CN102905612A - 双腕式数据采集系统 - Google Patents

双腕式数据采集系统 Download PDF

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CN102905612A
CN102905612A CN2011800174686A CN201180017468A CN102905612A CN 102905612 A CN102905612 A CN 102905612A CN 2011800174686 A CN2011800174686 A CN 2011800174686A CN 201180017468 A CN201180017468 A CN 201180017468A CN 102905612 A CN102905612 A CN 102905612A
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马克·兹德布利克
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/005Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/273Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for the upper alimentary canal, e.g. oesophagoscopes, gastroscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/061Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B5/68Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
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    • A61J7/00Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
    • A61J7/04Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine, e.g. programmed dispensers
    • A61J7/0409Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine, e.g. programmed dispensers with timers
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61J2205/00General identification or selection means
    • A61J2205/60General identification or selection means using magnetic or electronic identifications, e.g. chips, RFID, electronic tags
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/60ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records

Abstract

在距离胃部相当远的位置实施感测。协同操作的传感器电子设备被放置在患者的两个腕部中的每个腕部处。腹部贴片的潜在不适和不便被减少或消除。并且,可替代的电源变得可用。

Description

双腕式数据采集系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119要求于2010年2月1日提交的序列号为61/300,435、发明名称为“Two-wrist data-gathering system”的美国申请的优先权。所述申请以引用方式并入全文。
背景技术
想要知道患者是否已服用其药物是不易的。
本发明的受让人近年来十分关注检测药物的摄取、诸如药丸的摄取的方法。经过巨大努力,本发明的受让人已设计了如下的系统,所述系统涉及到药丸,每个药丸都包括具有通信装置、例如导电通信装置等的设备,并且所述系统涉及到接收器、诸如贴附于患者皮肤上的贴片,使得当药丸中的一个到达胃部时,胃酸激活所述设备,其传送电流信号。贴片获得所述电流信号,从而检测药丸的摄取。然后,贴片可以将此事件传送至其他设备和系统。例如,贴片可以使用蓝牙协议而将事件的消息发送至移动电话,所述移动电话又可以将事件传送至其他设备。典型的贴片位置是腹部。
虽然本发明的受让人在以此方式使用贴片的系统中已取得了良好结果,但贴片有时并不方便。它可能会令人不舒适。它需要能够弯曲,因为它贴附在能收缩的皮肤上。在位于腹部的贴片上提供所谓的人机接口(“MMI”)是不易的。将键盘和显示器设置在贴附于腹部的平坦表面上是不太可行的。
腹部贴片具有电源,通常为电池或电化学电池(此处为便于引用,将使用术语“电池”兼指多电池电池组与单个电池)。电池仅具有有限的使用寿命,这主要由电池容量和贴片的能量预算限定。当电池用完时,需要停止使用贴片且需要启用不同的贴片。这也是不方便的。
当药丸被触发时,它发出信号、发送通信等。示例性的药丸和通信在例如以下的美国专利公开中有详细描述:
Figure BDA00002218111700011
Figure BDA00002218111700021
出于各种目的将以上美国专利公开中的每个以引用方式并入本文,如同完全重现在本文中。对真实药丸、真实贴片和真实人类受试者的实际测试已实现了对来自这种药丸的通信的可靠检测。考虑到现有技术无法实现这种可靠检测,以及自然、人体生理学及材料科学以多种方式共同导致难以实现这些结果,因此上述成就是显著的。
一般情况下,常规的电磁辐射由一偶极子发出并由一偶极子检测和接收,且常规的模型假设信号强度随距离的增加而以一速度下降,该速度由介质(此处为人体组织)的介电常数和磁导率决定。此总体领域的许多研究者因此继而提出如下的假设,即诸如贴片的接收器需要尽可能地靠近发射器(也就是靠近胃部)。
如果能够发现这样的一些检测药丸发射器触发的方法是很期望的,即可以在实现利用贴片达到可靠检测的同时避免如刚刚描述的与贴片有关的不便。其他的生理学测量也有实施起来理想的,但仅在其能够可靠而准确地实现且不会对患者造成过度不适或不便的情况下。
发明内容
考虑到一般情况下人们可能会认为接收器需要尽可能地靠近发射器,在距离胃部相当远的位置来实施感测是有悖常理的。然而,这正是这里所要描述的。协同操作的传感器电子设备被放置在患者的两个腕部中的每个腕部处。一旦忽略此布置的反常理性,其他潜在的益处将变得可行,例如能够提供人机接口。腹部贴片的潜在不适和不便被减少或消除。且可替代的电源变得可用。
附图说明
结合若干附图的描绘来描述本发明,其中:
图1示出具有根据本发明一个方面的手表102和手镯103的患者101;
图2示出具有松紧带203的手表102;
图3示出具有松紧带203的手镯103;
图4以截面图示出手表102,电极202与腕部105和芯片401紧密并置;
图5以截面图示出手镯103,电极302与腕部106和芯片501紧密并置;
图6以功能框图形式示出芯片401;以及
图7以功能框图形式示出芯片501。
只要可能,相同元件以相同附图标记来表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出患者101,其佩戴有根据本发明一个方面的手表102和手镯103。手表102在右腕105上,手镯103在左腕106上。(将理解的是,此左右布置是任意的,在不脱离本发明的情况下可以交换手表和手镯的位置)。主要目的之一是在药丸104被胃液触发时检测从药丸104发射的信号或通信。
将理解的是,虽然以胃液触发药丸的示例性方面来描述本发明,但是可以设计其他的变型,诸如直到药丸到达例如小肠时才产生触发的方面。还可以设计分阶段的方法,其中在经过胃肠系统的过程中的第一点处触发第一信号,在过程的第二点处触发第二信号。
现在转到图2,我们看到示例性的具有松紧带203的手表102。松紧带有助于使电极202与患者的皮肤紧密接触。示出了诸如LCD的显示器204。还示出了按钮205。以此方式,提供人机接口(MMI)。当然,将理解的是,MMI不需要局限于此处所示出的。可以提供其他MMI元件,如压电蜂鸣器或其他声源。可以使用触摸屏或其他人工输入设备(HID)。LCD和按钮仅为示例性的。
虽然以松紧表带描述了本方面,但也可以使用其他方法、诸如Speidel twist-o-
Figure BDA00002218111700031
表带,以使每个皮肤电极与皮肤紧密接触。
图3示出具有松紧带203的手镯103。松紧带使电极302与患者的皮肤紧密接触。
在下文的示例性布置中,将电极202、302描述为与皮肤紧密(导电)接触的电极。也许不太优选但也可行的布置是,电极202、302与皮肤电容耦合,也就是,在电极与皮肤之间具有某种电介质,诸如塑料膜。也许更加不太优选但也许也可行的布置是,表带203完全没有弹性,而是具有恒定的周长,从而允许电极202、302相对于皮肤具有间隔开的关系,有时在两者之间具有气隙或部分的气隙。
图4以截面图示出手表102,电极202与腕部105和芯片401紧密并置。芯片401以通信的方式、优选地以金属性连接的方式与皮肤电极202和第二电极402耦合。第二电极402对空气开放,且提供可被模制用于皮肤电极202的补偿地线(counterpoise)。非导电壳体403提供两个电极之间的结构。图5以截面图示出手镯103,电极302与腕部106和芯片501紧密并置,芯片501与皮肤电极302和第二电极502通信耦合。手镯电极连同外壳或壳体503与手表中的对应部分功能类似。
图6以功能框图形式示出手表芯片401。可看到前面提到的电极202、402以通信的方式与收发器605耦合。电池603和电源电路604为收发器605和控制器606供电。控制器606控制收发器605且提供MMI、诸如液晶LCD 204和按钮205,以及任选地提供其他MMI、诸如压电蜂鸣器或其他发声器。LCD 204由多线路总线607控制。
有趣的是,自动上发条式机械手表这一看似相当过时的技术在此提供了可能的益处。如图6所示,当人类使用者随处移动时,钟摆601有机会随处移动。钟摆内的强永磁铁在一个或一个以上的绕组602中诱导出电流。这允许电池603成为通过电源电路604调节的可再充电电池或超级电容器。蓝牙或其他协议系统607可以与诸如移动电话或个人电脑的外部设备通信。
图7以功能框图形式示出手镯芯片501。其中示出的元件紧密对应于图6中的元件。
将在示例性方面中描述系统(药丸、手镯、手表以及诸如移动电话的其他设备)的日常功能。
主要目的是在手镯103和手表102处检测来自药丸的信号。为达到此目的,手镯可以在相对于补偿地线502的皮肤电极302处实施信号的实时近连续检测。此检测为AD(模数)转换,例如由ADC(图7中未示出)转换,优选地分辨率高于16比特,且测量的信号(以数字方式传送且优选地为压缩数据)经由无线链路与手表102通信。手表同样在相对于补偿地线402的皮肤电极202处实施信号的实时近连续检测。此检测为AD(模数)转换,优选地分辨率高于16比特。然后,来自两个传感器(一个在手镯处,一个在手表处)的数据流向外传送至其他设备,所述其他设备可以进行信号处理以及可以检测所关注的信号,诸如药丸被触发时来自药丸的信号。
在优选的布置中,所有噪声都是共模的,而所关注的信号可以是在两臂处测量的差分信号。
如上所述,采取将传感器移动到所能想象的远离药丸104的点的步骤是相当有悖常理的。一旦接收且忽略此移动的有悖常理性,许多其他关注的能力将变得可用,而这些能力在诸如腹部贴片的现有技术布置中可能是根本不可用的。
在以引用方式并入本文的名称为“Alow-noise,non-contact EEG/ECG sensor”的论文(Thomas J Sullivan、Stephen R.Deiss与Gert Gauwenberghs,University of California,San Diego,Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference,2007,BIOCAS 2007,IEEE,2007年11月27-30日,第154-157页,Digital Object Identifier10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463332)中论述了适合于这种感测的技术。
在以引用方式并入本文的发明名称为“Fluid transfer port information system”的PCT公布WO 2009/055733中,以及同样以引用方式并入本文的发明名称相同的美国已公开的申请US 2009-0112178A1中论述了远离身体来感测事物。在以引用方式并入本文的于2009年3月13日提交的发明名称为“Volume-sensing device,system,and method”的第61/160,265号美国专利申请中论述了感测血容量。在以引用方式并入本文的于2009年9月8日提交的发明名称为“Body-associated device”的第61/240,571号美国专利申请中论述了其他相关技术。
如上述的一个潜在益处是:移动到腕部允许提供可行的MMI。手腕还比腹部更倾向于随处移动,使得自动上发条功能更可能发挥作用。
然而,一旦提供了手镯和手表的激励/感测平台,会显示出更加微妙和有趣的能力。
可以测量心脏功能(实质上是双电极EKG)。
可以以某频率自两个点中的一点(例如,在手镯处)发射能量,该能量以某测得的延迟和某测得的吸收水平或阻抗穿过身体传播到另一点(在此实例中在手表处)。另外地,可以以不同的频率自两个点中的一点(例如也在手镯处)发射能量,该能量以不相同的测得的延迟和不相同的测得的吸收水平或阻抗穿过身体传播到另一点(在此实例中也在手表处)。这种对身体的探测相当于波谱学(spectroscopy),且允许测量身体上的质量,诸如身体中的液体相对于其他组织材料的量。以此方式,可以间接地测量血容量。实时测量血容量很少能实现,即使能实现也是借助于大而笨重且固定的测量设备通过在测量期间使患者保持静止而实现的。本方法即使在患者走动时也允许进行实时测量。
这些测量可以允许实时测量心脏的心输出量或心搏量。
将理解,对在电极202、302处(在手镯和表带处)收集到的数据的分析中,重要部分之一是测量到的数据的时间相关性。技术人员可能会认为这要求在手镯和表带的每个中运行高度精确的时钟,两个时钟极为接近同步。
但事实上,允许这两个时钟为较不昂贵(且电力需求较小)的时钟、即允许相对于彼此有偏移,是非常可行的。在手表处,同步事件(例如,对来自环境的共模脉冲信号的同时检测)允许接收来自手镯的时间信号,该时间信号然后将被理解成与手表处的时间值匹配。可以采用此方式来检测和校正一个时钟相对于另一个时钟的偏移。
手表和手镯可以是时尚的。这些手表和手镯不必看上去那么“笨拙”。患者实际上可能喜欢佩戴具识别性的或独特的手表和手镯。
两个感测位置处的AD转换可能为18比特,但也可以为16比特或12比特。
从手镯到手表的通信可能是开环的(从手镯到表带为单向),但优选地认为通信为双向的,至少要提供信号交换(handshaking)。
通信可以利用在高频RF信号(比预计在0.1Hz至可能100Hz的范围内的感测到的信息高)下经由身体的电感耦合。或者,通信可以是光学红外的(从周围的墙壁和结构反弹)。
MMI可以提供服用特定药丸的提醒。并且,MMI可以在患者已服用特定药丸时提供可听见的或可视化的确认。
手镯或表带中或这两者中的加速度计将允许测量身体活动水平,且可以允许检测睡眠次数。这些同样可以被报告到患者外部。
计算资源的分配可以有所变化。例如,在手表中进行大部分计算、在手镯处和手表处比较测量的信号是可行的。替代地,在其他的地方(例如,在远处的电脑处)进行计算且仅让手表传送它从手镯接收的信息是可行的。
从手镯到手表所需的带宽、以及从手表到远处的设备所需的带宽是诸如10MHz的载波应该足够。
有心的读者将毫无困难地设计出本发明的许多明显改进和变型,所有这些改进和变型意在由所附权利要求涵盖。

Claims (24)

1.一种相对于第一设备和第二设备实施的数据采集方法,所述第一设备和所述第二设备中的每个包括具有相应的第一电极和第二电极的相应的电信号检测器,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将所述第一设备置于活体的第一肢体,所述第一设备环绕所述第一肢体,所述第一设备的第一电极与所述第一肢体并置,所述第一设备的第二电极比第一电极距离所述第一肢体更远;
将所述第二设备置于身体的第二肢体,所述第二设备环绕所述第二肢体,所述第二肢体为不同于所述第一肢体的肢体,所述第一设备的第一电极与所述第二肢体并置,所述第二设备的第二电极比第一电极距离所述第二肢体更远;
在所述第一设备处,在相应的第一电极和第二电极之间以差分方式测量相应的信号检测器处的电信号,从而产生指示所述电信号的第一数据流;
在所述第二设备处,在相应的第一电极和第二电极之间以差分方式测量相应的信号检测器处的电信号,从而产生指示所述电信号的第二数据流;以及
对所述第一数据流和所述第二数据流一起进行分析,从而导出与所述身体有关的所关注的信息。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中分析步骤进一步包括通过对准所述第一数据流与所述第二数据流中的共模事件而同步所述第一数据流与所述第二数据流。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中分析步骤是在与所述第一设备分离且与所述第二设备分离的设备处实施的,所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:
将来自所述第一设备的第一数据流传送至所述设备,以及
将来自所述第二设备的第二数据流传送至所述设备。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征进一步在于所述第一肢体为所述身体的第一臂,所述第二肢体为所述身体的第二臂,并且其中所述第一设备的环绕包括环绕所述第一肢体的腕部,并且其中所述第二设备的环绕包括环绕所述第二肢体的腕部。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中分析步骤包括检测与所述身体摄取的可摄取设备相关联的信号和通信中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一设备具有可再充电储能器,所述方法进一步包括以下步骤:移动所述第一肢体;以及将所述第一肢体的移动转化成电能,所述电能对所述可再充电储能器再充电。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中在所述第一设备处测量电信号包括实施模数转换,所述第一数据流为数字的,并且其中在所述第二设备处测量电信号包括实施模数转换,所述第二数据流为数字的。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述模数转换以至少十六比特的分辨率进行。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中分析步骤包括相对于所述身体的心脏实施心电图测量。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
在所述第一设备处发射在第一频带内的第一电能;
在所述第二设备处检测所述第一电能;
在所述第一设备处发射在第二频带内的第二电能,所述第二频带不同于所述第一频带;
在所述第二设备处检测所述第二电能;以及
将检测到的所述第一电能和检测到的所述第二电能互相比较,从而导出与所述身体有关的所关注的信息。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中导出与所述身体有关的所关注的信息包括以下步骤:推测所述身体内的液体与非液体的比。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中导出与所述身体有关的所关注的信息包括以下步骤:推测所述身体内的血容量。
13.如权利要求6所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
由转换过的所述电能来推测所述身体的身体活动水平,以及
将推测出的所述身体活动水平传送至所述第一设备和所述第二设备外部。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤:
将来自所述第一设备的第一数据流传送至所述第二设备;
其中分析步骤在所述第二设备内实施。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中传送步骤借助红外光通信或借助高频射频通信来实施。
16.一种包括第一设备和第二设备的系统,
所述第一设备包括具有相应的第一电极和第二电极的相应的电信号检测器;
所述第二设备包括具有相应的第一电极和第二电极的相应的电信号检测器;
所述第一设备被成形用于环绕受试者的肢体,所述第一设备的第一电极被安置成当所述第一设备环绕所述肢体时与所述肢体并置,所述第一设备的第二电极被安置成当所述第一设备环绕所述肢体时比第一电极距离所述肢体更远;
所述第二设备被成形用于环绕受试者的肢体,所述第二设备的第一电极被安置成当所述第二设备环绕所述肢体时与所述肢体并置,所述第二设备的第二电极被安置成当所述第二设备环绕所述肢体时比第一电极距离所述肢体更远;
所述第一设备的电信号检测器响应于相应的第一电极和第二电极处的信号,产生指示所述相应的第一电极和第二电极处的信号之间的差的第一数据流;
所述第二设备的电信号检测器响应于相应的第一电极和第二电极处的信号,产生指示所述相应的第一电极和第二电极处的信号之间的差的第二数据流;
所述系统进一步包括分析装置,所述装置响应所述第一数据流和所述第二数据流,用于导出与所述身体有关的所关注的信息。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述分析装置与所述第一设备分离且与所述第二设备分离,所述装置进一步包括:
自所述第一设备至装置的通信链路,以及
自所述第二设备至所述装置的通信链路。
18.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述第一设备进一步包括可再充电储能器,所述第一设备进一步包括将移动转化成电能的装置,所述电能对所述可再充电储能器再充电。
19.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述第一设备进一步包括模数转换器,所述模数转换器将来自相应的第一电极和第二电极的模拟信号转化成数字数据,所述第一数据流包括所述数字数据。
20.如权利要求19所述的系统,其中所述模数转换器具有至少十六比特的分辨率。
21.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述第一设备包括发射器,所述发射器可控地在所述第一设备处发射在第一频带内的第一电能,且可控地在所述第一设备处发射在第二频带内的第二电能,所述第二频带不同于所述第一频带;
并且其中所述第二设备包括被安置成检测所述第一电能和所述第二电能的检测器;
所述分析装置被安置成将检测到的所述第一电能和检测到的所述第二能量互相比较,从而导出所关注的信息。
22.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中所述分析装置由转换过的所述电能来推测所述身体的身体活动水平,并且
将推测出的所述身体活动水平传送至所述第一设备和所述第二设备外部。
23.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述第一设备将所述第一数据流传送至所述第二设备;并且
其中所述分析装置在所述第二设备内。
24.如权利要求23所述的系统,其中借助红外光通信信道或借助高频射频通信信道来实施传送。
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