenna " 1 " and frequency cells " h " to multiply by one, for example complex constant be multiply by on a 50-50 basis each symbol in the cell, and offers the K that a time-multiplexed device is combined into cell generated data Active-long vector, K wherein Active〉=K Cell* K SpreadWith this generated data vector offer a zero attenuation oppositely-FFT operator 308 is directly changed into the * K of KFFT 〉=(1+SF) with data vector ActiveIn real time-and the IF time sampling, " SF " wherein represents " shape factor " or the ratio from the stopband to the passband in this system.Then with first E in this time series Roll* the KFFT sampling copies 310 one-tenth K Packet=(1+E Roll) * KFFT-long data sequence.Multiplier 312 usefulness are from the K of a Kaiser-Bessel window 314 Packet-long data multiply by this sequence, produces final sampled signal.Then sampled signal is offered D-A converter and produce a T Packet* K Packet/ fs-long data burst offers upconverter and communication channel, and fs wherein is the compound sampling speed of DPC/DNC module.It is all consistent with gps time to be used for reducing transmit all parameters of feature, and the node in the communication network is launched simultaneously.Each antenna in the system repeats this process.
In baseline system 300, comprise the symbol according to base band single-tone coding.Each K CellAn independent single-tone in the data bit modulation signal base band equals 0 or 1 if be used for modulating the data bit of single-tone, just with 0 or 180 ° single-tone is carried out phase-modulation respectively.This monotone is very effective under admissible transmitting power.It can remedy the fragility of radio radiation detection technique, can be with the low Eb/N0 that the reaches 3dB bit sequence of demodulation emission reliably.On oneself the relevant basis of conjugation of single-tone phase sequence, the BPSK form can adopt effective and perfect method to eliminate from the de-spread data regularly and carrier shift.
This computing is for single antenna, and each the frequency cells k that for example transceiver is adopted uses different synthetic expansion gain g with antenna 1 K1This path counting-use packet expansion coefficient e before the Mo conversion operations RollWith the packet samples length K Packet=(1+e Roll) KFFT sampling (T after the DAC operation Packet=(1+e Roll) the TFFT duration).Can be according to expansion weighting w K1According to code book, at random, the modes such as pseudorandom or self adaptation are determined expansion gain g by par K1
The information digit of each data symbol is Kbit.BPSK is a kind of simple coding strategy, and coding wherein is left in the basket, and Kbit=1.The platform astronomical ephemeris, the position, speed, and acceleration information is some examples of the data that can send in some applications.BPSK is not that those application of system's subject matter are best modulation systems for data rate.
Comprised selectively in other embodiments and having postponed and the operation of Doppler preemphasis.After initial marshalling, take this mode in order to eliminate the delay of the signal of launching from the DMT modulator and the impact of Doppler frequency displacement at the receiver of appointment.Thisly operate in the design that to simplify transceiver in the network, will postpone and Doppler eliminates operation and concentrates in the base station and finish.
Along with the generation to the expansion concept of multiple access transceiver, can in multi-user's transceiver, independently expand gain (gk1 (m)) with one group and expand the data symbol that offers user m.
Figure 12 represents a kind of digital complete adaptive de-spread and beam forming receiver 320.The background of this technology can referring to the people such as Tsoulos in March, 1994 at IEEE#1-7803-1927, " the Application of Adaptive Antenna Technology to Third Generation Mixed Cell Radio Architectures " that delivers on the pp.615-619.From the frame reception instruction of the navigation of receiver and coded system 322 so that demodulator of PM signal PM 324 from K ArrayCollect a string T on the individual array antenna 326 Gate-long frame emission and execution analog-to-digital conversion, T GateK GateThe duration that individual sampling takies.This is comprising a T Guard-long time slot transmits and receives propagation delay (T unknown between the link with solving Gate=T Packet+ T Guard), T wherein PacketThe time span of grouping, T GuardK GuardThe time interval that individual sampling takies.From K of each ADC output GateThen-long number digital data frame offers the sparse FFT328 of a window type zero decline, by the single-tone that the integer in FFT storehouse separates packet switched is arrived frequency domain with each.
The FFT storehouse is provided for a demultiplexer 330, eliminates useless FFT storehouse from the data group that receives, and remaining storehouse is organized into K Cell* (K Spread* K Array) data matrix, this wherein comprises the single-tone that receives from the expanding element of each emission, K wherein SpreadThat frequency expansion is sparse, K CellThe symbolic number of each pre-expansion data cell, and K ArrayIt is the number of antenna.The common-channel interference that covers unit is eliminated by one group of linear synthesizer 332 in each growth data unit, and to the original base band symbol single-tone de-spread from the data group that receives.Utilize the code gating to come the weighting of adaptive synthesizer from relevant restoration methods, the data-signal de-spread to receiving simultaneously, and carry out space filtering according to many antenna receptions of frequency and useful spread signal.
The synthesizer weighting is used to construct one group of emission weighting that can be used for follow-up reverse transfer.Then this single-tone is offered that Doppler frequency displacement (non-integer FFT storehouse-frequency displacement) from the receive data group is assessed and eliminated to a delay and Doppler balanced unit 334 and linear propagation postpones (phase place is leading).Assessed the information symbol of emission by a symbol demodulator 336.
Then, receive by the packet of each user emission by de-spread, and from the interference environment that receives, extract.Until according to high signal-interference ratio and SNR to after the baseband signal de-spread, even in the situation that intense noise and common-channel interference are arranged, processor does not need to have accurate timing/carrier synchronization with transmitter,
On receiver, from channel, extract the K by user m emission CellSymbol is with identical synthetic expansion weighting w K1(m) K for receiving on frequency cells k and the antenna 1 CellThe one by one weighting of individual single-tone, then single-tone ground is added together these unit one by one, allows the single-tone q in each frequency cells that receives become all K that use in the system Spread* K ArrayThe summation of individual frequency cells and antenna.
The blended space of the best minimum number of each polynary transceiver and frequency spectrum degree of freedom K Array* K Spread, in order to make the non-stacked carrier-in-interference source of invading each frequency cells inoperative.The remaining degree of freedom is used to improve the SINR of de-spread baseband signal or be used for separating stacked multilayer carrier signal.Then the weighting of regulon Solution Expander makes the power of de-spread baseband signal reach maximum.So just formed a kind of idle bit solution, stronger than conventional de-spread method significantly.Desirable Solution Expander is regulated the de-spread weighting, makes non-stacked carrier-in-interference source drop to noise level on each frequency cells and inoperative, improves simultaneously the SINR of despread signal.Polynary Solution Expander can also weaken zero-bit significantly, resists the interference source of weak radio signal in given frequency cells.Can be aligned in the interference source that receives with faint power in the given frequency cells with soft idle bit.For example, if the interference source frequency spectrum has faint value in some characteristic frequency, just can aim at weak idle bit the outer of interference source passband.
In general, the de-spread weighting that comprises adaptive antenna array can obviously improve the signal transmission and receive quality and the capacity that operates.For receiver one side of system, can adopt and grope or non-calibration steps is aimed in the useful signal near desirable wave beam, aim at interference signal with idle bit simultaneously.
In general be to regulate like this de-spread weighting, making the de-spread baseband signal for example is signal-interference ratio and signal to noise ratio (SINR) maximum of the data symbol of estimation.The one group of idle bit de-spread weighting that produces like this from originally be used for the expansion gain of expansion base band signal at the other end of link and have significantly different.The de-spread weighting that particularly produces like this can be eliminated channel distortions simultaneously, for example selection gain and the decline that cause of Multipath Transmission.De-spread can realize the compromise of a kind of the best between these two needing peak signal-interference recently to eliminate the maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) of interference that transceiver receives and Solution Expander needs.In the DSSS and cdma system of routine, the despreading show code is configured to equal the extended code of the other end of link, and only makes the SNR of de-spread baseband signal maximum.
This operation is carried out in an embodiment of the present invention gropingly, does not know emission expansion gain and channel distortions at Solution Expander.The inner agreement of using of energy simplified network allows the expansion gain of the transceiver use the unknown in network like this.The expansion gain that also allows to adopt adaptability to determine alleviates the noise that transceiver runs into with continuing to optimize in transmission course, disturb and channel distortions.
This scheme can be improved polynary SCMA or the SCSS transceiver that adopts aerial array, do not need expansion, and de-spread, or gain/Weighted adaptive algorithm carries out any substantial modification.Difference is the dimension of the polynary expansion reconciliation extended operation of polynary transceiver.Yet because the degree of freedom is larger, polynary transceiver has larger capacity can be used for separating the SCSS signal.Can improve by scope and/or the vulnerability to jamming of radiation measurement checkout gear interception, because it can be by other transmitter control spatial beams in the network.Making the invalid ability of interference signal from the space owing to possessed, is from frequency range widely even disturb, and also can improve to the vulnerability to jamming from the interference of non-SCSS signal.
The method for rapidly converging that individual data grouping is worked also can make up mutually with multiplexing useful signal or the processor structure of channel, to the removing method that the interference source signal takes frequency to select, do not need the array calibration data or know or estimate directed useful signal or interference source signal.System 10 (Fig. 1) can detect under the high dynamic environment of the channel geometry significant change between the grouping and the demodulating data grouping.Like this, processor just can operate under typical overload environment, and the amount of interference of this moment is no less than the antenna amount in the receiver antenna array.
Transmitter one side in system can adopt orientation or reverse adaptive approach, return useful signal with maximum power and/or minimum transmitted radio signal (directional pattern) to the emission source orientation, or be inconjunction with in the direction of interference source and return useful signal (reverse mode) with minimum radiation direction emission source orientation.
In the application of the transmitter that those compatibilities that non-SCSS is disturbed are not subject matter, or disturb transmit and receive the situation that platform is not in same position, directional pattern is useful.This pattern can also be used for the occasion that communications platform is disturbed by serious non-SCSS, for example is to transmit in the situation of maximum power to the other end of communication link.
Can accurately measure with processor the useful signal control vector of reception, even covered fully at interference source in the situation of useful signal passband and class interval, also maximum beam-forming can be returned the other end of communication link, the useful signal that does not need to know reception is from where.System 10 (Fig. 1) can transmit K to the other end of communication link AraayCoefficient is high-power, for system provides vulnerability to jamming to any interference.Even the other end of communication link is to adopt single antenna to transmit and receive also and can realize.Otherwise system 10 (Fig. 1) also can use K AraayThe coefficient small-power is kept communication link.So just can be according to COEFFICIENT K AraayThe geographic range of coming reduction system to be detected by the enemy.
In Fig. 6 A and 6B by oppositely-reverse modes that adapter 136 and 148 embodies are useful for the situation that position and the interference source of tapping device is in same position, for example can be used to assess the artificial disturbance strategy validity.This strategy is the most useful under the underload environment, can point to interference source with the broadband spacing wave.
Figure 13 represents a kind of single frames numeral multitone (DMT) modulation and extended format 340.Form 340 for example can be used for K Cell=6 and K Spread=4 environment, each expanding element is separated by two FFT storehouses, namely K Space=2.Six data bit maps that at first will need to send become one group ± data symbol.On the FFT storehouse of four expanding elements according to the distinctive synthetic weighting g in each unit kRepeatedly with six base band FFT storehouses of symbol excitation.Gain is expanded in this synthetic weighting exactly, it to each packet according at random or pseudo-random fashion arrange.In frequency domain, carry out this expansion, multiply by baseband signal in the time domain with one group of overlapping or stacked synthesis sine carrier waveform.Actual expansion is finished by a large-scale FFT of direct-drive storehouse, has significantly reduced the complexity of calculating, the capacity that makes output FFT have appropriateness.Adopt in the present invention the Kaiser-Bessel window of β=9 to come space between " filling up " single-tone, do not allow interference between these single-tones and the adjacent single-tone generation single-tone.Particularly the β of high value can produce interference between adjacent single-tone, and the interference of being separated by between the farther single-tone is very little.
Non-grope or collimation technique produces desirable weighting with the knowledge of baseband data sequence or channel distortions and expansion gain according to the signal estimation method of optimizing; For example be to adopt technics of least squares.Grope or non-collimation technique utilizes in the baseband signal more generally characteristic to come adaptive de-spread weighting.The mixing that also can adopt these technology with the known of baseband signal and/or transmission channel and not principal component construct a kind of effective scheme.The example of especially effectively groping technology comprises constant-modulus, compound-modulus and orientation determination technology.For example be to come adaptive de-spread weighting with the characteristic of a text symbol group of stars.In demodulator (Figure 12), there are many methods can be used for adaptive polynary de-spread weighting.A kind of model prediction that is dominant (DMP) method is at first arranged, and it has drawn the known grouping time of advent or the advantage of the known extensions parameter of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal.Secondly also have the code gating from relevant (SCORE) method of recovering, it has drawn the advantage of the non-null relation between the known certainly relevant or signal component of spread spectrum in the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal.
In this two classes basic skills, certainly relevant recovery technology surveys for single packet and the detection of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier signal has the highest value.
Conventional frequency spectrum and other types certainly relevant recovers to have drawn known frequency spectrum and/or conjugation from the advantage of coherence.This is a kind of frequency displacement of given signal of communication and/or the non-null relation between the conjugation composition.The method of groping does not need to know in advance the content of useful signal or the source of signal.Thereby do not need to train with specific receiver calibration information the aerial array of receiver.The method of groping is to have adopted self to the be mutually related knowledge of specific frequency shift of useful signal.Referring to B.Agee, S.Schell, W.Gardner, " Self-Coherence Restoral:A New Approach to Blind Adaptation of Antenna Arrays; " in Proceedings of the Twenty-First Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1987.Can also be referring to B.Agee, S.Schell, W.Gardner, " Self-Coherence Restoral:A New Approach to Blind Adaptative Signal Extraction Using Antenna Arrays; " IEEE Proceedings, Vol.78, No.4, pp.753-767, April 1990.Can also be referring to B.Agee, " The Property Restoral Approach to Blind Adaptative Signal Extraction, " Ph.D.Dissertation, University of California, Davis, CA, 1989.
In a kind of bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal, because the form of bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal, also because true-IF performance, that any sort signal is processed is true-the IF performance is all symmetrical with its carrier frequency and DC conjugation.These symmetries are offset each other, cause the positive and negative frequency content of signal to be equal to each other.Useful signal by calculating the amplitude modulation of bilateral frequency band and by frequency displacement the coefficient correlation between the self-replication product of two times of carrier waves can observe this perfect frequency spectrum from the coherence.The frequency displacement operator mixes the negative frequency composition mutually with the frequency band that the positive frequency composition occupies, and makes coefficient correlation have the value of non-zero.Only be when this frequency shift value is used to duplicate, just this nonzero value can occur.Coefficient correlation is less than the integer in this example.Just can obtain an integer coefficient correlation by irrelevant non-being laminated with the signal wireless signal of telecommunication of filtering in the bilateral frequency band amplitude-modulated signal of original and frequency displacement.
Certainly relevant recovery (SCORE) processor 350 of a kind of intersection of employing is carried out the recovery to the data-signal x (t) of antenna reception more than in Figure 14.Processor 350 is at first by a series of filtering, and frequency displacement and adjoint operator are processed the data of reception, produce one only with the relevant signal u (t) of signal of processor aiming.Then make original and treated signal x (t)=u (t) can make synthesizer output signal y (t)=w by a pair of " x (t) and r (t)=c " wave beam and the idle bit adjuster (linear element synthesizer) 352 and 354 of coefficient correlation maximum between the u (t).The control parameter that is used for aiming at processor has the filter operator that usually is configured to a delay operator, frequency shift value α and conjugation sign (*).These processor parameters are arranged on the value that can produce powerful coefficient correlation when not disturbing, and for example are sending in the situation of useful signal to processor.
Figure 15 and 16 is illustrated in the code gating operation of adopting in the general code gating SCORE operation.Some code gating structure need to be revised expander and Solution Expander data flow and structure thereof significantly.A kind of method that can be used for code gating SCORE Solution Expander adaptive algorithm has been described herein.Also exist can be between grouping or between frequency cells inside rather than the frequency cells additive method of run time version gating.For example be the K that is striding the even number grouping CellIndividual baseband signalling is with gating code repeating data symbol, and can not have influence on the data flow by expander and Solution Expander.
Figure BDA00002284454200241
Figure BDA00002284454200251
The code gating has recovered to draw communication system and has possessed advantage from coherence messages from relevant, and for the self adaptation expander offers convenience, but the gated information of only obtaining in the communication system just can be known this information.Present invention includes two kinds of code gating SCORE methods.
Be suitable for most a kind of of multiple accessing communication and before relevant restoration methods is included in extended operation the base band telegraph signal taked the operation of unique code gating, it is determined uniquely to each link in the communication system.For example, if each unit of frequency cells is divided into even number and odd number two subsets, and only the odd number subset is adopted code key, shown in Figure 15 and 16.Adopt the method spread data symbol shown in Figure 11 and the relevant explanation in the even number subset.
The odd number subset is also crossed over the similar extended method of employing.Yet at first the data symbol run time version gating operation to sending with these unit be multiply by a constant modulus code key c (m) different to each user m in the network=[c with these unit 4(m)].This operating on the multiple access Solution Expander is opposite.After de-spread operation but before the output of the Solution Expander that dual numbers and odd number frequency cells adopt is made up, multiply by the code key c* (m) of conjugation with the odd number frequency cells.On the transceiver of an alone family (SCSS), the single code key run time version gating operation of only this SCSS transceiver being adopted.In obtaining the process of single packet, (conjugation) code key with de-spread before linear combination operation offers each odd number frequency cells that each transceiver antenna receives.
The effect of code gating operation is to allow the signal that sends with this code key have unified coefficient correlation between even number and odd number frequency cells after the odd number frequency cells multiply by the de-spread code key.Otherwise same code gating operation can make the every other signal that adopts different code keys to send have very little coefficient correlation between even number and odd number frequency cells.Unless (suppose the unknown) delay and Doppler frequency displacement occur receiving signal, all can keep this state.Then the signal of crossing over gained is directly inputted to intersection shown in Figure 14-SCORE algorithm, use therein even number (not having gating) frequency cells to replace x (t), and with odd number (gating) frequency cells replacement u (t), t conventional letter index q=1 wherein, ..., K CellRather than time index.The de-spread weighting can make the coefficient correlation between the output of the de-spread information synthesizer that puts on even number and odd number frequency cells maximum.
This method only just can detect any link of conciliating in the extended network clearly according to code key known on the link.Accurately whether in the SCSS transceiver of alone family, transceiver is the link de-spread to communicating with only, do not need extra operation to obtain this link and identify signal that its transmits.If temporarily lose owing in long-distance transmission, unfavorable channel conditions such as " port shuffle " occurs, can also automatically recover link.On multi-user SCMA transceiver, this method only just can detect clearly according to the known codes key that uses during to transceiver with node link, each bar link that de-spread and identification transceiver are supported port can not occur along with the variation of channel condition and transfer or shuffle.This code key can be by comprising that the code gating operates in interior scramble and realizes maintaining secrecy.
Can also summarize basic code gating SCORE method with various ways.Particularly can dual numbers and the odd number frequency adopt code key, so just can improve the correlation between fail safe and the removal frequency cells.The code gating can also be applied to time rather than frequency, adopts the code gating that is left in the basket during the even number grouping and carries out in all frequency cells during the odd number grouping to send data symbol in follow-up grouping.If extended code is remained unchanged in these paired groupings, this scheme just can with more effectively automatically-the SCORE method adapts to the de-spread weighting.
Can also use a large amount of frequencies or grouping subset in system, each subset adopts one group of independently code key.In this case, Solution Expander adopts the intersection SCORE method of a kind of broad sense that obtains from the super vector of intersection-SCORE eigen[value is explained.Referring to B.Agee, " The Property-Restoral Approach to Blind Adaptive Signal Extraction, " in Proc.1989CSI-ARO Workshop on Advanced Topics in Communications, May1989, Ruidoso, NM; And B.Agee, " The Property Restoral Approach to Blind Adaptive Signal Extraction, " Ph.D.Dissertation, University of California, Davis, CA, June1989.The quantity of the multiple accessing communication that transceiver can be supported descends along with increasing of frequency subsets quantity, but the stability of weighted calculation makes moderate progress, and noise descends, and the non-multilayer carrier elimination ability of this algorithm remains unchanged.The restriction of frequency subsets quantity equals spreading coefficient K Spread
The code gating adopts multiple unit directly to extract useful baseband signal from the relevant pattern that is dominant of recovering eigen[value from the super vector of channelized data from relevant restoration methods.The method is carried out the space filtering of frequency dependence simultaneously, each the unit internal combination antenna element on the useful signal of expansion, and to result's data-signal de-spread, be combined into frequency cells.
As long as the accessible maximal solution expansion of the packet that receives and beam forming SINR are positive, the code gating just can receive effectively operation on the SINR at plus or minus from relevant restoration methods.The method can be used as a kind of intrinsic de-spread, and the linear combination operator adapts to aerial array.Antenna to any amount comprises K Array=1 single antenna system can adopt identical method.The code gating does not need to know in advance expansion gain or the text sequence on basis from relevant restoration methods on its any execution point.This method does not need the text sequence search time of de-spread or Doppler frequency displacement.
The code gating is used for detecting new signal grouping from the relevant Dominant Eigenvalue that recovers eigen[value when opening communication link first.Receiver is worked as required, returns pulse to the other end when sending a grouping in communication channel.
Also can adopt additive method in the raising or effectively detect the packet of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier after relevant recovery of code gating.Particularly predict the maximum code gating from the relevant average and standard deviation that recovers eigenvalue with the code gating from the relevant minority Dominant Eigenvalue that recovers eigen[value, thereby greatly improved detecting reliability.Then the mean value with prediction reduces real dominant eigenvalue, and calibrates according to the standard deviation of prediction, has greatly strengthened the statistical trends of correct detection.
Additive method is to adopt downstream de-spread and demodulation operator to guarantee that grouping detects between relevant convalescence at the code gating.
Initial Doppler during obtaining the first packet recovers to adopt the spatial scalability equalizer of frequency domain analogue, extract the first packet at the reception place FFT that full weight is built, and with a kind of linear interpolation the as a result output signal that downconverts to launch site frequency reconstruction is carried out secondary sampling.Adopting suitable adaptive approach that the data at single-tone center are carried out Result for Combinations samples again.Adopting least square characteristic recovery algorithms for example is the modulus variation that the constant modulus method reduces the de-spread data symbol as far as possible.The characteristic that least square constant modulus method has been drawn the transmitting data single-tone that adopts the generation of BPSK modulation format has the advantage of constant modulus, but, if the Doppler frequency displacement of the signal of emission experience is the non-integer multiple at single-tone interval, this characteristic is just destroyed.Least square constant modulus method is that the Solution Expander output signal is recovered this characteristic.All these operations are all in obvious Doppler frequency displacement with carry out under the environment path delay.Referring to B.Agee, " The Least-Squares CMA:A New Approach to Rapid Correction of Constant Modulus Signals; " in Proc.1986, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol.2, pg.19.2.1, April1986, Tokyo, Japen.
There are two kinds of methods can be used for producing antenna array weights into transfer of data.Reverse transfer and conjugation receive weighting the emission weighting are set pro rata, and directional pattern and conjugation grouping control vector arrange the emission weighting pro rata.The most suitable civilian telecommunications of reverse mode and military range intercommunication are used, and interference signal may be other members in the multi-point communication network.
Directional pattern is suitable for transmitter major concern disguise most and artificial disturbance and interception platform are not in the application scenario of same position.It is useful that this pattern suffers in the strong application of disturbing at communications platform, in order to communicate by letter in the situation that has the interference radio radiation, must transmit maximum power to the other end of communication link.Yet this method does not have attraction character to the oriented energy from other interference in the cooperation communication system.
Directional pattern also provides a kind of multiplier adaptive strategy, if space link adopts very large coupling spreading coefficient, and the complexity of simplified solution expander greatly just.
The reverse transfer pattern has been described herein.Reverse mode is the transmitter antenna array weighting to be arranged on equal the conjugation array weight that the signal reception period is calculated.Drop on the same frequency band if transmit and receive operator, and any inherent difference that transmits and receives between the path is balanced that transmitter antenna array just adopts the gain figure identical with the receiver antenna array.The invalid direction of direction assessment that transmitter antenna array may occur disturbing at the signal reception period.The invalid degree of depth that adopts on all directions is to determine according to the interference strength that receives.
In this article, g kA K Array* 1 vector, and the polynary expansion vector of representative employing by frequency cells " K " emission the time, the polynary de-spread vector w that adopts when receiver receives by frequency cells " K " kRepresentative, it also is a K Array* 1 vector.
Embodiments of the invention are selected the emission weighting for frequency a kind of optimum structure are provided, and adopt one group of different K at each expanding element Array* 1 expansion (gk) weighting is expanded the emission grouping.A kind of frequency is set selects oppositely emission weighting, the K that adopts in each frequency cells with the signal reception period Array* 1 linear synthesizer de-spread weighting w k(polynary) expansion gain g is set pro rata k, make g k=λ w kThis pattern is effective especially for the environment that is subjected to the wide-band interferer domination, because the restriction that the aerial array that the invalid degree of depth that produces can be subject to adopting in each frequency cells disperses.In this case, processor can make interference source invalid on frequency and space.Transmitter antenna array only makes each interference source on those occupied frequency cells of interference source invalid.Be conducive to like this receive the useful signal grouping, still, if with target alignment packet radio signal of telecommunication away from position of interference source on whole grouping passband, do not affect grouping of emission.If the quantity of local frequency interference source has surpassed the antenna element quantity in the aerial array, any means all can not reach this purpose.
The directional transmissions pattern is arranged on the transmitter antenna array weighting and equals (conjugation) K Array* 1 grouping control vector.If transmitting and receiving operator drops on the same frequency band, just the maximum wireless electrical power can be pointed to the other end of communication link by the aerial array that obtains in any difference that transmits and receives between the path in the balanced in the past transmitting/receiving handoff procedure suitably, or launch radio energy with minimum and close this link.Directional antenna can be ignored the position of interference source, and for example, it only is that hypothesis interception machine is any position that is in the communication link scope.
The present invention can realize orientation method on the basis that frequency is selected.It can provide some benefits, but broadband connections; Link exception because the scope that grouping control vector changes in the grouping passband very greatly, has a large amount of K SpreadValue, or communication channel high degree of dispersion.Yet this is unimportant, because the maximum power pattern can not be subject to dividing into groups to control the grievous injury of the secondary error in the vector.
If communication link is subject to strong artificial disturbance, or must for example be assessment grouping control vector in the single grouping at short commitment defini interval, the error of assessment may be very large.Particularly too simple method can cause the directional transmitter aerial array to point to the powerful wave beam of sources of environmental interference emitted energy.Directional transmission method or grouping control vector evaluator should be simply to being enough to realize that with cheap means still being sophisticated to again is enough to work reliably in the desired extent of artificial disturbance and transmission environment.
There are three kinds of control vector appraisal procedures available.The firstth, correlation technique utilizes the relation between the grouped data that receives and assess to assess grouping control vector.The secondth, polynary ML-Analogy adopts according to suitable simplified condition and exists PRML (ML) evaluator that obtains in the situation of channel multiplexing (polynary) data to assess grouping and controls vector.The 3rd is the parameter method, adopts suitable parameter model to retrain grouping control vector, thereby further optimizes polynary evaluator.
Correlation technique is to assess the simplest method in the middle of three kinds of methods of grouping control vector.The weakness of this method is, considers the assessment that obtains under the condition that has single interference source, and the grouping control vector that this assessment narrows down to according to the interference source that receives and the calibration of the cross correlation between the packet signal adds interference source control vector.Be far longer than the 1/S of interference source signal for this cross correlation being reduced to zero meta-bandwidth product when required (sampling), for example, if interference source than strong 50 dB of grouping signal, just need to 1,000,000 sampling.Therefore, this method is normally worthless.
PRML (ML) the appraisal procedure assessment grouping control vector that other two kinds of method utilizations are optimized overcomes this restriction.The assessment result that produces can be utilized simply (non-parameter) or parameter to control vector model and provide accurate control vector assessed value under broadband or the condition of local frequency interference source existing.Can also predict with the Cramer-Rao marginal analysis of routine in addition the performance of these assessed values.
For useful performance bounds is derived in any non-parameter control vector assessment that obtains in the polynary environment.The Data Segmentation that receives is become Kspread independent frequency unit, comprise one in each unit according to the compound control vector calibration of the unknown and be subject to known (or estimation) grouping base band of extra compound Gaussian interference effect.Simulate control vector in the Pe unit with ak=gk, " a " wherein is (frequency independently) grouping control vector, and gk gains in the single antenna packet expansion that the scalar potential that Kth expanding element obtains receives.Suppose that it is independently that compound Gaussian disturbs unit, and in Kth unit, temporarily write average value of zero and unknown autocorrelation matrix
Figure BDA00002284454200321
Suppose that grouping control vector a is a kind of any complex of the Karray n dimensional vector n of Karray dimension, for example, a not only is confined to any parameter model group (for example being the set of matrices of parameter take azimuth and the elevation angle).The control vector assessment of adopting this model to set up for example has non-parameter technology.Referring to H.Van Trees, Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I, New York:Wiley, 1968.Adopt the Cramer-Rao bounding theory, just can obtain any agonic assessed value, it has the Evaluation accuracy (root-mean-square error) that is defined by given Cramer-Rao border.Matrix R is translated into the interference autocorrelation matrix
Figure BDA00002284454200322
" on average " of broad sense, it equals the inverse of average contrary autocorrelation matrix.
In most preferred embodiment, space control vector and spread spectrum gain (gk) adopt following formula to calculate
R = ( Σ k = 1 K spread | g k | 2 R H k H k - 1 ) - 1
a = R ( Σ k = 1 K spread g k w k )
And
g k = w k H a a H R H k H k - 1
RHKHK wherein is the data autocorrelation matrix of measuring at the adapter block of spectrum unit K, and wk is the spatial component of the upper de-spread weighting of adopting of spectrum unit K.Control vector and de-spread gain can also be used to the de-spread weighting wk of computed improved, then can be used for carrying out spatial manipulation (linear combination of each frequency cells) and frequency spectrum processing (linear combinations of all frequency cells) in multistage de-spread program.
Multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio electrical communication equipment shown in Fig. 1-14 combines the idle bit technology that other embodiment of the present invention provides.The idle bit interference cancellation techniques can make up effectively with the multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique.About the details of idle bit technology can referring to Brian Agee " Solving the Near-Far Problem:Exploitation of Spatial and Spectral Diversity in Wireless Personal Communication Networks; " Wireless Personal Communications, the people such as edited by Theodore S.Rappaport, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, Ch.7.And referring to the people such as Sourour " Two Stage Co-channel Inference Cancellation in Orthogonal Multi-Carrier CDMA in a Frequency Selective Fading Channel; " IEEE PIMRC'94, pp.189-193.Can also be referring to " Multi Carrier CDMA System with Co-channel Inference Cancellation, " March1994 of the people such as Kondo, IEEE, #0-7803-1927, pp.1640-1644.
Basic multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio electrical communication equipment shown in Fig. 1-14 can be combined among the multiple access embodiment of the present invention, simultaneously according to the space, frequency and/or code are separated independently channel, for example be that space division multiple access connects (SDMA), frequency division multiple access connects (FDMA) and code division multiple access connects (CDMA).
The aerial array that adopts in SDMA embodiment can be spatially directed selectively, for example is to set up two Minimum Areas.The machine that transmits and receives in each zone to the aerial array that it is corresponding be tuned to only accept the opposing party of the transmitter-receiver centering under it, it is right to exclude in other zone of present other MAC multiple access channel other.Embodiments of the invention are by being made up to carry out self identification with SDMA technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique.Further details about SDMA can be referring to " Adaptive Antenna Arrays for GSM900/DSC1800, " March1994 of the people such as Forssen, IEEE#0-7803-1927, pp.605-609.Can also be referring to the people's such as Talwar " Reception of Multiple C0-Channel Digital Signals using Antenna Arrays with Applications to PCS, " 1994, IEEE#0-7803-1825, pp.790-794.Can also be referring to " A Novel Algorithm For Flexible Beam Forming for Adaptive Space Division Multiple Access Systems, " IEEE PIMRC'94 of the people such as Weis, pp.729a-729e.The combination of CDMA and aerial array can be referring to " Performance of CDMA Cellular Network With Base-Station Antenna Arrays:The Downlink, " 1994IEEE of the people such as Naguib, #0-7803-1825, pp.795-799.And the people such as Xu " Experimental Studies of Space-Division-Multiple-Access Schemes for Spectral Efficient Wireless Communications; " 1994IEEE, #0-7803-1825, pp.800-804.Can also be referring to " Influence of the User Mobility on the Spatial Multiplex Gain of an Adaptive SDMA System, " IEEE PIMRC'94 of M.Tangemann, pp.745-749.
In FDMA embodiment, each channel is adopted the subset of a plurality of carrier waves, for example be two minimum subsets, have separately two minimum frequency diversity carrier waves and be used for setting up two minimum channels.The machine that transmits and receives in each zone to the carrier subset that it is corresponding be tuned to exclude now other carrier subset of other MAC multiple access channel.Embodiments of the invention are by being made up to carry out self identification with FDMA technology and multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique.
Adopted a plurality of expansions and de-spread weighting in CDMA embodiment, each group is used for channel separately.Navigation neceiver in global positioning system (GPS) has adopted this multiple access mode exactly.Embodiments of the invention are made up the multilayer carrier spread spectrum technique of CDMA technology and Fig. 1-14 and have been surmounted prior art.About the application of CDMA in the multicarrier environment can referring to the people such as Fettweis " On Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) Modem Design; " 1994IEEE#0-7803-1927, pp.1670-1674.Can also referring to the people such as DaSilva " MultiCarrier Orthogonal CDMA Signals for Quasi-Synchronous Communication Systems; " IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, Vol.12, No.5, June1994.Can also be referring to " MultiCarrier Transmission Technique in Cellular Mobile Communication Systems, " March 1994 of the people such as Reiners, IEEE #0-7803-1927, pp.1645-1649.Further referring to " Multi-Carrier CDMA in Indoor Wireless Radio Networks, " IEEE Trans.Comm. of the people such as Yee, Vol.E77-B, No.7, July1994, pp.900-904.Under the channel fading environment, use CDMA can referring to Stefan Kaiser " On the Performance of Different Detection Techniques for OFDM-CDMA in Fading Channels; " Institute for Communication Technology, German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 1994.And referring to " An ATM-CDMA Air Interface For Mobile Personal Communications, " IEEE PIMRC'94 of the people such as Chandler, pp.110-113.About this technology further describe can also referring to the people such as Chouly " Orthogonal multicarrier techniques applied to direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA systems; " 1993IEEE, #0-7803-0917, pp.1723-1728.
The people such as Bar-Ness at " Synchronous Multi-User Multi-Carrier CDMA Communication System With Decorrelating Interference Canceller; " IEEE, PIMRC'94 has described the combination that CDMA multiple carrier is conciliate related interference cancellation techniques among the pp.184-188.
The multiple access method that is used for multilayer carrier spread spectrum radio telecommunication comprises that synthetic amplitude and phase gain according to a plurality of discrete frequency channels synthesis sine separately consist of the multilayer carrier expansion gain of launching.Then expand arbitrarily narrowband baseband data at transmitter with a vector multiplier and a reverse channel multiplexer.Next step is exactly to send simultaneously from transmitter after multilayer carrier expansion gain extension is to a plurality of discrete frequency channels.Receiver utilizes the linear synthesizer of the inner product of vector and Frequency reuser to a plurality of discrete frequency channel de-spread, recovers the arbitrarily expansion front signal of narrowband baseband, exempts channel disturbance.Channel can be discontinuous and be distributed in a plurality of frequency bands.Or in emission, adopt overlapping channel, and comprise OFDM formula modulation format.Or the data of emission grouping, base band data is expanded, send, and according to the channel multiplexer structure of OFDM formula to discrete grouping de-spread.
Grouping can be overlapping in time, continuously, or discontinuous.In most preferred embodiment, sequentially receive one or more grouping from the other end of link after, send in order one or more grouping.The a plurality of groupings of sending and receiving can realize asymmetric communication in order, for example be to transmit in one direction than more grouping on another direction, and can increase the guard time between the sending and receiving, for example can be used in cellular communications networks, solving the base station to the interference problem of base station.
Discrete Multitone and Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier have been drawn in Discrete Multitone OFDM and the combination with aerial array treatment technology of Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier and aerial array treatment technology not have the advantage that spreads.In any application the obvious improvement of adaptive antenna array performance all needed to eliminate the space interference, not needing to regulate static or accurate static linearity diffusion in the adaptive receiver front (for example is because the front end receiver defectiveness, non-zero array aperture, and fixing multiple scattering and reflection).This point is particularly useful in honeycomb fashion point-p-multi-point communication network, in this network, comprise for connecting (SDMA) topological logic at same group of channel for the space division multiple access of communicating by letter between a plurality of users, because each spatial processor must form the invalid of the degree of depth to the noisy direction of the user in this mesh.
Code division multiple access connects (CDMA) and adopts each group expansion gain of Line independent (normally quadrature) to send a plurality of signals at same group of channel.Adopt suitable combined weighted to separate these signals at Solution Expander.
The advantage of Resistant DS Spread Spectrum System is the multiple access of space division multiple access articulated, gets rid of and disturbs, and have channel equalization ability (idle bit technology).The idle bit technology has been applied to symbol-modulated direct sequence spread spectrum (MOS-DSSS) or pulse modulation direct sequence spread spectrum (MOP-DSSS) form, and the cycle of expansion gain accurately equals an integer (often mark space) of text symbol.The combination of idle bit technology and multilayer carrier modulation format is useful, for example can be used for eliminating spectral redundancy and disturb in HF/VHF frequency hopping interception system.In the prior art, cooperated the multilayer carrier signal that imitates troposcatter link to adopt and comprised that idle bit disturbs the general frequency hopping interception technology of eliminating.Point-to the communicating by letter of point and point-p-multiple spot, this transmitter and interference source wherein comprises multilayer carrier spread-spectrum modulation form but the present invention has then arrived this technological expansion.For example comprised further that directional data gropes adaptive method, be used in optimization solution expansion on the basis of known features of business that communication system sends and pilot data.
The present invention is in the same place the communication of multilayer carrier spread spectrum formula and the idle bit technical combinations of eliminating based on interference, improves the capacity of communication system, improves the tolerance limit to channel distortions, and less relies on the relation of expanding between the gain.Do not need the quadrature approximation, and embodiments of the invention disturb to the arrowband or the member's of other system multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal is not too responsive.Combine if will be used for eliminating idle bit technology and the multilayer carrier spread spectrum communications network of interference, this effect is best.Particularly, if the combination of given identical expansion gain and idle bit device (linear synthesizer) comprises eliminating number of links that the multilayer carrier spread spectrum communication link of the idle bit technology of interference can support and can reach two times of symbol-modulated Direct swquence spread spectrum system.
The present invention has made up the building block technique that is used for the elimination interference and has been used for the data-directed method of adaptive Solution Expander in network.This system that combines has obvious superiority than being used for point-p-point with the competing method that point-(multiple access) communicates by letter to multiple spot.This system can draw the advantage of full bandwidth time quantum in the communication system, thus the detection of the Solution Expander in the shortening system and tracking time.This system can also be on Solution Expander the multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal of appointment of de-spread and demodulation useful signal, do not need to know the expansion gain (groping the de-spread characteristic) that signal transmitter is included, in network, use code gating strategy thereby simplify or save, and the expansion that can adopt reverse engineering to optimize for communication channel and network gains.Receive (in the unit or outside the unit) by Solution Expander and do not have noisy multilayer carrier spread spectrum signal, do not need to know expansion gain or the degree of interference signal, so just can be more simply too much than (typically non-linear) sequence method, the latter need to be on receiver solution be in harmonious proportion again modulated interferer and useful signal.Can be for the diffusion of static line channel provide auto-compensation, diffusion effect is reduced in the inside that is included in system front end, does not need to know or the diffusion of actual estimation channel, so just can reduce the complexity of de-spread method and system hardware.
The idle bit technology can expand to spatial processing technique reverse transfer method easy to use, greatly improves the ratio of performance to price of total system.
Idle bit and spatial processing technique and the adaptive antenna array that is used for wave beam control made up to be improved the common antenna receiving-sending letter machine scope that is beyond one's reach.This combination can also improve by the interference that reduces the adjacent cells generation capacity of polynary network.Be used for eliminating the capacity that the enough more closely marshallings of invalid control energy of disturbing improve communication network.More closely marshalling can separate the frequency of coincideing in inside, unit, so just can adopt space division multiple access to connect topological logic.Can adopt the through type method that aerial array and idle bit technology are made up, increase the dimension of idle bit device, for example be used for interblock space channel and time channel in the MOS-DSSS system, or by increasing idle bit device dimension interblock space channel and frequency channels in the multilayer carrier spread spectrum system.
The multilayer carrier spread spectrum modulation formats allows Solution Expander to reduce multilayer carrier spread-spectrum expansion gain along with the increase of space channel quantity, so that maintenance is as the complexity of the idle bit device constant of the function of antenna element quantity.So just can provide stable data-directed receiver between in good time.Linear complexity increases along with the increase of antenna in the communication network and number of users.And user's spatial distribution reduces along with the increase of communication beams.
The combination of the directed reverse transfer technology of idle bit data adaptive and multilayer carrier band spectrum modulation provides a kind of superior communication mode.Can improve a little-user capacity of p-point and point-p-multi-point link, scope, power, and/or cost efficiency, these performances all are better than all channel pre-emphasis method.
The combination of multilayer carrier spread-spectrum and adaptive antenna array helps to eliminate spatial coherence and disturbs, for example be in honeycomb multilayer carrier spread-spectrum network, interference source can come the signal of other member in the automatic network, and multi-antenna array mainly is that use base station in network.
Figure 17 represents a kind of T/F form of tdd communication systems.
Figure 18 represents a kind of effective single-tone form of basic DMT modulator-demodulator.
Figure 19 represents a kind of emittor/receiver calibration steps.The calibration of system and compensation have two kinds of independently patterns.SCSS cal signal injects receiver from the cal switch, measures the RX path diffusion.SCSS cal signal, is measured the synthetic path that transmits and receives by change over switch and is spread to output receiver by way of transmit modulator.Transmission path is to derive according to synthetic reception and emission cal data.In the DSP rear end, carry out compensation by emission and treatment S CSS cal waveform.
Figure 20 is a kind of integrated single antenna T/R and the schematic diagram of DMT modulator-demodulator (based on the DMT of SCMA).
Figure 21 has broadly represented the schematic diagram of a kind of single line code gating intersection-SCORE extended operation.It is processed for single line is best pattern.Can use intersection-SCORE algorithm according to the rapid convergence time (minimum TBP).Can not be subject to the impact of timing and Doppler frequency displacement.It can eliminate Karray interference of unit inside reliably.It can separate Karray SCSS signal.Its deficiency is and can not separates reliably〉a Karray SCSS signal (not carrying out idle bit), and in the very large environment of frequency change, can not relative adjustment arrive maximum SINR.
Figure 22 represents that an example has the single line code gating intersection-SCORE de-spread operation of Kspread subset of cells.
Figure 23 represents that an example has a kind of single line intersection-SCORE algorithm of Nframe grouping/adapter frame.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.
Figure 24 represents a kind of single adapter frame auto-correlation statistical calculation.
Figure 25 represents to have a kind of intersection of Kspread subset of cells-SCORE eigen[value.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.
Figure 26 represents to have a kind of code key generator of Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells.
Figure 27 represents to have the code key generator of a kind of equivalence of Kpart＜Kspread subset of cells.
Figure 28 represents to have a kind of intersection of Kpart subset-SCORE eigen[value.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.
Figure 29 represents to have a kind of intersection of two subset of cells-SCORE eigen[value.The de-spread weighting is to calculate according to the holotype of multi-stage cross SCORE eigen[value.
Figure 30 represents a kind of multilink code gating intersection-SCORE expander.It is a kind of improved mode that multilink is processed.It allows to revise intersection SCORE convergence time for the SCSS disturbed condition.It can not be subject to regularly and the impact of Doppler frequency displacement.It can eliminate Karray interference of unit inside reliably.It can separate Karray*Kscore SCSS signal.Its deficiency is and can not separates reliably〉a Karray*Kscore SCSS signal (not exclusively idle bit), and in the very large environment of frequency change, can not relative adjustment arrive maximum STAR.
A kind of single line code gating that Figure 31 represents proportion gating and two subset of cells automatically-the SCORE extended operation.It is a kind of optimal mode of height mobility systems.It can separate Karray*Kscore SCSS link.Karray the non-SCSS that it can eliminate unit inside disturbs.It can not be subject to regularly and the impact of Doppler frequency displacement.Its deficiency is and can not separates〉a Kscore SCSS link (not exclusively idle bit), and need to (simply) regularly tracking as the part of de-spread algorithm.
Figure 32 be proportion gating and two subset of cells a kind of single line code gating automatically-operation of SCORE de-spread.
Figure 33 represents proportion gating and two subset of cells a kind of automatically-the SCORE eigen[value.
A kind of single line code gating that Figure 34 represents to adopt time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE expansion.It is a kind of optimal mode of Hypomobility system.It can separate Karray*Kspread SCSS link.Karray the non-SCSS that it can eliminate unit inside disturbs.It can not be subject to regularly and the impact of Doppler frequency displacement.Provide 3dB SNR gain at Solution Expander.Its deficiency is that capacity reduces half, and needs (simply) Doppler to follow the tracks of as the part of de-spread algorithm.
A kind of single line code gating that Figure 35 represents to adopt time gated and the redundant gating of half rate automatically-the SCORE de-spread.
In a word, adaptive antenna array can be used for increasing the network system capacity, adopts wave beam control, invalid control, or the combination of wave beam and invalid control.The combination of this invalid control or wave beam and invalid control technology is combined with the DMT/OFDM channel multiplexer of the channelizing of using as SCSS expander/Solution Expander in the present invention.
Although the present invention with reference to specific embodiment describe, should be realized that everything is not construed as limiting the present invention.Those skilled in the art's various modifications and changes of after having read specification, having the ability fully to make.Therefore, the purpose of claims is to cover all modifications and the change that belongs in the principle and scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. multiple accessing communication system comprises:
A plurality of radio transmitters are used for launching a plurality of radio-frequency carriers;
A plurality of radio receivers are at least one subset that receives described a plurality of radio-frequency carriers;
Be connected to the expander of described a plurality of radio transmitters, adopt the gain of the first digital extended and the first data are independent and modulate redundantly described a plurality of radio-frequency carriers amplitude and phase place;
Be connected to the Solution Expander of described a plurality of radio receivers, adopt described the first digital extended gain independently amplitude and the phase place of the described a plurality of radio-frequency carriers of demodulation, to recover described the first data; And
The multiple access device that is connecting radio transmitter, radio receiver, expander and Solution Expander, this multiple access device are configured to utilize at least a independently communication channel that provides in space division multiple access connection SDMA agreement, frequency division multiple access connection FDMA agreement and the code division multiple access connection CDMA agreement.
2. according to the system of claim 1, also comprise the aerial array that is connected to described a plurality of radio transmitter and radio receiver, wherein, described SDMA agreement realizes optionally data channel sending and receiving according to its relative tertiary location between each is to transmitter and receiver.
3. according to the system of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described FDMA agreement is used the subset of the minimum number in described a plurality of radio-frequency carrier, by these subsets of coupling radio-frequency carrier, transmits additional data channel between each is to transmitter and receiver.
4. according to the system of claim 1, also comprise the gain of the second digital extended and the second data, wherein said CDMA agreement realizes the communication of the first and second data by the subset of coupling digital extended gain between each is to transmitter and receiver.
5. according to the system of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described aerial array comprises the individual independently antenna of positive integer " n " that distributes in groups on the space, is used to provide the communication channel of the individual spatial distribution of positive integer " n ".
6. according to the system of claim 5, also comprise and have a radio frequency amplifier group that is connected to the independent amplifier on the antenna corresponding in the described aerial array, wherein each amplifier has adjustable gain, be used for realizing the controlled adjustment of wave beam, and make radio signal transmission invalid to the communication channel of described spatial distribution.
7. according to the system of claim 6, also comprise:
Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum transmit modulator of described radio frequency amplifier group, be used for providing a plurality of communication channels of frequency dispersion; With
The second expander with a plurality of outputs that are connected on this transmit modulator is used for simultaneously growth data on the communication channel of described spatial distribution.
8. according to the system of claim 7, also comprise the adjusting device that is connected to described radio frequency amplifier group, be used for selecting in the middle of the communication channel of described spatial distribution.
9. according to the system of claim 8, wherein, each stand-alone antenna of described aerial array further adopts polarization distribution.
10. according to the system of claim 8, also comprise:
Be connected to the Discrete Multitone multilayer carrier spread-spectrum demodulator on the described radio frequency amplifier group, be used for providing the communication channel of frequency dispersion; With
Has the Solution Expander that each is inputted and data are exported that is connected to this demodulator, the data de-spread on the communication channel that is used for all said frequencies are disperseed.
11. the method in the multiple accessing communication system, the method comprises:
Recover with a plurality of multilayer carrier signals distinctive expansion gain extension and be modulated to digital communication signal on each of described a plurality of multilayer carrier signals separately by carrying out following operation:
(1) with the multilayer carrier signal channellization of each reception, with the identification baseband signal, the multilayer carrier signal that wherein receives each have can with the multilayer carrier signal of a plurality of receptions in the channel width that is separated of the channel width of other multilayer carrier signal;
(2) by using the de-spread weighting different from the expansion gain of the baseband signal that is applied to each reception, the multilayer carrier signal of a plurality of receptions is carried out de-spread;
(3) baseband signal that receives is made up and obtain interference is compensated and make the maximized baseband signal of signal to noise ratio; And
(4) eliminate time distortion or the frequency distortion that appears in the baseband signal, to recover described digital communication signal.
12. the method according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the step of described de-spread is groped the multilayer carrier signal of the described a plurality of receptions of formula ground de-spread.
13. the method according to claim 12 is characterized in that: described step of groping formula ground de-spread adopts a kind of broad sense eigen[value of the pattern that is dominant.
14. the method according to claim 13 is characterized in that: described broad sense eigen[value is that a kind of code gating is from the relevant eigen[value that recovers.
15. the method according to claim 14 is characterized in that: in the described dominant eigenvalue of reducing described broad sense eigen[value according to the mean value of a prediction in the formula de-spread process of groping, and calibrate with the standard deviation of a prediction.
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