CN102857221A - Phase locked loop, wide band transmitter and carrier wave leakage correction method of wide band transmitter - Google Patents

Phase locked loop, wide band transmitter and carrier wave leakage correction method of wide band transmitter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102857221A
CN102857221A CN2011101811823A CN201110181182A CN102857221A CN 102857221 A CN102857221 A CN 102857221A CN 2011101811823 A CN2011101811823 A CN 2011101811823A CN 201110181182 A CN201110181182 A CN 201110181182A CN 102857221 A CN102857221 A CN 102857221A
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voltage controlled
frequency
controlled oscillator
phase
calibration
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CN102857221B (en
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王珊
胡小娟
亓刚
赵娜
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ZTE Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/099—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the controlled oscillator of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
    • H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
    • H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
    • H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop

Abstract

The invention discloses a phase locked loop, a wide band transmitter and a carrier wave leakage correction method of the wide band transmitter, wherein the phase locked loop comprises a phase monitoring device, a loop filter and a plurality of voltage-controlled oscillators; the phase monitoring device outputs signals to the loop filter; and the loop filter selectively outputs signals to any one of the plurality of voltage-controlled oscillators. The wine band transmitter supported by the wide band phase locked loop disclosed by the invention can operate at multiple modes, and is suitable for the development of the communication technology and requirements of suppliers.

Description

The carrier wave leakage calibration steps of phase-locked loop, wideband transmitter and wideband transmitter
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mobile communication technology field, relate in particular to the carrier wave leakage calibration steps of a kind of phase-locked loop, wideband transmitter and wideband transmitter.
Background technology
At moving communicating field, transmitter applies is in the various kinds of mobile communication systems such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system), CDMA (code division multiple access) and LTE (Long Term Evolution), and the course of work of transmitter is as follows:
At first, will be converted into analog baseband signal from the digital signal of base band;
Then, the filtering of settling signal and up-conversion;
At last, go out by antenna transmission through the radiofrequency signal of radio-frequency power amplifier after with frequency conversion.
In field of mobile communication, although the technology comparative maturity of transmitter generally can only work in single frequency range and pattern, function is relatively less, and flexibility is inadequate, and expandability is also limited.
In addition, in conversion process, inevitably some unwanted signals can appear, such as local oscillator leakage signal, sideband signals etc.These unwanted signals may affect transmitter subsequent power amplifying circuit, cause the transmitter spectrum emission not meet the regulation of consensus standard, in addition, behind carrier wave leakage signal and the while ingoing power amplifier that transmits, cause intermodulation deterioration between them owing to power amplifier is non-linear, may affect the digital pre-distortion effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the carrier wave leakage calibration steps of a kind of phase-locked loop, wideband transmitter and wideband transmitter, can improve the frequency output area of transmitter.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of phase-locked loop of method of the present invention comprises: phase discriminator, loop filter and a plurality of voltage controlled oscillator, wherein, phase discriminator is to the loop filter output signal, and loop filter is selectively to one of any output signal of a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
Further, also comprise at least one variable reactive component, variable reactive component is connected respectively with a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
Further, also comprise one or more frequency dividers, frequency divider is connected to the output of voltage controlled oscillator, and the output signal behind the frequency division is provided.
Further, in a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, there is overlapping frequency in adjacent voltage controlled oscillator in the operating temperature range that requires.
Further, a kind of wideband transmitter, comprise: IQ modulator and phase-locked loop, phase-locked loop links to each other with the IQ modulator, for the IQ modulator provides local oscillation signal, wherein, phase-locked loop comprises: phase discriminator, loop filter and a plurality of voltage controlled oscillator, wherein, phase discriminator is to the loop filter output signal, and loop filter is selectively to one of any output signal of a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
Further, phase-locked loop also comprises at least one variable reactive component, and variable reactive component is connected respectively with a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
Further, in a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, all there is overlapping frequency in adjacent voltage controlled oscillator in the operating temperature range that requires.
Further, a kind of carrier wave leakage calibration steps of wideband transmitter is applied to comprise in the wideband transmitter of a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, comprising:
Calculate the overlapping frequency range of adjacent voltage controlled oscillator in a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, judge the calibration frequency whether in overlapping frequency range, if so, then from adjacent voltage controlled oscillator, for the calibration frequency is specified voltage controlled oscillator locking;
After specifying voltage controlled oscillator locking for the calibration frequency, for the IQ modulator of wideband transmitter provides local oscillation signal, and by residual baseband adjustment being finished the carrier wave leakage calibration to the IQ modulator, and preserve calibration data.
Further, specifying voltage controlled oscillator locking for the calibration frequency comprises:
Locking upper limiting frequency and locking lower frequency limit according to adjacent voltage controlled oscillator calculate judgment threshold;
Frequency will be calibrated and judgment threshold compares, if the calibration frequency, is then specified the voltage controlled oscillator locking that the locking lower frequency limit is less in the adjacent voltage controlled oscillator less than judgment threshold; If the calibration frequency, is then specified the voltage controlled oscillator locking that the locking upper limiting frequency is larger in the adjacent voltage controlled oscillator greater than judgment threshold.
Further, also comprise:
In calculating a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, before the overlapping frequency range of adjacent voltage controlled oscillator, also need determine the frequency coverage of a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators;
When the calibration frequency is not in overlapping frequency range, specify voltage controlled oscillator locking according to the frequency coverage of a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators for the calibration frequency.
Further, also comprise:
For after the calibration frequency specifies the voltage controlled oscillator locking, the numbering of record voltage controlled oscillator is being received when putting the frequency order, judge the frequency of putting whether in overlapping frequency range, if, then according to the numbering of voltage controlled oscillator, call corresponding voltage controlled oscillator, and enable corresponding calibration data.
In sum, the wideband transmitter that is supported by broadband P LL that the present invention proposes can work in various modes, adapts to the development of mechanics of communication and supplier's demand.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wideband transmitter system block diagram;
Fig. 2 is the conventional phase locked loops process chart;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention proposes the broadband phase-looked loop process chart;
Fig. 4 is IQ modulator process chart;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention proposes wideband transmitter carrier wave leakage calibration flow chart;
Fig. 6 is that present embodiment proposition wideband transmitter carrier wave leakage is enabled the calibration data flow chart.
Embodiment
Figure 1 shows that the wideband transmitter of the support multiple types of present embodiment, comprise: the IQ two-way digital to analog converter (DAC) of high sampling rate, IQ two-way low pass filter (LPF), broadband phase-looked loop (PLL), wide band radio-frequency IQ modulator (IQ modulator), controllable gain radio frequency amplifier (DVGA) and six parts of wideband power amplifer (PA).The outstanding feature of present embodiment is to adopt broadband phase-looked loop (PLL), provides the local oscillation signal in broadband to realize wideband transmitter by broadband phase-looked loop to the IQ modulator.
Fig. 2 is the phase-locked structure of rings of traditional narrow, Fig. 3 is the structure of broadband phase-looked loop, phase-locked loop is the phase error control system of a closed loop, phase difference between comparator input signal and the voltage controlled oscillator output signal, produce error control voltage and adjust the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator, to reach with input signal with frequently.
Present embodiment realizes wide-band tuning by integrated a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) in phase-locked loop, the operation principle of broadband phase-looked loop is identical with narrow band phase lock loop, it all is the phase difference between comparator input signal and the voltage controlled oscillator output signal, produce error control voltage and adjust the frequency of voltage controlled oscillator, the broadband phase-looked loop in the present embodiment is different to the tuning range of VCO with the maximum difference of existing narrow band phase lock loop.The tuning range of broadband VCO is based on following 3 realizations:
(1) traditional phase-locked loop circuit inside only comprises a VCO, and the inner integrated a plurality of VCO of the broadband phase-looked loop of present embodiment are tuning, in phase-locked process, can in a plurality of VCO, select suitable VCO locking, realize wide-band tuning by a plurality of VCO splicings.Can change and the processing technology upper and lower translation with high low temperature because VCO covers frequency range, in many VCO are integrated, complete under the normal temperature between two VCO the frequency overlap scope to have sufficient surplus guarantee broadband P LL to lock at temperature scope full frequency band.
(2) phase-locked loop comprises at least one variable component (among the figure for illustrating), and the reactance of variable component generally is the function of voltage level.Comprise one group of variable component in the present embodiment, each VCO can with this group reactance component in any one collocation realize wide-band tuning.
(3) conventional phase locked loops is that voltage controlled oscillator is directly exported, and the broadband phase-looked loop final stage comprises one group of optional frequency divider in the present embodiment, voltage controlled oscillator directly can be exported, also can be at two divided-frequency, and the rear outputs such as four frequency divisions.
By above-mentioned many VCO are covered, tuning combining with the optional frequency divider of output of variable component can realize that VCO is from the Broadband emission of hundreds of million to several G.
Present embodiment has also solved the broadband phase-looked loop problem that the carrier wave leakage calibration was lost efficacy when different VCO locking.Fig. 4 is IQ modulator fundamental diagram, if IQ baseband signal and the local oscillation signal of modulator input all are that ideal sine wave does not have the amplitude-phase distortion, then are output as desirable single sideband singal and do not have carrier wave leakage after the modulator frequency conversion.But the local oscillation signal of IQ baseband signal and process phase shifter all exists amplitude and phase distortion in the practical application, cause comprising useless carrier wave leakage signal in the modulator output, wideband transmitter must be calibrated inhibition to carrier wave leakage, the spuious index request of the system that reaches in using.
Modulator input I, Q and local oscillation signal represent with following formula, wherein A 1A 2Represent baseband amplitude, A 1Be not equal to A 2Baseband amplitude is uneven,
Figure BDA0000072670800000051
Represent baseband phase,
Figure BDA0000072670800000052
Be not equal to Baseband phase is uneven, B 1B 2Represent residual baseband, C 1C 2Represent the LO amplitude, C 1Be not equal to C 2The LO amplitude imbalance, θ 1θ 2Represent the LO phase place, θ 1Be not equal to θ 2The LO unbalance in phase, D 1D 2Represent the LO DC component.
Figure BDA0000072670800000054
Figure BDA0000072670800000055
f L0_I(t)＝C 1cos(w ct+θ 1)+D 1
f L0_ Q (t)=C 2Sin (w cT+ θ 2)+D 2Modulator output:
Figure BDA0000072670800000058
Figure BDA0000072670800000059
Figure BDA00000726708000000510
Wherein carrier wave leakage is:
f LOleakage = B 1 C 1 cos ( w c t + θ 1 ) + B 2 C 2 sin ( w c t + θ 2 )
= B 1 C 1 cos ( w c t + θ 1 ) - B 2 C 2 cos ( w c t + θ 2 + π 2 )
Can be found out by formula, the DC component of carrier wave leakage and base band is relevant with the amplitude imbalance of local oscillation signal, works as B 1C 1=B 2C 2,
Figure BDA00000726708000000515
The time, carrier wave leakage is minimum, and the carrier wave leakage calibration process is for adjusting residual baseband B 1B 2So that the base band direct current offset equates B with LO amplitude product 1C 1=B 2C 2, the carrier wave leakage amplitude is minimum.
Owing to only having a VCO, the VCO gain is fixing among traditional PLL, and the local oscillator amplitude imbalance is fixed, and carrier wave leakage is only relevant with the base band direct current offset.But in broadband P LL design because inner integrated a plurality of VCO, in order to guarantee that broadband VCO effectively covers full frequency band, the overlapping scope of frequency is wider between the VCO, will cause like this situation that frequency locks at two VCO at random in the crossover region, and calibration brings difficulty to carrier wave leakage.Because the frequency in crossover region, along with any VCO locking in the crossover region is selected in phase-locked loop power-on and power-off meeting at random, if the VCO of calibration is different with the VCO that enables, then because the difference between the VCO gain can cause the local oscillation signal changes in amplitude, the relation that this amplitude product equated when residual baseband was with calibration when breaking calibration, cause calibration data to lose efficacy, carrier wave leakage does not reach system requirements.
Present embodiment is by specifying fixedly VCO locking of frequency selection in the crossover region, guarantee frequency IQ calibration data continuously effective in the overlapping region, and to frequency reasonable distribution VCO in the overlapping region, prevent that environmental change from causing that the phase-locked loop losing lock affects the transmitter normal operation.
This problem of carrier wave leakage calibration inefficacy provides solution when covering for many VCO, and the carrier wave leakage calibration flow process as Fig. 5 is broadband VCO comprises:
Step 501: transmitter powers on, Bootload and each module initialization;
Step 502: the frequency coverage of determining inner each VCO of broadband P LL;
Determine the minimum and maximum frequency of output of VCO by linking to each other of two reactance component of VCO and edge, thereby determine the frequency coverage of VCO.
Step 503: the locking upper limiting frequency (output peak frequency) of calculating VCOn locks the poor of lower frequency limit (output minimum frequency) with VCOn+1, obtains two frequency ranges that VCO is overlapping, and deposits the VCO crossover region form among the flash in;
Step 504: receive to issue and judge that the calibration frequency is whether in overlapping frequency range after the frequency order;
Issue the frequency configuration by IBSC.
Step 505: if specify one of them VCO locking in overlapping frequency range, this step comprises again following a few step:
A: the locking upper limiting frequency f that calculates VCOn NMAXLocking lower frequency limit f with VCOn+1 MMIN
B: calculate judgment threshold, as f gate = ( f nMAX + f mMIN ) 2 ;
C: if the calibration frequency is less than judgment threshold then with locking the less voltage controlled oscillator VCO n locking of lower frequency limit;
D: if greater than judgment threshold then with locking the larger voltage controlled oscillator VCO n+1 locking of upper limiting frequency;
E: the numbering of the VCO of record calibration locking frequency point.
Step 506: if the calibration frequency not at crossover region, is then searched for the VCO that can lock;
The tuning bandwidth that falls into which VCO by judgement calibration frequency is just selected corresponding VCO.
Step 507: after will calibrating frequency and specifying unique locking VCO, for the IQ modulator of wideband transmitter provides local oscillation signal, to residual baseband adopt large, medium and small step-length easily method adjustment finish the carrier wave leakage of IQ modulator calibrated;
The carrier wave leakage calibration is relevant with the gain of the VCO of calibration locking frequency point.
Step 508: preserve calibration data and finish calibration.
Adopt above flow process configuration can finish the calibration of wideband transmitter carrier wave leakage, and guarantee that frequency in overlapping region not at the edge of VCO, guarantees the reliability of transmitter work.
Present embodiment also comprise enable calibration data flow process as shown in Figure 6, step is as follows:
601: transmitter powers on, Bootload and each module initialization;
602: receive put the frequency order after, search and leave VCO crossover region form among the flash in;
603: if the frequency of putting in overlapping frequency range then call the VCO numbering of appointment among the flash;
604: if the frequency of putting not in overlapping frequency range then search for VCO locking;
605: enable calibration data.
Calibrate and enable flow process by above carrier wave leakage and solved the wideband transmitter carrier wave leakage calibration Problem of Failure that a plurality of VCO cover.Select fixedly by optimized algorithm to frequency in the crossover region that VCO locks, phase-locked loop losing lock and guaranteed the validity and reliability of carrier wave leakage calibration data when so not only avoiding issuing frequency and being configured to the VCO edge and causing environmental change.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned each module of the present invention, each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on the single calculation element, perhaps be distributed on the network that a plurality of calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in the storage device and be carried out by calculation element, perhaps they are made into respectively each integrated circuit modules, perhaps a plurality of modules or the step with them is made into the single integrated circuit module and realizes.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The above is embodiments of the invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. phase-locked loop comprises: phase discriminator, loop filter and a plurality of voltage controlled oscillator, and wherein, described phase discriminator is to described loop filter output signal, and described loop filter is selectively to one of any output signal of described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
2. phase-locked loop as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise at least one variable reactive component, described variable reactive component is connected respectively with described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
3. phase-locked loop as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: also comprise one or more frequency dividers,
Described frequency divider is connected to the output of described voltage controlled oscillator, and the output signal behind the frequency division is provided.
4. phase-locked loop as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, there is overlapping frequency in adjacent voltage controlled oscillator in the operating temperature range that requires.
5. wideband transmitter, comprise: IQ modulator and phase-locked loop, described phase-locked loop links to each other with described IQ modulator, for described IQ modulator provides local oscillation signal, wherein, described phase-locked loop comprises: phase discriminator, loop filter and a plurality of voltage controlled oscillator, wherein, described phase discriminator is to described loop filter output signal, and described loop filter is selectively to one of any output signal of described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
6. wideband transmitter as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described phase-locked loop also comprises at least one variable reactive component, and described variable reactive component is connected respectively with described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
7. wideband transmitter as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, in described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, all there is overlapping frequency in adjacent voltage controlled oscillator in the operating temperature range that requires.
8. the carrier wave leakage calibration steps of a wideband transmitter is applied to comprise in the wideband transmitter of a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, comprising:
Calculate the overlapping frequency range of adjacent voltage controlled oscillator in a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, judge the calibration frequency whether in described overlapping frequency range, if so, then from described adjacent voltage controlled oscillator, for described calibration frequency is specified voltage controlled oscillator locking;
After specifying voltage controlled oscillator locking for described calibration frequency, for the IQ modulator of described wideband transmitter provides local oscillation signal, and by residual baseband adjustment being finished the carrier wave leakage calibration to described IQ modulator, and preserve calibration data.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, specifies voltage controlled oscillator locking for described calibration frequency and comprises:
Locking upper limiting frequency and locking lower frequency limit according to adjacent voltage controlled oscillator calculate judgment threshold;
Described calibration frequency and described judgment threshold are compared, if described calibration frequency, is then specified the voltage controlled oscillator locking that the locking lower frequency limit is less in the adjacent voltage controlled oscillator less than described judgment threshold; If described calibration frequency, is then specified the voltage controlled oscillator locking that the locking upper limiting frequency is larger in the adjacent voltage controlled oscillator greater than described judgment threshold.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, also comprises:
In calculating a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators, before the overlapping frequency range of adjacent voltage controlled oscillator, also need determine the frequency coverage of described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators;
When described calibration frequency is not in described overlapping frequency range, be that described calibration frequency is specified voltage controlled oscillator locking according to the frequency coverage of described a plurality of voltage controlled oscillators.
11. method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, also comprises:
After the locking of described calibration frequency appointment voltage controlled oscillator, record the numbering of described voltage controlled oscillator, receiving when putting the frequency order, judge the frequency of putting whether in described overlapping frequency range, if, then according to the numbering of described voltage controlled oscillator, call corresponding voltage controlled oscillator, and enable corresponding calibration data.
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