CN102804478A - 用于前部接线端电池的监控器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种构造成监控蓄电池(102)的电池监控装置(104)。电池监控装置(104)包括开尔文连接器(108、182)，所述开尔文连接器构造成联接到蓄电池(102)的接线端(290、292)。电池监控装置(104)构造成接收来自第二电池监控装置(102)的数据。此外，电池监控装置(104)构造成测量蓄电池(102)的参数。测得的参数和从第二电池监控装置(104)收到的数据被传达到接收站(106)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池测试器。更具体地，本发明涉及那种用于电子监控电池的电池测试器。
背景技术
电池用在各种应用中，包括“静止”应用，例如后备电源应用。例如，远程蜂窝站、电交换站、医院以及许多其它装置需要后备电源。在许多这样的装置中，重要的是保证电池或多个电池不退化并且能够维持期望数量的电荷。
当测试电池时，电池测试器必须电联接到电池的接线端。如果电池的接线端不容易接近的话，这可能是特别耗费时间的。在这种情况中，技术员可能需要实体移动电池以便能够接近所述接线端。一直存在改进静止电池的测试技术的需要。
发明内容
一种构造成监控蓄电池的电池监控装置，包括接线端和电池测试器模块，所述电池测试器模块构造成用开尔文连接器安装至接线端。数据连接构造成与另一个电池模块通讯。
附图说明
图1为简化图，示出电池和电池测试模块。
图2为图1的电池测试模块的简化框图。
图3为电池测试模块的简化示意图。
图4为电池测试模块的透视图。
图5为联接到电池的电池测试模块的透视图。
图6为联接到电池的开尔文连接器的侧横截面图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供技术以在不将电池从其储存室中移出的情况下测试静止电池。本发明还减少了将每个单个电子电池测试器联接到接收站所需要的接线的数量。此外，本发明提供适应性，使得现有的电池硬件不必一定为了便于电池监控装置的安装而移走或重新设计。本发明的其它方面包括构造成联接到电池一侧上的接线端的开尔文连接器，提供安装到电池的具有测试器接入点的电池监控器，提供安装到电池的具有网络或数据线连接的电池监控器，提供安装到电池的并包括温度传感器的电池监控器，或者提供安装到电池的包括相变材料并可任选包括一些类型的对所述相变材料的温度监控的电池监控器。
在一个方面中，本发明通过提供一种电池监控装置来解决上面提出的困难，所述装置构造成在链状结构中的数据连接介质上提供电池测试数据到控制场所，并且涉及其中数据在串联地连接的模块之间传递的一种结构。这样，在一个链环(daisy chain)结构中，第一电子电池测试器连接到第二电子电池测试器，第二电子电池测试器依次地连接到可任选的第三电子电池测试器，第三电子电池测试器随后连接到可任选的第四电子电池测试器等等。在链环中的电子电池测试器中的至少一个可以将电池测试数据传达到位于中央位置处的接收站。
在一个典型实施例中，产生电池测试数据并将电池测试数据传送到诸如计算机的中央监控站。在另一个典型实施例中，产生电池测试数据并在传递计算结果到中央监控站之前利用电池测试数据完成计算。
下面连同图1一起，描述利用本发明的实施例的电池装置。更详细的典型实施例连同图2到6得到描述。
图1为包括多个电池102A、102B...102N的电池装置100的简化框图。每个电池102A...102N通过链状形式的数据连接110A1...10N电联接到各自的电池测试器104A、104B...104N。这样，电池测试器104A通过数据连接110A与电池测试器104B连通，而电池测试器104B又通过可任选的数据连接110B与可任选的电池测试器110N连通等等。在链状结构中的电池测试器104A...104N的至少一个通过通讯媒介108与数据接收站106连通。
图2为用在图1的电池装置中的电池测试器104N-1...104N和接收站106的简化框图。如从图2中能够看到的那样，每个电池测试器104N-1...104N能由唯一的地址128确定。电池测试器104N经由通讯媒介108与接收站106连通。在图2中，电池测试器104N示出为包括唯一地址128。这可以存储在例如存储器126中。如果需要的话，提供输入装置127用于本地输入。通讯电路124构造成与另一个电池测试器或者远程接收站连通。微处理器122与测量电路120连通并根据储存在存储器126中的指令运行。可以利用显示器222来提供本地输出。测量电路120通过开尔文连接器180和182联接到蓄电池102。
在图2中，接收站106示出为包括通讯电路130和计算装置132。通讯电路130被用于联接到通讯线路108并可构造在接收站106内或者可以是能选择性联接到所述站106的模块。例如，通讯电路130可以包括联接到计算机的USB端口的装置等等。计算装置132可以是配置独特的装置或者例如可以用桌上型电脑或者便携计算机来实现。计算装置132按照存储在存储器134中的指令运行，并能够通过输入装置133接收本地输入。类似地，提供显示器135用于提供本地输出。
通讯媒介108可以是任何类型的通讯链路。因而，通讯媒介108可以是射频线路、红外线路、有线链路等等。
如上面提到的那样，本发明的结构减少了联接单独的电池测试器到接收站所需要的接线的数量。特殊的测量线路可以执行任何一种电池测试，包括基于阻抗、电导、阻抗负载、静态或动态参数等等的测试。
电池测试器104安装在每个电池上并彼此联接每个电池。电池测试器104N传送数据到接收站106。所述传送可以是周期的，或者可以基于接收器的轮流检测(polling)，这可以在通讯电路124中实现。当用在周期性基准中，电池测试器104N可以被保持在睡眠模式并且根据期望唤醒，以获得电池测试数据读数，并且广播结果。如上面提到的那样，传送可包括识别信息(例如对于每个测试器的唯一识别装置128或者电池的序列号)，所述识别信息唯一地确定进行测试的电池测试器或者从其上得到电池测试信息的电池。在一些实施例中，该信息并非必要的。
图3为根据本发明的具体实施例的电池测试器104的框图。电池测试器104显示为联接到电池102，所述电池包括分别通过开尔文连接器180和182的阳性电池接线端和阴性电池接线端。电池测试器104包括施力函数(forcing function)源200、微分放大器202、模数转换器204和微处理器122。放大器202联接到电池102。放大器202具有连接到模数转换器204的输入端的输出端。微处理器122连接系统时钟208、存储器126和模数转换器204。微处理器122也能够接收来自输入装置127的输入。微处理器122还连接到通讯电路124以及输出装置例如显示器222。
在操作中，施力函数源200由微处理器122控制并且提供在图4中的施力函数信号(在箭头所示的方向上的电流Δ1)。在一个实施例中，是带有时间变化分量的方波、脉冲或其它信号，所述时间变化分量包括周期性或瞬时信号。施力函数源200可以是主动源，其中施力函数信号被注入到电池102，或者可以是诸如负载的被动源。微分放大器202连接到电池102的接线端290、292并且提供与接线端290、290之间的电势差有关的输出到模数转换器204。在优选实施例中，放大器202具有大的输入阻抗。放大器202也可以用于测量电池102的电压(VBAT)。
测试器104通过称为开尔文连接器的四点连接技术连接到电池102。所述开尔文连接器180、182允许电流ΔI通过连接180和182中的第一对接线端注入到电池102中，同时在电池102两端的电压V通过连接180和182中的第二对接线端测量。因为仅少量电流流经放大器202，在从输入到放大器202的电压降基本等于在电池102的接线端两端的电压降。微分放大器202的输出被转变为数字格式并提供至微处理器122。微处理器122在由系统时钟208确定的频率下并按照存储在存储器126中的编程指令运行。
在操作过程中，微处理器构造成通过测量对由施力函数源200施加的施力函数信号的应答来测量电池102的动态参数。施力函数源200可以是非活动源或者可以是其中负载施加到电池102的被动源。施力函数具有时间变化分量并且可以是瞬时信号。典型动态参数包括动态电导、电阻、阻抗、导纳、电纳等等。
图3还示出测试器接入点250，其提供开尔文连接器到施力函数接入点252和应答接入点254。接入点250构造成使得单独的电池测试器，诸如便携电池测试器，可以插入到测试器104中并利用开尔文连接器180和182在电池102上进行单独的电池测试。例如，电池测试器260可以包括插头262，所述插头构造成电联接接入点250。插头262包括联接到连接254和252的开尔文连接器。电池测试器260可依照任何适当技术操作并且可以以类似于连同电池测试器104的描述中的方式来行使功能。在另一个构造中，元件260包括电池充电器，其中充电信号可以通过接入点250施加到电池102。
在一些构造中，施力函数源200可能抽取足以产生实质热量的充分大的电流。在这样的构造中，可以使用相变材料270。例如，相变材料270可以围绕施力函数源200并且热耦合到施力函数源200。如同样未决的由Kevin Bertness在2010年6月18日提交的序号为12/818，290题目为“BATTERY MAINTENANCE DEVICE WITH THERMAL BUFFER(具有热缓冲的电池维护装置)”的申请中描述的那样，上述申请通过引用整体地合并于此。相变材料270在材料270相对于相变材料270的温度能够吸收的热量之间提供非线性关系。例如，如果相变材料270包括石蜡或类似物，材料270会吸收热量同时石蜡在不改变温度的情况下从液态转变到固态。温度传感器220可以放在在相变材料270附近并用于监控材料220的温度。温度传感器270可以联接到微处理器122，由此如果温度超过阈值的话，则微处理器122减小通过施力函数源200的电流ΔI。电流ΔI可以被减小或者完全切断。温度传感器220可以是接触型温度传感器，例如热电偶、热敏电阻、RTD、主动半导体元件等等。然而，传感器220也可以是非接触型传感器，例如红外传感器。在一种构造中，元件220为放在相变材料270中或者附近的热熔丝。它可以是与施力函数源200串行放置的可重设的PTC(正温度系数)型熔丝。
现在许多静止电池具有位于电池壳体的前面或侧面上的接线端。这样的构造在例如不间断电源和电信系统的静止电力应用中变得越来越普遍。虽然一些这样的前接线端电池也具有能从电池顶部接近的接线端，这些接线端通常不容易接近并且没有足够的空间来安放电池监控器。本发明提供电池监控器，其能容易地在现有的成行电池上改进，并且不用将电池从其被储存的场所(例如储存室)移开。
图4为电池监控器104的透视图。图3中所示的电路可以容纳在电池监控壳体278中。开尔文连接器180和182从壳体278延伸并构造成安装到电池的接线端。接入点250位于壳体278的顶部附近，让操作者容易接近。链环连接器280和282位于壳体278的前面。在图4所示的构造中，连接器280和282示出为允许例如RJ-45或者RJ-11型连接器的网络连接器容易拆卸的连接器。显示器22示出为在壳体278的前面。显示器222可包括手动输入，例如触摸屏显示器或者其它构造。
图5为安装到蓄电池102的电池监控器104的透视图。如图5中所示，开尔文连接器180和182安装到电池接线端290和292。注意到在这种构造中，电池102的把手294保持能被接近并且可被操作者用于抬起或者移动蓄电池102。
图6为电池102的一部分的侧横截面图，示出电池接线端290和开尔文连接器180。如图6中所示，开尔文连接器180由两个单独的层180A和180B形成。层180A和180B为导电材料并被绝缘体分开，由此提供至接线端290的开尔文连接器。接线端290具有螺纹，螺母288用于固定开尔文连接器180到接线端290上。该联接还将电池测试器104的壳体278物理地固定到电池102的壳体上。其它开尔文连接结构也可以使用。例如，联接到接线端290、292的开尔文连接器180、182的环可以具有围绕环的外周延伸到中途的一个导体，而第二导体围绕所述环的剩下的部分中的至少一些延伸。
与先前技术的构造有关的一个问题是，当例如手持测试器的不同测试器被用于测试蓄电池时，电池测试的结果可能不同于使用电池监控器得到的测试结果。这种差异的一个原因是到电池接线端的连接点不同。在一个方面中，本发明通过提供接入点250减小了这种差异。使用接入点250，图3中所示的单独的电池测试器260可以利用由开尔文连接器180和182提供的相同物理连接被联接到电池102的接线端290和292。接入点250可以是任何合适的物理连接器构造，其优选提供低电阻传导路径。每个电池测试模块104可以以多种方式与系统连通。在一个低成本实施例中，模块以链环形式连接通过模块式连接器。连接器优选从电池电势光学地隔离，因为成行电池典型地可提供相对较高的电压，例如480伏电压。也可以使用包括纤维光线构造的其它链环构造。单独的监控器也可以通过任何类型的被隔离的装置直接连接回到位于中央的位置，包括以太网、光线等，包括其它通讯技术，包括射频(RF)通讯，包括
Wi-Fi、Cellular等等。
虽然已经参照优选实施例描述了本发明，本领域技术人员将认识到可以不偏离本发明的精神和范围在形式和细节上作出改变。这里描述的开尔文连接器构造成以提供足够强度来安装电池到电池的方式固定到电池中的接线端。此外，开尔文连接器构造成脊状(ridgedly)支撑电池测试器模块。这种支撑可以是通过开尔文连接器它们自身或者通过额外的加固材料。这一点与开尔文连接器可以相对于电池测试器移动的一些先前技术设计相反。虽然描述了在存储器中储存了唯一的地址，在其它构造中，所述单元可以基于它们在单元行中的位置而自己“自寻址”。例如，当数据经过所述行时，每个单元附加它的数据到从前面模块收到的传送信息的末端。于是，在中央场所处，数据可以被解析并与正确的模块联系。在这样的构造中，如果模块被更换，不需要修改地址。在另一方面中，模块构造成测试相邻电池之间的“单元间”连接。在这种构造中，可以在模块和相邻的电池之间提供额外的连接，以施加施力函数信号。在单元间连接两端的电压与电池接线端两端(或者电池和单元间连接的两端)的电压之间的电压差可用于识别错误的单元间连接。这样的连接可以是单独提供的，或者例如可以包含在图1所示的连接器110中。
Claims (21)
1.一种构造成监控蓄电池的电池测试器模块，包括：
电池测试器壳体，构造成容纳电池测试器模块的电路；
开尔文连接器，构造成联接到蓄电池的接线端并固定到所述壳体；
电池测试电路，构造成通过开尔文连接器在蓄电池上进行电池测试；
第一数据连接，构造成与第二电池模块连通；和
第二数据连接，构造成传送来自电池测试器模块和第二电池测试器模块的数据。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，其中电池测试器模块包括构造成计算电池测试结果的微处理器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，包括施力函数源，所述施力函数源联接到开尔文连接器，并且其中测量数据涉及电池的动态参数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，其中第二数据连接构造成将来自电池测试器模块和第二电池测试器模块的数据传送到第三电池测试器模块。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，其中第二数据连接构造成将来自电池测试器模块和第二电池测试器模块的数据传送到接收站。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，包括测试器接入点，所述测试器接入点构造成提供外部连接到开尔文连接器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，包括相变材料，所述相变材料构造成接收来自电池测试器模块的电路的热量。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电池测试器模块，包括温度传感器，所述温度传感器构造成测量相变材料的温度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电池测试器模块，其中基于感测到的相变材料的温度来控制电池测试器模块的电路。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，其中开尔文连接器包括第一和第二环，所述第一和第二环的每一个具有第一和第二连接器，所述第一和第二环构造成安装到蓄电池的接线端。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，包括构造成显示信息的显示器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，其中第二数据连接包括无线连接。
13.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，其中第二数据连接包括有线连接。
14.一种接收站，构造成联接到权利要求1的电池测试器模块以通过第二数据连接接收来自电池测试器模块的数据。
15.根据权利要求14所述的接收站，进一步构造成接收来自第二电池测试器模块的数据。
16.根据权利要求1所述的电池测试器模块，包括到相邻电池的接线端的电连接，并且其中所述电池测试电路构造成测试单元间连接。
17.一种测量多个蓄电池的参数的方法，包括：
用安装至第一蓄电池的第一电池测试器模块测量第一蓄电池的参数；
将测得的第一参数传送到安装至第二蓄电池的第二电池测试模块；
利用第二电池测试模块测量第二蓄电池的第二参数；和
将测得的第一参数和测得的第二参数从第二电池测试器模块传送到接收站。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，包括通过开尔文连接器施加施力函数到第一电池并测量第一电池的动态参数。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，包括提供测试器接入点，所述测试器接入点构造成提供外部连接到开尔文连接器。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法，包括提供相变材料，所述相变材料构造成接收来自电池测试器模块的电路的热量。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法，包括用开尔文连接器联接到第一电池，所述开尔文连接器包括第一和第二环，所述第一和第二环的每个具有第一和第二连接器，所述第一和第二环构造成安装到蓄电池的接线端。
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- 2011-03-01 US US13/037,641 patent/US9425487B2/en active Active
- 2011-03-01 WO PCT/US2011/026608 patent/WO2011109343A2/en active Application Filing
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| CN111624500A (zh) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-09-04 | 深圳市道通科技股份有限公司 | 一种检测车辆发电机的方法及电池检测仪 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110218747A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
| US9425487B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
| WO2011109343A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
| WO2011109343A3 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| CN102804478B (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
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